manuel cohen

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  • Nymphaeum, a monument consecrated to the nymphs, 1st century AD, in the Roman settlement of Valeria, founded 93-82 BC, near the village of Valeria, in Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. The decorative fountains of the nymphaeum feed the forum, the tabernae (shops or workshops) and the main street. This is the largest nymphaeum in Roman Spain and is 105m long. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_011.jpg
  • Nymphaeum of Septimius Severus, 2nd century AD, a monumental fountain dedicated to the goddess Artemis and to the emperor, on the edge of the southern baths, in Perga, an ancient Pamphylian city ruled by the Persians, Greeks and Romans, in Antalya, Turkey. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_022.jpg
  • Nymphaeum (left), basilica (right), a large rectangular meeting hall, and agora or main square (front), at Aspendos, an ancient Greco-Roman city in Antalya Province, Turkey. The Roman nymphaeum, built 2nd - 3rd century AD, a monument consecrated to water nymphs, has 2 storeys with 5 niches in each, and previously was fronted by an Ionic colonnade. Although settled before 1000 BC, Aspendos grew under the Greeks and subsequently the Persians and Romans, before declining in importance from the 4th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_100.jpg
  • Nymphaeum, a monument consecrated to the nymphs, 1st century AD, aerial view, in the Roman settlement of Valeria, founded 93-82 BC, near the village of Valeria, in Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. The decorative fountains of the nymphaeum feed the forum, the tabernae (shops or workshops) and the main street. This is the largest nymphaeum in Roman Spain and is 105m long. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC20_SPAIN_MC_017.jpg
  • Nymphaeum, a monument consecrated to the nymphs, 1st century AD, in the Roman settlement of Valeria, founded 93-82 BC, near the village of Valeria, in Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. The decorative fountains of the nymphaeum feed the forum, the tabernae (shops or workshops) and the main street. This is the largest nymphaeum in Roman Spain and is 105m long. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_008.jpg
  • Nymphaeum, a monument consecrated to the nymphs, 1st century AD, in the Roman settlement of Valeria, founded 93-82 BC, near the village of Valeria, in Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. The decorative fountains of the nymphaeum feed the forum, the tabernae (shops or workshops) and the main street. This is the largest nymphaeum in Roman Spain and is 105m long. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_010.JPG
  • Nymphaeum (left), basilica (right), a large rectangular meeting hall, and agora or main square (front), at Aspendos, an ancient Greco-Roman city in Antalya Province, Turkey. The Roman nymphaeum, built 2nd - 3rd century AD, a monument consecrated to water nymphs, has 2 storeys with 5 niches in each, and previously was fronted by an Ionic colonnade. Although settled before 1000 BC, Aspendos grew under the Greeks and subsequently the Persians and Romans, before declining in importance from the 4th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_079.jpg
  • Nymphaeum (left), basilica (right), a large rectangular meeting hall, and agora or main square (front), at Aspendos, an ancient Greco-Roman city in Antalya Province, Turkey. The Roman nymphaeum, built 2nd - 3rd century AD, a monument consecrated to water nymphs, has 2 storeys with 5 niches in each, and previously was fronted by an Ionic colonnade. Although settled before 1000 BC, Aspendos grew under the Greeks and subsequently the Persians and Romans, before declining in importance from the 4th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_080.jpg
  • Roman Nymphaeum, a fountain dedicated to the nymphs, 2nd century AD, Butrint, Chaonia, Albania. The Nymphaeum is a brick structure with 3 niches and a basin. Butrint was founded by the Greek Chaonian tribe and was a port throughout Hellenistic and Roman times, when it was known as Buthrotum. It was ruled by the Byzantines and the Venetians and finally abandoned in the Middle Ages. The ruins at Butrint were listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Albania_MC232.jpg
