manuel cohen

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  • Chateau de Montsegur, originally a 13th century Cathar castle, but rebuilt over the next 3 centuries after its capture and destruction in 1244, near Montsegur, in Ariege, Midi-Pyrenees, France. The castle sits at 1200m atop a hill known as a pog in Occitan. The original castle fell in 1244 after a 9-month siege led by Hugues de Arcis, although some cathars escaped with the castle's treasure, said by some to be the Holy Grail itself. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0162.jpg
  • Chateau de Montsegur, originally a 13th century Cathar castle, but rebuilt over the next 3 centuries after its capture and destruction in 1244, near Montsegur, in Ariege, Midi-Pyrenees, France. The castle sits at 1200m atop a hill known as a pog in Occitan. The original castle fell in 1244 after a 9-month siege led by Hugues de Arcis, although some cathars escaped with the castle's treasure, said by some to be the Holy Grail itself. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0172.jpg
  • Chateau de Montsegur, originally a 13th century Cathar castle, but rebuilt over the next 3 centuries after its capture and destruction in 1244, near Montsegur, in Ariege, Midi-Pyrenees, France. The castle sits at 1200m atop a hill known as a pog in Occitan. The original castle fell in 1244 after a 9-month siege led by Hugues de Arcis, although some cathars escaped with the castle's treasure, said by some to be the Holy Grail itself. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0164.jpg
  • Chateau de Montsegur, originally a 13th century Cathar castle, but rebuilt over the next 3 centuries after its capture and destruction in 1244, near Montsegur, in Ariege, Midi-Pyrenees, France. The castle sits at 1200m atop a hill known as a pog in Occitan. The original castle fell in 1244 after a 9-month siege led by Hugues de Arcis, although some cathars escaped with the castle's treasure, said by some to be the Holy Grail itself. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0170.jpg
  • Chateau de Montsegur, originally a 13th century Cathar castle, but rebuilt over the next 3 centuries after its capture and destruction in 1244, near Montsegur, in Ariege, Midi-Pyrenees, France. The castle sits at 1200m atop a hill known as a pog in Occitan. The original castle fell in 1244 after a 9-month siege led by Hugues de Arcis, although some cathars escaped with the castle's treasure, said by some to be the Holy Grail itself. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0171.jpg
  • Chateau de Montsegur, originally a 13th century Cathar castle, but rebuilt over the next 3 centuries after its capture and destruction in 1244, near Montsegur, in Ariege, Midi-Pyrenees, France. The castle sits at 1200m atop a hill known as a pog in Occitan. The original castle fell in 1244 after a 9-month siege led by Hugues de Arcis, although some cathars escaped with the castle's treasure, said by some to be the Holy Grail itself. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0192.jpg
  • Chateau de Montsegur, originally a 13th century Cathar castle, but rebuilt over the next 3 centuries after its capture and destruction in 1244, near Montsegur, in Ariege, Midi-Pyrenees, France. The castle sits at 1200m atop a hill known as a pog in Occitan. The original castle fell in 1244 after a 9-month siege led by Hugues de Arcis, although some cathars escaped with the castle's treasure, said by some to be the Holy Grail itself. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0160.jpg
  • Chateau de Montsegur, originally a 13th century Cathar castle, but rebuilt over the next 3 centuries after its capture and destruction in 1244, near Montsegur, in Ariege, Midi-Pyrenees, France. The castle sits at 1200m atop a hill known as a pog in Occitan. The original castle fell in 1244 after a 9-month siege led by Hugues de Arcis, although some cathars escaped with the castle's treasure, said by some to be the Holy Grail itself. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0161.jpg
  • Chateau de Montsegur, originally a 13th century Cathar castle, but rebuilt over the next 3 centuries after its capture and destruction in 1244, near Montsegur, in Ariege, Midi-Pyrenees, France. The castle sits at 1200m atop a hill known as a pog in Occitan. The original castle fell in 1244 after a 9-month siege led by Hugues de Arcis, although some cathars escaped with the castle's treasure, said by some to be the Holy Grail itself. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0158.jpg
