manuel cohen

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  • Roman bronze military standard of a cavalry troop, in the form of a walking horse, Severan Vindolanda period 200-212 AD, in the Vindolanda Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Mounted on a tall pole, the flag would have been attached to the bars at the foot of the stand. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Vindolanda Museum is run by the Vindolanda Charitable Trust and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_017.jpg
  • General Hubert Lyautey, 1854-1934, in Morocco awarding medals to indigenous sniper troops during the First World War, postcard from the nearby Musee de Nogent sur Marne, France. General Lyautey was the first French Resident-General in Morocco from 1912 to 1925. Picture by Manuel Cohen / Musee de Nogent sur Marne
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1131.jpg
  • Cavalry, from Conquest of Majorca in 1231, fresco, late 13th century, Early Gothic style, from the Sala Major of the royal palace, in the Palau Reial Major, built as residence for the counts of Barcelona and kings of Aragon and now the Muhba Placa del Rei, a history museum covering Roman to medieval periods, in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The fresco depicts the victory parade of James I's troops with infantry above and cavalry below, King James and bishop Berengerde Palou, and coats of arms of the noble families who supported the king (Montcada, Cruilles, Empuries, Cervello). The palace complex includes the Salo del Tinell, the Palatine Chapel of St Agatha built 1302 and the Palau del Lloctinent built 1549. The museum is part of the Museu de Historia de Barcelona. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_440.jpg
  • Conquest of Majorca in 1231, fresco, late 13th century, Early Gothic style, from the Sala Major of the royal palace, in the Palau Reial Major, built as residence for the counts of Barcelona and kings of Aragon and now the Muhba Placa del Rei, a history museum covering Roman to medieval periods, in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The fresco depicts the victory parade of James I's troops with infantry above and cavalry below, King James and bishop Berengerde Palou, and coats of arms of the noble families who supported the king (Montcada, Cruilles, Empuries, Cervello). The palace complex includes the Salo del Tinell, the Palatine Chapel of St Agatha built 1302 and the Palau del Lloctinent built 1549. The museum is part of the Museu de Historia de Barcelona. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_438.jpg
  • Infantry, from Conquest of Majorca in 1231, fresco, late 13th century, Early Gothic style, from the Sala Major of the royal palace, in the Palau Reial Major, built as residence for the counts of Barcelona and kings of Aragon and now the Muhba Placa del Rei, a history museum covering Roman to medieval periods, in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The fresco depicts the victory parade of James I's troops with infantry above and cavalry below, King James and bishop Berengerde Palou, and coats of arms of the noble families who supported the king (Montcada, Cruilles, Empuries, Cervello). The palace complex includes the Salo del Tinell, the Palatine Chapel of St Agatha built 1302 and the Palau del Lloctinent built 1549. The museum is part of the Museu de Historia de Barcelona. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_439.jpg
  • Infantry, from Conquest of Majorca in 1231, fresco, late 13th century, Early Gothic style, from the Sala Major of the royal palace, in the Palau Reial Major, built as residence for the counts of Barcelona and kings of Aragon and now the Muhba Placa del Rei, a history museum covering Roman to medieval periods, in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The fresco depicts the victory parade of James I's troops with infantry above and cavalry below, King James and bishop Berengerde Palou, and coats of arms of the noble families who supported the king (Montcada, Cruilles, Empuries, Cervello). The palace complex includes the Salo del Tinell, the Palatine Chapel of St Agatha built 1302 and the Palau del Lloctinent built 1549. The museum is part of the Museu de Historia de Barcelona. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_432.jpg
  • Alexander Kerensky, 1881-1970, Minister of War, and general Aleksei Brusilov leave in a car cheered by the crowd, after having led a meeting of the Congress of Delegates of Front line Troops, on the South West Russian Front in Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine. Kerensky is saluting the crowd by raising his hat. Photograph published in L'Illustration no.3878, 30th June 1917. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0332.jpg
  • Congress of delegates of Front Line Troops, with Alexander Guchkov, minister of war for the Provisional Government (before Kerensky), explaining the reasons behind his resignation, during the Russian Revolution, in the Duma chamber - the bronze imperial coat of arms has been taken from the rostrum and soldiers and officers take the place of politicians, photograph published in L'Illustration no.3876, 16th June 1917. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0348.jpg
