manuel cohen

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  • Spherical shaped Euro symbol with European stars. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    051914_EuroSymbol_MC001.jpg
  • Euro symbol with European stars. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    051914_EuroSymbol_MC002.jpg
  • UNESCO Headquarters, or Maison de l'UNESCO, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss, Marcel Breuer and Pier Luigi Nervi and opened in 1958, at 7 Place de Fontenoy in the 7th arronidssement of Paris, France. UNESCO is the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation. The main building shown here, is built in the form of a Y and houses the secretariat. In the foreground are flagpoles and the 'Symbolic Globe', designed 1995 by Erik Reitzel. The globe represents the symbol of the UN, and is a spherical grid made from 10,000 rods and joints of aluminium, with a small golden sphere suspended in the centre. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0660.jpg
  • Taurus the bull, standing firm amidst a windy landscape, symbol of power and strength, labour and sacrifice, from the Zodiac and the labours of the months stained glass window, 1217, in the ambulatory of Chartres Cathedral, Eure-et-Loir, France. This calendar window contains scenes showing the zodiacal symbol with its corresponding monthly activity. Chartres cathedral was built 1194-1250 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. Most of its windows date from 1205-40 although a few earlier 12th century examples are also intact. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC632.jpg
  • Symbol of Delta (D) and 3 full moon circles, an astrological cabalistic symbol or possibly for Diane de Poitiers, on the fireplace, 16th century, in the room known as Ruggieri Room, in the Chateau de Chaumont-sur-Loire, in the Loire Valley, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France, rebuilt in the 15th century by Charles I d'Amboise on the site of a 10th century Burgundian castle founded by Odo I count of Blois. The chateau is listed as a historic monument and is part of the Loire Valley UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1242.jpg
  • Fireplace, 16th century, with symbol of Delta (D) and 3 full moon circles, an astrological cabalistic symbol or possibly for Diane de Poitiers, in the room known as Ruggieri Room, in the Chateau de Chaumont-sur-Loire, in the Loire Valley, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France, rebuilt in the 15th century by Charles I d'Amboise on the site of a 10th century Burgundian castle founded by Odo I count of Blois. The chateau is listed as a historic monument and is part of the Loire Valley UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1241.jpg
  • Sculpted gargoyles, one of a monster, symbol of illness and death, and one of a frog with its baby, symbol of life in the face of illness and death, on the Hospital de Sant Pau, or Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, built 1902-30, designed by Catalan Modernist architect Lluis Domenech i Montaner, 1850-1923, in El Guinardo, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The original medieval hospital of 1401 was replaced with this complex in the 20th century thanks to capital provided in the will of Pau Gil. The hospital consists of 27 pavilions surrounded by gardens and linked by tunnels, using the Modernist Art Nouveau style with great attention to detail. On the death of the architect, his son Pere Domenech i Roura took over the project. The complex was listed in 1997 as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_SPAIN_MC318.jpg
  • Winged cherub with a coquille St-Jacques shell resting on fire, symbol of the pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, of secrets, of the feminine principle of mercury and of the crucible, so this relief represents the joining of mercury and fire in the processes of alchemy, from the coffered ceiling of the Oratory, carved in stone with 30 sections, each relating to a process in alchemy, in the Hotel Lallemant, a mansion built 1495-1518 in French Renaissance style by the Lallemant merchant family, in Bourges, Centre Val de Loire, France. The sculptural decoration on the building, made by both French and Italian sculptors, has been interpreted by Fulcanelli and others as having an alchemical symbolism. Since 1951 the building has housed the Musee des Arts Decoratifs and it was listed as a historic monument in 1840. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0682.jpg
  • Winged cherub with a pilgrim's staff, representing the difficult path of alchemy - the staff is a symbol of masculinity and overcoming dangers, protecting the bearer, from the coffered ceiling of the Oratory, carved in stone with 30 sections, each relating to a process in alchemy, in the Hotel Lallemant, a mansion built 1495-1518 in French Renaissance style by the Lallemant merchant family, in Bourges, Centre Val de Loire, France. The staff can also represent the alembic or alchemical still. The sculptural decoration on the building, made by both French and Italian sculptors, has been interpreted by Fulcanelli and others as having an alchemical symbolism. Since 1951 the building has housed the Musee des Arts Decoratifs and it was listed as a historic monument in 1840. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0667.jpg
  • Ball of fire, possibly a burning stone, in a carved cup, with 3R representing the extraction of igneous sulphur by a triple reiteration and possibly a pomegranate representing fertility (a symbol also found elsewhere in the building), from the coffered ceiling of the Oratory, carved in stone with 30 sections, each relating to a process in alchemy, in the Hotel Lallemant, a mansion built 1495-1518 in French Renaissance style by the Lallemant merchant family, in Bourges, Centre Val de Loire, France. The sculptural decoration on the building, made by both French and Italian sculptors, has been interpreted by Fulcanelli and others as having an alchemical symbolism. Since 1951 the building has housed the Musee des Arts Decoratifs and it was listed as a historic monument in 1840. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0661.JPG
  • Man bearing his thigh, an alchemical symbol, sculptural detail in the vaulted passageway of the Hotel Lallemant, a mansion built 1495-1518 in French Renaissance style by the Lallemant merchant family, in Bourges, Centre Val de Loire, France. The sculptural decoration on the building, made by both French and Italian sculptors, has been interpreted by Fulcanelli and others as having an alchemical symbolism. Since 1951 the building has housed the Musee des Arts Decoratifs and it was listed as a historic monument in 1840. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0646.jpg
  • A woman wearing a long green dress and red cloak holds 2 red flowers in an attitude of prayer, perhaps giving thanks for the harvest, section of Virgo from the Zodiac and the labours of the months stained glass window, 1217, in the ambulatory of Chartres Cathedral, Eure-et-Loir, France. This calendar window contains scenes showing the zodiacal symbol with its corresponding monthly activity. Chartres cathedral was built 1194-1250 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. Most of its windows date from 1205-40 although a few earlier 12th century examples are also intact. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC639.jpg