  • Chateau de Montsegur, originally a 13th century Cathar castle, but rebuilt over the next 3 centuries after its capture and destruction in 1244, near Montsegur, in Ariege, Midi-Pyrenees, France. The castle sits at 1200m atop a hill known as a pog in Occitan. The original castle fell in 1244 after a 9-month siege led by Hugues de Arcis, although some cathars escaped with the castle's treasure, said by some to be the Holy Grail itself. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0159.JPG
  • Tour de la Dame Blanche or White Lady Tower, Puilaurens Castle, Chateau de Puilaurens, Cathar castle, Lapradelle-Puilaurens, Boulzane Valley, Aude, France.  Also called Puylaurens, or lo Castel de Pueg-Laurenc in Occitan, this 12th century ruined castle had belonged to the Abbey of Saint-Michel de Cuxa before being acquired by the Queen of Aragon in 1162. It changed hands many times during the Albigensian Crusade. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC064.jpg
  • Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. View from a distance showing steep cliffs which act as a natural defense. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC013.jpg
  • Chapelle San Jordi (left) and High Castle (right), Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Evening view with moonrise. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC043.jpg
  • Chapelle San Jordi (left) and High Castle (right), Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. This view shows the steep cliffs which are a natural defense. Evening view with golden light and moonrise. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC045.jpg
  • Chapelle San Jordi (on left) and High Castle (on right), Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC017.jpg
  • An entrance door to the Lower Castle and above, view of Chapelle San Jordi (left) and High Castle (right), Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC056.jpg
  • Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. View from a distance showing steep cliffs which act as a natural defense. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC105.jpg
  • Puilaurens Castle, Chateau de Puilaurens, Cathar castle, Lapradelle-Puilaurens, Boulzane Valley, Aude, France.  Also called Puylaurens, or lo Castel de Pueg-Laurenc in Occitan, this 12th century ruined castle had belonged to the Abbey of Saint-Michel de Cuxa before being acquired by the Queen of Aragon in 1162. It changed hands many times during the Albigensian Crusade. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC102.jpg
  • Lower Castle, Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC049.jpg
  • Lower Castle, Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC054.jpg
  • Old keep of Lower Castle, Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This view shows the steep cliffs which form a natural defense. The castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC015.jpg
  • Top of the Buttress of the old keep (Lower Castle), Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, lower, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC018.jpg
  • Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau de Peyrepertuse, aerial view, a ruined Cathar castle in Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the Five Sons of Carcassonne or Cinq Fils de Carcassonne and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC20_FRANCE_MC_0356.jpg
  • Buttress and tower of Lower Castle, Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC089.jpg
  • Buttress of Lower Castle, Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC055.jpg
  • Entrance of the old keep of the Lower Castle, Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC020.jpg
  • Church Sainte Marie de Peyrepertuse, showing ancient entrance door of the church and cistern on the right, Lower Castle, Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC003.jpg
  • Lower Castle, Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC084.jpg
  • Puilaurens Castle, Chateau de Puilaurens, Cathar castle, Lapradelle-Puilaurens, Boulzane Valley, Aude, France.  Also called Puylaurens, or lo Castel de Pueg-Laurenc in Occitan, this 12th century ruined castle had belonged to the Abbey of Saint-Michel de Cuxa before being acquired by the Queen of Aragon in 1162. It changed hands many times during the Albigensian Crusade. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC062.jpg
  • Chapelle San Jordi (left) and High Castle (right), Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC059.jpg
  • Buttress of Lower Castle (right) and in the distance, Chapelle San Jordi (left) and High Castle (right), Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC060.jpg
  • Lower Castle, Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC050.jpg
  • Chapelle San Jordi (High Castle) and Lower Castle in the distance, Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Evening view showing Pyrenees in the distance. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC040.jpg
