manuel cohen

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  • Handwritten notes for a speech against the Loi Falloux, pages 25 and 26, 1850, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, 2nd arrondissement, Paris, France. In his speech, given to the Assembly on 15th January 1850, Hugo criticises the growing influence of the catholic clergy, which had been granted control of education under the Falloux Law. Hugo calls for a separation of church and state. The Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, or Library of the National Assembly, was created in 1796 and is housed in the Assemblee Nationale at the Palais Bourbon. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0440.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech against the Loi Falloux, pages 22, 23 and 24, 1850, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, 2nd arrondissement, Paris, France. In his speech, given to the Assembly on 15th January 1850, Hugo criticises the growing influence of the catholic clergy, which had been granted control of education under the Falloux Law. Hugo calls for a separation of church and state. The Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, or Library of the National Assembly, was created in 1796 and is housed in the Assemblee Nationale at the Palais Bourbon. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0439.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech against the Loi Falloux, pages 19 and 20, 1850, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, 2nd arrondissement, Paris, France. In his speech, given to the Assembly on 15th January 1850, Hugo criticises the growing influence of the catholic clergy, which had been granted control of education under the Falloux Law. Hugo calls for a separation of church and state. The Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, or Library of the National Assembly, was created in 1796 and is housed in the Assemblee Nationale at the Palais Bourbon. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0437.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech against the Loi Falloux, pages 16, 17 and 18, 1850, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, 2nd arrondissement, Paris, France. In his speech, given to the Assembly on 15th January 1850, Hugo criticises the growing influence of the catholic clergy, which had been granted control of education under the Falloux Law. Hugo calls for a separation of church and state. The Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, or Library of the National Assembly, was created in 1796 and is housed in the Assemblee Nationale at the Palais Bourbon. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0436.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech against the Loi Falloux, pages 14 and 15, 1850, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, 2nd arrondissement, Paris, France. In his speech, given to the Assembly on 15th January 1850, Hugo criticises the growing influence of the catholic clergy, which had been granted control of education under the Falloux Law. Hugo calls for a separation of church and state. The Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, or Library of the National Assembly, was created in 1796 and is housed in the Assemblee Nationale at the Palais Bourbon. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0435.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech against the Loi Falloux, pages 12 and 13, 1850, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, 2nd arrondissement, Paris, France. In his speech, given to the Assembly on 15th January 1850, Hugo criticises the growing influence of the catholic clergy, which had been granted control of education under the Falloux Law. Hugo calls for a separation of church and state. The Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, or Library of the National Assembly, was created in 1796 and is housed in the Assemblee Nationale at the Palais Bourbon. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0434.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech against the Loi Falloux, pages 8 and 9, 1850, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, 2nd arrondissement, Paris, France. In his speech, given to the Assembly on 15th January 1850, Hugo criticises the growing influence of the catholic clergy, which had been granted control of education under the Falloux Law. Hugo calls for a separation of church and state. The Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, or Library of the National Assembly, was created in 1796 and is housed in the Assemblee Nationale at the Palais Bourbon. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0432.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech against the Loi Falloux, pages 10 and 11, 1850, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, 2nd arrondissement, Paris, France. In his speech, given to the Assembly on 15th January 1850, Hugo criticises the growing influence of the catholic clergy, which had been granted control of education under the Falloux Law. Hugo calls for a separation of church and state. The Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, or Library of the National Assembly, was created in 1796 and is housed in the Assemblee Nationale at the Palais Bourbon. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0433.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech against the Loi Falloux, pages 6 and 7, 1850, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, 2nd arrondissement, Paris, France. In his speech, given to the Assembly on 15th January 1850, Hugo criticises the growing influence of the catholic clergy, which had been granted control of education under the Falloux Law. Hugo calls for a separation of church and state. The Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, or Library of the National Assembly, was created in 1796 and is housed in the Assemblee Nationale at the Palais Bourbon. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0431.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech against the Loi Falloux, pages 3 and 4, 1850, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, 2nd arrondissement, Paris, France. In his speech, given to the Assembly on 15th January 1850, Hugo criticises the growing influence of the catholic clergy, which had been granted control of education under the Falloux Law. Hugo calls for a separation of church and state. The Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, or Library of the National Assembly, was created in 1796 and is housed in the Assemblee Nationale at the Palais Bourbon. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0430.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech against the Loi Falloux, page 2, 1850, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, 2nd arrondissement, Paris, France. In his speech, given to the Assembly on 15th January 1850, Hugo criticises the growing influence of the catholic clergy, which had been granted control of education under the Falloux Law. Hugo calls for a separation of church and state. The Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, or Library of the National Assembly, was created in 1796 and is housed in the Assemblee Nationale at the Palais Bourbon. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0428.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech against the Loi Falloux, page 1, 1850, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, 2nd arrondissement, Paris, France. In his speech, given to the Assembly on 15th January 1850, Hugo criticises the growing influence of the catholic clergy, which had been granted control of education under the Falloux Law. Hugo calls for a separation of church and state. The Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, or Library of the National Assembly, was created in 1796 and is housed in the Assemblee Nationale at the Palais Bourbon. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0426.JPG
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 28, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0423.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 30, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0425.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 29, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0424.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 27, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0422.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 26, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0421.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 25, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0420.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 24, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0419.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 23, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0418.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 22, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0417.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 21, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0416.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 20, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0415.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 16 bis, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0413.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 16, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0412.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 17, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0414.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 15, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0411.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 14, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0410.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 12, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0408.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 10 bis, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0406.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 11, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0407.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 9, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0404.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 7, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0402.