  • Arrival of the Egyptian troops in Punt and the king of Somalia (left), painted relief of the Expedition to the Land of Punt, on the Punt Portico on the middle terrace of the mortuary temple of Hatshepsut, built 15th century BC, at Deir el-Bahari in the Theban Necropolis, Thebes, Luxor, Egypt. The Egyptians took 5 boats of goods to Punt in Somalia to trade for frankincense trees, gold, ebony, ivory and exotic animals. Queen Hatshepsut was the 5th pharaoh of the 18th dynasty in the New Kingdom. The temple consists of 3 terraces built into the cliffs, with the sanctuary of the barque of Amun-Re, Hathor shrine and Anubis shrine. The Theban Necropolis is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0272.jpg
  • Wounded Annamite (Vietnamese) soldiers injured in the Battle of Annam, visited by Officer Dai Bieu from the government of Indochina, outside the hospital used during the First World War for treating colonial troops, originally the Cochinchina Pavilion (Cochinchina, now in South Vietnam, was a French colony 1862-1954) in the Jardin d'Agronomie Tropicale, or Garden of Tropical Agronomy, in the Bois de Vincennes in the 12th arrondissement of Paris, postcard from the nearby Musee de Nogent sur Marne, France. During the war the colonial hospital treated over 4800 patients and it closed on 1st May 1919. The garden was first established in 1899 to conduct agronomical experiments on plants of French colonies. In 1907 it was the site of the Colonial Exhibition and many pavilions were built or relocated here. The site is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen / Musee de Nogent sur Marne
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1132.jpg
  • Hospital used during the First World War for treating colonial troops, originally the Cochinchina Pavilion (Cochinchina, now in South Vietnam, was a French colony 1862-1954) in the Jardin d'Agronomie Tropicale, or Garden of Tropical Agronomy, in the Bois de Vincennes in the 12th arrondissement of Paris, postcard from the nearby Musee de Nogent sur Marne, France. During the war the colonial hospital treated over 4800 patients and it closed on 1st May 1919. The garden was first established in 1899 to conduct agronomical experiments on plants of French colonies. In 1907 it was the site of the Colonial Exhibition and many pavilions were built or relocated here. The site is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen / Musee de Nogent sur Marne
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1127.jpg
  • Wounded soldier receiving a medal, outside the hospital used during the First World War for treating colonial troops, originally the Cochinchina Pavilion (Cochinchina, now in South Vietnam, was a French colony 1862-1954) in the Jardin d'Agronomie Tropicale, or Garden of Tropical Agronomy, in the Bois de Vincennes in the 12th arrondissement of Paris, postcard from the nearby Musee de Nogent sur Marne, France. During the war the colonial hospital treated over 4800 patients and it closed on 1st May 1919. The garden was first established in 1899 to conduct agronomical experiments on plants of French colonies. In 1907 it was the site of the Colonial Exhibition and many pavilions were built or relocated here. The site is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen / Musee de Nogent sur Marne
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1125.jpg
  • General Leontiev preparing to decorate a soldier, with Russian troops in the background, in the Serbian mountains of Macedonia during the First World War, photograph published in L'Illustration no.3875, 9th June 1917. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0327.jpg
  • Fresco of Emperor Charles V on a grey horse between Cardinal Alessandro Farnese (left) and Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma (right), leaving with their troops for the Lutheran War, painted 1561-63 by Taddeo Zuccari, 1529-66, in the Sala dei Fasti Farnesiani, or Hall of the Farnese Deeds, in the Villa Farnese or Villa Caprarola, a 16th century Renaissance and Mannerist fortified villa designed by Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola and built 1559-73 for the Farnese family under Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, in Caprarola, Viterbo, Lazio, Italy. This room is decorated with frescoes depicting the diplomatic activities of Cardinal Farnese. The Villa Farnese is now owned by the state and run by the Polo Museale del Lazio. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ITALY_MC_0389.jpg
  • Napoleon on horseback leading troops at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, engraving after a painting, in the Musee Napoleon or Museum of Napoleon I, opened 1969 in the former Ecole Royale Militaire or Royal Military School, where Napoleon trained 1779-84, at Brienne-le-Chateau, Aube, Grand Est, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_2508.jpg
  • Arrival of the Egyptian troops in Punt, painted relief of the Expedition to the Land of Punt, on the Punt Portico on the middle terrace of the mortuary temple of Hatshepsut, built 15th century BC, at Deir el-Bahari in the Theban Necropolis, Thebes, Luxor, Egypt. The Egyptians took 5 boats of goods to Punt in Somalia to trade for frankincense trees, gold, ebony, ivory and exotic animals. Queen Hatshepsut was the 5th pharaoh of the 18th dynasty in the New Kingdom. The temple consists of 3 terraces built into the cliffs, with the sanctuary of the barque of Amun-Re, Hathor shrine and Anubis shrine. The Theban Necropolis is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0271.JPG