  • Old keep of the Lower Castle, Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. This view shows the steep cliffs which are a natural defense. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC016.jpg
  • Chapelle San Jordi (left) and High Castle (right), Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. This view shows the steep cliffs which are a natural defense. Evening view with moonrise. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC042.jpg
  • Lower Castle, Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC088.jpg
  • Chapelle San Jordi (left) and High Castle (right), Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC101.jpg
  • Chapelle San Jordi (left) and High Castle (right), Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. This view shows the steep cliffs which are a natural defense. Evening view with moonrise. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC046.jpg
  • Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau de Peyrepertuse, aerial view, a ruined Cathar castle in Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the Five Sons of Carcassonne or Cinq fils de Carcassonne and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0468.jpg
  • Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau de Peyrepertuse, a ruined Cathar castle in Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the Five Sons of Carcassonne or Cinq fils de Carcassonne and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0386.jpg
  • Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau de Peyrepertuse, aerial view, a ruined Cathar castle in Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the Five Sons of Carcassonne or Cinq Fils de Carcassonne and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC20_FRANCE_MC_0355.jpg
  • Lower Castle, Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC019.jpg
  • View of Lower Castle, Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC085.jpg
  • Lower Castle, Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC051.jpg
  • Lower Castle, Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC052.jpg
  • Old keep of the Lower Castle, Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. This view shows steep cliffs which act as natural defenses. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC014.jpg
  • Chapelle San Jordi (left) and High Castle (right) seen through the door of a watchtower of the Lower Castle, Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC047.jpg
  • Keep seen from the court of the castle, Puilaurens Castle, Chateau de Puilaurens, Cathar castle, Lapradelle-Puilaurens, Boulzane Valley, Aude, France.  Also called Puylaurens, or lo Castel de Pueg-Laurenc in Occitan, this 12th century ruined castle had belonged to the Abbey of Saint-Michel de Cuxa before being acquired by the Queen of Aragon in 1162. It changed hands many times during the Albigensian Crusade. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC066.jpg
  • Puilaurens Castle, Chateau de Puilaurens, Cathar castle, Lapradelle-Puilaurens, Boulzane Valley, Aude, France.  Also called Puylaurens, or lo Castel de Pueg-Laurenc in Occitan, this 12th century ruined castle had belonged to the Abbey of Saint-Michel de Cuxa before being acquired by the Queen of Aragon in 1162. It changed hands many times during the Albigensian Crusade. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC068.jpg
  • Chapelle San Jordi (left) and High Castle (right), Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC021.jpg
  • Court of the Lower Castle, Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This view of the court shows a staircase and collapsed side wall. The castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC001.jpg
  • Church Sainte Marie de Peyrepertuse, Lower Castle, Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC002.jpg
  • Lower Castle seen from High Castle, Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC087.jpg
  • Puilaurens Castle, Chateau de Puilaurens, Cathar castle, Lapradelle-Puilaurens, Boulzane Valley, Aude, France.  Also called Puylaurens, or lo Castel de Pueg-Laurenc in Occitan, this 12th century ruined castle had belonged to the Abbey of Saint-Michel de Cuxa before being acquired by the Queen of Aragon in 1162. It changed hands many times during the Albigensian Crusade. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. View from below showing forest and hilltop location. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC063.jpg
  • Chapelle San Jordi (left) and High Castle (right), Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC058.jpg
  • Chapelle San Jordi (left) and High Castle (right), Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC048.jpg
  • Chapelle San Jordi (left) and High Castle (right), Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This view shows the steep cliffs which are a natural defense. The castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC057.jpg
