manuel cohen

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  • Buildings behind the ramparts beside the Plage du Mole, in the walled city of Saint-Malo, on the coast of Brittany, North West France. The earliest sections of the ramparts were built in the 12th century by the bishop of Aleth, Jean de la Grille. The city was rebuilt 1948-60 after being largely destroyed during World War Two. It is a port which has traditionally been home to the corsairs, French privateers and sometimes pirates, and is heavily fortified with ramparts, a castle, fort and fortified tidal islands. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0714.jpg
  • Ramparts of the walled city of Saint-Malo, and the Plage de l'Eventail, on the coast of Brittany, North West France. The earliest sections of the ramparts were built in the 12th century by the bishop of Aleth, Jean de la Grille. The city was rebuilt 1948-60 after being largely destroyed during World War Two. It is a port which has traditionally been home to the corsairs, French privateers and sometimes pirates, and is heavily fortified with ramparts, a castle, fort and fortified tidal islands. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0699.jpg
  • Walkway along the ramparts beside the Plage du Mole, in the walled city of Saint-Malo, on the coast of Brittany, North West France. The earliest sections of the ramparts were built in the 12th century by the bishop of Aleth, Jean de la Grille. The city was rebuilt 1948-60 after being largely destroyed during World War Two. It is a port which has traditionally been home to the corsairs, French privateers and sometimes pirates, and is heavily fortified with ramparts, a castle, fort and fortified tidal islands. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0715.jpg
  • Walkway along the ramparts beside the Quai Saint Louis, in the walled city of Saint-Malo, on the coast of Brittany, North West France. The earliest sections of the ramparts were built in the 12th century by the bishop of Aleth, Jean de la Grille. The city was rebuilt 1948-60 after being largely destroyed during World War Two. It is a port which has traditionally been home to the corsairs, French privateers and sometimes pirates, and is heavily fortified with ramparts, a castle, fort and fortified tidal islands. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0713.jpg
  • Ramparts, and on the right, the Porte Saint Vincent, a city gate built in 1708, in the walled city of Saint-Malo, on the coast of Brittany, North West France. The 2 escutcheons carved on the gate depict the coat of arms of the City (portcullis and ermine of the Dukes of Brittany) and of the Duchy of Brittany. The city itself was rebuilt 1948-60 after being largely destroyed during World War Two. It is a port which has traditionally been home to the corsairs, French privateers and sometimes pirates, and is heavily fortified with ramparts, a castle, fort and fortified tidal islands. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0712.jpg
  • Western ramparts of Ambrussum, aerial view, in Languedoc-Roussillon, France. Ambrussum was a Celtic Iron Age settlement founded 4th century BC, which grew under the Romans from the 2nd century BC. The ramparts surrounding the town, excavated in 1835, were built in the 4th and 3rd centuries BC and restored in the 2nd century BC. The site is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC21_FRANCE_MC_1389.jpg
  • Western ramparts of Ambrussum, in Languedoc-Roussillon, France. Ambrussum was a Celtic Iron Age settlement founded 4th century BC, which grew under the Romans from the 2nd century BC. The ramparts surrounding the town, excavated in 1835, were built in the 4th and 3rd centuries BC and restored in the 2nd century BC. The site is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1378.jpg
  • The Fort National at high tide, designed by Vauban, 1633-1707, and built 1689-93 on the L'Ilette tidal island to defend the port of the walled city of Saint-Malo, on the coast of Brittany, North West France, seen from the city's ramparts. The city was rebuilt 1948-60 after being largely destroyed during World War Two. It is a port which has traditionally been home to the corsairs, French privateers and sometimes pirates, and is heavily fortified with ramparts, a castle, fort and fortified tidal islands. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0716.jpg
  • Ramparts of the walled city of Saint-Malo at the Plage du Mole, and on the left, the Petit Be, a tidal island housing a fort, on the coast of Brittany, North West France. The city was rebuilt 1948-60 after being largely destroyed during World War Two. It is a port which has traditionally been home to the corsairs, French privateers and sometimes pirates, and is heavily fortified with ramparts, a castle, fort and fortified tidal islands. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0702.jpg
  • Western ramparts of Ambrussum, in Languedoc-Roussillon, France. Ambrussum was a Celtic Iron Age settlement founded 4th century BC, which grew under the Romans from the 2nd century BC. The ramparts surrounding the town, excavated in 1835, were built in the 4th and 3rd centuries BC and restored in the 2nd century BC. The site is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1377.jpg
  • Western ramparts of Ambrussum, aerial view, in Languedoc-Roussillon, France. Ambrussum was a Celtic Iron Age settlement founded 4th century BC, which grew under the Romans from the 2nd century BC. The ramparts surrounding the town, excavated in 1835, were built in the 4th and 3rd centuries BC and restored in the 2nd century BC. The site is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC21_FRANCE_MC_1388.jpg
