manuel cohen

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  • Half-timbered Renaissance house, built in 1512 for a wealthy businessman, at 54 Place Michel-Debre, beneath the Chateau d'Amboise, in Amboise, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The city forms part of the Loire Valley UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC23_FRANCE_MC_0385.jpg
  • Chateau d'Amboise illuminated at sunset, above the river Loire, at Amboise, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle which became a royal residence in the 15th century and was largely reworked in the 15th and 16th centuries. It was rebuilt as a Gothic palace under Charles VIII and Renaissance and Italianate additions were installed under Francois I and Henri II. It is listed as a historic monument and is part of the Loire Valley UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC23_FRANCE_MC_0380.jpg
  • Tour des Minimes and Gothic Charles VIII wing of the logis royal of the Chateau d'Amboise, a medieval castle which became a royal residence in the 15th century and was largely reworked in the 15th and 16th centuries, on the River Loire, at Amboise, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau was rebuilt as a Gothic palace under Charles VIII and Renaissance and Italianate additions were installed under Francois I and Henri II. It is listed as a historic monument and is part of the Loire Valley UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC23_FRANCE_MC_0388.jpg
  • Salle des Gardes, or Guardroom, in the Chateau d'Amboise, a medieval castle of the Loire Valley which became a royal residence in the 15th century and was largely reworked in the 15th and 16th centuries, at Amboise, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau was rebuilt as a Gothic palace under Charles VIII and Renaissance and Italianate additions were installed under Francois I and Henri II. It is listed as a historic monument and is part of the Loire Valley UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC23_FRANCE_MC_0382.jpg
  • Promenade des Gardes, a walkway used as a lookout over the river Loire, in the Gothic Charles VIII wing of the logis royal, at the Chateau d'Amboise, a medieval castle which became a royal residence in the 15th century and was largely reworked in the 15th and 16th centuries, on the River Loire, at Amboise, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau was rebuilt as a Gothic palace under Charles VIII and Renaissance and Italianate additions were installed under Francois I and Henri II. It is listed as a historic monument and is part of the Loire Valley UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC23_FRANCE_MC_0381.jpg
  • Half-timbered Renaissance house, built in 1512 for a wealthy businessman, at 54 Place Michel-Debre, beneath the Chateau d'Amboise, in Amboise, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The city forms part of the Loire Valley UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC23_FRANCE_MC_0384.jpg
  • Tour des Minimes and Gothic Charles VIII wing of the logis royal of the Chateau d'Amboise, a medieval castle which became a royal residence in the 15th century and was largely reworked in the 15th and 16th centuries, on the River Loire, at Amboise, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau was rebuilt as a Gothic palace under Charles VIII and Renaissance and Italianate additions were installed under Francois I and Henri II. It is listed as a historic monument and is part of the Loire Valley UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC23_FRANCE_MC_0387.jpg
  • Charles VIII wing of the logis royal, built in Gothic style with the Promenade des Gardes and a wide balcony overlooking the river Loire, at the Chateau d'Amboise, a medieval castle which became a royal residence in the 15th century and was largely reworked in the 15th and 16th centuries, on the River Loire, at Amboise, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau was rebuilt as a Gothic palace under Charles VIII and Renaissance and Italianate additions were installed under Francois I and Henri II. It is listed as a historic monument and is part of the Loire Valley UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC23_FRANCE_MC_0386.jpg
  • Sulptural detail on the rib-vaults of the ceiling of the interior ramp of the Tour des Minimes, with figures holding the coat of arms of the House of Valois with 3 fleur de lys, at the Chateau d'Amboise, a medieval castle of the Loire Valley which became a royal residence in the 15th century and was largely reworked in the 15th and 16th centuries, at Amboise, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The tower has a wide, shallow ramp large enough to allow horses and carriages access to the royal residence. The chateau is listed as a historic monument and is part of the Loire Valley UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC23_FRANCE_MC_0383.jpg
  • 'Bicorp Man', a man climbing lianas to collect honey from wild bees, drawing based on a prehistoric rock painting, c. 6000 BC, at the Cuevas de la Arana, at the Ecomuseo Bicorp, Valencia, Spain. The Bicorp Ecomuseum is a Heritage Interpretation Centre exploring the landscape, history and heritage of the surrounding area, including the cave paintings in the nearby Cuevas de la Arana and the Barranco Moreno, listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_SPAIN_MC161.JPG
