manuel cohen

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  • Reproduction of the Jewel of the Order of the Golden Fleece, 2010, by Herbert Horovitz and his team of jewellers in Geneva, taking 600 hours of work, based on the original drawing by Pierre Andre Jacquemin, 1720-73, Jeweller to the King and Keeper of the Crown Jewels under Louis XV. The blue diamond set in this piece was brought to France from India by Jean-Baptiste Tavernier in 1668 and sold to Louis XIV. It was cut by Jean Pittan in a new 'rose de Paris' design and set in the Grand Insignia of the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1749 for Louis XV. In 1792 this piece and many others were stolen by a revolutionary mob from the Garde-Meuble Royal in Paris. The blue diamond was later re-cut to become the Hope Diamond, now in the Smithsonian Museum in Washington DC, USA, as proved by Francois Farges in 2008. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0390.jpg
  • Reproduction of the Jewel of the Order of the Golden Fleece, 2010, by Herbert Horovitz and his team of jewellers in Geneva, taking 600 hours of work, based on the original drawing by Pierre Andre Jacquemin, 1720-73, Jeweller to the King and Keeper of the Crown Jewels under Louis XV. The blue diamond set in this piece was brought to France from India by Jean-Baptiste Tavernier in 1668 and sold to Louis XIV. It was cut by Jean Pittan in a new 'rose de Paris' design and set in the Grand Insignia of the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1749 for Louis XV. In 1792 this piece and many others were stolen by a revolutionary mob from the Garde-Meuble Royal in Paris. The blue diamond was later re-cut to become the Hope Diamond, now in the Smithsonian Museum in Washington DC, USA, as proved by Francois Farges in 2008. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0389.jpg
  • Drawing of the Jewel of the Order of the Golden Fleece, by Pierre Andre Jacquemin, 1720-73, Jeweller to the King and Keeper of the Crown Jewels under Louis XV. The jewel was reproduced in 2010 by Herbert Horovitz and his team of jewellers in Geneva, taking 600 hours of work. The blue diamond set in this piece was brought to France from India by Jean-Baptiste Tavernier in 1668 and sold to Louis XIV. It was cut by Jean Pittan in a new 'rose de Paris' design and set in the Grand Insignia of the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1749 for Louis XV. In 1792 this piece and many others were stolen by a revolutionary mob from the Garde-Meuble Royal in Paris. The blue diamond was later re-cut to become the Hope Diamond, now in the Smithsonian Museum in Washington DC, USA, as proved by Francois Farges in 2008. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0388.jpg
  • Detail of a red jewel in the form of a dragon breathing fire, from the reproduction of the Jewel of the Order of the Golden Fleece, 2010, by Herbert Horovitz and his team of jewellers in Geneva, taking 600 hours of work, based on the original drawing by Pierre Andre Jacquemin, 1720-73, Jeweller to the King and Keeper of the Crown Jewels under Louis XV. The blue diamond set in this piece was brought to France from India by Jean-Baptiste Tavernier in 1668 and sold to Louis XIV. It was cut by Jean Pittan in a new 'rose de Paris' design and set in the Grand Insignia of the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1749 for Louis XV. In 1792 this piece and many others were stolen by a revolutionary mob from the Garde-Meuble Royal in Paris. The blue diamond was later re-cut to become the Hope Diamond, now in the Smithsonian Museum in Washington DC, USA, as proved by Francois Farges in 2008. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0385.jpg
  • Detail of the golden fleece of the ram, encrusted with jewels, hanging from the reproduction of the Jewel of the Order of the Golden Fleece, 2010, by Herbert Horovitz and his team of jewellers in Geneva, taking 600 hours of work, based on the original drawing by Pierre Andre Jacquemin, 1720-73, Jeweller to the King and Keeper of the Crown Jewels under Louis XV. The blue diamond set in this piece was brought to France from India by Jean-Baptiste Tavernier in 1668 and sold to Louis XIV. It was cut by Jean Pittan in a new 'rose de Paris' design and set in the Grand Insignia of the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1749 for Louis XV. In 1792 this piece and many others were stolen by a revolutionary mob from the Garde-Meuble Royal in Paris. The blue diamond was later re-cut to become the Hope Diamond, now in the Smithsonian Museum in Washington DC, USA, as proved by Francois Farges in 2008. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0383.JPG
  • Detail of the golden fleece of the ram, encrusted with jewels, hanging from the reproduction of the Jewel of the Order of the Golden Fleece, 2010, by Herbert Horovitz and his team of jewellers in Geneva, taking 600 hours of work, based on the original drawing by Pierre Andre Jacquemin, 1720-73, Jeweller to the King and Keeper of the Crown Jewels under Louis XV. The blue diamond set in this piece was brought to France from India by Jean-Baptiste Tavernier in 1668 and sold to Louis XIV. It was cut by Jean Pittan in a new 'rose de Paris' design and set in the Grand Insignia of the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1749 for Louis XV. In 1792 this piece and many others were stolen by a revolutionary mob from the Garde-Meuble Royal in Paris. The blue diamond was later re-cut to become the Hope Diamond, now in the Smithsonian Museum in Washington DC, USA, as proved by Francois Farges in 2008. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0384.jpg
  • Reproduction of the Jewel of the Order of the Golden Fleece, 2010, by Herbert Horovitz and his team of jewellers in Geneva, taking 600 hours of work, based on the original drawing by Pierre Andre Jacquemin, 1720-73, Jeweller to the King and Keeper of the Crown Jewels under Louis XV. The blue diamond set in this piece was brought to France from India by Jean-Baptiste Tavernier in 1668 and sold to Louis XIV. It was cut by Jean Pittan in a new 'rose de Paris' design and set in the Grand Insignia of the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1749 for Louis XV. In 1792 this piece and many others were stolen by a revolutionary mob from the Garde-Meuble Royal in Paris. The blue diamond was later re-cut to become the Hope Diamond, now in the Smithsonian Museum in Washington DC, USA, as proved by Francois Farges in 2008. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0380.jpg
  • Reproduction of the Jewel of the Order of the Golden Fleece, 2010, by Herbert Horovitz and his team of jewellers in Geneva, taking 600 hours of work, based on the original drawing by Pierre Andre Jacquemin, 1720-73, Jeweller to the King and Keeper of the Crown Jewels under Louis XV. The blue diamond set in this piece was brought to France from India by Jean-Baptiste Tavernier in 1668 and sold to Louis XIV. It was cut by Jean Pittan in a new 'rose de Paris' design and set in the Grand Insignia of the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1749 for Louis XV. In 1792 this piece and many others were stolen by a revolutionary mob from the Garde-Meuble Royal in Paris. The blue diamond was later re-cut to become the Hope Diamond, now in the Smithsonian Museum in Washington DC, USA, as proved by Francois Farges in 2008. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0381.jpg