  • Western ramparts of Ambrussum, aerial view, in Languedoc-Roussillon, France. Ambrussum was a Celtic Iron Age settlement founded 4th century BC, which grew under the Romans from the 2nd century BC. The ramparts surrounding the town, excavated in 1835, were built in the 4th and 3rd centuries BC and restored in the 2nd century BC. The site is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC21_FRANCE_MC_1391.jpg
  • Western ramparts of Ambrussum, aerial view, in Languedoc-Roussillon, France. Ambrussum was a Celtic Iron Age settlement founded 4th century BC, which grew under the Romans from the 2nd century BC. The ramparts surrounding the town, excavated in 1835, were built in the 4th and 3rd centuries BC and restored in the 2nd century BC. The site is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC21_FRANCE_MC_1390.jpg
  • Ramparts and the Tour du Tresor or Treasury tower, 13th century, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC219.jpg
  • Ramparts and the Tour du Tresor or Treasury tower, 13th century, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC218.jpg
  • Ramparts and the Tour du Tresor or Treasury tower, 13th century, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC228.jpg
  • The Eastern ramparts of the medieval walled city, Dubrovnik, Croatia. The city developed as an important port in the 15th and 16th centuries and has had a multicultural history, allied to the Romans, Ostrogoths, Byzantines, Ancona, Hungary and the Ottomans. In 1979 the city was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_DUBROVNIK_MC091.jpg
  • Crenellated ramparts of the first enclosure, and behind, the towers and statue of the Sacred Heart of Jesus on the San Cristobal Hill or Monte Laham, in the Alcazaba, a 10th century fortified enclosure and royal residence in Almeria, Andalusia, Southern Spain. The Alcazaba itself was begun in 955 by Rahman III and completed by Hayran, Taifa king of Almeria, in the 11th century. It was later added to by the Catholic monarchs. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_ALMERIA_MC138.jpg
  • Ramparts and Tour Rouge or Red Tower in the distance, 13th century, and the village below, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC213.jpg
  • Ramparts, Tour du Tresor or Treasury Tower (centre) and Tour Rouge or Red Tower (left), 13th century, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC230.jpg
  • Ramparts of the Castillo de San Sebastian (Castle of St Sebastian), a fortress on a small island off La Caleta beach, built in 1706 to defend the city from the North, at Cadiz, Andalusia, Southern Spain. The site is thought to be that of a classical Temple of Kronos, and now houses a lighthouse constructed in 1908. Cadiz is one of the oldest cities in Europe, founded by the Phoenicians in 1100 BC, and later became a Carthaginian then a Roman city, and Spain's constitution was signed here in 1812. It is situated on a peninsula on the Costa de la Luz. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_SPAIN_MC326.jpg
  • Watchtower on the Southern ramparts of the medieval walled city overlooking the Adriatic Sea, Dubrovnik, Croatia. The city developed as an important port in the 15th and 16th centuries and has had a multicultural history, allied to the Romans, Ostrogoths, Byzantines, Ancona, Hungary and the Ottomans. In 1979 the city was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_DUBROVNIK_MC043.jpg
  • The Western ramparts of the medieval walled city above the cliffs overlooking the Adriatic Sea, Dubrovnik, Croatia. The city developed as an important port in the 15th and 16th centuries and has had a multicultural history, allied to the Romans, Ostrogoths, Byzantines, Ancona, Hungary and the Ottomans. In 1979 the city was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_DUBROVNIK_MC039.jpg
  • Crenellated ramparts of the first enclosure of the Alcazaba, a 10th century fortified enclosure and royal residence in Almeria, Andalusia, Southern Spain, with the port of Almeria on the left. The Alcazaba was begun in 955 by Rahman III and completed by Hayran, Taifa king of Almeria, in the 11th century. It was later added to by the Catholic monarchs. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_ALMERIA_MC137.jpg
  • Ramparts with the Tour Bouillon, pedestrian entrance gate for the villagers (left) and Tour Rouge or Red Tower (right), 13th century, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC216.JPG
  • Ramparts and the 12th century Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC182.jpg
  • Ramparts and the Tour du Tresor or Treasury tower, 13th century, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC217.jpg
  • Ramparts and defensive tower, 13th century, and on the right, the Porte Saint Pierre, or St Peter's Gate, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, where St Joan of Arc is said to have entered at the town's surrender to the forces of King Charles VII, Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The Porte Saint Pierre was listed as a Historical Monument in 1886. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC224.jpg
  • Ramparts and moat of the old town of Kotor, on the Bay of Kotor on the Adriatic coast of Montenegro. Most of the city's fortifications date from the Venetian period c. 1400-1797. However, military structures from Illyria, Byzantium and Austria-Hungary are also found around the town. The Bay of Kotor area is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_MONTENEGRO_MC_018.jpg
  • Watchtower on the Southern ramparts of the medieval walled city overlooking the Adriatic Sea, Dubrovnik, Croatia. The city developed as an important port in the 15th and 16th centuries and has had a multicultural history, allied to the Romans, Ostrogoths, Byzantines, Ancona, Hungary and the Ottomans. In 1979 the city was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_DUBROVNIK_MC084.jpg