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 8, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0403.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 6, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0401.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 5, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0400.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 3, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0398.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 4, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0399.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 2 (addition), by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0397.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 2 (addition), by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0396.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 2 bis, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0395.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 2, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0394.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 1, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0393.JPG
  • Signatures of senators, from the handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, detail of covering page, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. This covering page is signed by senators Victor Hugo, A Peyrat, A Esquiros, V Schoelcher, Laurent Pichat, A Scheurer-Kestner and J Errouillat. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0391.JPG
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, covering page, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. This covering page is signed by senators Victor Hugo, A Peyrat, A Esquiros, V Schoelcher, Laurent Pichat, A Scheurer-Kestner and J Errouillat. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0392.JPG
  • Handwritten notes for a speech against the Loi Falloux, pages 27 and 28, 1850, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, 2nd arrondissement, Paris, France. In his speech, given to the Assembly on 15th January 1850, Hugo criticises the growing influence of the catholic clergy, which had been granted control of education under the Falloux Law. Hugo calls for a separation of church and state. The Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, or Library of the National Assembly, was created in 1796 and is housed in the Assemblee Nationale at the Palais Bourbon. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0441.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech against the Loi Falloux, page 21, 1850, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, 2nd arrondissement, Paris, France. In his speech, given to the Assembly on 15th January 1850, Hugo criticises the growing influence of the catholic clergy, which had been granted control of education under the Falloux Law. Hugo calls for a separation of church and state. The Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, or Library of the National Assembly, was created in 1796 and is housed in the Assemblee Nationale at the Palais Bourbon. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0438.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech against the Loi Falloux, page 1, 1850, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, 2nd arrondissement, Paris, France. In his speech, given to the Assembly on 15th January 1850, Hugo criticises the growing influence of the catholic clergy, which had been granted control of education under the Falloux Law. Hugo calls for a separation of church and state. The Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, or Library of the National Assembly, was created in 1796 and is housed in the Assemblee Nationale at the Palais Bourbon. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0427.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech against the Loi Falloux, pages 5 and 6, 1850, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, 2nd arrondissement, Paris, France. In his speech, given to the Assembly on 15th January 1850, Hugo criticises the growing influence of the catholic clergy, which had been granted control of education under the Falloux Law. Hugo calls for a separation of church and state. The Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, or Library of the National Assembly, was created in 1796 and is housed in the Assemblee Nationale at the Palais Bourbon. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0429.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 13, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0409.jpg
  • Handwritten notes for a speech supporting a bill offering amnesty to the communards (participants in the Paris Commune), 1876, page 10, by Victor Hugo, 1802-85, French writer, housed in the Archives du Senat, in the Senate in the Palais du Luxembourg, 6th arrondissement, Paris, France. Hugo was a senator for Seine 1876-85, and gave this speech on 22nd May 1876. Although this bill was not passed, a general amnesty was granted in 1880. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0405.jpg