  • Reconstruction of a house for a builder of Stonehenge, based on the remains of buildings excavated at Durrington Walls, at Stonehenge, Wiltshire, England. The archaeological site consists of the stone circle, earthworks and hundreds of burial mounds dating to the Neolithic and Bronze Ages. The site is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is managed by English Heritage. The site is linked to Arthurian Legend, as Geoffrey of Monmouth wrote in his History of the Kings of Britain in the 12th century, that the stone circle was built by the wizard Merlin. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ENGLAND_MC_080.jpg
  • Stone circle at Stonehenge, 3000-2000 BC, Wiltshire, England. The archaeological site consists of the stone circle, earthworks and hundreds of burial mounds dating to the Neolithic and Bronze Ages. The site is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is managed by English Heritage. The site is linked to Arthurian Legend, as Geoffrey of Monmouth wrote in his History of the Kings of Britain in the 12th century, that the stone circle was built by the wizard Merlin. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ENGLAND_MC_078.jpg
  • Stone circle at Stonehenge, 3000-2000 BC, Wiltshire, England. The archaeological site consists of the stone circle, earthworks and hundreds of burial mounds dating to the Neolithic and Bronze Ages. The site is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is managed by English Heritage. The site is linked to Arthurian Legend, as Geoffrey of Monmouth wrote in his History of the Kings of Britain in the 12th century, that the stone circle was built by the wizard Merlin. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ENGLAND_MC_079.jpg
  • Stone circle at Stonehenge, 3000-2000 BC, Wiltshire, England. The archaeological site consists of the stone circle, earthworks and hundreds of burial mounds dating to the Neolithic and Bronze Ages. The site is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is managed by English Heritage. The site is linked to Arthurian Legend, as Geoffrey of Monmouth wrote in his History of the Kings of Britain in the 12th century, that the stone circle was built by the wizard Merlin. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ENGLAND_MC_077.jpg
  • Stone circle at Stonehenge, 3000-2000 BC, Wiltshire, England. The archaeological site consists of the stone circle, earthworks and hundreds of burial mounds dating to the Neolithic and Bronze Ages. The site is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is managed by English Heritage. The site is linked to Arthurian Legend, as Geoffrey of Monmouth wrote in his History of the Kings of Britain in the 12th century, that the stone circle was built by the wizard Merlin. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ENGLAND_MC_074.jpg
  • Model of Housesteads Roman fort on Hadrian's Wall, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. The fort is rectangular, with the main administrative buildings in the centre, and barracks, stables and workshops at either side. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_146.jpg
  • Illustration of a Roman auxiliary soldier from the Hadrian era, 125 AD, by Nick Hardcastle, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. An auxiliary would wear a chainmail coat and iron helmet, with a long sword and spear and oval wooden shield, enclosed boots like those found at Vindolanda, and close-fitting trousers. 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers were based at Housesteads Fort. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_145.jpg
  • Roman stone with carving of Mercury, god of trade, commerce and thieves, in a classical pose, with a cloak draped over his arm, a winged hat or petasus, staff or caduceus and money bag in his right hand, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_140.jpg
  • Roman stone with a carved fragment of a larger inscription, recording a measurement of length in Roman feet '(PE) DATVRA (…) VCI', built by an unknown unit, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_136.jpg
  • Roman stone carved with a fragment of an inscription, stating the self-government of the vicus, the civilian settlement outside of the fort, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. The inscription refers to ‘D.VICA (NI)’, the decree of the vicuna and is probably referring to a public work carried out by a council of villagers. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_134.jpg
  • Detail of a Roman carved stone depicting the genii cucullati, 3 spirits wearing hooded cloaks, commonly worshipped across Northern Europe, possibly in connection with fertility, found in the alcove of a small family shrine in the vicus, the civilian settlement outside of the fort, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_132.jpg
  • Roman carved stone depicting the genii cucullati, 3 spirits wearing hooded cloaks, commonly worshipped across Northern Europe, possibly in connection with fertility, found in the alcove of a small family shrine in the vicus, the civilian settlement outside of the fort, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_130.jpg
  • Detail of massive capitals, Temple of Olympian Zeus, 5th century BC, Agrigento, Sicily, Italy,  pictured on September 12, 2009, in the morning. .The Temple of Olympian Zeus was probably begun after the Battle of Himera (480 BC), but was never completed. The Valley of the Temples is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC0909_Agrigento_MC034.jpg
  • Stone circle at Stonehenge, 3000-2000 BC, Wiltshire, England. The archaeological site consists of the stone circle, earthworks and hundreds of burial mounds dating to the Neolithic and Bronze Ages. The site is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is managed by English Heritage. The site is linked to Arthurian Legend, as Geoffrey of Monmouth wrote in his History of the Kings of Britain in the 12th century, that the stone circle was built by the wizard Merlin. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ENGLAND_MC_076.jpg