  • Wounded Algerian soldier receiving a medal from Gaston Doumergue, Minister for Colonies, outside the hospital used during the First World War for treating colonial troops, originally the Cochinchina Pavilion (Cochinchina, now in South Vietnam, was a French colony 1862-1954) in the Jardin d'Agronomie Tropicale, or Garden of Tropical Agronomy, in the Bois de Vincennes in the 12th arrondissement of Paris, postcard from the nearby Musee de Nogent sur Marne, France. During the war the colonial hospital treated over 4800 patients and it closed on 1st May 1919. The garden was first established in 1899 to conduct agronomical experiments on plants of French colonies. In 1907 it was the site of the Colonial Exhibition and many pavilions were built or relocated here. The site is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen / Musee de Nogent sur Marne
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1130.jpg
  • Mosque, built 1916, now demolished, next to the hospital used during the First World War for treating colonial troops, in the Jardin d'Agronomie Tropicale, or Garden of Tropical Agronomy, in the Bois de Vincennes in the 12th arrondissement of Paris, postcard from the nearby Musee de Nogent sur Marne, France. During the war the colonial hospital treated over 4800 patients and it closed on 1st May 1919. The garden was first established in 1899 to conduct agronomical experiments on plants of French colonies. In 1907 it was the site of the Colonial Exhibition and many pavilions were built or relocated here. The site is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen / Musee de Nogent sur Marne
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1128.jpg
  • One of the main wards in the hospital used during the First World War for treating colonial troops, originally the Cochinchina Pavilion (Cochinchina, now in South Vietnam, was a French colony 1862-1954) in the Jardin d'Agronomie Tropicale, or Garden of Tropical Agronomy, in the Bois de Vincennes in the 12th arrondissement of Paris, postcard from the nearby Musee de Nogent sur Marne, France. During the war the colonial hospital treated over 4800 patients and it closed on 1st May 1919. The garden was first established in 1899 to conduct agronomical experiments on plants of French colonies. In 1907 it was the site of the Colonial Exhibition and many pavilions were built or relocated here. The site is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen / Musee de Nogent sur Marne
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1126.jpg
  • Marius Moutet, 1876-1968, French Socialist diplomat and colonial adviser, socialist deputy of Rhone, visiting the Russian Front during the First World War, with soldiers and officers of a regiment which he has encouraged to do their duty, photograph published in L'Illustration no.3875, 9th June 1917. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0325.jpg
  • Patriotic demonstration and parade of troops during the Russian Revolution, in Red Square, Moscow, photograph published in L'Illustration no.3875, 9th June 1917. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0324.jpg
  • Fresco detail of Emperor Charles V on a grey horse between Cardinal Alessandro Farnese (left) and Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma (right), leaving with their troops for the Lutheran War, painted 1561-63 by Taddeo Zuccari, 1529-66, in the Sala dei Fasti Farnesiani, or Hall of the Farnese Deeds, in the Villa Farnese or Villa Caprarola, a 16th century Renaissance and Mannerist fortified villa designed by Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola and built 1559-73 for the Farnese family under Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, in Caprarola, Viterbo, Lazio, Italy. This room is decorated with frescoes depicting the diplomatic activities of Cardinal Farnese. The Villa Farnese is now owned by the state and run by the Polo Museale del Lazio. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ITALY_MC_0424.jpg
  • Fresco of Emperor Charles V on a grey horse between Cardinal Alessandro Farnese (left) and Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma (right), leaving with their troops for the Lutheran War, painted 1561-63 by Taddeo Zuccari, 1529-66, in the Sala dei Fasti Farnesiani, or Hall of the Farnese Deeds, in the Villa Farnese or Villa Caprarola, a 16th century Renaissance and Mannerist fortified villa designed by Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola and built 1559-73 for the Farnese family under Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, in Caprarola, Viterbo, Lazio, Italy. This room is decorated with frescoes depicting the diplomatic activities of Cardinal Farnese. The Villa Farnese is now owned by the state and run by the Polo Museale del Lazio. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ITALY_MC_0384.jpg
  • Monument a la gloire de la colonisation (Monument to the Glory of Colonisation), erected for the Paris Colonial Exhibition at the Bois de Vincennes in 1931, at Porte Doree, Paris, France. This stone relief, depicting French and colonial soldiers, was commissioned in memory of Jean-Baptiste Marchand, 1863-1934, who led a mission from the Congo to the Nile, to expand French territory in Africa by taking it from the British. Along with 250 Senegalese soldiers, he reached Fachoda in Sudan before abandoning the expedition in 1897. Several remnants of the Colonial Exhibition remain in and around the Bois de Vincennes to this day. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_PARIS_MC_1242.jpg
  • Battle of Marignano, 13 September 1515 between Francis I, 1494-1547 King of France and Swiss army, relief, Funerary Monument of Francois I (1494 - 1547) and Claude of France (1499 - 1524), 1548 - 1570, marble, by Pierre Bontemps, Abbey church of Saint Denis, Seine Saint Denis, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DPARIS080167.jpg