  • Nikolay Chkheidze, 1864-1926, Georgian Social Democrat politician and president of the Executive Committee of the Soviet of Petrograd, making a speech to riflemen at a barracks during the Russian Revolution, photograph published on the front page of L'Illustration, no.3871, 12th May 1917. Chkheidze was Chairman of the Executive Committee of Workers and Soldiers, leader of the Workers' Party and of the opposition to the Provisional Government. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0337.jpg
  • Heads, possibly from a procession scene, an adventus (arrival) or an adlocutio (speech to the troops), Roman relief fragment, Docimium marble, 1st century AD, from Rome, in the Museo di Antichita, created 1940, housing collections of Greek and Roman antiquities and Turin and Piedmont history, from the House of Savoy, in the Palazzo Reale in Turin, Piedmont, Italy. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DSCF4172.jpg
  • Lamartine Harangue le Peuple, lithograph, 1848, by Victor Adam, 1801-66, in the Musee des Ursulines, an art and archaeology museum housed since 1968 in the former Ursulines convent, built 1675-80, in Macon, Saone-et-Loire, France. The print depicts Alphonse de Lamartine giving a speech to citizens of Paris during the Revolution of 1848. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1618.jpg
  • Dwight 'Ike' Eisenhower records the victory speech on 7th May 1945 at 3.30 am in Reims, photograph, in the Musee de la Reddition, or Surrender Museum, a history museum commemorating the Nazi surrender in 1945 ending WWII, opened in 1985, in Reims, Marne, Grand Est, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1986.jpg
  • Lyon tablet or Claudian tablet, with inscription on bronze of a speech made by emperor Claudius at the Roman Senate in 48 AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0541.jpg
  • Soldiers listening to a speech on the defence of Upper Eygpt by the emperor Diocletian, Roman fresco, restored in 2007, in the Vestibule, c. 301 AD, at Luxor Temple, built c. 1392 BC, under Amenhotep III, 18th dynasty, New Kingdom, and Tutankhamun, Horemheb and Ramesses II, at Thebes, Luxor, Egypt. Diocletian used Luxor temple as a garrison from 301 AD. Thebes is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0573.jpg
  • Alexander Kerensky, appointed Minster for War in the newly formed socialist-liberal coalition government in May 1917, making a speech to soldiers in the battalion of the Smenovsky Guards before leaving for the front, affirming the necessity of a discipline of iron and resuming the offensive to aid French allies, photograph by Karl Bulla, 1855-1929, published in L'Illustration no.3877, 23rd June 1917. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0331.jpg
  • Man with book written in Hebrew with a torn page, representing the tension between Christians and Jews in Catalonia in the 15th century, detail from the panel of the Speech of St Stephen, from the predella of the Retaule de l'Esperit Sant (Retablo del Espiritu Santo), or Altarpiece of the Holy Spirit, 1394, by Pere Serra, a Catalan artist, with 22 scenes and 36 figures of saints, in the Colegiata Basilica de Santa Maria, or Collegiate Basilica of Santa Maria, also known as La Seu, built in Gothic style by Berenguer de Montagut, from 1328 until 1486, around an existing 11th century Romanesque church, Manresa, Catalonia, Spain. The altarpiece was commissioned by the Guild of Tanners and contains scenes of the Holy Spirit and Life of Christ, with a predella originally from a different altarpiece (dedicate to St Anthony and disappeared), with the Lamentation, 1410, by Lluis Borrassa. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_SPAIN_MC071.jpg
  • The Speech of St Stephen, with the saint speaking to people in the Greek language, aided by the holy spirit above, from the predella of the Retaule de l'Esperit Sant (Retablo del Espiritu Santo), or Altarpiece of the Holy Spirit, 1394, by Pere Serra, a Catalan artist, with 22 scenes and 36 figures of saints, in the Colegiata Basilica de Santa Maria, or Collegiate Basilica of Santa Maria, also known as La Seu, built in Gothic style by Berenguer de Montagut, from 1328 until 1486, around an existing 11th century Romanesque church, Manresa, Catalonia, Spain. The altarpiece was commissioned by the Guild of Tanners and contains scenes of the Holy Spirit and Life of Christ, with a predella originally from a different altarpiece (dedicate to St Anthony and disappeared), with the Lamentation, 1410, by Lluis Borrassa. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_SPAIN_MC055.jpg
  • Carved and painted angel holding a speech scroll, in the lantern tower of the Abbatiale Sainte-Foy de Conques or Abbey-church of Saint-Foy, Conques, Aveyron, Midi-Pyrenees, France, a Romanesque abbey church begun 1050 under abbot Odolric to house the remains of St Foy, a 4th century female martyr. The church is on the pilgrimage route to Santiago da Compostela, and is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0696.jpg
  • Fresco of an angel, holding a liturgical phylactery or speech scroll, 1380, attributed to Jan de Bruges, on the vaulted ceiling of the Chapelle de la Vierge or Chapel of the Virgin, in the Cathedrale Saint-Julien du Mans or Cathedral of St Julian of Le Mans, Le Mans, Sarthe, Loire, France. The frescoes were restored in the late 20th century. The cathedral was built from the 6th to the 14th centuries, with both Romanesque and High Gothic elements. It is dedicated to St Julian of Le Mans, the city's first bishop, who established Christianity in the area in the 4th century AD. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0504.jpg