  • Pisces, with 2 fish placed head to tail, joined at the mouths by a wire according to custom, from the Zodiac and the labours of the months stained glass window, 1217, in the ambulatory of Chartres Cathedral, Eure-et-Loir, France. This calendar window contains scenes showing the zodiacal symbol with its corresponding monthly activity. Chartres cathedral was built 1194-1250 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. Most of its windows date from 1205-40 although a few earlier 12th century examples are also intact. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC626.jpg
  • Aries as a white ram amid lush plants, who turns to look at the vineyard worker in the panel to the left (also thought to represent Jesus, the lamb of God), from the Zodiac and the labours of the months stained glass window, 1217, in the ambulatory of Chartres Cathedral, Eure-et-Loir, France. This calendar window contains scenes showing the zodiacal symbol with its corresponding monthly activity. Chartres cathedral was built 1194-1250 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. Most of its windows date from 1205-40 although a few earlier 12th century examples are also intact. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC628.jpg
  • A 3-headed Janus representing past, present and future, opens the doors to a new year, and the figure of Aquarius pours water from a jug, section of January and Aquarius from the Zodiac and the labours of the months stained glass window, 1217, in the ambulatory of Chartres Cathedral, Eure-et-Loir, France. This calendar window contains scenes showing the zodiacal symbol with its corresponding monthly activity. Chartres cathedral was built 1194-1250 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. Most of its windows date from 1205-40 although a few earlier 12th century examples are also intact. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC622.jpg
  • Stone from Invereen, May, Inverness-shire, carved with Pictish symbols typical of the 7th and the 8th centuries, in the National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland. The meaning of the symbols is unknown. The red sandstone stone was discovered in 1932 and features a crescent and v-rod symbol, a double disc and z-rod, and a circle and line which may be later in date. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_SCOTLAND_MC_062.jpg
  • Medallion relief of Paris, son of Priam in profile, wearing a helmet of a ram's head and horns, triangular pediment above a door in the Upper Courtyard of the Hotel Lallemant, a mansion built 1495-1518 in French Renaissance style by the Lallemant merchant family, in Bourges, Centre Val de Loire, France. At the top of this triangle is depicted a ball of fire, either a reference to the fire of 1487, or perhaps a symbol of alchemy. The sculptural decoration on the building, made by both French and Italian sculptors, has been interpreted by Fulcanelli and others as having an alchemical symbolism. Since 1951 the building has housed the Musee des Arts Decoratifs and it was listed as a historic monument in 1840. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0653.jpg
  • A man sits astride a barrel of wine topping it up from a keg, and to the right, a fantastic scorpion creature with 4 legs and a dog's head on its tail, section of October and Scorpio from the Zodiac and the labours of the months stained glass window, 1217, in the ambulatory of Chartres Cathedral, Eure-et-Loir, France. This calendar window contains scenes showing the zodiacal symbol with its corresponding monthly activity. Chartres cathedral was built 1194-1250 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. Most of its windows date from 1205-40 although a few earlier 12th century examples are also intact. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC643.jpg
  • A woman dressed as Virgo in green dress and red cloak, uses scales to balance, perhaps finding an equilibrium between day and night in this time of winter solstice, section of Libra from the Zodiac and the labours of the months stained glass window, 1217, in the ambulatory of Chartres Cathedral, Eure-et-Loir, France. This calendar window contains scenes showing the zodiacal symbol with its corresponding monthly activity. Chartres cathedral was built 1194-1250 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. Most of its windows date from 1205-40 although a few earlier 12th century examples are also intact. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC640.jpg
  • Fantastic animal with a goat's front half and the tail of a fish, its head raised to see the sun rising in Capricorn, section of Capricorn from the Zodiac and the labours of the months stained glass window, 1217, in the ambulatory of Chartres Cathedral, Eure-et-Loir, France. This calendar window contains scenes showing the zodiacal symbol with its corresponding monthly activity. Chartres cathedral was built 1194-1250 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. Most of its windows date from 1205-40 although a few earlier 12th century examples are also intact. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC642.jpg
  • A centaur wearing a red hood holds a bow and arrows, perhaps representing Christ's triumph, section of Sagittarius from the Zodiac and the labours of the months stained glass window, 1217, in the ambulatory of Chartres Cathedral, Eure-et-Loir, France. This calendar window contains scenes showing the zodiacal symbol with its corresponding monthly activity. Chartres cathedral was built 1194-1250 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. Most of its windows date from 1205-40 although a few earlier 12th century examples are also intact. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC641.jpg
  • Fantastic crab with 8 claws, yellow spine, green tail and yellow tongue representing Cancer, from the Zodiac and the labours of the months stained glass window, 1217, in the ambulatory of Chartres Cathedral, Eure-et-Loir, France. This calendar window contains scenes showing the zodiacal symbol with its corresponding monthly activity. Chartres cathedral was built 1194-1250 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. Most of its windows date from 1205-40 although a few earlier 12th century examples are also intact. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC638.jpg
  • A knight waits for his horse to finish grazing so he can go to war and 2 naked male twins hold hands and dance (these are traditionally Castor and Pollux, sons of Jupiter), section of May and Gemini, from the Zodiac and the labours of the months stained glass window, 1217, in the ambulatory of Chartres Cathedral, Eure-et-Loir, France. This calendar window contains scenes showing the zodiacal symbol with its corresponding monthly activity. Chartres cathedral was built 1194-1250 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. Most of its windows date from 1205-40 although a few earlier 12th century examples are also intact. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC631.jpg
  • Stained glass window designed by artist Jean Michel Alberola, b. 1953, and made by master glassmaker Dominique Duchemin, in the Romanesque South transept in Nevers Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Cyricus and Saint Julitta of Nevers, Nevers, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. Here, an orange arch displays the tau, or tav, the last letter of the Hebrew alphabet, also the symbol of the cross, and the symbolic numbers 144 and 000 - 12 is the perfect number and 1000 the number of plenitude. The project to commission contemporary stained glass windows in the cathedral was begun 1987-88 under Dominique Bozo, and they were inaugurated on 29th April 2011. The building is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1336.jpg