  • Ramparts and defensive tower, 13th century, and on the right, the Porte Saint Pierre, or St Peter's Gate, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, where St Joan of Arc is said to have entered at the town's surrender to the forces of King Charles VII, Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The Porte Saint Pierre was listed as a Historical Monument in 1886. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC199.jpg
  • Ramparts and the 12th century Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built under Thibaud II count of Champagne, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC223.jpg
  • Ramparts and Tower number 9, seen from a footpath leading up to the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC193.jpg
  • Ramparts and the 12th century Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built under Thibaud II count of Champagne, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC205.jpg
  • Ramparts, Tour du Tresor or Treasury Tower (centre) and Tour Rouge or Red Tower (left), 13th century, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC206.jpg
  • Ramparts and Tour Rouge or Red Tower in the distance, 13th century, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC211.jpg
  • Ramparts of the Alcazar de los Reyes Cristianos, the palace of the Catholic Kings, the section built under Alfonso XI in the 14th century in mudejar style, retaining Islamic features, in Cordoba, Andalusia, Southern Spain. The historic centre of Cordoba is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC046.jpg
  • Western ramparts of the medieval walled city overlooking the Adriatic Sea (left) and the 11th century Lovrijenac Fortress (right), protecting the West of the city, Dubrovnik, Croatia. The city developed as an important port in the 15th and 16th centuries and has had a multicultural history, allied to the Romans, Ostrogoths, Byzantines, Ancona, Hungary and the Ottomans. In 1979 the city was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_DUBROVNIK_MC038.jpg
  • The Tower of the Princesses or Torre de las Infantas (right), a small palace, and the Judge's Tower or Torre del Cadi (left), on the ramparts of the Alhambra Palace, Granada, Andalusia, Southern Spain. Behind is El Albayzin, the medieval Moorish old town of Granada. The Alhambra was begun in the 11th century as a castle, and in the 13th and 14th centuries served as the royal palace of the Nasrid sultans. The huge complex contains the Alcazaba, Nasrid palaces, gardens and Generalife. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_GRANADA_MC161.jpg
  • Ramparts and Tour Rouge or Red Tower, 13th century, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC207.JPG
  • Ramparts and defensive tower, 13th century, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC227.jpg
  • Ramparts and the 12th century Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built under Thibaud II count of Champagne, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC341.jpg
  • The Tower of the Princesses or Torre de las Infantas (right), a small palace, and the Judge's Tower or Torre del Cadi (left), on the ramparts of the Alhambra Palace, Granada, Andalusia, Southern Spain. Behind is El Albayzin, the medieval Moorish old town of Granada. The Alhambra was begun in the 11th century as a castle, and in the 13th and 14th centuries served as the royal palace of the Nasrid sultans. The huge complex contains the Alcazaba, Nasrid palaces, gardens and Generalife. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_GRANADA_MC162.jpg
  • Ramparts and defensive tower, 13th century, with giant outdoor chessboard for visitors, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC226.jpg
  • ESSAOUIRA, MOROCCO - MAY 11 : A general view of a turret on the Ramparts and the Medina on May 11, 2009 in Essaouira, Morocco. The Ramparts, seen on a calm sunlit spring evening, protected the Medina from invaders approaching across  the wild Atlantic Ocean, and from the sea itself. A boy is walking on the rocks below the Ramparts. Essaouira, on the windswept Atlantic coast of Morocco, was re-built in the 18th century by French architect Theodore Cornut to the orders of Sultan Ben Abdullah. Surrounded by ramparts it is a charming small town now becoming more popular with tourists. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    LCMOROCCO090064.JPG
  • ESSAOUIRA, MOROCCO - MAY 11 : A detail of a turret on the Ramparts on May 11, 2009 in Essaouira, Morocco. The Ramparts protected the Medina from invaders approaching across the wild Atlantic Ocean, and from the sea itself, seen here on a calm sunlit spring evening. Essaouira, on the windswept Atlantic coast of Morocco, was re-built in the 18th century by French architect Theodore Cornut to the orders of Sultan Ben Abdullah. Surrounded by ramparts it is a charming small town now becoming more popular with tourists. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    LCMOROCCO090063.JPG
  • General view of Ramparts, Albarracin, Teruel, Spain, on February 13, 2006, pictured in the early morning light. Albarracin, a beautiful village with National Monument status overlooking the Guadalivar River, lies 28 km from Teruel, in the National Park in the Montes Universales. It is on the border of three Spanish Kingdoms: Castille, Aragon and Valencia, has been occupied for hundreds of years and is known as the Eagles` Nest because it  is built on a steep outcrop of rock surrounded by a deep gorge, a natural defence. Its buildings show  Moorish influence and even the name may derive from  the Berber clan Banu Razin who settled in the area during the 9th century. At the top of the village are the 10th century Moorish castle and Ramparts, reached through cobbled streets.  Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_SPAIN_FEB06_MC001.jpg