  • Mosaic in the niches of the Nymphaeum of the Gymnasium, a fountain dedicated to the nymphs, Roman, 2nd century AD, Butrint, Chaonia, Albania. The Nymphaeum is a brick structure, originally plastered, with 3 niches and a quadrangular basin which was supplied with water from the aqueduct. Butrint was founded by the Greek Chaonian tribe and was a port throughout Hellenistic and Roman times, when it was known as Buthrotum. It was ruled by the Byzantines and the Venetians and finally abandoned in the Middle Ages. The ruins at Butrint were listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Albania_MC257.jpg
  • Nymphaeum (left), basilica (right), a large rectangular meeting hall, and agora or main square (front), at Aspendos, an ancient Greco-Roman city in Antalya Province, Turkey. The Roman nymphaeum, built 2nd - 3rd century AD, a monument consecrated to water nymphs, has 2 storeys with 5 niches in each, and previously was fronted by an Ionic colonnade. Although settled before 1000 BC, Aspendos grew under the Greeks and subsequently the Persians and Romans, before declining in importance from the 4th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_081.jpg
  • Nymphaeum (left) and basilica, a large rectangular meeting hall  (right), at Aspendos, an ancient Greco-Roman city in Antalya Province, Turkey. The Roman nymphaeum, built 2nd - 3rd century AD, a monument consecrated to water nymphs, has 2 storeys with 5 niches in each, and previously was fronted by an Ionic colonnade. Although settled before 1000 BC, Aspendos grew under the Greeks and subsequently the Persians and Romans, before declining in importance from the 4th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_083.jpg
  • Carved frieze in the Nymphaeum, Roman, 2nd - 3rd century AD, monument consecrated to water nymphs, at Aspendos, an ancient Greco-Roman city in Antalya Province, Turkey. The nymphaeum has 2 storeys with 5 niches in each, and previously was fronted by an Ionic colonnade. Although settled before 1000 BC, Aspendos grew under the Greeks and subsequently the Persians and Romans, before declining in importance from the 4th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_088.jpg
  • Nymphaeum (left), basilica (right), a large rectangular meeting hall, and agora or main square (front), at Aspendos, an ancient Greco-Roman city in Antalya Province, Turkey. The Roman nymphaeum, built 2nd - 3rd century AD, a monument consecrated to water nymphs, has 2 storeys with 5 niches in each, and previously was fronted by an Ionic colonnade. Although settled before 1000 BC, Aspendos grew under the Greeks and subsequently the Persians and Romans, before declining in importance from the 4th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_096.jpg
  • Nymphaeum, a monument consecrated to the nymphs, 1st century AD, in the Roman settlement of Valeria, founded 93-82 BC, near the village of Valeria, in Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. The decorative fountains of the nymphaeum feed the forum, the tabernae (shops or workshops) and the main street. This is the largest nymphaeum in Roman Spain and is 105m long. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_009.jpg
  • The 3-sided Nymphaeum, a Classical monument dedicated to nymphs, usually at a grotto or spring, with benches, statues in niches and an inscription, in the Garden of Bomarzo, also known as the Sacro Bosco or Sacred Grove, or the Parco dei Mostri or Park of the Monsters, a monumental Mannerist park complex, c. 1550, made by Pier Francesco Orsini, or Vicino, 1523–1585, Duke of Orsini, designed by Pirro Ligorio, 1512-83, with sculptures by Simone Moschino, 1533-1610, in Bomarzo, Viterbo, Lazio, Italy. The gardens are in a wood at the bottom of a valley beneath the Castle of Orsini, with many large sculptures, small buildings and inscribed poems. The layout of the garden is chaotic, in contrast with formal Renaissance gardens, and it has a surrealistic air. The garden was restored in the 1970s and is now a major tourist attraction. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ITALY_MC_0375.jpg
  • Carved frieze in the Nymphaeum, Roman, 2nd - 3rd century AD, monument consecrated to water nymphs, at Aspendos, an ancient Greco-Roman city in Antalya Province, Turkey. The nymphaeum has 2 storeys with 5 niches in each, and previously was fronted by an Ionic colonnade. Although settled before 1000 BC, Aspendos grew under the Greeks and subsequently the Persians and Romans, before declining in importance from the 4th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_087.jpg