  • Stone circle at Stonehenge, 3000-2000 BC, Wiltshire, England. The archaeological site consists of the stone circle, earthworks and hundreds of burial mounds dating to the Neolithic and Bronze Ages. The site is a Scheduled Ancient Monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is managed by English Heritage. The site is linked to Arthurian Legend, as Geoffrey of Monmouth wrote in his History of the Kings of Britain in the 12th century, that the stone circle was built by the wizard Merlin. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ENGLAND_MC_075.jpg
  • Illustration of the chalet barracks at Housesteads Roman fort on Hadrian's Wall in the 4th century AD, by Philip Corke, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Around 300 AD, the communal barracks at the fort were demolished and replaced with chalet style houses for each soldier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_147.jpg
  • Model of Housesteads Roman fort on Hadrian's Wall, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. The fort is rectangular, with the main administrative buildings in the centre, and barracks, stables and workshops at either side. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_144.jpg
  • Roman window head carved with stylised wheels or rosettes, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Many decorative window heads have been found at Housesteads, with abstract and geometric designs aswell as classical motifs. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_143.jpg
  • Roman sculpture of the Matres or mother-goddesses seated on a bench, wearing tunics and holding cups and possibly fruit, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Popular on Hadrian’s Wall, the Matres Cult is a military cult originating in Germany. It is thought there was a Matres temple near Knag Burn and 9 Matres sculptures have been found at Housesteads. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_141.jpg
  • Roman stone altar with dedication to Jupiter, the main state deity and embodiment of Imperial Rome, with carved images of a patera (small pan) and jug used to pour libations into the hollow scoops on the altar top, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. An inscription reads, 'to Jupiter best and greatest, and the spirit of the Emperors, the 1st regiment of Hungarians, under the command of Quintus Julius Maximus'. Such dedications of new altars enabled individuals and regiments to record their achievements and document their allegiance. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_142.jpg
  • Roman stone shrine with carving of Diana, goddess of the moon and hunting, reaching for an arrow with her bow poised, with a hunting dog and a stag watching, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_139.jpg
  • Roman stone with carving of Mars, god of war and the legions, dressed as a soldier wearing body armour, pleated skirt and greaves or leg protection and a crested helmet, holding a spear and shield with a goose in the foreground, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. An inscription reads, 'To the God Mars, Victory and the Deities of the Emperors'. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_138.jpg
  • Roman stone inscribed with ‘C IVLI CANDID F', meaning 'the century of Julius Candidus made this', found on Hadrian's Wall West of Housesteads, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. There are 3 other stones from the Wall recording this centurion. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_137.jpg
  • Roman carved stone depicting the genii cucullati, 3 spirits wearing hooded cloaks, commonly worshipped across Northern Europe, possibly in connection with fertility, found in the alcove of a small family shrine in the vicus, the civilian settlement outside of the fort, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_133.jpg
  • Roman stone shrine or aedicula with sculpture of the winged goddess Victory with half folded wings and billowing tunic suggesting she is hovering, about to land her right foot on a globe, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Her arms probably held a victor’s wreath and a palm branch. Victory symbolised success in battle and protection against death, and Emperor Hadrian’s work in Britan marked and end to fighting in the North and his Wall, a symbol of victory, defined and protected the province of Britannia. 4 statues of Victory have been recovered from Housesteads. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_135.jpg
  • Detail of a Roman carved stone depicting the genii cucullati, 3 spirits wearing hooded cloaks, commonly worshipped across Northern Europe, possibly in connection with fertility, found in the alcove of a small family shrine in the vicus, the civilian settlement outside of the fort, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_131.JPG
  • Detail of tiles on the wall of the Mikhmankhana, official reception hall, Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC234.jpg
  • View from the front of Harem aiwan, Tash Khauli Palace , 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. The harem, occupying about half of the palace has 5 aiwan terraces, with delicately carved wooden pillars,  behind which were the quarters for the khan and his wives. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC228.jpg
  • Low angle view of South Gate, Tash Darvaza (Stone Gates), and walls of the old city, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, at dawn. Khiva's old city, Ichan Kala, is surrounded by 2.2 kilometres of crenellated and bastioned city walls. Some sections may be 5th century, but the strongest sections were built 1686-88 by Arang Khan. The Tash Darvaza was built in the 19th century during the reign of Allakulykhan. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC219.jpg