  • The Tchoban Foundation or Museum for Architectural Drawing, designed by SPEECH Tchoban & Kuznetsov and founded by the architect Sergei Tchoban in 2009, opened 2013, Berlin, Germany. The aim of the museum is to promote architectural drawing by hand. It is comprised of 4 storeys resembling piled blocks, with magnified fragments of architectonic sketches in relief, and a glass box on top. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_BERLIN_MC0872.jpg
  • Lyon tablet or Claudian tablet, detail, with inscription on bronze of a speech made by emperor Claudius at the Roman Senate in 48 AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0606.jpg
  • Lyon tablet or Claudian tablet, detail, with inscription on bronze of a speech made by emperor Claudius at the Roman Senate in 48 AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0607.jpg
  • The Speech of St Peter, with Peter explaining his mission to a mixed race of peoples, with the aid of the rays of the holy spirit, from the Retaule de l'Esperit Sant (Retablo del Espiritu Santo), or Altarpiece of the Holy Spirit, 1394, by Pere Serra, a Catalan artist, with 22 scenes and 36 figures of saints, in the Colegiata Basilica de Santa Maria, or Collegiate Basilica of Santa Maria, also known as La Seu, built in Gothic style by Berenguer de Montagut, from 1328 until 1486, around an existing 11th century Romanesque church, Manresa, Catalonia, Spain. The altarpiece was commissioned by the Guild of Tanners and contains scenes of the Holy Spirit and Life of Christ, with a predella originally from a different altarpiece (dedicate to St Anthony and disappeared), with the Lamentation, 1410, by Lluis Borrassa. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_SPAIN_MC059.jpg
  • The Speech of St Stephen, with the saint speaking to people in the Greek language, aided by the holy spirit above, from the predella of the Retaule de l'Esperit Sant (Retablo del Espiritu Santo), or Altarpiece of the Holy Spirit, 1394, by Pere Serra, a Catalan artist, with 22 scenes and 36 figures of saints, in the Colegiata Basilica de Santa Maria, or Collegiate Basilica of Santa Maria, also known as La Seu, built in Gothic style by Berenguer de Montagut, from 1328 until 1486, around an existing 11th century Romanesque church, Manresa, Catalonia, Spain. The altarpiece was commissioned by the Guild of Tanners and contains scenes of the Holy Spirit and Life of Christ, with a predella originally from a different altarpiece (dedicate to St Anthony and disappeared), with the Lamentation, 1410, by Lluis Borrassa. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_SPAIN_MC054.jpg
  • Carved capital with scrolls and a human face in the North transept, and behind, a carved and painted angel holding a speech scroll, in the lantern tower of the Abbatiale Sainte-Foy de Conques or Abbey-church of Saint-Foy, Conques, Aveyron, Midi-Pyrenees, France, a Romanesque abbey church begun 1050 under abbot Odolric to house the remains of St Foy, a 4th century female martyr. The church is on the pilgrimage route to Santiago da Compostela, and is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0753.jpg
  • Stephen makes a speech before the Sanhedrin and sees a vision of the son of God standing next to God in heaven. A beam of light from a cloud shines on his face. Section of the vision of St Stephen, 1220-25, from the Life of St Stephen and transferral of his relics window in the ambulatory of Chartres Cathedral, Eure-et-Loir, France. This window, unusually dominantly red in colour, tells the story of the life of St Stephen, the first Christian martyr, who died c. 36 AD and whose relics are held at Chartres. It is situated in the chapel dedicated to martyrs. Chartres cathedral was built 1194-1250 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. Most of its windows date from 1205-40 although a few earlier 12th century examples are also intact. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC487.jpg
  • Annunciation, oil painting on wood, 15th century, by French School, in the Chapel at the Chateau de Chenonceau, built 1514–22 in late Gothic and early Renaissance style, on the River Cher near Chenonceaux, Indre-et-Loire, France. The chateau is listed as a historic monument and forms part of the Loire Valley UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC23_FRANCE_MC_0209.jpg
  • Old testament prophet, corbel sculpture in Flamboyant Gothic style, in the late 15th century Chapel of Jean de Bourbon, named after an abbot of Cluny, in Cluny Abbey or Abbaye de Cluny, a Romanesque Benedictine monastery founded 910 by duke William I of Aquitaine, in Cluny, Saone et Loire, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. Until the 12th century Cluny abbey was the motherhouse for 1,100 priories and over 10,000 monks around Europe. The abbey is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0355.jpg