  • Reproduction of the Jewel of the Order of the Golden Fleece, 2010, by Herbert Horovitz and his team of jewellers in Geneva, taking 600 hours of work, based on the original drawing by Pierre Andre Jacquemin, 1720-73, Jeweller to the King and Keeper of the Crown Jewels under Louis XV. The blue diamond set in this piece was brought to France from India by Jean-Baptiste Tavernier in 1668 and sold to Louis XIV. It was cut by Jean Pittan in a new 'rose de Paris' design and set in the Grand Insignia of the Order of the Golden Fleece  in 1749 for Louis XV. In 1792 this piece and many others were stolen by a revolutionary mob from the Garde-Meuble Royal in Paris. The blue diamond was later re-cut to become the Hope Diamond, now in the Smithsonian Museum in Washington DC, USA, as proved by Francois Farges in 2008. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0382.jpg
  • Order of the King’s Council of State allowing the sale in Nantes of goods from the Indies via the Compagnie des Indes, using Compagnie de France ships, 13th August 1719, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The Compagnie des Indes sold pepper, porcelain and textiles to the wealthy merchants and citizens of Nantes in the 18th century. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0145.jpg
  • Ceiling painting of heaven with angels, in the Third Order Chapel or Temple Decadaire in the Dominican convent, completed 1774 under Louis XVI, Perpignan, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. The initial religious theme was painted by Jacques Gamelin, succeeded under the Directoire and again modified by the occupying army during the July Monarchy, when it became a garrison Chapel. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0183.jpg
  • The goddess Minerva surrounded by cherubs, wall painting in the Third Order Chapel or Temple Decadaire in the Dominican convent, completed 1774 under Louis XVI, Perpignan, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. The initial religious theme was painted by Jacques Gamelin, succeeded under the Directoire and again modified by the occupying army during the July Monarchy, when it became a garrison Chapel. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0184.jpg
  • The goddess Minerva surrounded by cherubs, wall painting in the Third Order Chapel or Temple Decadaire in the Dominican convent, completed 1774 under Louis XVI, Perpignan, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. The initial religious theme was painted by Jacques Gamelin, succeeded under the Directoire and again modified by the occupying army during the July Monarchy, when it became a garrison Chapel. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0193.jpg
  • Order of the King's Council of State concerning the trademarks to be affixed to pieces of muslin and white cotton canvas from the West Indies, Nantes, 18th October 1721, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. To protect national textile production, fabrics imported by th Compagnie des Indes were trademarked and taxed, and their sale tightly controlled. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0144.jpg
  • Entrance, built by king James V c. 1533 to give access to the outer enclosure, to Linlithgow Palace, built 15th century under king James I, and rebuilt 1618-22 by king James VI, a royal palace and residence for Scottish monarchs, in West Lothian, Scotland. Above the entrance are the 4 European orders of chivalry to which James V belonged, the Order of the Garter, Order of the Thistle, Order of the Golden Fleece and Order of St Michael. Mary Queen of Scots was born here. The palace was a resting place for Stuart royalty travelling between Edinburgh and Stirling. The Renaissance style palace was burned in 1746 and has since been restored and is now run by Historic Environment Scotland. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_SCOTLAND_MC_087.jpg
  • Portrait of Henri, count of Chambord, detail, oil painting on canvas, c. 1870, by Louis-Etienne Porion, 1814-68, in the Chateau de Chambord, designed by Domenico da Cortona and built 1519-47 in French Renaissance style under King Francois I, at Chambord, Loir-et-Cher, France. This equestrian portrait shows the count wearing the order of the Holy Spirit and the order of Saint-Michel. The chateau is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1169.jpg
  • Portrait of Henri, count of Chambord, oil painting on canvas, c. 1870, by Louis-Etienne Porion, 1814-68, in the Chateau de Chambord, designed by Domenico da Cortona and built 1519-47 in French Renaissance style under King Francois I, at Chambord, Loir-et-Cher, France. This equestrian portrait shows the count wearing the order of the Holy Spirit and the order of Saint-Michel. The chateau is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1216.jpg
  • Equestrian portrait of Henri, Count of Chambord, painted c. 1870 by Louis Etienne Porion, 1814-68, purchased by the State in 1977, in the Chateau de Chambord, designed by Domenico da Cortona and built 1519-47 in French Renaissance style under King Francois I, at Chambord, Loir-et-Cher, France. The Count is shown in full military uniform with the Order of the Holy Spirit and the Order of St Michael and with the gala harness which now forms part of the collection of the Domaine de Chambord. The chateau was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0897.jpg
  • Fontevraud Abbey, aerial view, at Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. On the right is the infirmary, with the Romanesque abbey church behind and the refectory on the left. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC20_FRANCE_MC_0221.jpg
  • Refectory or dining hall, 46m long, at Fontevraud Abbey, aerial view, at Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC20_FRANCE_MC_0222.jpg
  • Fontevraud Abbey, aerial view, at Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. In the distance is the Romanesque abbey church built 1105-60, and the infirmary is on the right. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC20_FRANCE_MC_0223.jpg
  • Abbey church, Romanesque, built 1105-60, and main Grand-Moutier Cloister at Fontevraud Abbey, aerial view, at Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The cloister, built to house virgin nuns, was originally Romanesque but was rebuilt in the 16th century. Renee de Bourbon renovated the south gallery in Gothic style in 1519, then Louise de Bourbon rebuilt the 3 other galleries in classical style 1530-60. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC20_FRANCE_MC_0224.jpg