  • Detail of majolica tiling, winter mosque, Kukhna Ark, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. The Kukhna Ark is the original home of the Khans. Although its foundations are 5th century, most of the complex is 19th century. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC194.jpg
  • Detail of majolica tiling, winter mosque, Kukhna Ark, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. The Kukhna Ark is the original home of the Khans. Although its foundations are 5th century, most of the complex is 19th century. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC189.jpg
  • View from below of ceiling of an aiwan terrace in the Harem, Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the morning. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. The harem, occupying about half of the palace has 5 aiwan terraces, behind which were the quarters for the khan and his wives. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC179.jpg
  • Detail of pillar base, of Prayer Hall, Juma Mosque, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the morning. The Juma Mosque, Khiva's main Friday Mosque is, unusally, a single storey building, whose 18th century architects tried to preserve the characteristics of its 10th century predecessor. The 45x55 metre prayer hall contains 212 10th-18th century pillars of varying form and decoration. Some are from the ancient mosque on the same site, others are battle trophies. They are remarkable not only for their fine carving and decoration but also for the  design of the lower sections in the form of a vase with flowering shoots. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC170.jpg
  • General view of Prayer Hall, Juma Mosque, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the morning. The Juma Mosque, Khiva's main Friday Mosque is, unusally, a single storey building, whose 18th century architects tried to preserve the characteristics of its 10th century predecessor. The 45x55 metre prayer hall contains 212 10th-18th century pillars of varying form and decoration. Some are from the ancient mosque on the same site, others are battle trophies. They are remarkable not only for their fine carving and decoration but also for the  design of the lower sections in the form of a vase with flowering shoots. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC167.jpg
  • Low angle view of Kalta Minor, 1855, and detail of the Matniyaz Divan-begi Madrasah (left), 1871, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, at dawn. The Kalta Minor or Short Minaret was commissioned by Mohammed Amin Khan in 1852 to stand 70 m. high, but was abandoned when he died in 1855, and remains only 26 m. high. Commissioned by Muhammad Niyaz the rectangular, Madrasah has a traditional main facade, its high portal, decorated with majolica, having a central pentahedral niche and corner guldastas which are geometrically patterned in blue, white and green, with green brick domes. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC164.jpg
  • Arab Muhammad Khan (Arabkhan) Madrasah, 1616-1838), Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 06, 2010, at dawn. The one-yard, two storey Madrasah has a main entrance marked by a strict portal with cylinder-shaped guldasta towers with arched lanterns at the corner. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC160.jpg
  • Group portrait of children playing in Ichan Kala, the old city, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 5, 2010, in the afternoon. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC149.jpg
  • Group portrait of young boys in Ichan Kala, the old city, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 5, 2010, in the afternoon. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC148.jpg
  • General view of semi-open aiwan, tiled in majolica, Kurinish Khana or Throne Room, 1804-06, Kukhna Ark, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 5, 2010, in the afternoon. The Kukhna Ark is the original home of the Khans. Although its foundations are 5th century, most of the complex is 19th century. The Kurinish Khana (throne room), 1804-06, with its arcade or iwan, is the place where audiences were held in the open air in summer and enclosed by a yurt in winter. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC143.jpg
  • Low angle view of walls of the old city, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 5, 2010, in the afternoon. Khiva's old city, Ichan Kala, is surrounded by 2.2 kilometres of crenellated and bastioned city walls. Some sections may be 5th century, but the strongest sections were built 1686-88 by Arang Khan. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC140.jpg
  • Low angle view of the wall and the baroque facade, entrance to the church, 16th century, with a cross in the foreground, Monestir de Poblet, 1151, Vimbodi, Catalonia, Spain, pictured on May 20, 2006, in the afternoon. The Monastery of Poblet belongs to the Cistercian Order and was founded by French monks. Originally, Cistercian architecture, like the rules of the order, was frugal. But continuous additions  including late Gothic and Baroque, eventually made Poblet one of the largest monasteries in Spain which was later used as a fortress and royal palace. It was closed in 1835 by the Spanish State but refounded in 1940 by Italian Cistercians. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • Detail of Gardens, Real Alcazar, Seville, Spain, pictured on December 26, 2006, in the morning. The Real Alacazar was commissioned by Pedro I of Castile in 1364 to be built in the Mudejar style by Moorish craftsmen. The palace, built on the site of an earlier Moorish palace, is a stunning example of the style and a UNESCO World heritage site. The gardens are a mixture of Moorish, French and Renaissance style. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    DSEVILLE070271.jpg