  • ESSAOUIRA, MOROCCO - MAY 11 : A general view of the town at night on May 11, 2009 in Essaouira, Morocco. The ramparts are seen here at sunset, light by floodlights. Essaouira  on the windswept Atlantic coast of Morocco, was re-built in the 18th century by French architect Theodore Cornut to the orders of Sultan Ben Abdullah. Surrounded by ramparts it is a charming small town now becoming more popular with tourists. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    LCMOROCCO090044.JPG
  • ESSAOUIRA, MOROCCO - MAY 10 : A low angle view of the Porte de la Marine on May 10, 2009 in Essaouira, Morocco. A man in traditional dress walks through the arch of the Porte de la Marine, built in 1771,  towards the boats. In the background the Ramparts and the Medina are lit by the evening sun. Essaouira, on the windswept Atlantic coast, was re-built in the 18th century by French architect Theodore Cornut to the orders of Sultan Ben Abdullah. Surrounded by ramparts it is now becoming more popular with tourists. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    LCMOROCCO090058.JPG
  • ESSAOUIRA, MOROCCO - MAY 8 : A low angle view of boats at sunset on May 8, 2009 in Essaouira, Morocco. In the background are the Portuguese Tower and Ramparts. On the windswept Atlantic coast of Morocco, Essaouira was re-built in the 18th century by French architect Theodore Cornut to the orders of Sultan Ben Abdullah. Surrounded by ramparts it is a charming small town now becoming more popular with tourists. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    LCMOROCCO090046.JPG
  • ESSAOUIRA, MOROCCO - MAY 7: A low angle view of boats in the harbour on May 7, 2009 in Essaouira, Morocco. A man standing on the moored wooden boats gazes towards the sunlit ramparts of the town as a bird flies overhead. Essaouira, on the windswept Atlantic coast of Morocco, was re-built in the 18th century by French architect Theodore Cornut to the orders of Sultan Ben Abdallah. Surrounded by ramparts, it is a charming small town now becoming more popular with tourists. Photo by Manuel Cohen
    LCMOROCCO090029.JPG
  • ESSAOUIRA, MOROCCO - MAY 10 : A long side view from the Skala on May 10, 2009 in Essaouira, Morocco. Crumbling walls have turned from white to brown. With blue painted windows the old walls by the ramparts soak up the spring sun, its low rays casting a heavy shadow across the scene. Essaouira, on the windswept Atlantic coast of Morocco, was re-built in the 18th century by French architect Theodore Cornut to the orders of Sultan Ben Abdullah. Surrounded by ramparts it is a charming small town now becoming more popular with tourists. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    LCMOROCCO090036.JPG
  • ESSAOUIRA, MOROCCO - MAY 11 : A view from below of a seagull in flight on May 11, 2009 in Essaouira, Morocco. A bird sweeps over the Ramparts at sunset. The old town is visible in the background. Essaouira, on the windswept Atlantic coast of Morocco, was re-built in the 18th century by French architect Theodore Cornut to the orders of Sultan Ben Abdullah. Surrounded by ramparts it is a charming small town now becoming more popular with tourists. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    LCMOROCCO090041.JPG
  • ESSAOUIRA, MOROCCO - MAY 8 : A tilted view of boats at sunset on May 8, 2009 in Essaouira, Morocco. In the background are the Portuguese Tower and Ramparts. On the windswept Atlantic coast of Morocco, Essaouira was re-built in the 18th century by French architect Theodore Cornut to the orders of Sultan Ben Abdullah. Surrounded by ramparts it is a charming small town now becoming more popular with tourists. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    LCMOROCCO090031.JPG
  • The Grand Donjon or central keep of Saint-Malo Castle or the Chateau de Saint-Malo, with a large stone tower built 1424, on the ramparts of the walled city of Saint-Malo, on the coast of Brittany, North West France. The castle now houses the town hall and the town museum. The city was rebuilt 1948-60 after being largely destroyed during World War Two. It is a port which has traditionally been home to the corsairs, French privateers and sometimes pirates, and is heavily fortified with ramparts, a castle, fort and fortified tidal islands. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0711.jpg
  • General view of Cathedral and Ramparts, Albarracin, Teruel, Spain, on February 13, 2006, pictured in the morning. The Cathedral, 1572-1600, was built by Martin de Castaneda, Pierres Vedel, and Alonso del Barrio de Ajo, in the Levantine Gothic style. Albarracin, a beautiful village with National Monument status overlooking the Guadalivar River, lies 28 km from Teruel, in the National Park in the Montes Universales. It is on the border of three Spanish Kingdoms: Castille, Aragon and Valencia, has been occupied for hundreds of years and is known as the Eagles` Nest because it  is built on a steep outcrop of rock surrounded by a deep gorge, a natural defence. Its buildings show  Moorish influence and even the name may derive from  the Berber clan Banu Razin who settled in the area during the 9th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_SPAIN_FEB06_MC010.jpg
  • General view of Ramparts, Albarracin, Teruel, Spain, on February 13, 2006, pictured in the afternoon. Albarracin, a beautiful village with National Monument status overlooking the Guadalivar River, lies 28 km from Teruel, in the National Park in the Montes Universales. It is on the border of three Spanish Kingdoms: Castille, Aragon and Valencia, has been occupied for hundreds of years and is known as the Eagles` Nest because it  is built on a steep outcrop of rock surrounded by a deep gorge, a natural defence. Its buildings show  Moorish influence and even the name may derive from  the Berber clan Banu Razin who settled in the area during the 9th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_SPAIN_FEB06_MC011.jpg