  • Fontevraud Abbey, aerial view, at Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. On the left is the infirmary, with the Romanesque abbey church and its chevet and tower, to the right. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC20_FRANCE_MC_0226.jpg
  • Fontevraud Abbey, aerial view, at Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. On the left is the infirmary, with the Romanesque abbey church and its chevet and tower, to the right. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC20_FRANCE_MC_0227.jpg
  • Fontevraud Abbey, aerial view, at Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. In the foreground is the infirmary, with the Romanesque abbey church behind. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC20_FRANCE_MC_0230.JPG
  • Fontevraud Abbey, aerial view, at Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. In the foreground is the infirmary, with the Romanesque abbey church behind. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC20_FRANCE_MC_0232.jpg
  • Fontevraud Abbey, aerial view, at Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. In the centre is the chevet, a radiating apse on the Eastern side of the Romanesque abbey church, built 1105-60. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC20_FRANCE_MC_0234.jpg
  • Fontevraud Abbey, aerial view, at Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. On the right is the chevet, a radiating apse on the Eastern side of the Romanesque abbey church, built 1105-60. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC20_FRANCE_MC_0236.jpg
  • Fontevraud Abbey, aerial view, at Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. On the right is the chevet, a radiating apse on the Eastern side of the Romanesque abbey church, built 1105-60. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC20_FRANCE_MC_0233.jpg
  • Fontevraud Abbey, aerial view, at Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC20_FRANCE_MC_0231.jpg
  • Fontevraud Abbey, aerial view, at Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. On the left is the infirmary, with the Romanesque abbey church and its chevet and tower, to the right. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC20_FRANCE_MC_0229.JPG
  • Fontevraud Abbey, aerial view, at Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. On the left is the infirmary, with the Romanesque abbey church and its chevet and tower, to the right. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC20_FRANCE_MC_0228.jpg
  • Priory of St Benedict, enclosing the Cour Saint-Benoit, at Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0030.jpg
  • Abbey (behind) seen from the gardens of Fontevraud l'Hotel, a contemporary hotel developed within the original Saint-Lazare Priory building, at Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0050.jpg
  • West facade of the Abbey Church, Romanesque, built 1105-60, in the evening, at Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0163.jpg
  • West facade of the Abbey Church, Romanesque, built 1105-60, in the evening, at Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0164.jpg
  • Statue of St Benoit or St Benedict, polychrome terracotta, 17th - 18th century, State Collection, in the Salle du Tresor, or Treasury, at Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The rule of the order at the abbey was based on the Rule of St Benedict, prayer, work, poverty, chastity, obedience, silence. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0195.jpg
  • Carved capitals with fantastic beasts entwined with foliage, on the facade of the Abbey Church, Romanesque, built 1105-60, at Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC_1221.jpg
  • Carved capitals with fantastic beasts and figures entwined with foliage, on the facade of the Abbey Church, Romanesque, built 1105-60, at Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC_1222.jpg
  • Carved capitals with fantastic beasts entwined with foliage, on the facade of the Abbey Church, Romanesque, built 1105-60, at Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC_1223.jpg
  • Abbey Church, Romanesque, built 1105-60, at Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France.  The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC_1208.jpg
  • Abbey Church, Romanesque, built 1105-60, at Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC_1209.jpg
  • Chevet of Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The chevet is a radiating apse on the Eastern side of the Romanesque abbey church, built 1105-60. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC_1211.JPG
  • Chevet of Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The chevet is a radiating apse on the Eastern side of the Romanesque abbey church, built 1105-60. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC_1220.jpg
  • High angle view of courtyard, Casa de las Conchas, Salamanca, Spain, pictured on December 17, 2010 in the afternoon. The Casa de la Conchas, 15th century, was built as the palace of Rodrigo Maldonado, a knight of the Santiago Order (Order of St James), whose emblem is a shell. Adorning the walls of the palace are carvings of shells, hence the name. It is now a library. Salamanca, an important Spanish University city, is known as La Ciudad Dorada ("The golden city") because of the unique golden colour of its Renaissance sandstone buildings. Founded in 1218 its University is still one of the most important in Spain. Around it the Old Town is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN10_MC076.jpg
  • Detail of carvings on the wall of Casa de las Conchas, Salamanca, Spain, pictured on December 19, 2010 in the afternoon. The Casa de la Conchas, 15th century, was built as the palace of Rodrigo Maldonado, a knight of the Santiago Order (Order of St James), whose emblem is a shell. Adorning the walls of the palace are carvings of shells, hence the name. It is now a library. Salamanca, an important Spanish University city, is known as La Ciudad Dorada ("The golden city") because of the unique golden colour of its Renaissance sandstone buildings. Founded in 1218 its University is still one of the most important in Spain. Around it the Old Town is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN10_MC064.JPG
  • Detail of carvings on the wall of Casa de las Conchas, Salamanca, Spain, pictured on December 19, 2010 in the afternoon. The Casa de la Conchas, 15th century, was built as the palace of Rodrigo Maldonado, a knight of the Santiago Order (Order of St James), whose emblem is a shell. Adorning the walls of the palace are carvings of shells, hence the name. It is now a library. Salamanca, an important Spanish University city, is known as La Ciudad Dorada ("The golden city") because of the unique golden colour of its Renaissance sandstone buildings. Founded in 1218 its University is still one of the most important in Spain. Around it the Old Town is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN10_MC063.jpg