  • Puilaurens Castle, Chateau de Puilaurens, Cathar castle, Lapradelle-Puilaurens, Boulzane Valley, Aude, France.  Also called Puylaurens, or lo Castel de Pueg-Laurenc in Occitan, this 12th century ruined castle had belonged to the Abbey of Saint-Michel de Cuxa before being acquired by the Queen of Aragon in 1162. It changed hands many times during the Albigensian Crusade. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC067.jpg
  • Lower Castle seen from High Castle, Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. View shows hilltop location and Pyrenees surrounding site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC086.jpg
  • Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Panoramic view showing steep cliffs which are a natural defense. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC093.jpg
  • Lower Castle, Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC053.jpg
  • Lower Castle, Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC100.jpg
  • Chapelle San Jordi (left) and High Castle (right), Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. This view shows the steep cliffs which are a natural defense. Evening view with golden light and moonrise. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC041.jpg
  • Chapelle San Jordi (left) and High Castle (right), Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau Pierre Pertuse, Cathar Castle, Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Evening view with moonrise. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC044.jpg
  • Entrance to Tour de la Dame Blanche or White Lady Tower, Puilaurens Castle, Chateau de Puilaurens, Cathar castle, Lapradelle-Puilaurens, Boulzane Valley, Aude, France.  Also called Puylaurens, or lo Castel de Pueg-Laurenc in Occitan, this 12th century ruined castle had belonged to the Abbey of Saint-Michel de Cuxa before being acquired by the Queen of Aragon in 1162. It changed hands many times during the Albigensian Crusade. It is one of the "Five Sons of Carcassonne" or "cinq fils de Carcassonne" and is a listed monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC065.jpg
  • Puilaurens Castle or Chateau de Puilaurens, a ruined 12th century Cathar castle, in Lapradelle-Puilaurens, Boulzane Valley, Aude, France. Also called Puylaurens, or lo Castel de Pueg-Laurenc in Occitan, the castle belonged to the Abbey of Saint-Michel de Cuxa before being acquired by the Queen of Aragon in 1162. It changed hands many times during the Albigensian Crusade. It is one of the Five Sons of Carcassonne or Cinq fils de Carcassonne and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0142.jpg
  • Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau de Peyrepertuse, a ruined Cathar castle in Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the Five Sons of Carcassonne or Cinq fils de Carcassonne and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0147.jpg
  • Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau de Peyrepertuse, a ruined Cathar castle in Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the Five Sons of Carcassonne or Cinq fils de Carcassonne and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0150.jpg
  • Square Pinte Tower on the left, Justice Tower on the right, Citadel of Carcassonne, Aude, France. Carcassonne was a stronghold of Occitan Cathars during the Albigensian Crusades but was captured by Simon de Montfort in 1209. He added extra fortifications and Carcassonne became a citadel on the French border with Aragon. The fortress restored in 1853 by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC407.jpg
  • Square Pinte Tower at twilight, Citadel of Carcassonne, Aude, France. Carcassonne was a stronghold of Occitan Cathars during the Albigensian Crusades but was captured by Simon de Montfort in 1209. He added extra fortifications and Carcassonne became a citadel on the French border with Aragon. The fortress restored in 1853 by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC408.jpg
  • Aude Gate and Comtal Castle, with square Pinte Tower on the left, Justice Tower on the right, Citadel of Carcassonne, Aude, France. Carcassonne was a stronghold of Occitan Cathars during the Albigensian Crusades but was captured by Simon de Montfort in 1209. He added extra fortifications and Carcassonne became a citadel on the French border with Aragon. The fortress restored in 1853 by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC412.jpg