  • General view of the village with the Ramparts in the background, Albarracin, Teruel, Spain, on February 13, 2006, pictured in the afternoon. Albarracin, a beautiful village with National Monument status overlooking the Guadalivar River, lies 28 km from Teruel, in the National Park in the Montes Universales. It is on the border of three Spanish Kingdoms: Castille, Aragon and Valencia, has been occupied for hundreds of years and is known as the Eagles` Nest because it  is built on a steep outcrop of rock surrounded by a deep gorge, a natural defence. Its buildings show  Moorish influence and even the name may derive from  the Berber clan Banu Razin who settled in the area during the 9th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_SPAIN_FEB06_MC009.jpg
  • Low angle view of the Ramparts, 10th century strong defence, from outside the village of Albarracin, Teruel, Spain, on February 13, 2006, pictured in the morning. Albarracin, a beautiful village with National Monument status overlooking the Guadalivar River, lies 28 km from Teruel, in the National Park in the Montes Universales. It is on the border of three Spanish Kingdoms: Castille, Aragon and Valencia, has been occupied for hundreds of years and is known as the Eagles` Nest because it  is built on a steep outcrop of rock surrounded by a deep gorge, a natural defence. Its buildings show  Moorish influence and even the name may derive from  the Berber clan Banu Razin who settled in the area during the 9th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_SPAIN_FEB06_MC002.jpg
  • General view of the Ramparts, Valletta, Malta from the sea, pictured on June 6, 2008, in the warm evening light.  The Republic of Malta consists of seven islands in the Mediterranean Sea of which Malta, Gozo and Comino have been inhabited since c.5,200 BC. Nine of Malta's important historical monuments are UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including  the capital city, Valletta, also known as the Fortress City. Built in the late 16th century and mainly Baroque in style it is named after its founder Jean Parisot de Valette (c.1494-1568), Grand Master of the Order of St John. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    Malta08_MC_042.jpg
  • General view of the Ramparts, Valletta, Malta from the sea, pictured on June 6, 2008, in the warm evening light.  The Republic of Malta consists of seven islands in the Mediterranean Sea of which Malta, Gozo and Comino have been inhabited since c.5,200 BC. Nine of Malta's important historical monuments are UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including  the capital city, Valletta, also known as the Fortress City. Built in the late 16th century and mainly Baroque in style it is named after its founder Jean Parisot de Valette (c.1494-1568), Grand Master of the Order of St John. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    Malta08_MC_041.jpg
  • Windows of an art deco style house, built directly on the town ramparts, on the Rue Pierre Ronsard, in Perpignan, Pyrenees-Orientales, Catalogne du Nord, France. With the demolition of many of its ramparts in the early 20th century, Perpignan grew and expanded, embracing the art deco style of the 1930s in its new housing estates. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_1297.jpg
  • Art deco style house owned by the Mairie de Perpignan, built directly on the town ramparts, on the Rue Michel de Montaigne, in Perpignan, Pyrenees-Orientales, Catalogne du Nord, France. With the demolition of many of its ramparts in the early 20th century, Perpignan grew and expanded, embracing the art deco style of the 1930s in its new housing estates. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_1296.jpg
  • The Grand Donjon or central keep of Saint-Malo Castle or the Chateau de Saint-Malo, with a large stone tower built 1424, on the ramparts of the walled city of Saint-Malo, on the coast of Brittany, North West France. The castle now houses the town hall and the town museum. The city was rebuilt 1948-60 after being largely destroyed during World War Two. It is a port which has traditionally been home to the corsairs, French privateers and sometimes pirates, and is heavily fortified with ramparts, a castle, fort and fortified tidal islands. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0710.jpg
  • Windows of an art deco style house, built directly on the town ramparts, on the Rue Pierre Ronsard, in Perpignan, Pyrenees-Orientales, Catalogne du Nord, France. With the demolition of many of its ramparts in the early 20th century, Perpignan grew and expanded, embracing the art deco style of the 1930s in its new housing estates. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_1298.jpg
  • Detail of a turret on the Ramparts, Valletta, Malta, pictured on June 7, 2008, in the evening. The Republic of Malta consists of seven islands in the Mediterranean Sea of which Malta, Gozo and Comino have been inhabited since c.5,200 BC. Nine of Malta's important historical monuments are UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including  the capital city, Valletta, also known as the Fortress City. Built in the late 16th century and mainly Baroque in style it is named after its founder Jean Parisot de Valette (c.1494-1568), Grand Master of the Order of St John. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    Malta08_MC_073.jpg
  • High angle view of the ramparts and the Three Cities, Valletta, Malta, pictured on June 6, 2008, in the afternoon. The Republic of Malta consists of seven islands in the Mediterranean Sea of which Malta, Gozo and Comino have been inhabited since c.5,200 BC. It has been ruled by Phoenicians (Malat is Punic for safe haven), Greeks, Romans, Fatimids, Sicilians, Knights of St John, French and the British, from whom it became independent in 1964. Nine of Malta's important historical monuments are UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including  the capital city, Valletta, also known as the Fortress City. Built in the late 16th century and mainly Baroque in style it is named after its founder Jean Parisot de Valette (c.1494-1568), Grand Master of the Order of St John.East of Valletta Harbour are the fortified towns known as the Three Cities. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    Malta08_MC_034.jpg