  • Detail of carvings on the wall of Casa de las Conchas, Salamanca, Spain, pictured on December 19, 2010 in the afternoon. The Casa de la Conchas, 15th century, was built as the palace of Rodrigo Maldonado, a knight of the Santiago Order (Order of St James), whose emblem is a shell. Adorning the walls of the palace are carvings of shells, hence the name. It is now a library. Salamanca, an important Spanish University city, is known as La Ciudad Dorada ("The golden city") because of the unique golden colour of its Renaissance sandstone buildings. Founded in 1218 its University is still one of the most important in Spain. Around it the Old Town is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN10_MC061.jpg
  • Detail of carving in the Casa de las Conchas courtyard, Salamanca, Spain, pictured on December 18, 2010 at midday. The Casa de la Conchas, 15th century, was built as the palace of Rodrigo Maldonado, a knight of the Santiago Order (Order of St James), whose emblem is a shell. Adorning the walls of the palace are carvings of shells, hence the name. It is now a library. Salamanca, an important Spanish University city, is known as La Ciudad Dorada ("The golden city") because of the unique golden colour of its Renaissance sandstone buildings. Founded in 1218 its University is still one of the most important in Spain. Around it the Old Town is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN10_MC037.jpg
  • Abbey church, Romanesque, built 1105-60, and main Grand-Moutier Cloister at Fontevraud Abbey, aerial view, at Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The cloister, built to house virgin nuns, was originally Romanesque but was rebuilt in the 16th century. Renee de Bourbon renovated the south gallery in Gothic style in 1519, then Louise de Bourbon rebuilt the 3 other galleries in classical style 1530-60. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC20_FRANCE_MC_0225.JPG
  • Fontevraud Abbey, aerial view, at Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. In the centre is the chevet, a radiating apse on the Eastern side of the Romanesque abbey church, built 1105-60. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC20_FRANCE_MC_0235.jpg
  • Panoramic view of courtyard, Casa de las Conchas, Salamanca, Spain, pictured on December 17, 2010 in the afternoon. The Casa de la Conchas, 15th century, was built as the palace of Rodrigo Maldonado, a knight of the Santiago Order (Order of St James), whose emblem is a shell. Adorning the walls of the palace are carvings of shells, hence the name. It is now a library. Salamanca, an important Spanish University city, is known as La Ciudad Dorada ("The golden city") because of the unique golden colour of its Renaissance sandstone buildings. Founded in 1218 its University is still one of the most important in Spain. Around it the Old Town is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN10_MC078.jpg
  • CORINTH, GREECE - APRIL 16 : A detail of an Ionic capital, on April 16, 2007 in Corinth, Greece. This Ionic capital amongst the ruins of Corinth is seen in the early morning light with the Temple of Apollo in the background. Standing prominently on a knoll the Temple of Apollo is one of the oldest temples in Greece. It was built in the 7th century BC in the Doric Order and seven of its original 38 columns remain. Corinth, founded in Neolithic times, was a major Ancient Greek city, until it was razed by the Romans in 146 BC. Rebuilt a century later it was destroyed by an earthquake in Byzantine times. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DGREECE07_10_114.jpg
  • Ceremony of the Veneration of the Crown of Thorns, or Veneration de la Sainte Couronne d’Epines, on Friday 29th March 2019, by the Ordre des Chevaliers du Saint Sepulcre, or the Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem, guardians of the relics of Christ's Passion since 1920, in the Chapel of the Order of the Holy Sepulcher, in the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Paris, or Notre-Dame cathedral, built 1163-1345 in French Gothic style, on the Ile de la Cite in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, France. The crown of thorns has been held in Paris since 1239 and at Notre-Dame since 1806, along with a piece of the true cross and a nail from the crucifixion. The crown is held in a tubular reliquary of crystal and gold, with a perforated frame depicting a branch of zizyphus or Spina Christi, made by silversmith M Poussielgue-Rusand, 1861-1933, after drawings by J-G Astruc, 1862-1950. The veneration ceremony usually takes place on the first Friday of each month, every Friday of Lent, and on Good Friday. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    290319_CouronneEpinesNDP_MC_02.jpg
  • Cleric putting away the Crown of Thorns after the Veneration of the Crown of Thorns, or Veneration de la Sainte Couronne d’Epines, on Friday 29th March 2019, by the Ordre des Chevaliers du Saint Sepulcre, or the Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem, guardians of the relics of Christ's Passion since 1920, in the Chapel of the Order of the Holy Sepulcher, in the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Paris, or Notre-Dame cathedral, built 1163-1345 in French Gothic style, on the Ile de la Cite in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, France. The crown of thorns has been held in Paris since 1239 and at Notre-Dame since 1806, along with a piece of the true cross and a nail from the crucifixion. The crown is held in a tubular reliquary of crystal and gold, with a perforated frame depicting a branch of zizyphus or Spina Christi, made by silversmith M Poussielgue-Rusand, 1861-1933, after drawings by J-G Astruc, 1862-1950. The veneration ceremony usually takes place on the first Friday of each month, every Friday of Lent, and on Good Friday. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    290319_CouronneEpinesNDP_MC_43.jpg
  • Main Grand-Moutier Cloister, at Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The cloister, built to house virgin nuns, was originally Romanesque but was rebuilt in the 16th century. Renee de Bourbon renovated the south gallery in Gothic style in 1519, then Louise de Bourbon rebuilt the 3 other galleries in classical style 1530-60. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC_1219.jpg
  • Chevet of Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The chevet is a radiating apse on the Eastern side of the Romanesque abbey church, built 1105-60. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC193.jpg