  • Puilaurens Castle or Chateau de Puilaurens, a ruined 12th century Cathar castle, in Lapradelle-Puilaurens, Boulzane Valley, Aude, France. Also called Puylaurens, or lo Castel de Pueg-Laurenc in Occitan, the castle belonged to the Abbey of Saint-Michel de Cuxa before being acquired by the Queen of Aragon in 1162. It changed hands many times during the Albigensian Crusade. It is one of the Five Sons of Carcassonne or Cinq fils de Carcassonne and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0139.jpg
  • Puilaurens Castle or Chateau de Puilaurens, a ruined 12th century Cathar castle, in Lapradelle-Puilaurens, Boulzane Valley, Aude, France. Also called Puylaurens, or lo Castel de Pueg-Laurenc in Occitan, the castle belonged to the Abbey of Saint-Michel de Cuxa before being acquired by the Queen of Aragon in 1162. It changed hands many times during the Albigensian Crusade. It is one of the Five Sons of Carcassonne or Cinq fils de Carcassonne and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0140.jpg
  • Citadel of Carcassonne at twilight, 13th century, Carcassonne, Aude, France. The two outer walls of the concentric fortified city are defended by towers and barbicans, and a draw bridge across a moat leads to the keep of the castle. Carcassonne was a stronghold of Occitan Cathars during the Albigensian Crusades but was captured by Simon de Montfort in 1209. He added extra fortifications and Carcassonne became a citadel on the French border with Aragon. The fortress was restored in 1853 by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC13_FRANCE_MC420.jpg
  • Aude Gate, Citadel of Carcassonne, Aude, France. Carcassonne was a stronghold of Occitan Cathars during the Albigensian Crusades but was captured by Simon de Montfort in 1209. He added extra fortifications and Carcassonne became a citadel on the French border with Aragon. The fortress restored in 1853 by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC414.jpg
  • Citadel of Carcassonne at twilight, 13th century, Carcassonne, Aude, France. The two outer walls of the concentric fortified city are defended by towers and barbicans, and a draw bridge across a moat leads to the keep of the castle. Carcassonne was a stronghold of Occitan Cathars during the Albigensian Crusades but was captured by Simon de Montfort in 1209. He added extra fortifications and Carcassonne became a citadel on the French border with Aragon. The fortress was restored in 1853 by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC13_FRANCE_MC409.jpg
  • Aude Gate, Citadel of Carcassonne, Aude, France. Carcassonne was a stronghold of Occitan Cathars during the Albigensian Crusades but was captured by Simon de Montfort in 1209. He added extra fortifications and Carcassonne became a citadel on the French border with Aragon. The fortress restored in 1853 by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC406.jpg
  • General view of The Upper Lists (sloping terrain between the two lines of defences), with, on the left, the Balthazar Tower, Saint Laurent Tower, Trauquet Tower, Saint Sernin Tower and the twin Narbonne Towers; on the right, Tower of la Peyre, the barbican and the Tower of Berard (roof only) in the distance, 13th century, Citadel of Carcassonne, Aude, France, pictured on February 24, 2007, under a stormy winter evening sky. The two outer walls of the concentric fortified city are defended by towers and barbicans, and a draw bridge across a moat leads to the keep of the castle. Carcassonne was a stronghold of Occitan Cathars during the Albigensian Crusades but was captured by Simon de Montfort in 1209. He added extra fortifications and Carcassonne became a citadel on the French border with Aragon. The fortress was restored in 1853 by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    ACARCASSONNE070035.jpg
  • Puilaurens Castle or Chateau de Puilaurens, a ruined 12th century Cathar castle, in Lapradelle-Puilaurens, Boulzane Valley, Aude, France. Also called Puylaurens, or lo Castel de Pueg-Laurenc in Occitan, the castle belonged to the Abbey of Saint-Michel de Cuxa before being acquired by the Queen of Aragon in 1162. It changed hands many times during the Albigensian Crusade. It is one of the Five Sons of Carcassonne or Cinq fils de Carcassonne and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0138.jpg
  • Puilaurens Castle or Chateau de Puilaurens, a ruined 12th century Cathar castle, in Lapradelle-Puilaurens, Boulzane Valley, Aude, France. Also called Puylaurens, or lo Castel de Pueg-Laurenc in Occitan, the castle belonged to the Abbey of Saint-Michel de Cuxa before being acquired by the Queen of Aragon in 1162. It changed hands many times during the Albigensian Crusade. It is one of the Five Sons of Carcassonne or Cinq fils de Carcassonne and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0145.jpg