  • Nymphaeum, a monument consecrated to the nymphs, 1st century AD, aerial view, in the Roman settlement of Valeria, founded 93-82 BC, near the village of Valeria, in Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. The decorative fountains of the nymphaeum feed the forum, the tabernae (shops or workshops) and the main street. This is the largest nymphaeum in Roman Spain and is 105m long. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC20_SPAIN_MC_016.jpg
  • Mosaic in the niches of the Nymphaeum of the Gymnasium, a fountain dedicated to the nymphs, Roman, 2nd century AD, Butrint, Chaonia, Albania. The Nymphaeum is a brick structure, originally plastered, with 3 niches and a quadrangular basin which was supplied with water from the aqueduct. Butrint was founded by the Greek Chaonian tribe and was a port throughout Hellenistic and Roman times, when it was known as Buthrotum. It was ruled by the Byzantines and the Venetians and finally abandoned in the Middle Ages. The ruins at Butrint were listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Albania_MC256.jpg
  • Nymphaeum of Septimius Severus (left), 2nd century AD, a monumental fountain dedicated to the goddess Artemis and to the emperor, on the edge of the southern baths, and (right) the Hellenistic Gate, with 2 towers originally built in Hellenistic times and later rebuilt, in Perga, an ancient Pamphylian city ruled by the Persians, Greeks and Romans, in Antalya, Turkey. The Gate is in the north of Septimius Severus Square, with 2 oval towers built in the 3rd century BC, supported by vaults. Behind the towers is a horseshoe shaped courtyard. The towers were used in defence and were extended in Roman times. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_065.jpg
  • Nymphaeum of the Gymnasium, a fountain dedicated to the nymphs, Roman, 2nd century AD, Butrint, Chaonia, Albania. The Nymphaeum is a brick structure, originally plastered, with 3 niches and a quadrangular basin which was supplied with water from the aqueduct. Butrint was founded by the Greek Chaonian tribe and was a port throughout Hellenistic and Roman times, when it was known as Buthrotum. It was ruled by the Byzantines and the Venetians and finally abandoned in the Middle Ages. The ruins at Butrint were listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Albania_MC229.jpg
  • Nymphaeum (left), basilica (right), a large rectangular meeting hall, and agora or main square (front), at Aspendos, an ancient Greco-Roman city in Antalya Province, Turkey. The Roman nymphaeum, built 2nd - 3rd century AD, a monument consecrated to water nymphs, has 2 storeys with 5 niches in each, and previously was fronted by an Ionic colonnade. Although settled before 1000 BC, Aspendos grew under the Greeks and subsequently the Persians and Romans, before declining in importance from the 4th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_097.jpg
  • The 3-sided Nymphaeum, a Classical monument dedicated to nymphs, usually at a grotto or spring, with benches, statues in niches and an inscription, in the Garden of Bomarzo, also known as the Sacro Bosco or Sacred Grove, or the Parco dei Mostri or Park of the Monsters, a monumental Mannerist park complex, c. 1550, made by Pier Francesco Orsini, or Vicino, 1523–1585, Duke of Orsini, designed by Pirro Ligorio, 1512-83, with sculptures by Simone Moschino, 1533-1610, in Bomarzo, Viterbo, Lazio, Italy. The gardens are in a wood at the bottom of a valley beneath the Castle of Orsini, with many large sculptures, small buildings and inscribed poems. The layout of the garden is chaotic, in contrast with formal Renaissance gardens, and it has a surrealistic air. The garden was restored in the 1970s and is now a major tourist attraction. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ITALY_MC_0364.jpg
  • Relief sculpture of the Three Graces embracing in a niche, next to the Nymphaeum, a Classical monument dedicated to nymphs, usually at a grotto or spring, in the Garden of Bomarzo, also known as the Sacro Bosco or Sacred Grove, or the Parco dei Mostri or Park of the Monsters, a monumental Mannerist park complex, c. 1550, made by Pier Francesco Orsini, or Vicino, 1523–1585, Duke of Orsini, designed by Pirro Ligorio, 1512-83, with sculptures by Simone Moschino, 1533-1610, in Bomarzo, Viterbo, Lazio, Italy. The gardens are in a wood at the bottom of a valley beneath the Castle of Orsini, with many large sculptures, small buildings and inscribed poems. The layout of the garden is chaotic, in contrast with formal Renaissance gardens, and it has a surrealistic air. The garden was restored in the 1970s and is now a major tourist attraction. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ITALY_MC_0363.jpg