  • Low angle view of a court in the Upper Barrakka Gardens (Il-Barrakka ta' Fuq), 1661, Valletta, Malta, pictured on June 8, 2008, in the morning. The Republic of Malta consists of seven islands in the Mediterranean Sea of which Malta, Gozo and Comino have been inhabited since c.5,200 BC. Nine of Malta's important historical monuments are UNESCO World Heritage Sites, including  the capital city, Valletta, also known as the Fortress City. Built in the late 16th century and mainly Baroque in style it is named after its founder Jean Parisot de Valette (c.1494-1568), Grand Master of the Order of St John. The Upper Barrakka Gardens, on the Ramparts with a view of the harbour, were originally the private gardens of the Italian Knights. The arcaded verandah, commissioned by Flaminio Balbiani, originally had a roof which was removed in 1775 because it was being used by dissident knights to plot against the Order under Grand Master Ximenes. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    Malta08_MC_075.jpg
  • Carved capital with kneeling man and vegetal decorative motifs, in nave of Romanesque abbey church, Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The abbey itself was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC20_FRANCE_MC_0241.jpg
  • Ceremony of the Veneration of the Crown of Thorns, or Veneration de la Sainte Couronne d’Epines, on Friday 29th March 2019, by the Ordre des Chevaliers du Saint Sepulcre, or the Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem, guardians of the relics of Christ's Passion since 1920, in the Chapel of the Order of the Holy Sepulcher, in the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Paris, or Notre-Dame cathedral, built 1163-1345 in French Gothic style, on the Ile de la Cite in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, France. The crown of thorns has been held in Paris since 1239 and at Notre-Dame since 1806, along with a piece of the true cross and a nail from the crucifixion. The crown is held in a tubular reliquary of crystal and gold, with a perforated frame depicting a branch of zizyphus or Spina Christi, made by silversmith M Poussielgue-Rusand, 1861-1933, after drawings by J-G Astruc, 1862-1950. The veneration ceremony usually takes place on the first Friday of each month, every Friday of Lent, and on Good Friday. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    290319_CouronneEpinesNDP_MC_04.jpg
  • Ceremony of the Veneration of the Crown of Thorns, or Veneration de la Sainte Couronne d’Epines, on Friday 29th March 2019, by the Ordre des Chevaliers du Saint Sepulcre, or the Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem, guardians of the relics of Christ's Passion since 1920, in the Chapel of the Order of the Holy Sepulcher, in the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Paris, or Notre-Dame cathedral, built 1163-1345 in French Gothic style, on the Ile de la Cite in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, France. The crown of thorns has been held in Paris since 1239 and at Notre-Dame since 1806, along with a piece of the true cross and a nail from the crucifixion. The crown is held in a tubular reliquary of crystal and gold, with a perforated frame depicting a branch of zizyphus or Spina Christi, made by silversmith M Poussielgue-Rusand, 1861-1933, after drawings by J-G Astruc, 1862-1950. The veneration ceremony usually takes place on the first Friday of each month, every Friday of Lent, and on Good Friday. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    290319_CouronneEpinesNDP_MC_03.jpg
  • Ceremony of the Veneration of the Crown of Thorns, or Veneration de la Sainte Couronne d’Epines, on Friday 29th March 2019, by the Ordre des Chevaliers du Saint Sepulcre, or the Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem, guardians of the relics of Christ's Passion since 1920, in the Chapel of the Order of the Holy Sepulcher, in the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Paris, or Notre-Dame cathedral, built 1163-1345 in French Gothic style, on the Ile de la Cite in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, France. The crown of thorns has been held in Paris since 1239 and at Notre-Dame since 1806, along with a piece of the true cross and a nail from the crucifixion. The crown is held in a tubular reliquary of crystal and gold, with a perforated frame depicting a branch of zizyphus or Spina Christi, made by silversmith M Poussielgue-Rusand, 1861-1933, after drawings by J-G Astruc, 1862-1950. The veneration ceremony usually takes place on the first Friday of each month, every Friday of Lent, and on Good Friday. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    290319_CouronneEpinesNDP_MC_01.jpg
  • Cleric putting away the Crown of Thorns after the Veneration of the Crown of Thorns, or Veneration de la Sainte Couronne d’Epines, on Friday 29th March 2019, by the Ordre des Chevaliers du Saint Sepulcre, or the Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem, guardians of the relics of Christ's Passion since 1920, in the Chapel of the Order of the Holy Sepulcher, in the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Paris, or Notre-Dame cathedral, built 1163-1345 in French Gothic style, on the Ile de la Cite in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, France. The crown of thorns has been held in Paris since 1239 and at Notre-Dame since 1806, along with a piece of the true cross and a nail from the crucifixion. The crown is held in a tubular reliquary of crystal and gold, with a perforated frame depicting a branch of zizyphus or Spina Christi, made by silversmith M Poussielgue-Rusand, 1861-1933, after drawings by J-G Astruc, 1862-1950. The veneration ceremony usually takes place on the first Friday of each month, every Friday of Lent, and on Good Friday. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    290319_CouronneEpinesNDP_MC_45.jpg
  • Cleric putting away the Crown of Thorns after the Veneration of the Crown of Thorns, or Veneration de la Sainte Couronne d’Epines, on Friday 29th March 2019, by the Ordre des Chevaliers du Saint Sepulcre, or the Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem, guardians of the relics of Christ's Passion since 1920, in the Chapel of the Order of the Holy Sepulcher, in the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Paris, or Notre-Dame cathedral, built 1163-1345 in French Gothic style, on the Ile de la Cite in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, France. The crown of thorns has been held in Paris since 1239 and at Notre-Dame since 1806, along with a piece of the true cross and a nail from the crucifixion. The crown is held in a tubular reliquary of crystal and gold, with a perforated frame depicting a branch of zizyphus or Spina Christi, made by silversmith M Poussielgue-Rusand, 1861-1933, after drawings by J-G Astruc, 1862-1950. The veneration ceremony usually takes place on the first Friday of each month, every Friday of Lent, and on Good Friday. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    290319_CouronneEpinesNDP_MC_44.jpg