  • Puilaurens Castle or Chateau de Puilaurens, a ruined 12th century Cathar castle, in Lapradelle-Puilaurens, Boulzane Valley, Aude, France. Also called Puylaurens, or lo Castel de Pueg-Laurenc in Occitan, the castle belonged to the Abbey of Saint-Michel de Cuxa before being acquired by the Queen of Aragon in 1162. It changed hands many times during the Albigensian Crusade. It is one of the Five Sons of Carcassonne or Cinq fils de Carcassonne and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0188.jpg
  • Square Pinte Tower at twilight, Citadel of Carcassonne, Aude, France. Carcassonne was a stronghold of Occitan Cathars during the Albigensian Crusades but was captured by Simon de Montfort in 1209. He added extra fortifications and Carcassonne became a citadel on the French border with Aragon. The fortress restored in 1853 by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC415.jpg
  • Citadel of Carcassonne at sunset, 13th century, Carcassonne, Aude, France. The two outer walls of the concentric fortified city are defended by towers and barbicans, and a draw bridge across a moat leads to the keep of the castle. Carcassonne was a stronghold of Occitan Cathars during the Albigensian Crusades but was captured by Simon de Montfort in 1209. He added extra fortifications and Carcassonne became a citadel on the French border with Aragon. The fortress was restored in 1853 by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC13_FRANCE_MC400.jpg
  • Citadel of Carcassonne at sunset, 13th century, Carcassonne, Aude, France. The two outer walls of the concentric fortified city are defended by towers and barbicans, and a draw bridge across a moat leads to the keep of the castle. Carcassonne was a stronghold of Occitan Cathars during the Albigensian Crusades but was captured by Simon de Montfort in 1209. He added extra fortifications and Carcassonne became a citadel on the French border with Aragon. The fortress was restored in 1853 by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC13_FRANCE_MC401.jpg
  • General view of Citadel of Carcassonne, 13th century, and adjacent vineyard, Carcassonne, Aude, France, pictured on February 24, 2007, on a cloudy winter afternoon. The two outer walls of the concentric fortified city are defended by towers and barbicans, and a draw bridge across a moat leads to the keep of the castle. Carcassonne was a stronghold of Occitan Cathars during the Albigensian Crusades but was captured by Simon de Montfort in 1209. He added extra fortifications and Carcassonne became a citadel on the French border with Aragon. The fortress was restored in 1853 by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    ACARCASSONNE070041.jpg
  • Low angle view of Citadel of Carcassonne, 13th century, and adjacent vineyard, Carcassonne, Aude, France, pictured on February 24, 2007, at midday on a cloudy winter's day. The two outer walls of the concentric fortified city are defended by towers and barbicans, and a draw bridge across a moat leads to the keep of the castle. Carcassonne was a stronghold of Occitan Cathars during the Albigensian Crusades but was captured by Simon de Montfort in 1209. He added extra fortifications and Carcassonne became a citadel on the French border with Aragon. The fortress was restored in 1853 by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    ACARCASSONNE070039.jpg
  • General view of Citadel of Carcassonne, 13th century, and adjacent vineyard, Carcassonne, Aude, France, pictured on February 24, 2007, at midday on a cloudy winter's day. The two outer walls of the concentric fortified city are defended by towers and barbicans, and a draw bridge across a moat leads to the keep of the castle. Carcassonne was a stronghold of Occitan Cathars during the Albigensian Crusades but was captured by Simon de Montfort in 1209. He added extra fortifications and Carcassonne became a citadel on the French border with Aragon. The fortress was restored in 1853 by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    ACARCASSONNE070038.jpg
  • Portrait of Frederic Mistral, 1830-1914, French writer and lexicographer of the Occitan language, c. 1890, photograph by Lefranc. Copyright © Collection Particuliere Tropmi / Manuel Cohen
    LC_History_MC0141.jpg
  • Puilaurens Castle or Chateau de Puilaurens, a ruined 12th century Cathar castle, in Lapradelle-Puilaurens, Boulzane Valley, Aude, France. Also called Puylaurens, or lo Castel de Pueg-Laurenc in Occitan, the castle belonged to the Abbey of Saint-Michel de Cuxa before being acquired by the Queen of Aragon in 1162. It changed hands many times during the Albigensian Crusade. It is one of the Five Sons of Carcassonne or Cinq fils de Carcassonne and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0137.jpg