  • Relief on the tympanum of the postern or pedestrian entrance, restored by Caudron in the 19th century, with St Michael the archangel holding a phylactery and a vase of fleur de lys, symbol of purity, on the main facade of the Palais Jacques Coeur, huge manor house built 1443-51 in Flamboyant Gothic style, on the Place Jacques Coeur, Bourges, France. The 3 fleur de lys flowers are in 3 stages of maturity, showing the cycle of life. Both the vase and fate flowers are hexagonal, like the Seal of Solomon. St Michael stands on the coat of arms of Jacques Coeur, with 3 hearts and 3 shells (coquilles Saint-Jacques). St Michael is a reference to 'Notre Dame Saint-Michel', the first galley chartered by Jacques Coeur. The angel hovering represents interactions between earth and air. The fruit trees may also link to red and white sulphur. Jacques Coeur, 1395-1456, was a wealthy merchant and was made master of the mint to King Charles VII in 1438. Fulcanelli stated that Jacques Coeur was an alchemist and it is believed that some of these symbols refer to alchemy. The building is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0229.jpg
  • Relief on the tympanum of the postern or pedestrian entrance, restored by Caudron in the 19th century, with St Michael the archangel holding a phylactery and a vase of fleur de lys, symbol of purity, on the main facade of the Palais Jacques Coeur, huge manor house built 1443-51 in Flamboyant Gothic style, on the Place Jacques Coeur, Bourges, France. The 3 fleur de lys flowers are in 3 stages of maturity, showing the cycle of life. Both the vase and fate flowers are hexagonal, like the Seal of Solomon. St Michael stands on the coat of arms of Jacques Coeur, with 3 hearts and 3 shells (coquilles Saint-Jacques). St Michael is a reference to 'Notre Dame Saint-Michel', the first galley chartered by Jacques Coeur. The angel hovering represents interactions between earth and air. The fruit trees may also link to red and white sulphur. Jacques Coeur, 1395-1456, was a wealthy merchant and was made master of the mint to King Charles VII in 1438. Fulcanelli stated that Jacques Coeur was an alchemist and it is believed that some of these symbols refer to alchemy. The building is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0218.jpg
  • Cast iron grate in the fireplace in the Lower North Gallery, with symbols resembling alchemy tools, in the Palais Jacques Coeur, huge manor house built 1443-51 in Flamboyant Gothic style, on the Place Jacques Coeur, Bourges, France. Fulcanelli stated that Jacques Coeur was an alchemist and hermetic symbols are found throughout the building. Jacques Coeur, 1395-1456, was a wealthy merchant and was made master of the mint to King Charles VII in 1438. The building is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0295.jpg
  • Glazed terracotta floor tile decorated with a daisy or marguerite, symbol of Margaret of Bavaria (Marguerite de Baviere, future Duchess of Burgundy), 14th century, from the Chateau de Germolles, Burgundy, France, built 1385-1400 as the residence of the Dukes of Burgundy. These tiles decorated the floors of the rooms on the first and second floors of the castle, and are decorated with symbols of the Dukes and Duchesses of Burgundy: daisies, lions, roses, thistles, sheep, suns and lilies. The chateau was built under Philippe le Hardi or Philip the Bold, first Duke of Burgundy of the new royal Valois dynasty, and then given to his wife, Margaret of Flanders, Duchess of Burgundy. The architect Drouet de Dammartin, the sculptors Jean de Marville and Claus Sluter and the painter Jean de Beaumetz all worked on the building. It was subsequently used by Jean sans Peur or John the Fearless, Philippe le Bon or Philip the Good and Charles le Temeraire or Charles the Bold. The chateau is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0222.jpg
  • Holy Spirit symbol, Eglise Saint-Sulpice (St Sulpitius' Church), c.1646-1745, late Baroque church on the Left Bank, Paris, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Paris_MC026.jpg
  • Glazed terracotta floor tile decorated with a daisy or marguerite, symbol of Margaret of Bavaria (Marguerite de Baviere, future Duchess of Burgundy), 14th century, from the Chateau de Germolles, Burgundy, France, built 1385-1400 as the residence of the Dukes of Burgundy. These tiles decorated the floors of the rooms on the first and second floors of the castle, and are decorated with symbols of the Dukes and Duchesses of Burgundy: daisies, lions, roses, thistles, sheep, suns and lilies. The chateau was built under Philippe le Hardi or Philip the Bold, first Duke of Burgundy of the new royal Valois dynasty, and then given to his wife, Margaret of Flanders, Duchess of Burgundy. The architect Drouet de Dammartin, the sculptors Jean de Marville and Claus Sluter and the painter Jean de Beaumetz all worked on the building. It was subsequently used by Jean sans Peur or John the Fearless, Philippe le Bon or Philip the Good and Charles le Temeraire or Charles the Bold. The chateau is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0259.jpg
  • Salamander breathing fire with crown, symbol of Francois I, on a fireplace in the Salle du Roi, or King's Hall, used by Francois I for meals and audiences, on the first floor of the Francois I wing, built early 16th century in Italian Renaissance style, at the Chateau Royal de Blois, built 13th - 17th century in Blois in the Loire Valley, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France. The hand-painted wallpaper, tiled floor and painted ceiling, were restored by Felix Duban in 1861-66. The chateau has 564 rooms and 75 staircases and is listed as a historic monument and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0885.jpg
  • Relief of a woman at a window, believed to be Macee de Leodepart, wife of Jacques Coeur and daughter of the provost of Bourges, on the main facade of the Palais Jacques Coeur, huge manor house built 1443-51 in Flamboyant Gothic style, on the Place Jacques Coeur, Bourges, France. Below the false window is a heart, which, paired with the shell symbol (a coquille Saint-Jacques) beneath the other false window, represents the name Jacques Coeur. Jacques Coeur, 1395-1456, was a wealthy merchant and was made master of the mint to King Charles VII in 1438. The building is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0208.jpg
  • Entrance to the Olympiastadion, with 2 towers and the Olympic Rings symbol, built by Werner March for the 1936 Summer Olympics, Olympiapark Berlin, Berlin, Germany. The stadium itself was rebuilt and reinaugurated in 2004. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_BERLIN_MC0737.jpg
  • United Buddy Bear sculpture outside the Russian embassy in Berlin, Germany. Buddy bears are lifesize fibreglass sculptures of bears originally created by Klaus and Eva Herlitz, in cooperation with the sculptor Roman Strobl in 2001. They are placed around cities to promote peace and understanding between nations. The bear is also the symbol of the city of Berlin. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_BERLIN_MC0621.jpg
  • Salamander sculptures, symbol of Francois I, on the chimneys of the Renaissance Francois I wing, built 1515-18, above the monumental staircase, at the Chateau Royal de Blois, built 13th - 17th century in Blois in the Loire Valley, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France. The chateau has 564 rooms and 75 staircases and is listed as a historic monument and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC23_FRANCE_MC_0019.jpg