  • Napoleon at Arcis-sur-Aube, learning that the allies are approaching from Troyes, by Georgin, Epinal print by Pellerin, in the Musee Napoleon or Museum of Napoleon I, opened 1969 in the former Ecole Royale Militaire or Royal Military School, where Napoleon trained 1779-84, at Brienne-le-Chateau, Aube, Grand Est, France. The Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube in 1814 during the War of the Sixth Coalition saw major French losses against the Allied army. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_2500.jpg
  • Surrender at Ulm in 1805, print by Francois Grenier de Saint Martin, 1793-1867, in the Musee Napoleon or Museum of Napoleon I, opened 1969 in the former Ecole Royale Militaire or Royal Military School, where Napoleon trained 1779-84, at Brienne-le-Chateau, Aube, Grand Est, France. At Ulm in Bavaria in 1805, Napoleon received the surrender of the Austrian army. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_2489.jpg
  • Napoleon at Arcis-sur-Aube, learning that the allies are approaching from Troyes, by Georgin, Epinal print by Pellerin, in the Musee Napoleon or Museum of Napoleon I, opened 1969 in the former Ecole Royale Militaire or Royal Military School, where Napoleon trained 1779-84, at Brienne-le-Chateau, Aube, Grand Est, France. The Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube in 1814 during the War of the Sixth Coalition saw major French losses against the Allied army. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_2718.jpg
  • Ramesses II and his generals at a council of war during the Battle of Kadesh, with the camp invaded by Hittites, relief on the west pylon tower, at the Pylon of Ramesses II, entrance to the temple, built c. 1260 BC, 19th dynasty, at the Luxor Temple, built c. 1392 BC, under Amenhotep III, 18th dynasty, New Kingdom, and Tutankhamun, Horemheb and Ramesses II, at Thebes, Luxor, Egypt. The pylon was originally covered with plaster and precious metals, carved and painted with scenes of the Battle of Kadesh. Thebes is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0545.jpg
  • Ramesses II as archer firing bow and arrow from a chariot, Hittites fleeing, the Fort of Kadesh and the king of the Hittites trembling and fleeing during the Battle of Kadesh, relief on the east pylon tower, at the Pylon of Ramesses II, entrance to the temple, built c. 1260 BC, 19th dynasty, at the Luxor Temple, built c. 1392 BC, under Amenhotep III, 18th dynasty, New Kingdom, and Tutankhamun, Horemheb and Ramesses II, at Thebes, Luxor, Egypt. The pylon was originally covered with plaster and precious metals, carved and painted with scenes of the Battle of Kadesh. Thebes is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0543.jpg
  • King Louis Philippe meeting a dying guard on 6th June 1832, painting, 1835, by Auguste-Hyacinthe Debay, 1804-65, hanging on the staircase of honour in the Chateau d'Eu, in Eu, Normandy, France. The chateau was begun in 1581 by Henri de Guise and Catherine de Cleves and finished in 1665 by Anne-Marie-Louise d'Orleans, the Grande Mademoiselle. In the 19th century the chateau was a royal residence of King Louis Philippe. The chateau houses the Musee Louis-Philippe and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0879.jpg
  • Monument a la gloire de la colonisation (Monument to the Glory of Colonisation), erected for the Paris Colonial Exhibition at the Bois de Vincennes in 1931, at Porte Doree, Paris, France. This stone relief, depicting French and colonial soldiers, was commissioned in memory of Jean-Baptiste Marchand, 1863-1934, who led a mission from the Congo to the Nile, to expand French territory in Africa by taking it from the British. Along with 250 Senegalese soldiers, he reached Fachoda in Sudan before abandoning the expedition in 1897. Several remnants of the Colonial Exhibition remain in and around the Bois de Vincennes to this day. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_PARIS_MC_1244.jpg
  • Pomare, Queen of Tahiti, the persecuted Christian surrounded by her family at the afflictive moment when the French forces were landing, detail of an aquatint engraving, 1845, by George Baxter, 1804-67, in the Musee de Tahiti et des Iles, or Te Fare Manaha, at Punaauia, on the island of Tahiti, in the Windward Islands, Society Islands, French Polynesia. Pomade is depicted as anglicised, wearing Western clothes and resembling a Madonna and child with her baby in her arms, to appeal to Victorians in Britain. The Museum of Tahiti and the Islands was opened in 1974 and displays collections of nature and anthropology, habitations and artefacts, social and religious life and the history of French Polynesia. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_POLYNESIA_MC_245.jpg
  • Monument a la gloire de la colonisation (Monument to the Glory of Colonisation), erected for the Paris Colonial Exhibition at the Bois de Vincennes in 1931, at Porte Doree, Paris, France. This stone relief, depicting French and colonial soldiers, was commissioned in memory of Jean-Baptiste Marchand, 1863-1934, who led a mission from the Congo to the Nile, to expand French territory in Africa by taking it from the British. Along with 250 Senegalese soldiers, he reached Fachoda in Sudan before abandoning the expedition in 1897. Several remnants of the Colonial Exhibition remain in and around the Bois de Vincennes to this day. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Paris_MC253.jpg