  • Ceremony of the Veneration of the Crown of Thorns, or Veneration de la Sainte Couronne d’Epines, on Friday 29th March 2019, by the Ordre des Chevaliers du Saint Sepulcre, or the Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem, guardians of the relics of Christ's Passion since 1920, in the Chapel of the Order of the Holy Sepulcher, in the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Paris, or Notre-Dame cathedral, built 1163-1345 in French Gothic style, on the Ile de la Cite in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, France. The crown of thorns has been held in Paris since 1239 and at Notre-Dame since 1806, along with a piece of the true cross and a nail from the crucifixion. The crown is held in a tubular reliquary of crystal and gold, with a perforated frame depicting a branch of zizyphus or Spina Christi, made by silversmith M Poussielgue-Rusand, 1861-1933, after drawings by J-G Astruc, 1862-1950. The veneration ceremony usually takes place on the first Friday of each month, every Friday of Lent, and on Good Friday. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    290319_CouronneEpinesNDP_MC_42.jpg
  • Ceremony of the Veneration of the Crown of Thorns, or Veneration de la Sainte Couronne d’Epines, on Friday 29th March 2019, by the Ordre des Chevaliers du Saint Sepulcre, or the Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem, guardians of the relics of Christ's Passion since 1920, in the Chapel of the Order of the Holy Sepulcher, in the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Paris, or Notre-Dame cathedral, built 1163-1345 in French Gothic style, on the Ile de la Cite in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, France. The crown of thorns has been held in Paris since 1239 and at Notre-Dame since 1806, along with a piece of the true cross and a nail from the crucifixion. The crown is held in a tubular reliquary of crystal and gold, with a perforated frame depicting a branch of zizyphus or Spina Christi, made by silversmith M Poussielgue-Rusand, 1861-1933, after drawings by J-G Astruc, 1862-1950. The veneration ceremony usually takes place on the first Friday of each month, every Friday of Lent, and on Good Friday. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    290319_CouronneEpinesNDP_MC_41.jpg
  • Ceremony of the Veneration of the Crown of Thorns, or Veneration de la Sainte Couronne d’Epines, on Friday 29th March 2019, by the Ordre des Chevaliers du Saint Sepulcre, or the Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem, guardians of the relics of Christ's Passion since 1920, in the Chapel of the Order of the Holy Sepulcher, in the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Paris, or Notre-Dame cathedral, built 1163-1345 in French Gothic style, on the Ile de la Cite in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, France. The crown of thorns has been held in Paris since 1239 and at Notre-Dame since 1806, along with a piece of the true cross and a nail from the crucifixion. The crown is held in a tubular reliquary of crystal and gold, with a perforated frame depicting a branch of zizyphus or Spina Christi, made by silversmith M Poussielgue-Rusand, 1861-1933, after drawings by J-G Astruc, 1862-1950. The veneration ceremony usually takes place on the first Friday of each month, every Friday of Lent, and on Good Friday. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    290319_CouronneEpinesNDP_MC_40.jpg
  • Ceremony of the Veneration of the Crown of Thorns, or Veneration de la Sainte Couronne d’Epines, on Friday 29th March 2019, by the Ordre des Chevaliers du Saint Sepulcre, or the Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem, guardians of the relics of Christ's Passion since 1920, in the Chapel of the Order of the Holy Sepulcher, in the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Paris, or Notre-Dame cathedral, built 1163-1345 in French Gothic style, on the Ile de la Cite in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, France. The crown of thorns has been held in Paris since 1239 and at Notre-Dame since 1806, along with a piece of the true cross and a nail from the crucifixion. The crown is held in a tubular reliquary of crystal and gold, with a perforated frame depicting a branch of zizyphus or Spina Christi, made by silversmith M Poussielgue-Rusand, 1861-1933, after drawings by J-G Astruc, 1862-1950. The veneration ceremony usually takes place on the first Friday of each month, every Friday of Lent, and on Good Friday. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    290319_CouronneEpinesNDP_MC_39.jpg
  • Ceremony of the Veneration of the Crown of Thorns, or Veneration de la Sainte Couronne d’Epines, on Friday 29th March 2019, by the Ordre des Chevaliers du Saint Sepulcre, or the Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem, guardians of the relics of Christ's Passion since 1920, in the Chapel of the Order of the Holy Sepulcher, in the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Paris, or Notre-Dame cathedral, built 1163-1345 in French Gothic style, on the Ile de la Cite in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, France. The crown of thorns has been held in Paris since 1239 and at Notre-Dame since 1806, along with a piece of the true cross and a nail from the crucifixion. The crown is held in a tubular reliquary of crystal and gold, with a perforated frame depicting a branch of zizyphus or Spina Christi, made by silversmith M Poussielgue-Rusand, 1861-1933, after drawings by J-G Astruc, 1862-1950. The veneration ceremony usually takes place on the first Friday of each month, every Friday of Lent, and on Good Friday. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    290319_CouronneEpinesNDP_MC_38.jpg
  • Reliquary of the Crown of Thorns, a tube of crystal and gold, with a perforated frame depicting a branch of zizyphus or Spina Christi, made by silversmith M Poussielgue-Rusand, 1861-1933, after drawings by J-G Astruc, 1862-1950, in the Chapel of the Order of the Holy Sepulcher, in the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Paris, or Notre-Dame cathedral, built 1163-1345 in French Gothic style, on the Ile de la Cite in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, France. The crown is depicted at the Veneration of the Crown of Thorns, or Veneration de la Sainte Couronne d’Epines, on Friday 29th March 2019, by the Ordre des Chevaliers du Saint Sepulcre, or the Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem, guardians of the relics of Christ's Passion since 1920. The crown of thorns has been held in Paris since 1239 and at Notre-Dame since 1806, along with a piece of the true cross and a nail from the crucifixion. The veneration ceremony usually takes place on the first Friday of each month, every Friday of Lent, and on Good Friday. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    290319_CouronneEpinesNDP_MC_37.jpg