  • Oratory of Anne de Bretagne, 1477-1514, wife of Charles I and Louis XII, built c.1500, with altar and sculpted decoration in Flamboyant Gothic style, including Breton ermines and the cord of St Francis of Assisi, the symbol of the queen, in the 16th century section of the Logis Royal at the Chateau de Loches, in the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Renaissance Logis Royal built 14th and 16th century, and the keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1662.jpg
  • Snake, symbol of the city of Milan, on the decorative ceiling on the Moorish Room, inspired by the travels of archduke Maximilian to Turkey in 1850 and Egypt in 1855 while he was viceroy of Lombardy-Venetia, in the apartment of archduke Maximilian, in the Royal Palace of Venice, now the Correr Museum, on the Piazza San Marco in Venice, Veneto, Italy. The Napoleonic wing was built 1807-13 designed by Giovanni Antonio Antolini and Giuseppe Maria Soli and was used by Napoleon until 1814, the Emperor of Austria until 1866 and the king of Italy until 1919, and restored 2000-22. The historic centre of Venice is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_ITALY_MC_0192.jpg
  • Sculpted salamander and flames, symbol of Francois I, in the Royal Oratory, or private chapel of the king, in the Francois I wing of the Chateau de Chambord, designed by Domenico da Cortona and built 1519-47 in French Renaissance style under King Francois I, at Chambord, Loir-et-Cher, France. The largest of the Loire Valley chateaux, Chambord has a central keep with 4 bastion towers on the corners, a moat and an elaborate decorative roofline. The chateau is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1194.jpg
  • Woinic, a giant steel sculpture of a wild boar, by Eric Slezniak, 1983-93, near Saulces-aux-Tournelles in Ardennes, Grand Est, France. The wild boar is the symbol of the Ardennes. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_2797.jpg
  • Woinic, a giant steel sculpture of a wild boar, by Eric Slezniak, 1983-93, near Saulces-aux-Tournelles in Ardennes, Grand Est, France. The wild boar is the symbol of the Ardennes. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_2798.jpg
  • Unicorn, symbol of devotion, heraldic emblem of the Borromeo family, in the Reception Room, 3 storeys high, in the Palazzo Borromeo, built 1632-1948 by the Borromeo family, on Isola Bella, in the Isole Borromee or Borromean Islands, on Lake Maggiore, Piedmont, Italy. The palazzo, begun 1632, was designed by Angelo Crivelli, for Carlo III Borromeo and his wife Isabella D'Adda, then completed by Carlo Fontana for Giberto III Borromeo and Vitaliano VI Borromeo. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_ITALY_MC_0036.jpg
  • Lotus flowers, symbol of creation, painted relief on the middle terrace of the mortuary temple of Hatshepsut, built 15th century BC, at Deir el-Bahari in the Theban Necropolis, Thebes, Luxor, Egypt. Queen Hatshepsut was the 5th pharaoh of the 18th dynasty in the New Kingdom. The temple consists of 3 terraces built into the cliffs, with the sanctuary of the barque of Amun-Re, Hathor shrine and Anubis shrine. The Theban Necropolis is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0308.jpg
  • Relief fragment from a stela or wall decoration, with stylised flora and fauna including a fish, an early christian symbol of faith, Coptic christian, 6th - 7th century AD, limestone, from Luxor, in the Luxor Museum, inaugurated 1975, in Luxor, Egypt. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0062.jpg
  • Calvary, 1375-85, Gothic, by Jaime Serra, upper panel of an altarpiece, tempera on wood, in the Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya, in the Palau Nacional on Montjuic Hill, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Above the scene is pelican on a tree growing from the cross, symbol of Christ, the Passion and the Eucharist, as the bird tore out its own flesh to feed its chicks. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_SPAIN_MC_0561.jpg
  • Calvary, detail, 1375-85, Gothic, by Jaime Serra, upper panel of an altarpiece, tempera on wood, in the Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya, in the Palau Nacional on Montjuic Hill, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Above the scene is pelican on a tree growing from the cross, symbol of Christ, the Passion and the Eucharist, as the bird tore out its own flesh to feed its chicks. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_SPAIN_MC_0560.jpg
  • Bull, evangelist symbol for Luke, carved in stone on the tribune, detail, in the Eglise Saint-Michel, in the Abbaye Saint Michel de Cuxa, a 9th century Benedictine abbey in Codalet, Pyrenees-Orientales, France. The tribune originally formed a raised choir in the eastern part of the church, but now surrounds the north gate. The abbey complex consists of the Eglise Saint-Michel, Chapelle de la Trinite, crypt, cloister and an 11th century bell tower. The abbey is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_1498.jpg
  • Winged lion, evangelist symbol for Mark, carved in stone on the tribune, detail, in the Eglise Saint-Michel, in the Abbaye Saint Michel de Cuxa, a 9th century Benedictine abbey in Codalet, Pyrenees-Orientales, France. The tribune originally formed a raised choir in the eastern part of the church, but now surrounds the north gate. The abbey complex consists of the Eglise Saint-Michel, Chapelle de la Trinite, crypt, cloister and an 11th century bell tower. The abbey is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_1656.jpg
  • Sirens, mythological birds with the heads of women, symbol of vice and temptation, Romanesque capital, 13th century, in the north gallery of the Cloitre d'Elne, built 12th - 14th centuries, at the Cathedrale Sainte-Eulalie-et-Sainte-Julie d'Elne, an 11th century catalan Romanesque cathedral in Elne, Pyrenees-Orientales, Catalogne du Nord, France. The cloister was originally the residence of the cathedral's canons, and features Romanesque and Gothic sculptures and capitals, depicting biblical figures, animals and plants. The cathedral and its cloister are listed as historic monuments. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0581.jpg
  • Sirens, mythological birds with the heads of women, symbol of vice and temptation, Romanesque capital, late 12th century, in the south gallery of the Cloitre d'Elne, built 12th - 14th centuries, at the Cathedrale Sainte-Eulalie-et-Sainte-Julie d'Elne, an 11th century catalan Romanesque cathedral in Elne, Pyrenees-Orientales, Catalogne du Nord, France. The cloister was originally the residence of the cathedral's canons, and features Romanesque and Gothic sculptures and capitals, depicting biblical figures, animals and plants. The cathedral and its cloister are listed as historic monuments. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0605.jpg
  • Sirens, mythological birds with the heads of women, symbol of vice and temptation, Romanesque capital, late 12th century, in the south gallery of the Cloitre d'Elne, built 12th - 14th centuries, at the Cathedrale Sainte-Eulalie-et-Sainte-Julie d'Elne, an 11th century catalan Romanesque cathedral in Elne, Pyrenees-Orientales, Catalogne du Nord, France. The cloister was originally the residence of the cathedral's canons, and features Romanesque and Gothic sculptures and capitals, depicting biblical figures, animals and plants. The cathedral and its cloister are listed as historic monuments. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0604.jpg