  • Relief of a winged sea creature at the Nymphaeum of Septimius Severus, 2nd century AD, a monumental fountain dedicated to the goddess Artemis and to the emperor, on the edge of the southern baths, in Perga, an ancient Pamphylian city ruled by the Persians, Greeks and Romans, in Antalya, Turkey. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_034.jpg
  • Sculpture of a mermaid on a bench near the Nymphaeum, a Classical monument dedicated to nymphs, usually at a grotto or spring, in the Garden of Bomarzo, also known as the Sacro Bosco or Sacred Grove, or the Parco dei Mostri or Park of the Monsters, a monumental Mannerist park complex, c. 1550, made by Pier Francesco Orsini, or Vicino, 1523–1585, Duke of Orsini, designed by Pirro Ligorio, 1512-83, with sculptures by Simone Moschino, 1533-1610, in Bomarzo, Viterbo, Lazio, Italy. The gardens are in a wood at the bottom of a valley beneath the Castle of Orsini, with many large sculptures, small buildings and inscribed poems. The layout of the garden is chaotic, in contrast with formal Renaissance gardens, and it has a surrealistic air. The garden was restored in the 1970s and is now a major tourist attraction. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ITALY_MC_0329.jpg
  • Detail of a statue of a man with sword an shield, in a niche in the Nymphaeum, a Classical monument dedicated to nymphs, usually at a grotto or spring, in the Garden of Bomarzo, also known as the Sacro Bosco or Sacred Grove, or the Parco dei Mostri or Park of the Monsters, a monumental Mannerist park complex, c. 1550, made by Pier Francesco Orsini, or Vicino, 1523–1585, Duke of Orsini, designed by Pirro Ligorio, 1512-83, with sculptures by Simone Moschino, 1533-1610, in Bomarzo, Viterbo, Lazio, Italy. The gardens are in a wood at the bottom of a valley beneath the Castle of Orsini, with many large sculptures, small buildings and inscribed poems. The layout of the garden is chaotic, in contrast with formal Renaissance gardens, and it has a surrealistic air. The garden was restored in the 1970s and is now a major tourist attraction. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ITALY_MC_0320.jpg
  • Nymphaeum, monumental fountain built 191 AD, Jerash, Jordan. This large fountain niche was faced with marble and painted plaster and was dedicated to the Nymphs. Water cascaded through carved lion heads into basins and then through drains into the sewer system. The Greco-Roman town of Gerasa is thought to have been founded in 331 BC by Alexander the Great. It was conquered by Pompey in 63 BC and became a prosperous Roman town. Jerash was destroyed by an earthquake in 749 AD and its ruins were discovered in 1806 and the town excavated and reconstructed. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC268.jpg
  • Relief sculpture of the Three Graces embracing in a niche, next to the Nymphaeum, a Classical monument dedicated to nymphs, usually at a grotto or spring, in the Garden of Bomarzo, also known as the Sacro Bosco or Sacred Grove, or the Parco dei Mostri or Park of the Monsters, a monumental Mannerist park complex, c. 1550, made by Pier Francesco Orsini, or Vicino, 1523–1585, Duke of Orsini, designed by Pirro Ligorio, 1512-83, with sculptures by Simone Moschino, 1533-1610, in Bomarzo, Viterbo, Lazio, Italy. The gardens are in a wood at the bottom of a valley beneath the Castle of Orsini, with many large sculptures, small buildings and inscribed poems. The layout of the garden is chaotic, in contrast with formal Renaissance gardens, and it has a surrealistic air. The garden was restored in the 1970s and is now a major tourist attraction. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ITALY_MC_0328.jpg
  • 1 Corinthian column of the Nymphaeum Temple, 2nd century AD, Nabatean Temple in the background, 1st century AD, Bosra, Syria. Each colum of the Nymphaeum Temple is 14m high and 1,20m circumference. The columns of the Nabatean Temple bear Nabatean arch footing.