  • Old testament prophet, corbel sculpture in Flamboyant Gothic style, in the late 15th century Chapel of Jean de Bourbon, named after an abbot of Cluny, in Cluny Abbey or Abbaye de Cluny, a Romanesque Benedictine monastery founded 910 by duke William I of Aquitaine, in Cluny, Saone et Loire, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. Until the 12th century Cluny abbey was the motherhouse for 1,100 priories and over 10,000 monks around Europe. The abbey is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0357.jpg
  • Old testament prophet, corbel sculpture in Flamboyant Gothic style, in the late 15th century Chapel of Jean de Bourbon, named after an abbot of Cluny, in Cluny Abbey or Abbaye de Cluny, a Romanesque Benedictine monastery founded 910 by duke William I of Aquitaine, in Cluny, Saone et Loire, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. Until the 12th century Cluny abbey was the motherhouse for 1,100 priories and over 10,000 monks around Europe. The abbey is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0358.jpg
  • Entry of Christ into Jerusalem, detail from the Vitrail de la Passion, or Passion Window, stained glass window, c. 1490, in the Eglise de la Madeleine, built 13th, 16th and 17th century in Gothic style, in Troyes, Champagne, Aube, Grand Est, France. The church is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0005.jpg
  • Agony in the Garden of Olives, detail from the Vitrail de la Passion, or Passion Window, stained glass window, c. 1490, in the Eglise de la Madeleine, built 13th, 16th and 17th century in Gothic style, in Troyes, Champagne, Aube, Grand Est, France. The church is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0008.jpg
  • St Catherine, from scene of Catherine Boucherat, wife of Nicolas le Muet, donor of the window, and her daughters, presented by St Catherine, detail from the Vitrail de la Passion, or Passion Window, stained glass window, c. 1490, in the Eglise de la Madeleine, built 13th, 16th and 17th century in Gothic style, in Troyes, Champagne, Aube, Grand Est, France. The church is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0009.jpg
  • Outraged Christ, with Jesus beaten and spat at by soldiers, detail from the Vitrail de la Passion, or Passion Window, stained glass window, c. 1490, in the Eglise de la Madeleine, built 13th, 16th and 17th century in Gothic style, in Troyes, Champagne, Aube, Grand Est, France. The church is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0012.jpg
  • Nicolas le Muet, donor of the window, and his son, presented by St Nicolas, detail from the Vitrail de la Passion, or Passion Window, stained glass window, c. 1490, in the Eglise de la Madeleine, built 13th, 16th and 17th century in Gothic style, in Troyes, Champagne, Aube, Grand Est, France. The church is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0031.jpg
  • Catherine Boucherat, wife of Nicolas le Muet, donor of the window, and her daughters, presented by St Catherine, detail from the Vitrail de la Passion, or Passion Window, stained glass window, c. 1490, in the Eglise de la Madeleine, built 13th, 16th and 17th century in Gothic style, in Troyes, Champagne, Aube, Grand Est, France. The church is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0032.jpg
  • Imperial Party, satirical political cartoon print of clashes between French, Prussians, Russians and Austrians, in the Musee Napoleon at Brienne-le-Chateau, Aube, Grand Est, France. The museum is in the former Royal Military School where Napoleon trained. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1488.jpg
  • Burial of St Cosmas and St Damian, detail from the predella of the Pala de San Marco, or San Marco Altarpiece, tempera painting on wood, c. 1438-40, by Fra Angelico, 1395-1455, in the Dominican Convent of St Mark, now the Museo Nazionale di San Marco, in Florence, Tuscany, Italy. The original convent was rebuilt 1437-52 for Cosimo I de Medici by Michelozzo di Bartolomeo Michelozzi, 1396-1472, in Renaissance style. The interior walls were painted 1439-44 with frescoes by Fra Angelico and his assistants. The convent is part of the Florence UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_ITALY_MC_297.jpg
  • Ecce Homo, fresco in a radiating chapel off the ambulatory, in the Cathedrale Saint-Mammes de Langres, or Langres Cathedral, built 1150-96 in Romanesque and Gothic styles, in Langres, Haute-Marne, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1127.jpg
  • Annunciation, by Master of La Seu d'Urgell, late c. 1495, Gothic, oil painting with stucco relief and gold leaf on wood, in the Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya, in the Palau Nacional on Montjuic Hill, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_SPAIN_MC_0575.jpg
  • Annunciation, 1510-25, by Joan de Borgonya, active 1496-1525, oil painting on wood, Renaissance, in the Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya, in the Palau Nacional on Montjuic Hill, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_SPAIN_MC_0572.jpg