  • General low angle view of the arcade courtyard at Patio de las Doncellas (Courtyard of the Maidens), Real Alcazar, Seville, Spain, looking at the upper portico, pictured on December 24, 2006, in the afternoon. The upper storey of the Patio was built by Luis de Vega under the reign of Charles V, 1540-1572. The Real Alacazar was commissioned by Pedro I of Castile in 1364 to be built in the Mudejar style by Moorish craftsmen. The palace, built on the site of an earlier Moorish palace, is a stunning example of the style and a UNESCO World Heritage site. The garden in this courtyard is of a Moorish plan. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    DSEVILLE070254.jpg
  • Detail of trumeau (base), with a relief sculpture of Christ blessing the crowds, Upper chapel of La Sainte-Chapelle, 13th century, Paris, France. The relief is on a polygonal column and is surrounded by a decorative frame with fleurs de lys at the corners. Sainte Chapelle was built 1239-48 to house King Louis IX's collection of Holy Relics. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_PARIS_11_MC086.jpg
  • Detail of bas-relief sculpture, mid 13th century, on the base of the portal of the Upper chapel of La Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, France. One of a series of reliefs illustrating scenes from the Old Testament book of Genesis. Here we see Adam and Eve tasting the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge. Each panel has a decorated curly frame. Sainte Chapelle was built 1239-48 to house King Louis IX's collection of Holy Relics. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_PARIS_11_MC020.jpg
  • Detail of bas-relief sculpture, mid 13th century, on the base of the portal of the Upper chapel of La Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, France. One of a series of reliefs illustrating scenes from the Old Testament book of Genesis. Here we see God creating the birds. Each panel has a decorated curly frame with mythical beasts in the corner. Sainte Chapelle was built 1239-48 to house King Louis IX's collection of Holy Relics. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_PARIS_11_MC018.jpg
  • Detail of bas-relief sculpture, mid 13th century, on the base of the portal of the Upper chapel of La Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, France. One of a series of reliefs illustrating scenes from the Old Testament book of Genesis. Here we see God creating Day and Night. Each panel has a decorated curly frame with mythical beasts in the corner. Sainte Chapelle was built 1239-48 to house King Louis IX's collection of Holy Relics. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_PARIS_11_MC017.jpg
  • Detail of bas-relief sculpture, mid 13th century, on the base of the portal of the Upper chapel of La Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, France. One of a series of reliefs illustrating scenes from the Old Testament book of Genesis. Here we see God separating the sea from the land. Each panel has a decorated curly frame with mythical beasts in the corner. Sainte Chapelle was built 1239-48 to house King Louis IX's collection of Holy Relics. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_PARIS_11_MC016.jpg
  • Detail of bas-relief sculpture, mid 13th century, on the base of the portal of the Upper chapel of La Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, France. One of a series of reliefs illustrating scenes from the Old Testament book of Genesis. Here we see Adam preparing food for Eve who is in bed nursing a child. Each panel has a decorated curly frame with mythical beasts in the corner. Sainte Chapelle was built 1239-48 to house King Louis IX's collection of Holy Relics. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_PARIS_11_MC015.jpg
  • Detail of bas-relief sculpture, mid 13th century, on the base of the portal of the Upper chapel of La Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, France. One of a series of reliefs illustrating scenes from the Old Testament book of Genesis. Here we see Adam digging the land and Eve spinning. Each panel has a decorated curly frame with mythical beasts in the corner. Sainte Chapelle was built 1239-48 to house King Louis IX's collection of Holy Relics. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_PARIS_11_MC014.jpg
  • Detail of bas-relief sculpture, mid 13th century, on the base of the portal of the Upper chapel of La Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, France. One of a series of reliefs illustrating scenes from the Old Testament book of Genesis. Here we see Noah's Ark floating on the flood. Each panel has a decorated curly frame with mythical beasts in the corner. Sainte Chapelle was built 1239-48 to house King Louis IX's collection of Holy Relics. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_PARIS_11_MC013.jpg
  • Detail of bas-relief sculpture, mid 13th century, on the base of the portal of the Upper chapel of La Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, France. One of a series of reliefs illustrating scenes from the Old Testament book of Genesis. Here we see the animals entering Noah's Ark, two by two. Each panel has a decorated curly frame with mythical beasts in the corner. Sainte Chapelle was built 1239-48 to house King Louis IX's collection of Holy Relics. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_PARIS_11_MC012.jpg