    LCSYRIA05058.jpg
  • Relief of flowers and a winged sea creature at the Nymphaeum of Septimius Severus, 2nd century AD, a monumental fountain dedicated to the goddess Artemis and to the emperor, on the edge of the southern baths, in Perga, an ancient Pamphylian city ruled by the Persians, Greeks and Romans, in Antalya, Turkey. Behind is the agora, an open public square surrounded by colonnades and shops, 4th century AD. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_005.jpg
  • Colonnaded main street and behind, the nymphaeum or Nympahion of Kestros, a monumental fountain under the acropolis, in Perga, an ancient Pamphylian city ruled by the Persians, Greeks and Romans, in Antalya, Turkey. Perga has 2 main streets intersecting to divide the city into 4. The main street is 480m long and 22m wide and was used by pedestrians and vehicles. Shops with porticoes with mosaic floors line the limestone road, and an open water channel lies along its centre, with sewage systems underground. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_050.jpg
  • General view of old Bosra including (from right to left) : the Nymphaeum Temple, the Romans baths with the minaret of the mosque of Fatima in the distance and 2 of the columns of the old market on the left, Syria
    LCSYRIA05055.jpg
  • Silhouettes of the 4 Corinthian columns of the Nymphaeum Temple at sunset, 2nd century AD, Bosra, Syria. Ionic columns of the Roman baths in the background
    LCSYRIA05057.jpg
  • Nymphaeum Temple, 2nd century AD, Bosra, Syria. The 4 Corinthian columns, seen from the side, each 14m high, 1,20m circumference,  were used to supply water for irrigation as well as drinking water. In the background, on the right of the picture appears the Kalybe.
    LCSYRIA05054.jpg
  • Nymphaeum Temple, 2nd century AD, Bosra, Syria. The 4 Corinthian columns, seen from the Roman theatre, each 14m high, 1,20m circumference,  were used to supply water for irrigation as well as drinking water.
    LCSYRIA05056.jpg
  • Nymphaeum Traiani or Fountain of Trajan, 102-114 AD, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. The fountain building was donated by Tiberius Claudius Aristion and his wife in honour of Artemis of Ephesus and Emperor Trajan. A 2 storey facade surrounded the fountain on 3 sides, while the statue of Trajan, with a globe under his feet, stood over the water outlet in the central niche overlooking the pool. The pool of the fountain was 20x10m, surrounded by columns and statues of Dionysus, Satyr, Aphrodite and the family of Trajan. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC296.jpg
  • Marble font from a fountain replicating a nymphaeum, Roman, early 2nd century AD, from the peristyle or garden of a house, in the Museu Nacional Arqueologic de Tarragona, in Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain. The city was an important fortified Roman colony named Tarraco and its remains are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_SPAIN_MC_0404.JPG
  • Nymphaeum Traiani or Fountain of Trajan, 102-114 AD, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. The fountain building was donated by Tiberius Claudius Aristion and his wife in honour of Artemis of Ephesus and Emperor Trajan. A 2 storey facade surrounded the fountain on 3 sides, while the statue of Trajan, with a globe under his feet, stood over the water outlet in the central niche overlooking the pool. The pool of the fountain was 20x10m, surrounded by columns and statues of Dionysus, Satyr, Aphrodite and the family of Trajan. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC298.jpg
  • Nymphaeum Traiani or Fountain of Trajan, 102-114 AD, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. The fountain building was donated by Tiberius Claudius Aristion and his wife in honour of Artemis of Ephesus and Emperor Trajan. A 2 storey facade surrounded the fountain on 3 sides, while the statue of Trajan, with a globe under his feet, stood over the water outlet in the central niche overlooking the pool. The pool of the fountain was 20x10m, surrounded by columns and statues of Dionysus, Satyr, Aphrodite and the family of Trajan. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC398.jpg
  • Nymphaeum Traiani or Fountain of Trajan, 102-114 AD, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. The fountain building was donated by Tiberius Claudius Aristion and his wife in honour of Artemis of Ephesus and Emperor Trajan. A 2 storey facade surrounded the fountain on 3 sides, while the statue of Trajan, with a globe under his feet, stood over the water outlet in the central niche overlooking the pool. The pool of the fountain was 20x10m, surrounded by columns and statues of Dionysus, Satyr, Aphrodite and the family of Trajan. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC319.jpg
  • Asclepius, god of medicine, Roman marble statue, mid 2nd century AD, part of the decoration of the frigidarium nymphaeum in the bath at the Roman villa of Els Munts, in the Museu Nacional Arqueologic de Tarragona, in Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain. The city was an important fortified Roman colony named Tarraco and its remains are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_SPAIN_MC_0431.jpg