  • Rue Denfer Rocheraud, which follows the defensive city walls, which encircle the town and include 12 towers and 9 gates, in Langres, Haute-Marne, Grand Est, France. Langres is a hill town fortified by the Romans and important through the Middle Ages due to its bishops and diocese. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1823.jpg
  • High angle view of Ramparts, Fez, Morocco, pictured on February 24, 2009 in the afternoon. Fez, Morocco's second largest city, and one of the four imperial cities, was founded in 789 by Idris I on the banks of the River Fez. The oldest university in the world is here and the city is still the Moroccan cultural and spiritual centre. Fez has three sectors: the oldest part, the walled city of Fes-el-Bali, houses Morocco's largest medina and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site;  Fes-el-Jedid was founded in 1244 as a new capital by the Merenid dynasty, and contains the Mellah, or Jewish quarter; Ville Nouvelle was built by the French who took over most of Morocco in 1912 and transferred the capital to Rabat. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCMOROCCO_FEB09_MC0061.jpg
  • Aerial view of Valletta, Malta, featuring  the harbours and ramparts, pictured on June 7, 2008, in the morning.  The Republic of Malta consists of seven islands in the Mediterranean Sea of which Malta, Gozo and Comino have been inhabited since c.5,200 BC. Nine of Malta's important historical monuments are UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including  the capital city, Valletta, also known as the Fortress City. Built in the late 16th century and mainly Baroque in style it is named after its founder Jean Parisot de Valette (c.1494-1568), Grand Master of the Order of St John. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    Malta08_MC_047.jpg
  • General view of Valletta,  Malta from the sea, featuring the dome of the Carmelite Church, 1573, and spire of St Paul's Anglican Pro-Cathedral, 1839-44, pictured on June 6, 2008, in the warm evening light.  The Republic of Malta consists of seven islands in the Mediterranean Sea of which Malta, Gozo and Comino have been inhabited since c.5,200 BC. Nine of Malta's important historical monuments are UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including  the capital city, Valletta, also known as the Fortress City. Built in the late 16th century and mainly Baroque in style it is named after its founder Jean Parisot de Valette (c.1494-1568), Grand Master of the Order of St John. The Carmelite church was originally built by Gerolamo Cassar, and rebuilt after bomb damage during World War II.  St Paul's Anglican Pro-Cathedral was designed by William Scamp. To the right of the image are the Ramparts. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    Malta08_MC_040.jpg
  • ESSAOUIRA, MOROCCO -MAY 9 : A general view of two men fishing on the beach at low tide on May 9, 2009 in Essaouira, Morocco. The Ramparts around the port are visible in the background with the towers of the Skala of the Medina. In the hazy evening light seagulls wait hoping to sample the fish. Essaouira, on the windswept Atlantic coast of Morocco, was re-built in the 18th century by French architect Theodore Cornut to the orders of Sultan Ben Abdullah. It is a now becoming more popular with tourists. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    LCMOROCCO090049.JPG
  • Aerial view of Valletta, Malta, featuring  the Ramparts and the Upper Barrakka Gardens (Il-Barrakka ta' Fuq), pictured on June 7, 2008, in the morning.  The Republic of Malta consists of seven islands in the Mediterranean Sea of which Malta, Gozo and Comino have been inhabited since c.5,200 BC. Nine of Malta's important historical monuments are UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including  the capital city, Valletta, also known as the Fortress City. Built in the late 16th century and mainly Baroque in style it is named after its founder Jean Parisot de Valette (c.1494-1568), Grand Master of the Order of St John. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    Malta08_MC_043.jpg
  • Centre National de la Prehistoire or CNP, a branch of the Ministere de la Culture specialising in the conservation, research and development of ancient painted caves in France and around the world, housed in a former military warehouse built on the Gallo-Roman ramparts of Perigueux beside the Musee Vesunna, Dordogne, France. The building, consisting of 3 towers and 2 curtain walls and a pavilion, was built using blocks from the city's monuments, including many Roman elements. Vesunna was founded on the site of modern-day Perigueux in c. 16 BC  under Emperor Augustus, and was the Gallo-Roman capital of Petrucores territory. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1116.jpg
  • Inscription dedicated to the Emperor Septimius Severus, c. 197-202 AD, limestone, discovered in 1846 in the ramparts in Langres, in the Musee de Langres, or Langres Museum of Art and History, in Langres, Haute-Marne, France. The inscription reads, 'To the emperor Caesar Auguste Lucius Severe Septimus, Pertinax, Piault, conqueror of the Arabs, of the Adiabene, of the Parthians, vested with tribunal power, acclaimed emperor 11 times, twice consul, father of the fatherland, proconsul, offered by the federated city of Langres. Founded in 1841, the museum has been housed in a new building in the old town since 1997. It exhibits art, artefacts and archaeology from prehistory to the 20th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0938.jpg