  • Monument a la gloire de la colonisation (Monument to the Glory of Colonisation), erected for the Paris Colonial Exhibition at the Bois de Vincennes in 1931, at Porte Doree, Paris, France. This stone relief, depicting French and colonial soldiers, was commissioned in memory of Jean-Baptiste Marchand, 1863-1934, who led a mission from the Congo to the Nile, to expand French territory in Africa by taking it from the British. Along with 250 Senegalese soldiers, he reached Fachoda in Sudan before abandoning the expedition in 1897. Several remnants of the Colonial Exhibition remain in and around the Bois de Vincennes to this day. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Paris_MC252.jpg
  • Battle of Marignano, 13 September 1515 between Francis I, 1494-1547 King of France and Swiss army, relief, Funerary Monument of Francois I (1494 - 1547) and Claude of France (1499 - 1524), 1548 - 1570, marble, by Pierre Bontemps, Abbey church of Saint Denis, Seine Saint Denis, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DPARIS080166.jpg
  • Exhibition hall, formerly 3rd troop dormitory, housing the permanent exhibition The Turo de la Rovira Throughout the Years, at MUHBA Turo de la Rovira, a regenerated heritage site on top of a 262m high hill in the suburbs of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The hill houses an anti-aircraft battery from the Spanish Civil War, the Canons shantytown, municipal waterworks, quarry and abandoned military structures. The site is part of MUHBA, the Museu d'Historia de Barcelona. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_475.jpg
  • Exhibition hall, formerly 3rd troop dormitory, housing the permanent exhibition The Turo de la Rovira Throughout the Years, at MUHBA Turo de la Rovira, a regenerated heritage site on top of a 262m high hill in the suburbs of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The hill houses an anti-aircraft battery from the Spanish Civil War, the Canons shantytown, municipal waterworks, quarry and abandoned military structures. The site is part of MUHBA, the Museu d'Historia de Barcelona. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_473.JPG
  • Parade ground and Enlisted Men's Barracks, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The building houses a squad room and an orderly room refurbished as it was in 1884, when it was occupied by Buffalo Soldiers of Troop H, Tenth Cavalry. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC266.jpg
  • Cannon on the parade ground and Enlisted Men's Barracks, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The building houses a squad room and an orderly room refurbished as it was in 1884, when it was occupied by Buffalo Soldiers of Troop H, Tenth Cavalry. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC252.jpg
  • Parade ground and Enlisted Men's Barracks, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The building houses a squad room and an orderly room refurbished as it was in 1884, when it was occupied by Buffalo Soldiers of Troop H, Tenth Cavalry. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC251.jpg
  • Parade ground and Enlisted Men's Barracks, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The building houses a squad room and an orderly room refurbished as it was in 1884, when it was occupied by Buffalo Soldiers of Troop H, Tenth Cavalry. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC247.jpg
  • Enlisted Men's Barracks, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The building houses a squad room and an orderly room refurbished as it was in 1884, when it was occupied by Buffalo Soldiers of Troop H, Tenth Cavalry. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC244.jpg
  • The Conquest Stone, a Roman tombstone depicting a cavalryman riding over the body of a native Briton, a common Roman political propaganda motif, 1st century AD, in Hexham Abbey, Northumberland, England. The inscription reads, 'To the venerated departed: here lies Flavinus, a horse soldier of the cavalry regiment of Petriana, standard bearer of the troop of Candidus, aged 25, of 7 years' Service'. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_084.jpg
  • Parade ground and Enlisted Men's Barracks, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The building houses a squad room and an orderly room refurbished as it was in 1884, when it was occupied by Buffalo Soldiers of Troop H, Tenth Cavalry. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC249.jpg
  • Last Supper, with Christ breaking bread, painting, in the Sanctuary of Santa Liberata in Cerreto Guidi, Tuscany, Italy. The sanctuary was built in 1336 and is dedicated to Santa Liberata, patron saint of the town, in thanks for its liberation from the troops of Mastino della Scala. It houses a fresco of Santa Liberata, around whom a cult grew. The sanctuary was remodelled 1665-1798. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_ITALY_MC_338.jpg
  • Madonna enthroned with Child, fresco by Bernardino da Civiglio, c. 1336, altarpiece, in the Sanctuary of Santa Liberata in Cerreto Guidi, Tuscany, Italy. The painting is also known as Madonna in trono tra i santi Leonardo e Giovanni Battista, or Madonna del latte, as the Virgin is breastfeeding the Christ child. The sanctuary was built in 1336 and is dedicated to Santa Liberata, patron saint of the town, in thanks for its liberation from the troops of Mastino della Scala. It houses a fresco of Santa Liberata, around whom a cult grew. The sanctuary was remodelled 1665-1798. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_ITALY_MC_336.jpg