  • Puilaurens Castle or Chateau de Puilaurens, a ruined 12th century Cathar castle, in Lapradelle-Puilaurens, Boulzane Valley, Aude, France. Also called Puylaurens, or lo Castel de Pueg-Laurenc in Occitan, the castle belonged to the Abbey of Saint-Michel de Cuxa before being acquired by the Queen of Aragon in 1162. It changed hands many times during the Albigensian Crusade. It is one of the Five Sons of Carcassonne or Cinq fils de Carcassonne and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0141.jpg
  • Puilaurens Castle or Chateau de Puilaurens, a ruined 12th century Cathar castle, in Lapradelle-Puilaurens, Boulzane Valley, Aude, France. Also called Puylaurens, or lo Castel de Pueg-Laurenc in Occitan, the castle belonged to the Abbey of Saint-Michel de Cuxa before being acquired by the Queen of Aragon in 1162. It changed hands many times during the Albigensian Crusade. It is one of the Five Sons of Carcassonne or Cinq fils de Carcassonne and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0144.jpg
  • Puilaurens Castle or Chateau de Puilaurens, a ruined 12th century Cathar castle, in Lapradelle-Puilaurens, Boulzane Valley, Aude, France. Also called Puylaurens, or lo Castel de Pueg-Laurenc in Occitan, the castle belonged to the Abbey of Saint-Michel de Cuxa before being acquired by the Queen of Aragon in 1162. It changed hands many times during the Albigensian Crusade. It is one of the Five Sons of Carcassonne or Cinq fils de Carcassonne and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0143.jpg
  • Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau de Peyrepertuse, a ruined Cathar castle in Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the Five Sons of Carcassonne or Cinq fils de Carcassonne and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0146.jpg
  • Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau de Peyrepertuse, a ruined Cathar castle in Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the Five Sons of Carcassonne or Cinq fils de Carcassonne and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0148.jpg
  • Peyrepertuse Castle or Chateau de Peyrepertuse, a ruined Cathar castle in Duilhac-sous-Peyrepertuse, Corbieres, Aude, France. This castle consists of a Lower Castle built by the Kings of Aragon in the 11th century and a High Castle built by Louis IX in the 13th century, joined by a huge staircase. Its name means pierced rock in Occitan and it has been associated with the Counts of Narbonne and Barcelona. It is one of the Five Sons of Carcassonne or Cinq fils de Carcassonne and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0149.jpg
  • Aude Gate and Comtal Castle, with square Pinte Tower on the left, Justice Tower on the right, Citadel of Carcassonne, Aude, France. Carcassonne was a stronghold of Occitan Cathars during the Albigensian Crusades but was captured by Simon de Montfort in 1209. He added extra fortifications and Carcassonne became a citadel on the French border with Aragon. The fortress restored in 1853 by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC419.jpg
  • Citadel of Carcassonne at sunset, 13th century, Carcassonne, Aude, France. The two outer walls of the concentric fortified city are defended by towers and barbicans, and a draw bridge across a moat leads to the keep of the castle. Carcassonne was a stronghold of Occitan Cathars during the Albigensian Crusades but was captured by Simon de Montfort in 1209. He added extra fortifications and Carcassonne became a citadel on the French border with Aragon. The fortress was restored in 1853 by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC13_FRANCE_MC418.jpg
  • Aude Gate and Comtal Castle, with square Pinte Tower on the left, Justice Tower on the right, Citadel of Carcassonne, Aude, France. Carcassonne was a stronghold of Occitan Cathars during the Albigensian Crusades but was captured by Simon de Montfort in 1209. He added extra fortifications and Carcassonne became a citadel on the French border with Aragon. The fortress restored in 1853 by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC416.jpg
  • Comtal Castle, seen from the Lower Lists (sloping terrain between the two lines of defences), Citadel of Carcassonne, Aude, France. Carcassonne was a stronghold of Occitan Cathars during the Albigensian Crusades but was captured by Simon de Montfort in 1209. He added extra fortifications and Carcassonne became a citadel on the French border with Aragon. The fortress restored in 1853 by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC410.jpg
  • Aude Gate and Comtal Castle, with square Pinte Tower on the left, Justice Tower on the right, Citadel of Carcassonne, Aude, France. Carcassonne was a stronghold of Occitan Cathars during the Albigensian Crusades but was captured by Simon de Montfort in 1209. He added extra fortifications and Carcassonne became a citadel on the French border with Aragon. The fortress restored in 1853 by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC413.JPG
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