  • Retable de la Trinite or Trinity altarpiece, 1489, paintings on wood, by Maitre de la Loge de Mer, in the Gothic Perpignan exhibition in the Musee d'Art Hyacinthe Rigaud, an art gallery housed in the Hotel de Lazerme, a private mansion built in the 18th century by the marquis Etienne de Blanes and bought in 1827 by Joseph de Lazerme, and the Hotel de Mailly, on the Rue de l'Age, Perpignan, Pyrenees-Orientales, Catalogne du Nord, France. The altarpiece was originally from the Chapelle de la Loge de Mer in Perpignan. The painting represents the commercial power of the city, with the Trinity in a dazzling mandorla surrounded by 12 biblical characters with phylacteries praising justice rendered by the sea consuls. The museum was renovated and reopened in 2017 and houses 3 exhibitions: Gothic Perpignan, Baroque Perpignan and Modern Perpignan, including works by local artists Hyacinthe Rigaud and Aristide Maillol. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_1342.jpg
  • Retable de la Trinite or Trinity altarpiece, 1489, paintings on wood, by Maitre de la Loge de Mer, in the Gothic Perpignan exhibition in the Musee d'Art Hyacinthe Rigaud, an art gallery housed in the Hotel de Lazerme, a private mansion built in the 18th century by the marquis Etienne de Blanes and bought in 1827 by Joseph de Lazerme, and the Hotel de Mailly, on the Rue de l'Age, Perpignan, Pyrenees-Orientales, Catalogne du Nord, France. The altarpiece was originally from the Chapelle de la Loge de Mer in Perpignan. The painting represents the commercial power of the city, with the Trinity in a dazzling mandorla surrounded by 12 biblical characters with phylacteries praising justice rendered by the sea consuls. The museum was renovated and reopened in 2017 and houses 3 exhibitions: Gothic Perpignan, Baroque Perpignan and Modern Perpignan, including works by local artists Hyacinthe Rigaud and Aristide Maillol. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_1341.jpg
  • Job, old testament prophet, detail from the border with prophets and sibyls with phylacteries predicting the death and resurrection of the Christ, detail from Crucifixion with Saints, Renaissance fresco, 1441-42, by Fra Angelico, 1395-1455, from the North tympanum opposite the chapter house entrance in the Convento San Marco, now the Museo di San Marco, in Florence, Tuscany, Italy. The painting depicts the crucifixion of Jesus and the 2 thieves, with saints in mourning, and beneath, medallion portraits of Dominican saints, painted by Benozzo Gozzoli, Fra Angelico's assistant. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_713.jpg
  • Sybil Eritrea, classical prophetess, detail from the border with prophets and sibyls with phylacteries predicting the death and resurrection of the Christ, detail from Crucifixion with Saints, Renaissance fresco, 1441-42, by Fra Angelico, 1395-1455, from the North tympanum opposite the chapter house entrance in the Convento San Marco, now the Museo di San Marco, in Florence, Tuscany, Italy. The painting depicts the crucifixion of Jesus and the 2 thieves, with saints in mourning, and beneath, medallion portraits of Dominican saints, painted by Benozzo Gozzoli, Fra Angelico's assistant. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_712.jpg
  • Carved wooden door with man holding phylactery and Gothic details, detail, in the Salle de Bal or Ballroom, now housing a permanent exhibition on Exchanges and Economic Actors, but which originally housed Emilie Gaillard’s collection of medieval art and a 15th century fireplace with reliefs of mourners, in Citeco, Musee de l’Economie, a new interactive museum on the economy, opened June 2019, in the Hotel Gaillard, on the Place du General Catroux, in the 17th arrondissement of Paris, France. The Hotel Gaillard was built 1878-82 by architect Jules Fevrier in Neo Renaissance style for the banker Emile Gaillard, and later became a branch of the Banque de France, when this large room was fitted with art deco counters designed by the Maison Jansen. Later, it became an office used for meetings or training courses and as a reception room. The building is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_PARIS_MC_0902.jpg
  • Carved wooden door with man holding phylactery and Gothic details, in the Salle de Bal or Ballroom, now housing a permanent exhibition on Exchanges and Economic Actors, but which originally housed Emilie Gaillard’s collection of medieval art and a 15th century fireplace with reliefs of mourners, in Citeco, Musee de l’Economie, a new interactive museum on the economy, opened June 2019, in the Hotel Gaillard, on the Place du General Catroux, in the 17th arrondissement of Paris, France. The Hotel Gaillard was built 1878-82 by architect Jules Fevrier in Neo Renaissance style for the banker Emile Gaillard, and later became a branch of the Banque de France, when this large room was fitted with art deco counters designed by the Maison Jansen. Later, it became an office used for meetings or training courses and as a reception room. The building is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_PARIS_MC_0900.jpg
  • King David, patriarch and prophet, high relief in plaster, 1858, by J Devers, in the North transept of the Eglise Saint-Eustache or Church of St Eustache, built 1532-1632 at Les Halles, in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_PARIS_MC_0004.jpg