  • Evangelist symbol, winged lion of St Mark, capital in the cloister, 12th - 14th centuries, at the Cathedrale Sainte-Eulalie-et-Sainte-Julie d'Elne, an 11th century catalan Romanesque cathedral in Elne, Pyrenees-Orientales, Catalogne du Nord, France. The cloister was originally the residence of the cathedral's canons, and features Romanesque and Gothic sculptures and capitals, depicting biblical figures, animals and plants. The cathedral and its cloister are listed as historic monuments. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0639.jpg
  • Escalier d'Honneur, or staircase of honour, in the centre of the Hotel de la Marine, built 1757-74 by Ange-Jacques Gabriel, 1698-1782, architect to King Louis XV, on the Place de la Concorde, in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France. The banister features the symbol of the Navy, with an anchor and dolphins. The building was made to house the Garde-Meuble de la Couronne, the king's furniture collection, and the apartments of the Intendant of the Garde-Meuble (Pierre-Elisabeth de Fontanieu from 1765, and Marc-Antoine Thierry de Ville d’Avray from 1786). From 1789, the building became the Ministere de la Marine, the navy ministry. It was restored 2017-20 and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0854.jpg
  • Lizard painted on the ceiling, symbol of loyalty representing Jean Cottereau, who owned the castle in the early 16th century, added in the 19th century by the Duke Paul de Noailles and his architect Henri Parent, in the Salon du Roi, or King's Room, where Louis XIV would stay during his visits, in the grands appartements in the round tower, at the Chateau de Maintenon, built 13th - 18th century, and from 1674, residence of Madame de Maintenon, 1635-1719, second wife of King Louis XIV, at Maintenon, Eure-et-Loir, France. The castle is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0247.jpg
  • Reflection of the park in the steel page of the Open Book sculpture, by Diane Mclean, installed 2015, in the Parc Clichy-Batignolles - Martin Luther-King, a new development of parkland and buildings developed since 2007 and set to cover 10 hectares in size, in the Batignolles area of the 17th arrondissement of Paris, France. The sculpture was gifted by Queen Elizabeth II in 2014 as a symbol of friendship between France and Britain. Made from steel, the sculpture invites us to reflect on our history and write our own future. The park has been developed from a large railway freight yard district and is a sustainable development with green space, many natural ecosystems and renewable energy sources. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_PARIS_MC_1363.jpg
  • Thistle, symbol of Scotland, sculptural detail celebrating king James' alliance with England, mainly original but some later Victorian, in James IV’s Great Hall, 1503-13, the chief assembly hall in the castle, on Crown Square, in Edinburgh Castle on Castle Rock, Edinburgh, Scotland. The Great Hall was used as a military barracks in the 17th and 18th centuries and as a military hospital in the 19th century, then restored by Hippolyte Blanc, 1844-1917, to medieval style. The first royal castle built here was under David I in the 12th century, and the site has been built on, attacked and defended ever since. The castle now houses military museums and the National War Museum of Scotland and is run by Historic Scotland. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_SCOTLAND_MC_049.jpg
  • Green man, symbol of fertility similar to one on the royal sceptre, sculptural detail celebrating king James' alliance with England, mainly original but some later Victorian, in James IV’s Great Hall, 1503-13, the chief assembly hall in the castle, on Crown Square, in Edinburgh Castle on Castle Rock, Edinburgh, Scotland. The Great Hall was used as a military barracks in the 17th and 18th centuries and as a military hospital in the 19th century, then restored by Hippolyte Blanc, 1844-1917, to medieval style. The first royal castle built here was under David I in the 12th century, and the site has been built on, attacked and defended ever since. The castle now houses military museums and the National War Museum of Scotland and is run by Historic Scotland. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_SCOTLAND_MC_048.jpg
  • Female bust, symbol of love, sculptural detail celebrating king James' alliance with England, mainly original but some later Victorian, in James IV’s Great Hall, 1503-13, the chief assembly hall in the castle, on Crown Square, in Edinburgh Castle on Castle Rock, Edinburgh, Scotland. The Great Hall was used as a military barracks in the 17th and 18th centuries and as a military hospital in the 19th century, then restored by Hippolyte Blanc, 1844-1917, to medieval style. The first royal castle built here was under David I in the 12th century, and the site has been built on, attacked and defended ever since. The castle now houses military museums and the National War Museum of Scotland and is run by Historic Scotland. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_SCOTLAND_MC_046.jpg
  • Relief of a porcupine with crown and initial L, symbol of Louis XII, on the secondary staircase of the North facade, between the Louis XII wing and the Grande Salle des Etats Generaux, at the Chateau Royal de Blois, built 13th - 17th century in Blois in the Loire Valley, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France. The chateau has 564 rooms and 75 staircases and is listed as a historic monument and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0907.jpg
  • Mullioned stained glass window, 15th century, with additional panel made 1861-66 by Felix Duban featuring an ermine, symbol of Anne of Brittany, wife of Louis XII, in the Salle des Etats Generaux, or Estates General Room, built in 1214 in Gothic style under Thibaut VI, Count of Blois-Champagne, in the Chateau Royal de Blois, built 13th - 17th century in Blois in the Loire Valley, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France. The large hall is covered by a wooden frame forming 2 naves, supported by 6 arches on 5 columns. In 1861-66 Felix Duban restored the room in Neo-Gothic style, painting the vaulted ceiling with a fleur de lys design. The hall is named after the 2 Estates General of Blois in 1576 and 1588, called by Henri III. The chateau has 564 rooms and 75 staircases and is listed as a historic monument and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0909.jpg
  • Mullioned stained glass window, 15th century, with additional panel made 1861-66 by Felix Duban featuring a porcupine, symbol of Louis XII, in the Salle des Etats Generaux, or Estates General Room, built in 1214 in Gothic style under Thibaut VI, Count of Blois-Champagne, in the Chateau Royal de Blois, built 13th - 17th century in Blois in the Loire Valley, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France. The large hall is covered by a wooden frame forming 2 naves, supported by 6 arches on 5 columns. In 1861-66 Felix Duban restored the room in Neo-Gothic style, painting the vaulted ceiling with a fleur de lys design. The hall is named after the 2 Estates General of Blois in 1576 and 1588, called by Henri III. The chateau has 564 rooms and 75 staircases and is listed as a historic monument and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0908.jpg