  • Ceremonial Berline carriage of King John V of Portugal, built 1725-29, in the Chateau d'Eu, in Eu, Normandy, France. It left Portugal with John VI when he fled for Brazil from Napoleonic troops, but returned to France after 1889, with Gaston d'Orleans, count of Eu, and the Imperial Princess Isabella-Christian of Braganza. The chateau was begun in 1581 by Henri de Guise and Catherine de Cleves and finished in 1665 by Anne-Marie-Louise d'Orleans, the Grande Mademoiselle. In the 19th century the chateau was a royal residence of King Louis Philippe. The chateau houses the Musee Louis-Philippe and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0864.jpg
  • Ceramic tiles with painting, 1929, after an engraving of 1815 by Bonaventura Planella, on a plaque outside the Church of Sant Sever, in the Placa de Garriga i Bachs, in the Ciutat Vella or Old Town of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The painting and description present the arrest of Catalan resistance members who fought Napoleonic troops in 1809, during the Peninsula War of 1807-14. The plaque is located next to the Monument to the Heroes of 1809 by Josep Llimona. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_1426.jpg
  • Ceramic tiles with painting, 1929, after an engraving of 1815 by Bonaventura Planella, on a plaque outside the Church of Sant Sever, in the Placa de Garriga i Bachs, in the Ciutat Vella or Old Town of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The painting and description present the execution of Catalan resistance members who fought Napoleonic troops in 1809, during the Peninsula War of 1807-14. The plaque is located next to the Monument to the Heroes of 1809 by Josep Llimona. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_1290.jpg
  • Genoan Style bastions on the right, built 1561 AD, and boulevard or baluartes, built to allow troops and artillery movement, and behind, towers of the 1st and 2nd fortresses, at Qal'at al-Bahrain, or Bahrain Fort or Portuguese Fort, built 6th century AD, once the capital of the Dilmun Civilisation, near Manama in Bahrain. The site consists of a tell or artificial mound 12m high containing 7 layers of archaeological remains dating from 2300 BC to the 18th century, topped with a medieval fortress. There is evidence of Kassites, Greeks, Portuguese and Persians, with burial sites, fortifications and residential areas. Qal'at al-Bahrain is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_BAHREIN_MC_077.jpg
  • Boulevard or baluartes, built to allow troops and artillery movement, and behind, Genoan Style bastions, built in 1561 AD, at Qal'at al-Bahrain, or Bahrain Fort or Portuguese Fort, built 6th century AD, once the capital of the Dilmun Civilisation, near Manama in Bahrain. The site consists of a tell or artificial mound 12m high containing 7 layers of archaeological remains dating from 2300 BC to the 18th century, topped with a medieval fortress. There is evidence of Kassites, Greeks, Portuguese and Persians, with burial sites, fortifications and residential areas. Qal'at al-Bahrain is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_BAHREIN_MC_087.jpg
  • Aerial view of Qal'at al-Bahrain with 1 moat,<br />
2 Genoan style bastions, built 1561 AD, 3 Boulevard (baluartes), built to allow troops and artillery movement, 4 spur tower, which protected the keep, 5 towers of the 1st and 2nd fortresses, 6 lower courtyard, 7 drawbridge leading to the lower courtyard, 8 entrance to the fortress from the lower courtyard, 9 keep or captain tower, 10 arsenal, 11 cistern, 12 stables, 13 Portuguese chapel, 14 madbasa, photograph, in the Qal'at Al-Bahrain Site Museum, near Manama in Bahrain. The museum was opened in 2008, displaying artefacts of the history and archaeology of the Qal'at al-Bahrain, or Bahrain Fort or Portuguese Fort, built 6th century AD, once the capital of the Dilmun Civilisation. Qal'at al-Bahrain is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_BAHREIN_MC_170.jpg
  • Culloden Battlefield, site of the final Jacobite Rising, when Charles Edward Stuart, or Bonnie Prince Charlie, 1720-88, was defeated by loyalist troops led by the Duke of Cumberland on 16th April 1746, at Culloden, in the Highlands of Scotland. In the distance is the memorial cairn, erected 1881 by Duncan Forbes. The site is now run by the National Trust for Scotland. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_SCOTLAND_MC_144.JPG
  • Culloden Battlefield, site of the final Jacobite Rising, when Charles Edward Stuart, or Bonnie Prince Charlie, 1720-88, was defeated by loyalist troops led by the Duke of Cumberland on 16th April 1746, at Culloden, in the Highlands of Scotland. To the left of this flag stood the Argyllshire men. The site is now run by the National Trust for Scotland. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_SCOTLAND_MC_140.jpg
  • Corn-drying kiln, 16th century, in the gatehouse basement, at Urquhart Castle, built 13th - 16th centuries, on the shores of Loch Ness in the Great Glen, Highlands, Scotland. The room was used for drying out the corn after harvesting, before it could be ground into flour to make bread. The castle was captured by Edward I of England in 1296 during the Wars of Scottish Independence and was destroyed by government troops in the Jacobite Risings. It is run by Historic Environment Scotland as a visitor attraction. Picture by Manuel Cohen 1500s.