  • Naked man holding a phylactery with the words God Save the King, on the King's fountain, built 1537, in the inner courtyard of Linlithgow Palace, built 15th century under king James I, and rebuilt 1618-22 by king James VI, a royal palace and residence for Scottish monarchs, in West Lothian, Scotland. The fountain was commissioned by James V and is the oldest fountain in Britain. It was restored in 2005. Mary Queen of Scots was born here. The palace was a resting place for Stuart royalty travelling between Edinburgh and Stirling. The Renaissance style palace was burned in 1746 and has since been restored and is now run by Historic Environment Scotland. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_SCOTLAND_MC_084.jpg
  • Cicero accusing Verres, detail of a painting representing eloquence by Eugene Delacroix in the Bibliotheque de l'Assemblee Nationale, or Library of the National Assembly, created in 1796 and housed in the Assemblee Nationale at the Palais Bourbon, 2nd arrondissement, Paris, France. The 42m long library houses over 60,000 works and was decorated 1838-47 with a series of paintings by Romantic artist Eugene Delacroix, 1798-1863, who painted 5 cupolas and 2 hemicycles with allegories of philosophy, natural history, legislation, eloquence, literature, poetry and theology. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0584.JPG
  • Christ in Majesty with stigmata, with apostles, angels and the dead emerging from their tombs below, relief on the tympanum of the central portal of the West facade, made 1135 and restored in 1839, at the Basilique Saint-Denis, Paris, France. The basilica is a large medieval 12th century Gothic abbey church and burial site of French kings from 10th - 18th centuries. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0371.jpg
  • Six apostles and an angel with a trumpet, detail, from the Christ in Majesty relief on the tympanum of the central portal of the West facade, made 1135 and restored in 1839, at the Basilique Saint-Denis, Paris, France. The basilica is a large medieval 12th century Gothic abbey church and burial site of French kings from 10th - 18th centuries. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0365.jpg
  • Nativity, and Alleluia written on a phylactery, detail from the main stained glass window or maitresse-vitre of the chevet, made 1280-90 and restored in the 17th, 19th and 20th centuries, in the Cathedral Saint-Samson, begun in the 13th century on the site of an older church and completed in the 18th century, in Dol-de-Bretagne, Brittany, France. The window consists of 8 lancets depicting the lives of saints who have relics in the cathedral, and a tympanum of glass depicting the Last Judgement. The cathedral is dedicated to one of the founding saints of Brittany and until 1801 was the seat of the archbishopric of Dol. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0029.jpg
  • Priests discussing, and angel holding a phylactery, detail from the main stained glass window or maitresse-vitre of the chevet, made 1280-90 and restored in the 17th, 19th and 20th centuries, in the Cathedral Saint-Samson, begun in the 13th century on the site of an older church and completed in the 18th century, in Dol-de-Bretagne, Brittany, France. The window consists of 8 lancets depicting the lives of saints who have relics in the cathedral, and a tympanum of glass depicting the Last Judgement. The cathedral is dedicated to one of the founding saints of Brittany and until 1801 was the seat of the archbishopric of Dol. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0026.jpg
  • Annunciation, with the Archangel Gabriel telling Mary she will have the son of God, from the Life of the Virgin, on the Altarpiece of the Constable or Epiphany Altarpiece, 1464-65, by Jaume Huguet, c. 1412-92, tempera on panel, in Gothic style, commissioned by Don Pedro of Portugal, in the Royal Chapel of Santa Agatha in the Palacio Real Mayor in Barcelona, Spain. The central panel is the most important and depicts the Adoration of the Magi. The side and top panels depict the Life of the Virgin and Jesus Christ, and Saints are portrayed at the bottom. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_SPAIN_MC359.jpg
  • Effigy and tomb of Duke Jean de Berry, 1340-1416, built 1422-38 by Jean de Cambrai, in the Gothic crypt, built c. 1200, in Bourges Cathedral or the Cathedrale Saint-Etienne de Bourges, built 1195-1230 in French Gothic style and consecrated in 1324, in Bourges, Centre-Val de Loire, France. The Duke is wearing an ermine robe and holding a phylactery, laid on a marble table with his feet resting on a sleeping bear, symbolising strength. The cathedral is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0169.jpg
  • Effigy and tomb of Duke Jean de Berry, 1340-1416, built 1422-38 by Jean de Cambrai, in the Gothic crypt, built c. 1200, in Bourges Cathedral or the Cathedrale Saint-Etienne de Bourges, built 1195-1230 in French Gothic style and consecrated in 1324, in Bourges, Centre-Val de Loire, France. The Duke is wearing an ermine robe and holding a phylactery, laid on a marble table with his feet resting on a sleeping bear, symbolising strength. The cathedral is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0168.jpg
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