  • Relief of Nike, the winged goddess of victory, late 4th century AD, by the Nymphaeum Traiani or Fountain of Trajan, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. Here Nike is seen holding her common attributes, a wreath and a feather. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC708.jpg
  • Nymphaeum Traiani or Fountain of Trajan, 102-114 AD, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. The fountain building was donated by Tiberius Claudius Aristion and his wife in honour of Artemis of Ephesus and Emperor Trajan. A 2 storey facade surrounded the fountain on 3 sides, while the statue of Trajan, with a globe under his feet, stood over the water outlet in the central niche overlooking the pool. The pool of the fountain was 20x10m, surrounded by columns and statues of Dionysus, Satyr, Aphrodite and the family of Trajan. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC396.jpg
  • Nymphaeum Traiani or Fountain of Trajan, 102-114 AD, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. The fountain building was donated by Tiberius Claudius Aristion and his wife in honour of Artemis of Ephesus and Emperor Trajan. A 2 storey facade surrounded the fountain on 3 sides, while the statue of Trajan, with a globe under his feet, stood over the water outlet in the central niche overlooking the pool. The pool of the fountain was 20x10m, surrounded by columns and statues of Dionysus, Satyr, Aphrodite and the family of Trajan. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC387.jpg
  • Relief of Nike, the winged goddess of victory, late 4th century AD, by the Nymphaeum Traiani or Fountain of Trajan, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. Here Nike is seen holding her common attributes, a wreath and a feather. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC323.jpg
  • Nymphaion of Kestros, a monumental fountain under the acropolis, at the end of the colonnaded main street, in Perga, an ancient Pamphylian city ruled by the Persians, Greeks and Romans, in Antalya, Turkey. The limestone nymphaion gate complex is U-shaped and 2 storeys high, accessed via 2 passages covered by slab vaults. The fountain has a triple-arched central niche with a reclining sculpture of the river god Kestros. In the foreground is the open water channel along the centre of the main street, which is fed by the fountain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_051.jpg
  • Sunset silhouette of 4 Corinthian columns, each 14m high, 1,20m circumference, Nymphaeum Temple, 2nd century AD, Bosra, Syria. Ionic columns in background Picture by Manuel Cohen
    asyria050354.jpg
  • Sunset silhouette of 4 Corinthian columns, each 14m high, 1,20m circumference, Nymphaeum Temple, 2nd century AD, Bosra, Syria; used to supply water for irrigation as well as drinking water. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    asyria050355.jpg
  • Detail of capitals, 4 Corinthian columns, each 14m high, 1,20m circumference, Nymphaeum Temple, 2nd century AD, Bosra, Syria. Used to supply water for irrigation as well as drinking water. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    asyria050353.jpg
  • Sunset silhouette of 4 Corinthian columns, each 14m high, 1,20m circumference, Nymphaeum Temple, 2nd century AD, Bosra, Syria; used to supply water for irrigation as well as drinking water. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    asyria050356.jpg
  • 4 Corinthian columns, each 14m high, 1,20m circumference, Nymphaeum Temple, 2nd century AD, Bosra, Syria; used to supply water for irrigation as well as drinking water. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    asyria050350.jpg
  • 4 Corinthian columns, each 14m high, 1,20m circumference, Nymphaeum Temple, 2nd century AD, Bosra, Syria. Ionic colonnade in foreground Picture by Manuel Cohen
    asyria050351.jpg
  • 4 Corinthian columns, each 14m high, 1,20m circumference, Nymphaeum Temple, 2nd century AD, Bosra, Syria; used to supply water for irrigation as well as drinking water. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    asyria050348.jpg
  • 2 Roman columns, behind which 3 Corinthian columns, each 14m high, 1,20m circumference, Nymphaeum Temple, 2nd century AD, Bosra, Syria Picture by Manuel Cohen
    asyria050349.jpg
  • Temple of Apollo, Roman, 2nd century AD, at the ancient city of Side, Antalya, Turkey. The temple was dedicated to Apollo, god of love, light and beauty, and the ruins consist of 5 fluted columns with Corinthian capitals topped by a frieze and broken pediment. Founded by the Greeks in the 7th century BC, Side flourished under the Greeks and Romans and was an important slave port. A large archaeological site remains today, including a theatre, 3 temples, an aqueduct, and a nymphaeum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_077.jpg
  • Basilica at the Roman settlement of Valeria, founded 93-82 BC, near the village of Valeria, in Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. The basilica has 3 layers - an older public building from the time of the founding of the city, then a basilica destroyed in the 1st century AD, then an Imperial basilica with existing column supports. The basilica was used for trade, justice and economic activities, as well as worship of the Emperor. Excavations at the site have also revealed a nymphaeum, exedra, forum, aqueducts and private houses. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_003.jpg