  • Detail of bas-relief sculpture, mid 13th century, on the base of the portal of the Upper chapel of La Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, France. One of a series of reliefs illustrating scenes from the Old Testament book of Genesis. Here we see Abraham preparing to sacrifice Isaac. Behind them a ram is caught in a thicket. Each panel has a decorated curly frame with mythical beasts in the corner. Sainte Chapelle was built 1239-48 to house King Louis IX's collection of Holy Relics. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_PARIS_11_MC011.jpg
  • Detail of bas-relief sculpture, mid 13th century, on the base of the portal of the Upper chapel of La Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, France. One of a series of reliefs illustrating scenes from the Old Testament book of Genesis. Here we see God creating the fruit of the trees. Each panel has a decorated curly frame with mythical beasts in the corner. Sainte Chapelle was built 1239-48 to house King Louis IX's collection of Holy Relics. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_PARIS_11_MC010.jpg
  • Low angle view of Statue of the Christ blessing the crowds decorating the trumeau of the portal to the upper chapel of La Sainte-Chapelle (The Holy Chapel), 1248, Paris, France. La Sainte-Chapelle was commissioned by King Louis IX of France to house his collection of Passion Relics, including the Crown of Thorns. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_PARIS_11_MC009.jpg
  • Detail of the carved base of the trumeau of the entrance to the upper chapel of La Sainte-Chapelle (The Holy Chapel), Paris, France. Sainte Chapelle was built 1239-48 to house King Louis IX's collection of Holy Relics. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_PARIS_11_MC008.jpg
  • General view of bas-relief sculptures illustrating scenes from the Old Testament book of Genesis, mid 13th century, on the base of the portal of the Upper chapel of La Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, France. Sainte Chapelle was built 1239-48 to house King Louis IX's collection of Holy Relics. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_PARIS_11_MC007.jpg
  • Mausoleum of the Samanids, 9th-10th century, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 11, 2010 reflected in a pool by the late afternoon light. Built of kiln-dried bricks by Ismail Samani for his father Nasr I, who died in 892, it is recognized as architectural masterpiece of the world heritage due to harmony of its geometrical forms. Bukhara, a city on the Silk Route is about 2500 years old. Its long history is displayed both through the impressive monuments and the overall town planning and architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC301.jpg
  • Mausoleum of the Samanids, 9th-10th century, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 11, 2010 reflected in a pool by the late afternoon light. Built of kiln-dried bricks by Ismail Samani for his father Nasr I, who died in 892, it is recognized as architectural masterpiece of the world heritage due to harmony of its geometrical forms. Bukhara, a city on the Silk Route is about 2500 years old. Its long history is displayed both through the impressive monuments and the overall town planning and architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC298.jpg
  • Panoramic view of the side of the Matniyaz Divan-begi madrasah (right) 1871, Kalta Minor (centre) 1855, and Ota Darvoza (Father Gate) (left) with the Madrasah of Muhammad Rakhim-khan II, 1871 (background), Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, at sunset. Juma Mosque Minaret (left), dome of the Pahlavan Mahmud Mausoleum and the Islam Hodja minaret (right) are visible in the distance. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC247.jpg
  • Aerial view Ichan Kala, showing Madrasah of Muhammad Rakhim-khan II, 1871, on the left, with Islam Hodja Minaret, 1910, to its right, Juma Mosque and Minaret plus dome of Pahlavan Mahmud Mausoleum, 14th-16th century, on the right in the background, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 5, 2010, in the afternoon. The Muhammad Rakhim-khan II Madrasah is one of the biggest Madrasahs in Khiva and was commissioned by Muhammad-Rahim II (1863-1910), it has a two tiered celled facade, with a massive central portal, and small towers at the corners.  Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC246.jpg
  • General view of Pahlavan Mahmud Mausoleum, 14th-16th century, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured at sunset on July 5, 2010. Visible are its blue tile-covered dome which commands Khiva's skyline and on the right the Islam Hodja minaret, 1910, and the Juma Mosque Minaret on the left. Commissioned by the reforming Grand Visier, Islam Khodja, the minaret is 44.8 metres high, tapering towards the top, its ochre brick alternating with bands of decorative blue and white tiles. It is the final architectural achievement of the Khanates. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC245.jpg
  • General view of holy tombs and the Pahlavan Makhmoud Mausoleum, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 5, 2010, in the morning. The mausoleum centres on the two-cupola shrine of Pahlavan Mahmud, Khiva's  patron saint (said to have been a poet, soldier, furrier, wrestler and healer of diseases), and is also the burial complex of the Qungrat Khans. 19th and 20th century remodelling extended the complex. The Mausoleum's blue dome dominates Khiva's skyline rising above its brick building and domes  of the adjacent graveyard. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC244.jpg