  • Reliquary of the Crown of Thorns, a tube of crystal and gold, with a perforated frame depicting a branch of zizyphus or Spina Christi, made by silversmith M Poussielgue-Rusand, 1861-1933, after drawings by J-G Astruc, 1862-1950, in the Chapel of the Order of the Holy Sepulcher, in the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Paris, or Notre-Dame cathedral, built 1163-1345 in French Gothic style, on the Ile de la Cite in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, France. The crown is depicted at the Veneration of the Crown of Thorns, or Veneration de la Sainte Couronne d’Epines, on Friday 29th March 2019, by the Ordre des Chevaliers du Saint Sepulcre, or the Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem, guardians of the relics of Christ's Passion since 1920. The crown of thorns has been held in Paris since 1239 and at Notre-Dame since 1806, along with a piece of the true cross and a nail from the crucifixion. The veneration ceremony usually takes place on the first Friday of each month, every Friday of Lent, and on Good Friday. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    290319_CouronneEpinesNDP_MC_36.jpg
  • Reliquary of the Crown of Thorns, a tube of crystal and gold, with a perforated frame depicting a branch of zizyphus or Spina Christi, made by silversmith M Poussielgue-Rusand, 1861-1933, after drawings by J-G Astruc, 1862-1950, in the Chapel of the Order of the Holy Sepulcher, in the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Paris, or Notre-Dame cathedral, built 1163-1345 in French Gothic style, on the Ile de la Cite in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, France. The crown is depicted at the Veneration of the Crown of Thorns, or Veneration de la Sainte Couronne d’Epines, on Friday 29th March 2019, by the Ordre des Chevaliers du Saint Sepulcre, or the Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem, guardians of the relics of Christ's Passion since 1920. The crown of thorns has been held in Paris since 1239 and at Notre-Dame since 1806, along with a piece of the true cross and a nail from the crucifixion. The veneration ceremony usually takes place on the first Friday of each month, every Friday of Lent, and on Good Friday. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    290319_CouronneEpinesNDP_MC_35.jpg
  • Reliquary of the Crown of Thorns, a tube of crystal and gold, with a perforated frame depicting a branch of zizyphus or Spina Christi, made by silversmith M Poussielgue-Rusand, 1861-1933, after drawings by J-G Astruc, 1862-1950, in the Chapel of the Order of the Holy Sepulcher, in the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Paris, or Notre-Dame cathedral, built 1163-1345 in French Gothic style, on the Ile de la Cite in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, France. The crown is depicted at the Veneration of the Crown of Thorns, or Veneration de la Sainte Couronne d’Epines, on Friday 29th March 2019, by the Ordre des Chevaliers du Saint Sepulcre, or the Order of the Knights of the Holy Sepulcher of Jerusalem, guardians of the relics of Christ's Passion since 1920. The crown of thorns has been held in Paris since 1239 and at Notre-Dame since 1806, along with a piece of the true cross and a nail from the crucifixion. The veneration ceremony usually takes place on the first Friday of each month, every Friday of Lent, and on Good Friday. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    290319_CouronneEpinesNDP_MC_34.jpg
  • Main Grand-Moutier Cloister, at Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The cloister, built to house virgin nuns, was originally Romanesque but was rebuilt in the 16th century. Renee de Bourbon renovated the south gallery in Gothic style in 1519, then Louise de Bourbon rebuilt the 3 other galleries in classical style 1530-60. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC_1210.jpg
  • Refectory with wooden panelling and paintings by Jean Helart of the lives of Saints Ignatius of Loyola and Francis Xavier, founders of the Society of Jesus, the Jesuit Order, in the Ancien College des Jesuites or Former Jesuit College in Reims, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France. The 2 saints were friends and colleagues, co-founders of the Jesuit Order and were both canonised on the same day in Rome in 1622. The College was built 1619-78 and is now the Euro-American campus of Sciences Po, or the Institut d'Etudes politiques de Paris, and the FRAC Champagne-Ardenne. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0810.jpg
  • Refectory with wooden panelling and paintings by Jean Helart of the lives of Saints Ignatius of Loyola and Francis Xavier, founders of the Society of Jesus, the Jesuit Order, in the Ancien College des Jesuites or Former Jesuit College in Reims, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France. The 2 saints were friends and colleagues, co-founders of the Jesuit Order and were both canonised on the same day in Rome in 1622. The College was built 1619-78 and is now the Euro-American campus of Sciences Po, or the Institut d'Etudes politiques de Paris, and the FRAC Champagne-Ardenne. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0794.jpg
  • Fantastical creatures and decorative foliage on carved capitals from nave of Romanesque abbey church, built 1105-60, Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The abbey itself was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC148.jpg
  • Apostles, carved capital from nave of Romanesque abbey church, built 1105-60, Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The abbey itself was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC149.jpg
  • Christ Pantocrator, stained glass window, in the nave of the Romanesque abbey church, built 1105-60, at Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The abbey itself was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC151.jpg
  • Carved capital with kneeling man and vegetal decorative motifs, in nave of Romanesque abbey church, built 1105-60, Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The abbey itself was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC152.jpg
  • Apostles, 2 of whom are placing the shroud in the tomb with angels above lifting the Virgin's soul to Heaven, carved capitals from nave of Romanesque abbey church, built 1105-60, Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The abbey itself was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC183.jpg
  • Refectory, Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The huge 46m long refectory has a rib vaulted ceiling and Romanesque walls and is situated on the opposite side of the cloisters from the church. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC192.jpg
  • Fontevraud Abbey, with the spires of the Romanesque Abbey Church, at Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The order was dissolved during the French Revolution and the building subsequently used as a prison. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC194.jpg
  • A detail of an Ionic capital, on April 16, 2007 in Corinth, Greece. This Ionic capital amongst the ruins of Corinth is seen in the early morning light with the Temple of Apollo in the background. Standing prominently on a knoll the Temple of Apollo is one of the oldest temples in Greece. It was built in the 7th century BC in the Doric Order and seven of its original 38 columns remain. Corinth, founded in Neolithic times, was a major Ancient Greek city, until it was razed by the Romans in 146 BC.