  • Mont-Saint-Michel or St Michael's Mount, a tidal island housing a Benedictine abbey founded in 966, and other medieval buildings within strong defensive ramparts, Normandy, Northern France. Mont-Saint-Michel is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and its abbey and many other buildings are historic monuments. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0717.jpg
  • Castillo de Loarre or Loarre Castle, a Romanesque fortress begun in the 11th century, at Loarre, Huesca, Aragon, Spain. The first structures, including the Chapel of Santa Maria, were built c. 1020 under Sancho el Mayor and more 1073-97. The castle consists of several buildings built over a rocky outcrop, with the outer ramparts and towers built in the 14th century. The castle is listed as a Cultural and National Monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC109.jpg
  • Mont-Saint-Michel or St Michael's Mount, a tidal island housing a Benedictine abbey founded in 966, and other medieval buildings within strong defensive ramparts, Normandy, Northern France. On the right is the modern bridge to the island and in the foreground is the river Couesnon flowing out to sea. Mont-Saint-Michel is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and its abbey and many other buildings are historic monuments. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0721.jpg
  • Rampart moat walls, 11th - 13th centuries, Provins, Seine et Marne, France. Unesco World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_PARIS_11_MC260.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: View of the remains of the outer wall with the embossed ramparts of the Chateau Gaillard in a fog, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DFRANCE080469.jpg
  • Taurobolium altar, used for sacrificing bulls, dedicated to Cybele, Mother of the Gods, and to the imperial Numina, by Lucius Pomponius Paternus, Gallo-Roman sculpture, 180-250 AD, excavated in the ramparts of Vesunna, detail, in the Musee Vesunna, Perigueux, Dordogne, France. The Vesunna Gallo-Roman Museum was built by Jean Nouvel and opened in 2003, to protect and house the excavated remains of the Vesunna domus and exhibit artefacts from the region. Vesunna was founded on the site of modern-day Perigueux in c. 16 BC under Emperor Augustus, and was the Gallo-Roman capital of Petrucores territory. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1101.jpg
  • Taurobolium altar, used for sacrificing bulls, dedicated to Cybele, Mother of the Gods, and to the imperial Numina, by Lucius Pomponius Paternus, with relief of bull's head, sacrificial knife, ladle and vase, Gallo-Roman sculpture, 180-250 AD, excavated in the ramparts of Vesunna, in the Musee Vesunna, Perigueux, Dordogne, France. The Vesunna Gallo-Roman Museum was built by Jean Nouvel and opened in 2003, to protect and house the excavated remains of the Vesunna domus and exhibit artefacts from the region. Vesunna was founded on the site of modern-day Perigueux in c. 16 BC under Emperor Augustus, and was the Gallo-Roman capital of Petrucores territory. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1094.jpg
  • Grape harvest, from a pilaster fragment, Gallo-Roman bas-relief, late 2nd century AD, excavated in the Jardin Secrest in the ramparts of Vesunna, in the Musee Vesunna, Perigueux, Dordogne, France. The Vesunna Gallo-Roman Museum was built by Jean Nouvel and opened in 2003, to protect and house the excavated remains of the Vesunna domus and exhibit artefacts from the region. Vesunna was founded on the site of modern-day Perigueux in c. 16 BC under Emperor Augustus, and was the Gallo-Roman capital of Petrucores territory. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1081.jpg
  • Gallo-Roman fortifications reconstructed by Michel Desvigne, including 100m of barriers preceded by open ground, watchtowers, defensive towers, ditches, embankments, ramparts, siege weapons, palisades and spiked traps, aerial view, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0332.jpg
  • Gallo-Roman fortifications reconstructed by Michel Desvigne, including 100m of barriers preceded by open ground, watchtowers, defensive towers, ditches, embankments, ramparts, siege weapons, palisades and spiked traps, aerial view, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0331.jpg
  • Figure being eaten by a beast on a carved capital in the apse of the Church of St Peter, Romanesque, at the Castillo de Loarre or Loarre Castle, a Romanesque fortress begun in the 11th century, at Loarre, Huesca, Aragon, Spain. The apse has columns joined by arches with decorative capitals carved with vegetal designs, mythological animals and biblical characters. The castle was built c. 1020 under Sancho el Mayor and added to 1073-97, with several buildings built over a rocky outcrop, with the outer ramparts and towers built in the 14th century. The castle is listed as a Cultural and National Monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC102.jpg
  • Rampart moat walls, 11th - 13th centuries, Provins, Seine et Marne, France. Unesco World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_PARIS_11_MC262.jpg
  • Inscription on a sign, indicating access to a private street with restricted access, perhaps to reach a tomb, High Empire, 1st - 3rd century AD,  limestone, discovered in the ramparts of Langres, in the Musee de Langres, or Langres Museum of Art and History, in Langres, Haute-Marne, France. Founded in 1841, the museum has been housed in a new building in the old town since 1997. It exhibits art, artefacts and archaeology from prehistory to the 20th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0940.jpg