  • Salamander breathing fire, detail, symbol of Francois I, casting after an original or a model by Felix Duban, created during his restoration project of 1845, in the Francois I wing, built early 16th century in Italian Renaissance style, at the Chateau Royal de Blois, built 13th - 17th century in Blois in the Loire Valley, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France. The chateau has 564 rooms and 75 staircases and is listed as a historic monument and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0904.jpg
  • Salamander breathing flames with a crown, symbol of Francois I, over a door in the Salle du Roi, or King's Hall, used by Francois I for meals and audiences, on the first floor of the Francois I wing, built early 16th century in Italian Renaissance style, at the Chateau Royal de Blois, built 13th - 17th century in Blois in the Loire Valley, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France. The hand-painted wallpaper, tiled floor and painted ceiling, were restored by Felix Duban in 1861-66. The chateau has 564 rooms and 75 staircases and is listed as a historic monument and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0886.jpg
  • Salamander breathing fire, symbol of Francois I, with crown, in a wreath held by putti, on the fireplace in the Salle du Roi, or King's Hall, used by Francois I for meals and audiences, on the first floor of the Francois I wing, built early 16th century in Italian Renaissance style, at the Chateau Royal de Blois, built 13th - 17th century in Blois in the Loire Valley, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France. The hand-painted wallpaper, tiled floor and painted ceiling, were restored by Felix Duban in 1861-66. The chateau has 564 rooms and 75 staircases and is listed as a historic monument and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0883.jpg
  • Crowned salamander, symbol of Francois I, painted detail on the roof beams of the Salle du Roi, or King's Hall, used by Francois I for meals and audiences, on the first floor of the Francois I wing, built early 16th century in Italian Renaissance style, at the Chateau Royal de Blois, built 13th - 17th century in Blois in the Loire Valley, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France. The hand-painted wallpaper, tiled floor and painted ceiling, were restored by Felix Duban in 1861-66. The chateau has 564 rooms and 75 staircases and is listed as a historic monument and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0878.jpg
  • Salamander breathing fire, symbol of Francois I, casting after an original or a model by Felix Duban, created during his restoration project of 1845, in the Francois I wing, built early 16th century in Italian Renaissance style, at the Chateau Royal de Blois, built 13th - 17th century in Blois in the Loire Valley, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France. The chateau has 564 rooms and 75 staircases and is listed as a historic monument and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0874.jpg
  • Crowned salamander, symbol of Francois I, in silver, tinted ebony and 18 carat gold, by Goudji, French sculptor and goldsmith, b. 1941, gifted by the artist in 2007, in the Chateau Royal de Blois, built 13th - 17th century in Blois in the Loire Valley, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France. The chateau has 564 rooms and 75 staircases and is listed as a historic monument and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0875.jpg
  • Salamander breathing fire, symbol of Francois I, casting after an original or a model by Felix Duban, created during his restoration project of 1845, in the Francois I wing, built early 16th century in Italian Renaissance style, at the Chateau Royal de Blois, built 13th - 17th century in Blois in the Loire Valley, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France. The chateau has 564 rooms and 75 staircases and is listed as a historic monument and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0872.jpg
  • Salamander breathing fire, symbol of Francois I, casting after an original or a model by Felix Duban, created during his restoration project of 1845, in the Francois I wing, built early 16th century in Italian Renaissance style, at the Chateau Royal de Blois, built 13th - 17th century in Blois in the Loire Valley, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France. The chateau has 564 rooms and 75 staircases and is listed as a historic monument and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0873.jpg
  • Salamander breathing fire, detail, symbol of Francois I, casting after an original or a model by Felix Duban, created during his restoration project of 1845, in the Francois I wing, built early 16th century in Italian Renaissance style, at the Chateau Royal de Blois, built 13th - 17th century in Blois in the Loire Valley, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France. The chateau has 564 rooms and 75 staircases and is listed as a historic monument and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0871.jpg
  • Salamander breathing fire, symbol of Francois I, casting after an original or a model by Felix Duban, created during his restoration project of 1845, in the Francois I wing, built early 16th century in Italian Renaissance style, at the Chateau Royal de Blois, built 13th - 17th century in Blois in the Loire Valley, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France. The chateau has 564 rooms and 75 staircases and is listed as a historic monument and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0870.jpg
  • Mullioned stained glass window, 15th century, with additional panel made 1861-66 by Felix Duban featuring a porcupine, symbol of Louis XII, in the Salle des Etats Generaux, or Estates General Room, built in 1214 in Gothic style under Thibaut VI, Count of Blois-Champagne, in the Chateau Royal de Blois, built 13th - 17th century in Blois in the Loire Valley, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France. The large hall is covered by a wooden frame forming 2 naves, supported by 6 arches on 5 columns. In 1861-66 Felix Duban restored the room in Neo-Gothic style, painting the vaulted ceiling with a fleur de lys design. The hall is named after the 2 Estates General of Blois in 1576 and 1588, called by Henri III. The chateau has 564 rooms and 75 staircases and is listed as a historic monument and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0844.jpg
  • Collections of the Musee des Beaux-Arts de la Ville de Blois, housed since 1869 on the first floor of the Louis XII wing of the Chateau Royal de Blois, built 13th - 17th century in Blois in the Loire Valley, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France. The museum originally opened in 1850 in the Francois I wing, but moved here in 1869 after the rooms had been restored by Felix Duban in 1861-66. The porcupine relief on the chimney breast is the symbol of Louis XII. The chateau has 564 rooms and 75 staircases and is listed as a historic monument and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0839.jpg
  • Salamander breathing fire with crown, symbol of Francois I, on the fireplace in the Salle du Conseil or Council Room, the site of the assassination of the Duc de Guise in 1588, on the second floor of the Francois I wing, built early 16th century in Italian Renaissance style, at the Chateau Royal de Blois, built 13th - 17th century in Blois in the Loire Valley, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France. The murder is retold in several 19th century paintings hung in the room. The chateau has 564 rooms and 75 staircases and is listed as a historic monument and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0813.jpg