    LCGREECE07_10_150.jpg
  • West and north galleries of the main Grand-Moutier Cloister at Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The cloister, built to house virgin nuns, was originally Romanesque but was rebuilt in the 16th century. Renee de Bourbon renovated the south gallery in Gothic style in 1519, then Louise de Bourbon rebuilt the 3 other galleries in classical style 1530-60. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0035.jpg
  • Sculpted cul-de-lampe in the form of a creature with open mouth, at the base of a vault rib in the south gallery of the main Grand-Moutier Cloister at Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The cloister was originally Romanesque but was rebuilt in the 16th century. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0101.jpg
  • Sculpted zoomorphic cul-de-lampe at the base of a vault rib in the south gallery of the main Grand-Moutier Cloister at Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The cloister was originally Romanesque but was rebuilt in the 16th century. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0103.jpg
  • Eleonore de Bourbon, abbess 1575-1611, aunt of Henri IV,  fresco, Chapter House, Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The Chapter House was built in the 16th century and its walls were painted in 1563 with frescoes of scenes from Christ's Passion by the Anjou artist Thomas Pot. The abbey itself was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC_1214.jpg
  • Reception room and dining room, 13th century (monumental fireplace added in the late Middle Ages), in the commanderie templière d'Avalleur, or Templar commandery of Avalleur, founded 1167 and used by the Knights Templar until 1312 when the order was dissolved, then by the Knights Hospitaller until the Revolution, at Bar-sur-Seine, Aube, Grand Est, France. The chapel is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1764.jpg
  • Chapel and commanderie templière d'Avalleur, or Templar commandery of Avalleur, aerial view, founded 1167 and used by the Knights Templar until 1312 when the order was dissolved, then by the Knights Hospitaller until the Revolution, at Bar-sur-Seine, Aube, Grand Est, France. The chapel is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_ LC21_FRANCE_MC_2016.jpg
  • Chapel at the commanderie templière d'Avalleur, or Templar commandery of Avalleur, founded 1167 and used by the Knights Templar until 1312 when the order was dissolved, then by the Knights Hospitaller until the Revolution, at Bar-sur-Seine, Aube, Grand Est, France. The chapel is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1765.jpg
  • Templar Commander's room, altered in the 17th and 18th centuries, in the commanderie templière d'Avalleur, or Templar commandery of Avalleur, founded 1167 and used by the Knights Templar until 1312 when the order was dissolved, then by the Knights Hospitaller until the Revolution, at Bar-sur-Seine, Aube, Grand Est, France. The chapel is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1766.jpg
  • East gallery of the main Grand-Moutier Cloister at Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The cloister, built to house virgin nuns, was originally Romanesque but was rebuilt in the 16th century. Renee de Bourbon renovated the south gallery in Gothic style in 1519, then Louise de Bourbon rebuilt the 3 other galleries in classical style 1530-60. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0031.jpg
  • Sculpted angel cul-de-lampe at the base of a vault rib in the south gallery of the main Grand-Moutier Cloister at Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The cloister was originally Romanesque but was rebuilt in the 16th century. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0032.jpg
  • Columns with Ionic capitals and the initial L, on the Grand-Moutier Cloister, rebuilt by Louise de Bourbon in classical style 1530-60, at Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0033.jpg
  • North gallery of the main Grand-Moutier Cloister at Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The cloister, built to house virgin nuns, was originally Romanesque but was rebuilt in the 16th century. Renee de Bourbon renovated the south gallery in Gothic style in 1519, then Louise de Bourbon rebuilt the 3 other galleries in classical style 1530-60. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0034.JPG
  • West gallery of the main Grand-Moutier Cloister at Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The cloister, built to house virgin nuns, was originally Romanesque but was rebuilt in the 16th century. Renee de Bourbon renovated the south gallery in Gothic style in 1519, then Louise de Bourbon rebuilt the 3 other galleries in classical style 1530-60. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0049.jpg
  • Portrait of Julie d'Antin, 36th and last abbess of Fontevraud 1765-92, who fled the Abbey due to the French Revolution, oil on canvas, 18th century, State Collection, in the Salle du Tresor, or Treasury, at Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0094.jpg
  • Sculpted winged coiled snake cul-de-lampe at the base of a vault rib in the south gallery of the main Grand-Moutier Cloister at Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The cloister was originally Romanesque but was rebuilt in the 16th century. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0098.jpg
  • Sculpted cul-de-lampe in the form of 2 birds at the base of a vault rib in the south gallery of the main Grand-Moutier Cloister at Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The cloister was originally Romanesque but was rebuilt in the 16th century. The abbey was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. The abbey is listed as a historic monument and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0099.jpg
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