  • The walled city of Saint-Malo, on the coast of Brittany, North West France, and the Plage de l'Eventail. The city was rebuilt 1948-60 after being largely destroyed during World War Two. It is a port which has traditionally been home to the corsairs, French privateers and sometimes pirates, and is heavily fortified with ramparts, a castle, fort and fortified tidal islands. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0748.jpg
  • The walled city of Saint-Malo, on the coast of Brittany, North West France, seen from the long concrete jetty on the Plage du Mole. The city was rebuilt 1948-60 after being largely destroyed during World War Two. It is a port which has traditionally been home to the corsairs, French privateers and sometimes pirates, and is heavily fortified with ramparts, a castle, fort and fortified tidal islands. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0745.jpg
  • Mont-Saint-Michel or St Michael's Mount, a tidal island housing a Benedictine abbey founded in 966, and other medieval buildings within strong defensive ramparts, Normandy, Northern France. On the right is the modern bridge to the island and in the foreground are channels to allow the river Couesnon to flow freely out to sea. Mont-Saint-Michel is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and its abbey and many other buildings are historic monuments. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0733.jpg
  • Mont-Saint-Michel or St Michael's Mount, a tidal island housing a Benedictine abbey founded in 966, and other medieval buildings within strong defensive ramparts, Normandy, Northern France. On the right is the modern bridge to the island and in the foreground are channels to allow the river Couesnon to flow freely out to sea. Mont-Saint-Michel is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and its abbey and many other buildings are historic monuments. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0731.jpg
  • Mont-Saint-Michel or St Michael's Mount, a tidal island housing a Benedictine abbey founded in 966, and other medieval buildings within strong defensive ramparts, Normandy, Northern France. Mont-Saint-Michel is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and its abbey and many other buildings are historic monuments. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0724.jpg
  • Mont-Saint-Michel or St Michael's Mount, a tidal island housing a Benedictine abbey founded in 966, and other medieval buildings within strong defensive ramparts, Normandy, Northern France. On the right is the modern bridge to the island and in the foreground is the river Couesnon flowing out to sea. Mont-Saint-Michel is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and its abbey and many other buildings are historic monuments. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0722.jpg
  • Mont-Saint-Michel or St Michael's Mount, a tidal island housing a Benedictine abbey founded in 966, and other medieval buildings within strong defensive ramparts, Normandy, Northern France. On the right is the modern bridge to the island and in the foreground are channels to allow the river Couesnon to flow freely out to sea. Mont-Saint-Michel is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and its abbey and many other buildings are historic monuments. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0720.jpg
  • Mont-Saint-Michel or St Michael's Mount, a tidal island housing a Benedictine abbey founded in 966, and other medieval buildings within strong defensive ramparts, Normandy, Northern France. Mont-Saint-Michel is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and its abbey and many other buildings are historic monuments. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0718.jpg
  • Figures on a carved capital in the apse of the Church of St Peter, Romanesque, at the Castillo de Loarre or Loarre Castle, a Romanesque fortress begun in the 11th century, at Loarre, Huesca, Aragon, Spain. The apse has columns joined by arches with decorative capitals carved with vegetal designs, mythological animals and biblical characters. The castle was built c. 1020 under Sancho el Mayor and added to 1073-97, with several buildings built over a rocky outcrop, with the outer ramparts and towers built in the 14th century. The castle is listed as a Cultural and National Monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC128.jpg
  • Dog, an attribute of St Quiteria, carved on the door post of the crypt of Santa Quiteria, in the lower church, at the Castillo de Loarre or Loarre Castle, a Romanesque fortress begun in the 11th century, at Loarre, Huesca, Aragon, Spain. The castle was built c. 1020 under Sancho el Mayor and added to 1073-97, with several buildings built over a rocky outcrop, with the outer ramparts and towers built in the 14th century. The castle is listed as a Cultural and National Monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC126.jpg
  • Castillo de Loarre or Loarre Castle, a Romanesque fortress begun in the 11th century, at Loarre, Huesca, Aragon, Spain. The first structures, including the Chapel of Santa Maria, were built c. 1020 under Sancho el Mayor and more 1073-97. The castle consists of several buildings built over a rocky outcrop, with the outer ramparts and towers built in the 14th century. The castle is listed as a Cultural and National Monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC114.jpg
  • Castillo de Loarre or Loarre Castle, a Romanesque fortress begun in the 11th century, at Loarre, Huesca, Aragon, Spain. The first structures, including the Chapel of Santa Maria, were built c. 1020 under Sancho el Mayor and more 1073-97. The castle consists of several buildings built over a rocky outcrop, with the outer ramparts and towers built in the 14th century. The castle is listed as a Cultural and National Monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC104.jpg
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