  • General view of Pahlavan Mahmud Mausoleum, 14th-16th century, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured at sunset. Visible are its blue tile-covered dome which commands Khiva's skyline and on the right the Islam Hodja minaret, 1910. Commissioned by the reforming Grand Visier, Islam Khodja, the minaret is 44.8 metres high, tapering towards the top, its ochre brick alternating with bands of decorative blue and white tiles. It is the final architectural achievement of the Khanates. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC243.jpg
  • Low angle view of a young girl passing through the Ota Darvoza gate, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the late afternoon light of a summer day with the Muhammad Aminkhan Madrasah and Kalta Minor in the background. Khiva's old city, Ichan Kala, is surrounded by 2.2 kilometres of crenellated and bastioned city walls. Some sections may be 5th century, but the strongest sections were built 1686-88 by Arang Khan. The main gate today is the restored western Ota Darvoza (Father Gate). The Kalta Minor or Short Minaret was commissioned by Mohammed Amin Khan in 1852 to stand 70 m. high, but was abandoned when he died in 1855, and remains only 26 m. high. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC242.jpg
  • Portrait of a young boy in front of the  the Ota Darvoza gate, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the late afternoon light of a summer day. Khiva's old city, Ichan Kala, is surrounded by 2.2 kilometres of crenellated and bastioned city walls. Some sections may be 5th century, but the strongest sections were built 1686-88 by Arang Khan. The main gate today is the restored western Ota Darvoza (Father Gate). Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC241.jpg
  • View from the front of women and a boy walking towards the Ata-Davarza gate, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the late afternoon light of a summer day. The Muhammad Aminkhan Madrasah and Kalta Minar are visible in the background. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC240.jpg
  • General view of Matniyaz Divan-begi madrasah (right) 1871, Kalta Minor (centre) 1855, and Juma minaret, 10th-13th centuries, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, at sunset. The Kalta Minor or Short Minaret was commissioned by Mohammed Amin Khan in 1852 to stand 70 m. high, but was abandoned when he died in 1855, and remains only 26 m. high. Commissioned by Muhammad Niyaz, the rectangular Matniyaz Divan-begi madrasah has a traditional main facade, its high portal, decorated with majolica, having a central pentahedral niche and corner guldastas which are geometrically patterned in blue, white and green, with green brick domes. The Juma minaret, oldest in Khiva, has a tapering brick trunk decorated with seven narrow belts of small turquoise bricks. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC239.jpg
  • Low angle view of the  Allah Kuli Khan Madrasah, 1834-35, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the summer afternoon light. The shadowy walkway contrasts strongly with the sunlit tiered arches of the facade in the background. The Allah Kuli Khan Madrasah, second largest college in the city, has the highest portal in Khiva. Parts of the city wall and adjoining Khojamberdiby Madrasah were demolished to allow space for the 99 celled building. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC238.jpg
  • View from below of tiles on the ceiling of the aiwan of the Arzkhona, or courtroom, Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. The harem, occupying about half of the palace has 5 aiwan terraces, with delicately carved wooden pillars,  behind which were the quarters for the khan and his wives. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC237.jpg
  • Detail of tiles on the wall of the Arzkhona, or courtroom, Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC236.jpg
  • Detail of tiles on the wall of the courtyard of the Mikhmankhana, official reception hall, Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC235.jpg
  • General view of the Mikhmankhana, official reception hall, Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC233.JPG
  • Detail of tiles on the wall of the Mikhmankhana, official reception hall, Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC232.jpg
  • General view of Mikhmankhana, official reception area, Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC231.jpg
  • General view of Mikhmankhana, official reception area, Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC230.jpg
  • Detail of pillar base, Harem aiwan, Tash Khauli Palace , 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. The harem, occupying about half of the palace has 5 aiwan terraces, with delicately carved wooden pillars,  behind which were the quarters for the khan and his wives. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC229.jpg
  • Detail of wall decoration in the courtyard of the Harem,  Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. The harem, occupying about half of the palace has 5 aiwan terraces, with delicately carved wooden pillars,  behind which were the quarters for the khan and his wives. Across the courtyard were the  concubines' apartments.  The facades and walls around the courtyards were decorated with traditional blue, ultramarine and white colours majolica made by Abdullah. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC226.jpg
  • Detail of wall decoration in the courtyard of the Harem,  Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. The harem, occupying about half of the palace has 5 aiwan terraces, with delicately carved wooden pillars,  behind which were the quarters for the khan and his wives. Across the courtyard were the  concubines' apartments.  The facades and walls around the courtyards were decorated with traditional blue, ultramarine and white colours majolica made by Abdullah. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC225.jpg