  • Curia, the meeting place of the Ordo Decurionum, local council and legislative body, in the Roman settlement of Valeria, founded 93-82 BC, near the village of Valeria, in Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. The Decurions who met here controlled all the public services, taxes and maintenance in the city. Baby skeletons were found in the foundations of the building, as an offering. Excavations at the site have also revealed a nymphaeum, exedra, forum, aqueducts and private houses. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_004.jpg
  • Agricultural land in the countryside around the village and Roman archaeological site of Valeria, in Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. The Roman settlement was founded 93-82 BC and excavations have revealed a nymphaeum, exedra, forum, aqueducts and private houses. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_001.jpg
  • Temple of Apollo, Roman, 2nd century AD, at the ancient city of Side, Antalya, Turkey. The temple was dedicated to Apollo, god of love, light and beauty, and the ruins consist of 5 fluted columns with Corinthian capitals topped by a frieze and broken pediment. Founded by the Greeks in the 7th century BC, Side flourished under the Greeks and Romans and was an important slave port. A large archaeological site remains today, including a theatre, 3 temples, an aqueduct, and a nymphaeum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_078.jpg
  • Temple of Apollo, Roman, 2nd century AD, at the ancient city of Side, Antalya, Turkey. The temple was dedicated to Apollo, god of love, light and beauty, and the ruins consist of 5 fluted columns with Corinthian capitals topped by a frieze and broken pediment. Founded by the Greeks in the 7th century BC, Side flourished under the Greeks and Romans and was an important slave port. A large archaeological site remains today, including a theatre, 3 temples, an aqueduct, and a nymphaeum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_098.jpg
  • Roman settlement of Valeria, founded 93-82 BC, aerial view, near the village of Valeria, in Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. Top right, basilica and curia, centre fascinum, top left South forum, far left central forum, centre cisterns (covered), bottom mynphaeum. Excavations at the site have revealed a nymphaeum, exedra, forum, aqueducts and private houses. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC20_SPAIN_MC_014.jpg
  • Roman settlement of Valeria, founded 93-82 BC, aerial view, near the village of Valeria, in Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. Excavations at the site have revealed a nymphaeum, exedra, forum, aqueducts and private houses. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC20_SPAIN_MC_013.JPG
  • Agricultural land in the countryside around the village and Roman archaeological site of Valeria, in Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. The Roman settlement was founded 93-82 BC and excavations have revealed a nymphaeum, exedra, forum, aqueducts and private houses. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_066.jpg
  • Agricultural land in the countryside around the village and Roman archaeological site of Valeria, in Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. The Roman settlement was founded 93-82 BC and excavations have revealed a nymphaeum, exedra, forum, aqueducts and private houses. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_073.jpg
  • Village of Valeria, aerial view, in Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. Nearby are the ruins of the Roman settlement of Valeria, founded 93-82 BC, where excavations have revealed a nymphaeum, exedra, forum, aqueducts and private houses. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC20_SPAIN_MC_015.jpg
  • Column bases at the Roman settlement of Valeria, founded 93-82 BC, near the village of Valeria, in Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. Excavations at the site have revealed a nymphaeum, exedra, forum, aqueducts and private houses. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_002.jpg
  • Fascinum, cult of the divine phallus, in the Roman settlement of Valeria, founded 93-82 BC, near the village of Valeria, in Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. The phallus represents the  creativity of fertility but also wards off evil, especially from children. Excavations at the site have also revealed a nymphaeum, exedra, forum, aqueducts and private houses. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_006.JPG
  • Walled cemetery near the village and Roman archaeological site of Valeria, in Cuenca, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. The Roman settlement was founded 93-82 BC and excavations have revealed a nymphaeum, exedra, forum, aqueducts and private houses. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_012.JPG
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