    LC18_SCOTLAND_MC_163.jpg
  • Urquhart Castle, built 13th - 16th centuries, on the shores of Loch Ness in the Great Glen, Highlands, Scotland. The castle was captured by Edward I of England in 1296 during the Wars of Scottish Independence and was destroyed by government troops in the Jacobite Risings. It is run by Historic Environment Scotland as a visitor attraction. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_SCOTLAND_MC_161.jpg
  • Urquhart Castle, built 13th - 16th centuries, on the shores of Loch Ness in the Great Glen, Highlands, Scotland. The castle was captured by Edward I of England in 1296 during the Wars of Scottish Independence and was destroyed by government troops in the Jacobite Risings. It is run by Historic Environment Scotland as a visitor attraction. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_SCOTLAND_MC_156.jpg
  • Prayer hall, with arches with double columns supporting the ceiling, Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1536.jpg
  • Prayer hall, with the wooden minbar or pulpit on the left, and arches with double columns supporting the ceiling, Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1538.jpg
  • Prayer hall, with arches with double columns supporting the ceiling, Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1541.jpg
  • Carved marble capitals of the double columns supporting the ceiling of the prayer hall, Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1544.jpg
  • Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1547.jpg
  • Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1548.JPG
  • Square minaret with green and white tiles, 33m high, Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1549.jpg
  • Engraved metal door handle on the wooden door leading to the patio garden, Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1553.jpg
  • Entrance door to the prayer hall, with zellige tiles in geometric designs, a lattice screen wooden doorway and intricately carved stucco work above, with muqarnas under the arch, Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1558.jpg
  • Prayer hall, with arches with double columns supporting the ceiling, Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1557.jpg
  • Chapel of the Alamo Mission, or Mission San Antonio de Valero, illuminated at night, a Spanish catholic colonial mission and church built in 1744, to spread Christianity and improve education among Native Americans, in San Antonio, Texas, USA. The Battle of the Alamo took place here in 1836 during the Texas Revolution, when Mexican troops under Santa Anna killed the Texian soldiers occupying the mission. The mission is now a museum in the Alamo Plaza Historic District and forms part of the San Antonio Missions UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC150.jpg
  • Chapel of the Alamo Mission, or Mission San Antonio de Valero, a Spanish catholic colonial mission and church built in 1744, to spread Christianity and improve education among Native Americans, in San Antonio, Texas, USA. The Battle of the Alamo took place here in 1836 during the Texas Revolution, when Mexican troops under Santa Anna killed the Texian soldiers occupying the mission. The mission is now a museum in the Alamo Plaza Historic District and forms part of the San Antonio Missions UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC149.jpg
  • Chapel of the Alamo Mission, or Mission San Antonio de Valero, a Spanish catholic colonial mission and church built in 1744, to spread Christianity and improve education among Native Americans, in San Antonio, Texas, USA. The Battle of the Alamo took place here in 1836 during the Texas Revolution, when Mexican troops under Santa Anna killed the Texian soldiers occupying the mission. The mission is now a museum in the Alamo Plaza Historic District and forms part of the San Antonio Missions UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC148.jpg
  • Chapel of the Alamo Mission, or Mission San Antonio de Valero, a Spanish catholic colonial mission and church built in 1744, to spread Christianity and improve education among Native Americans, in San Antonio, Texas, USA. The Battle of the Alamo took place here in 1836 during the Texas Revolution, when Mexican troops under Santa Anna killed the Texian soldiers occupying the mission. The mission is now a museum in the Alamo Plaza Historic District and forms part of the San Antonio Missions UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC142.jpg
  • Visitors on the terrace of the Cochinchina Pavilion (Cochinchina, now in South Vietnam, was a French colony 1862-1954), at the Colonial Exhibition of 1907, held in the Jardin d'Agronomie Tropicale, or Garden of Tropical Agronomy, in the Bois de Vincennes in the 12th arrondissement of Paris, postcard from the nearby Musee de Nogent sur Marne, France. During the First World War, the building was used as a hospital for colonial troops. The garden was first established in 1899 to conduct agronomical experiments on plants of French colonies. In 1907 it was the site of the Colonial Exhibition and many pavilions were built or relocated here. The garden has since become neglected and many structures overgrown, damaged or destroyed, with most of the tropical vegetation disappeared. The site is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen / Musee de Nogent sur Marne
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1197.jpg
  • Maison du Notable, or Cochinchina Pavilion (Cochinchina, now in South Vietnam, was a French colony 1862-1954), at the Colonial Exhibition of 1907, held in the Jardin d'Agronomie Tropicale, or Garden of Tropical Agronomy, in the Bois de Vincennes in the 12th arrondissement of Paris, postcard from the nearby Musee de Nogent sur Marne, France. During the First World War, the building was used as a hospital for colonial troops. The garden was first established in 1899 to conduct agronomical experiments on plants of French colonies. In 1907 it was the site of the Colonial Exhibition and many pavilions were built or relocated here. The garden has since become neglected and many structures overgrown, damaged or destroyed, with most of the tropical vegetation disappeared. The site is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen / Musee de Nogent sur Marne
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1159.jpg