  • Detail of pillar base, Harem, of Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. The harem, occupying about half of the palace has 5 aiwan terraces, with delicately carved wooden pillars,  behind which were the quarters for the khan and his wives. Across the courtyard were the  concubines' apartments.  The facades and walls around the courtyards were decorated with traditional blue, ultramarine and white colours majolica made by Abdullah. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC224.jpg
  • General view of the Allah Kuli Khan Madrasah, 1834-35, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. The Allah Kuli Khan Madrasah, second largest college in the city, has the highest portal in Khiva. Parts of the city wall and adjoining Khojamberdiby Madrasah were demolished to allow space for the 99 celled building. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC223.jpg
  • Low angle view of columns and majolica tiling, winter mosque, Kukhna Ark, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the morning. The Kukhna Ark is the original home of the Khans. Although its foundations are 5th century, most of the complex is 19th century.  Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC222.jpg
  • General view of the Qutlugh Murad Inaq Madrasah, 1804-12, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the morning. The Qutlugh Murad Inaq Madrasah is the first completely two-storey masrasah in Khiva comprising 81 hujras. The building is composed along the longitudinal axis with a four-ayvan yard and connected with residential hudjras for students and teachers. Qutlugh Murad Inaq madrasah is the only monument in Khiva where non-glazed relief-stamped terracotta was used. Corner guldasta of the main facade are decorated with terracotta tiles with non-recurring pattern. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC220.jpg
  • High angle view from the Islam Hodja minaret of the Pahlavan Mahmud Mausoleum, 14th-16th centuries, and in the distance the Matniyaz Divan-begi Madrasah, 1871, and the Kalta Minor, 1855, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 4, 2010, at sunrise. The mausoleum centres on the shrine of Pahlavan Mahmud, Khiva's  patron saint , and is also the burial complex of the Qungrat Khans. 19th and 20th century remodeling extended the complex whose blue dome dominates Khiva's skyline rising above its brick building and domes of the adjacent graveyard. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC218.jpg
  • Oblique view of entrance to Pahlavan Mahmud Mausoleum, 14th-16th centuries, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, at dawn. The mausoleum centres on the two-cupola shrine of Pahlavan Mahmud, Khiva's  patron saint (said to have been a poet, soldier, furrier, wrestler and healer of diseases), and is also the burial complex of the Qungrat Khans. 19th and 20th century remodeling extended the complex adding tombs, an iwan and summer mosque, Quran reading halls, a Madrasah, and three small chambers, the middle one accommodating a prayer hall entered from the shrine's central hall. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC217.jpg
  • Low angle view of Museum of Applied Arts, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, at sunset with a boy and his bicycle in front. The Museum of Applied Art and Life of Khorezm is a Madrasah, Kazi and Kalyan housing mainly 18th-19th century and some 20th century works by folk artists including jewellery, carpet weaving, pottery, wood and stone carving and copper coinage. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC216.jpg
  • Low angle view of Museum of Applied Arts, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, at sunset. The Museum of Applied Art and Life of Khorezm is a Madrasah, Kazi and Kalyan housing mainly 18th-19th century and some 20th century works by folk artists including jewellery, carpet weaving, pottery, wood and stone carving and copper coinage. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC215.jpg
  • General view of Matniyaz Divan-begi madrasah (right) 1871, Kalta Minor (right) 1855, and Ota Darvoza (Father Gate) (left), with the quayside in the right foreground and the Muhammad Rakhim-khan II Madrasah 1871, in the left background, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. Khiva's old city, Ichan Kala, is surrounded by 2.2 kilometres of crenellated and bastioned city walls. The main gate today is the restored western Ota Darvoza (Father Gate). The Kalta Minor or Short Minaret was commissioned by Mohammed Amin Khan in 1852 to stand 70 m. high, but was abandoned when he died in 1855, and remains only 26 m. high. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC213.jpg
  • General view of main gate of Ichan-Kala, Ota Darvoza (Father Gate), with the Muhammad Rakhim-khan II Madrasah, 1871, in the background, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, at sunset. Khiva's old city, Ichan Kala, is surrounded by 2.2 kilometres of crenellated and bastioned city walls. The main gate today is the restored western Ota Darvoza (Father Gate). Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC212.JPG
  • Oblique Low angle view of Statue of Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi (c.780-c.850), astronomer and mathematician, with the tower of Matniyaz Divan-begi Madrasah in the distance, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC211.jpg
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