  • Stone capital known as the Palmito, carved with a 7-branched palm frond, a Jewish symbol representing the menorah, 13th-14th century, in the Sinagoga del Agua, or Water Synagogue, Ubeda, Jaen, Andalusia, Spain. This recently discovered building is thought to be an 11th - 14th century synagogue, with yard, cellar, balcony, living room and mikveh, or Jewish ritual purification bath, fed by 7 connecting wells. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Arco de Pavones, or Peacock's Arch, which separates the Salon del Techo de Felipe II, or Philip II Ceiling Room, from the Salon de Embajadores, or Hall of Ambassadors, in the Mudejar Palace, or Palacio del Rey Don Pedro, built by Pedro I of Castile, 1334-1369, in 1364, in the Real Alcazar, a Moorish royal palace in Seville, Andalusia, Spain. The wall is carved with peacocks (symbol of permanence, immortality and monarchy) and hundreds of other birds in blue and gold decorative plasterwork, with a large arch and within, 3 horseshoe arches separated by columns. The Alcazar was first founded as a fort in 913, then developed as a palace in the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries and used by both Muslim and Christian rulers. The Alcazar is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_SPAIN_MC017.jpg
  • Decorative plasterwork from the Arco de Pavones, or Peacock's Arch, which separates the Salon del Techo de Felipe II, or Philip II Ceiling Room, from the Salon de Embajadores, or Hall of Ambassadors, in the Mudejar Palace, or Palacio del Rey Don Pedro, built by Pedro I of Castile, 1334-1369, in 1364, in the Real Alcazar, a Moorish royal palace in Seville, Andalusia, Spain. The wall is carved with peacocks (symbol of permanence, immortality and monarchy) and hundreds of other birds in blue and gold decorative plasterwork, with a large arch and within, 3 horseshoe arches separated by columns. The Alcazar was first founded as a fort in 913, then developed as a palace in the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries and used by both Muslim and Christian rulers. The Alcazar is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_SPAIN_MC012.jpg
  • Decorative plasterwork from the Arco de Pavones, or Peacock's Arch, which separates the Salon del Techo de Felipe II, or Philip II Ceiling Room, from the Salon de Embajadores, or Hall of Ambassadors, in the Mudejar Palace, or Palacio del Rey Don Pedro, built by Pedro I of Castile, 1334-1369, in 1364, in the Real Alcazar, a Moorish royal palace in Seville, Andalusia, Spain. The wall is carved with peacocks (symbol of permanence, immortality and monarchy) and hundreds of other birds in blue and gold decorative plasterwork, with a large arch and within, 3 horseshoe arches separated by columns. The Alcazar was first founded as a fort in 913, then developed as a palace in the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries and used by both Muslim and Christian rulers. The Alcazar is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_SPAIN_MC011.jpg
  • Angels holding phylacteries on a starry sky, painted on the ceiling of the chapel, c. 1450, by an unknown artist, possibly Jacob de Littemont and Henri Mullein who worked for the Coeur family, uncovered in the 19th century and restored by Alexandre Denuelle in 1869, in the Palais Jacques Coeur, huge manor house built 1443-51 in Flamboyant Gothic style, on the Place Jacques Coeur, Bourges, France. The angels hold phylacteries with verses of the mysteries of the Virgin Mary. Fulcanelli stated that Jacques Coeur was an alchemist and the Virgin is a traditional hermetic symbol. Jacques Coeur, 1395-1456, was a wealthy merchant and was made master of the mint to King Charles VII in 1438. The building is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0298.jpg
  • Sculpted detail of an angel holding a coat of arms with 3 crescent moons, in the chapel of the Palais Jacques Coeur, huge manor house built 1443-51 in Flamboyant Gothic style, on the Place Jacques Coeur, Bourges, France. Fulcanelli stated that Jacques Coeur was an alchemist and the moon in its various phases is a common hermetic symbol. Jacques Coeur, 1395-1456, was a wealthy merchant and was made master of the mint to King Charles VII in 1438. The building is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0296.jpg
  • Decorative gilded bosse in the form of an angel, and angels holding phylacteries on a starry sky, painted on the ceiling of the chapel, c. 1450, with cross vaults, by an unknown artist, possibly Jacob de Littemont and Henri Mullein who worked for the Coeur family, uncovered in the 19th century and restored by Alexandre Denuelle in 1869, in the Palais Jacques Coeur, huge manor house built 1443-51 in Flamboyant Gothic style, on the Place Jacques Coeur, Bourges, France. The angels hold phylacteries with verses of the mysteries of the Virgin Mary. Fulcanelli stated that Jacques Coeur was an alchemist and the Virgin is a traditional hermetic symbol. Jacques Coeur, 1395-1456, was a wealthy merchant and was made master of the mint to King Charles VII in 1438. The building is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0256.jpg
  • Detail of human figure as column support, holding a shell (a coquille Saint-Jacques), symbol of the name Jacques Coeur, from the monumental fireplace, destroyed in 1820 and reassembled in the 1930s, in the Salle des Festins or Hall of Feasts, in the Palais Jacques Coeur, huge manor house built 1443-51 in Flamboyant Gothic style, on the Place Jacques Coeur, Bourges, France. Jacques Coeur, 1395-1456, was a wealthy merchant and was made master of the mint to King Charles VII in 1438. The building is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0244.jpg
  • Symbol of justice, detail from the painted ceiling, 17th century, by Francisco F de Araujo, in the Sao Miguel Chapel, or St Michael's Chapel, designed in Manueline style 1517-22 by Marco Pires and completed by Diogo de Castilho, on the site of a 12th century chapel in the University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. The chapel was renovated in the 17th and 18th centuries, with pulpit built by Manuel Ramos in 1684, tiled floor added 1613, Baroque organ with 2,000 pipes built 1733 by Fray Manuel de Sao Bento, chinoiserie painting by Gabriel Ferreira da Cunha in 1737, and Mannerist altarpiece designed by Bernardo Coelho in 1605 and made by sculptor Simon Mota, with paintings by Simon Rodrigues and Domingos Vieira Serrao. The University of Coimbra was first founded in 1290 and moved to Coimbra in 1308 and to the royal palace in 1537. The building is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Il Leone de San Marco, or The Lion of St Mark, Renaissance painting by Cima da Conegliano, 1459-1517, in the Gallerie dell’Accademia, Venice, Italy. The winged lion, symbol of the evangelist who is also patron saint of Venice, has a paw on the gospels, and is flanked by (left-right) St John the Baptist with a lamb and book, St John the Evangelist with his gospel, Mary Magdalene with her jar of ointment and St Jerome studying the scriptures. The painting is from the Palazzo Camerlenghi, by the Rialto Bridge, and was originally thought to be by Giovanni Buonsiglio. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Decorative tiled ceiling of the internal galleries linking parts of the Administration Pavilion, built 1905-10, with the symbol of Catalonia, with floral and botanical motifs, at the Hospital de Sant Pau, or Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, built 1902-30, designed by Catalan Modernist architect Lluis Domenech i Montaner, 1850-1923, in El Guinardo, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The original medieval hospital of 1401 was replaced with this complex in the 20th century thanks to capital provided in the will of Pau Gil. The hospital consists of 27 pavilions surrounded by gardens and linked by tunnels, using the Modernist Art Nouveau style with great attention to detail. On the death of the architect, his son Pere Domenech i Roura took over the project. The complex was listed in 1997 as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Fresco of the symbols of the god Jupiter, including an eagle and thunderbolt, in a cubiculum, or small closed room off the front hall of the Casa dell Efebo, or House of the Ephebus, Pompeii, Italy. This is a large, sumptuously decorated house probably owned by a rich family, and named after the statue of the Ephebus found here. Pompeii is a Roman town which was destroyed and buried under 4-6 m of volcanic ash in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. Buildings and artefacts were preserved in the ash and have been excavated and restored. Pompeii is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ITALY_MC_0215.jpg
  • Sculptural detail of a star within a sun with curved rays of gilded lead, symbol of charity, on a Gothic weathervane in the courtyard of Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The buildings, set around an internal courtyard, are in Northern Renaissance and Flamboyant Gothic style, with half-timber galleries, ornate rooftops with Burgundian glazed tiles in geometric patterns and dormer windows. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0128.jpg
  • Conical roof with painted heart symbol on a trulli house, made from dry stone (with no mortar), with white-washed limestone walls and conical roofs, in Alberobello, Bari, Puglia, Southern Italy. The area was first settled in the 16th century, and the feudal lord, Count Acquaviva, encouraged his peasants to build trulli to avoid taxes. Alberobello is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_ITALY_MC143.jpg
  • Detail of a relief of a salamander breathing fire, symbol of King Francois I, on the monumental spiral staircase, 16th century, French School, on the interior South East facade of the Francois I wing, in Renaissance style, at the Chateau Royal de Blois, built 13th - 17th century in Blois in the Loire Valley, Loir-et-Cher, Centre, France. The staircase is covered in bas-relief sculptures and looks onto the courtyard of the chateau. The chateau has 564 rooms and 75 staircases and is listed as a historic monument and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC_1422.jpg
  • Oratory of Anne of Brittany, built c. 1500 in Flamboyant Gothic style, with walls lavishly decorated with Breton ermines and the cord of Saint Francis of Assisi, the symbol of the queen, and a costume of the period, in the 15th century 'new  castle' of the Chateau de Loches in the Royal City of Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Statue of the Virgin, 1979, by Andre Messin Forfert, draped in a European flag as a symbol of peace and reconciliation, at the Chapelle Notre-Dame-de-l'Europe, or Chapel of Our Lady of Europe, a memorial chapel built 1934 by Louis-Alfred Berthemy, on the site of a church in the village of Fleury-devant-Douaumont, Verdun, Meuse, Lorraine, France, which was completely destroyed in the Battle of Verdun in World War One. Prior to the war the village had 400 inhabitants but found itself on the front line, was destroyed and never rebuilt. The chapel is a site of remembrance. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Carved flaming salamander below a crown, symbolising the gratitude of the Beauvais canons towards the liberal monarchy (the salamander being the symbol of King Francois I), from the wooden portal on the South facade of the transept, at the Cathedrale Saint-Pierre de Beauvais or Cathedral of St Peter of Beauvais, an incomplete Gothic Roman Catholic cathedral consecrated in 1272, Beauvais, Oise, Picardy, France. The salamander also represents a link between Beauvais Cathedral and the Chateau de Chambord. The cathedral consists only of a transept built in the 16th century and choir, with apse and 7 polygonal apsidal chapels from the 13th century. It was listed as a historic monument in 1840. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Fleche or spire of Notre Dame de Paris, built c. 1860 under Eugene Viollet le Duc, who was restoring the cathedral, Ile de la Cite, Paris, France. At the bottom are statues of 3 of the 12 apostles and the winged bull symbol of the Evangelist Luke. The cathedral itself was built 1160-1345 and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Property in 1991 as part of the Banks of the Seine. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Paris_MC206.jpg
  • Statues of 3 of the 12 apostles and the winged bull symbol of the Evangelist Luke, at the base of the fleche or spire of Notre Dame de Paris, Ile de la Cite, Paris, France. The spire was built c. 1860 under Eugene Viollet le Duc, who was restoring the cathedral.  The cathedral itself was built 1160-1345 and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Property in 1991 as part of the Banks of the Seine. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Paris_MC205.jpg
  • Olympiastadion, with 2 towers and the Olympic Rings symbol, built by Werner March for the 1936 Summer Olympics, Olympiapark Berlin, Berlin, Germany. The stadium itself was rebuilt and reinaugurated in 2004. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_BERLIN_MC0817.jpg
  • Olympiastadion, with 2 towers and the Olympic Rings symbol, built by Werner March for the 1936 Summer Olympics, Olympiapark Berlin, Berlin, Germany. The stadium itself was rebuilt and reinaugurated in 2004. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_BERLIN_MC0816.jpg
  • Olympiastadion, with 2 towers and the Olympic Rings symbol, built by Werner March for the 1936 Summer Olympics, Olympiapark Berlin, Berlin, Germany. The stadium itself was rebuilt and reinaugurated in 2004. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_BERLIN_MC0788.jpg
  • Olympiastadion, with 2 towers and the Olympic Rings symbol, built by Werner March for the 1936 Summer Olympics, Olympiapark Berlin, Berlin, Germany. The stadium itself was rebuilt and reinaugurated in 2004. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_BERLIN_MC0790.jpg
  • Entrance to the Olympiastadion, with 2 towers and the Olympic Rings symbol, built by Werner March for the 1936 Summer Olympics, Olympiapark Berlin, Berlin, Germany. The stadium itself was rebuilt and reinaugurated in 2004. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_BERLIN_MC0736.jpg
  • Entrance to the Olympiastadion, with 2 towers and the Olympic Rings symbol, built by Werner March for the 1936 Summer Olympics, Olympiapark Berlin, Berlin, Germany. The stadium itself was rebuilt and reinaugurated in 2004. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_BERLIN_MC0739.jpg
  • Carved and painted ceiling of the Chapelle Haute Saint-Saturnin, begun 1540s under Francois I and decorated by Philippe Delorme, with gilded sculpture of a golden salamander in flames, symbol of Francois I, at the Chateau de Fontainebleau, France. The chapel was built with 2 storeys, the upper section for the use of royalty. The Palace of Fontainebleau is one of the largest French royal palaces and was begun in the early 16th century for Francois I. It was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC633.jpg
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