  • Russian troops attending mass on a mountain top after the reading of the manifesto of the new government, in the Serbian mountains of Macedonia during the First World War, photograph published in L'Illustration no.3875, 9th June 1917. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0326.jpg
  • Portrait of General Lavr Kornilov, 1870-1918, Commander of troops in Petrograd, published in L'Illustration no.3865, 31st March 1917. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0297.jpg
  • Alexander Kerensky, appointed Minster for War in the newly formed socialist-liberal coalition government in May 1917, making a speech to soldiers in the battalion of the Smenovsky Guards before leaving for the front, affirming the necessity of a discipline of iron and resuming the offensive to aid French allies, photograph by Karl Bulla, 1855-1929, published in L'Illustration no.3877, 23rd June 1917. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0331.jpg
  • Colonel Nazimov, Commander of the reserve battalion of the Smenovsky regiment, reports to Alexander Kerensky, appointed Minster for War in the newly formed socialist-liberal coalition government in May 1917, photograph by Karl Bulla, 1855-1929, published in L'Illustration no.3877, 23rd June 1917. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0330.jpg
  • General Fyodor Palitzin, 1851-1923, commander of the Russian Expeditionary Force in France, encouraging soldier delegates standing at ease of the Petrograd Committee, serving in France in the First World War, to work for Russia and for France, photograph published in L'Illustration no.3873, 26th May 1917. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0320.jpg
  • Roman stone carving of a running animal, possibly a dog, in the Vindolanda Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. The Roman army at Vindolanda included many skilled stonemasons amongst its troops, who had ample work given the regular demolition and rebuilding of the fort. They constructed buildings from locally quarried stone, including the headquarters or principia and commanding officer’s house or praetorian. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Vindolanda Museum is run by the Vindolanda Charitable Trust and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_004.jpg
  • The Chinese Museum, opened 1863 by Empress Eugenie to house her collection of Far Eastern art, at the Chateau de Fontainebleau, France. The collection comes from the Summer Palace of the Emperors of China plundered by French and English troops in 1860. White or green jade pieces, porcelain items and cloisonne enamels can be seen in this museum dating for most part from the 18th century. The Palace of Fontainebleau is one of the largest French royal palaces and was begun in the early 16th century for Francois I. It was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC401.jpg
  • A terracotta jug with handle, narrow neck and pouring spout, 12th century, from the excavations of 2009-10 led by Sebastien Ziegler, from Fosse Depotoir F250, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC144.jpg
  • A terracotta jug with handle, narrow neck and pouring spout, 12th century, from the excavations of 2009-10 led by Sebastien Ziegler, from Fosse Depotoir F250, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC145.jpg
  • A terracotta cooking pot with no handle, 12th century, from the excavations of 2009-10 led by Sebastien Ziegler, from Fosse Depotoir F250, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC147.jpg
  • A terracotta oil lamp, 12th century, from the 2009-10 excavations led by Sebastien Ziegler, from the Fosse Depotoir F250, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC149.jpg
  • A terracotta oil lamp, 12th century, from the 2009-10 excavations led by Sebastien Ziegler, from the Fosse Depotoir F250, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC150.jpg
  • A terracotta oil lamp, 12th century, from the 2009-10 excavations led by Sebastien Ziegler, from the Fosse Depotoir F250, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC151.jpg
  • A terracotta pitcher with a handle, 14th century, from the excavations of 2009-10 led by Sebastien Ziegler, from the Latrines F288, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC156.jpg
  • A terracotta pitcher with a handle, 14th century, from the excavations of 2009-10 led by Sebastien Ziegler, from the Latrines F288, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC155.jpg
  • Two men holding weapons and a shield, one with strange swollen legs, which may refer to the miracle of the bees of St Generic, on a carved stone capital, 42x45cm, found near the Tour Thibaud or Thibaud Tower, built 12th century, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC162.jpg
  • Guardroom on the first floor of the Porte Saint Jean, or St John's Gate, built 1286-1306, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC165.jpg
  • Guardroom on the first floor of the Porte Saint Jean, or St John's Gate, built 1286-1306, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC167.jpg
  • The Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC168.jpg
  • Wall of the Thibaud Grande Poterie or pottery works, 13th century (left), and the supporting wall of the 15th century drawbridge (centre), with the moat behind, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC171.jpg
  • Huge kitchen area to the North of the upper courtyard, with an open square where the cooking took place and behind a storeroom complex with a fishpond, 14th - 15th centuries, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC178.jpg
  • The Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC180.jpg
  • Ramparts and the 12th century Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC182.jpg
  • The Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC181.jpg
  • The lower courtyard, between the Porte Saint Jean or St John's Gate (in distance), built 1286-1306, and the dry moat, covering one hectare, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. From the 12th century until the 18th this area was used for housing, workshops and cellars and evidence of these buildings remain. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC183.jpg
  • Cobbled road leading to the Porte Saint Jean, or St John's Gate, built 1286-1306, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC186.jpg
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