manuel cohen

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  • Gargoyle in the shape of an animal, on the Abbot's Kitchen, built 1334-42, an octagonal mediaeval building serving as kitchen to the monastery, at Glastonbury Abbey, a Benedictine monastery founded in the 7th century, enlarged in the 10th century, destroyed by fire in the 12th century and rebuilt then sacked in the Dissolution of the Monasteries, in Glastonbury, Somerset, England. Christian legend claims it was founded by Joseph of Arimathea in the 1st century AD, and it has many ties to Arthurian legend, including that he was buried here. The building is a Scheduled Ancient Monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ENGLAND_MC_019.jpg
  • Glastonbury Abbey, a Benedictine monastery founded in the 7th century, enlarged in the 10th century, destroyed by fire in the 12th century and rebuilt then sacked in the Dissolution of the Monasteries, in Glastonbury, Somerset, England. In the distance is the Abbot's Kitchen, built 1334-42, an octagonal mediaeval building serving as kitchen to the monastery. Christian legend claims the monastery was founded by Joseph of Arimathea in the 1st century AD, and it has many ties to Arthurian legend, including that he was buried here. The building is a Scheduled Ancient Monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ENGLAND_MC_016.jpg
  • Mediaeval fair in front of Notre Dame de Paris, 12th to 14th century, initiated by the bishop Maurice de Sully, Ile de la Cité, Paris, France Picture by Manuel Cohen
    aparis06521.jpg
  • The Abbot's Kitchen, built 1334-42, an octagonal mediaeval building serving as kitchen to the monastery, at Glastonbury Abbey, a Benedictine monastery founded in the 7th century, enlarged in the 10th century, destroyed by fire in the 12th century and rebuilt then sacked in the Dissolution of the Monasteries, in Glastonbury, Somerset, England. Christian legend claims it was founded by Joseph of Arimathea in the 1st century AD, and it has many ties to Arthurian legend, including that he was buried here. The building is a Scheduled Ancient Monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ENGLAND_MC_013.jpg
  • The Abbot's Kitchen, built 1334-42, an octagonal mediaeval building serving as kitchen to the monastery, at Glastonbury Abbey, a Benedictine monastery founded in the 7th century, enlarged in the 10th century, destroyed by fire in the 12th century and rebuilt then sacked in the Dissolution of the Monasteries, in Glastonbury, Somerset, England. Christian legend claims it was founded by Joseph of Arimathea in the 1st century AD, and it has many ties to Arthurian legend, including that he was buried here. The building is a Scheduled Ancient Monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ENGLAND_MC_033.jpg
  • First edition of the "Crusader Bible", 13th century manuscript kept in the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York, on natural parchment made of animal skin published by Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. © Scriptorium / Manuel Cohen
    LC14_CrusaderBible_MC022.jpg
  • (Up) Uriah Refuses to Return Home: Uriah will not obey David's orders to return home, for to do so in a time of war would bring shame upon him. He sets up his eagle-topped pavilion before the king's house and enjoys a rich feast provided by the king. David's grand doorway is crowned by a finial topped by a royal fleur-de-lis. (2 Samuel 11:7ñ9); (Down) Uriah is Slain: David, unable to convince Uriah to return home, sends him back to the Israelite camp with a sealed letter for Joab. Joab is instructed to reassign Uriah to the fiercest part of the battle. Uriah is posted to the front lines of the Israelite siege at Rabbah, where valiant men defend the citadel. There he is struck by a bolt fired from an enemy crossbow and killed. (2 Samuel 11:14ñ17). Excerpt of the first edition of the "Crusader Bible", 13th century manuscript kept in the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York, on natural parchment made of animal skin published by Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. © Scriptorium / Manuel Cohen
    LC14_CrusaderBible_MC011.jpg
  • Sergio is assembling the folios of the facsimile with natural string at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC032.jpg
  • Still wet and immediately after cleaning process, the skin goes through a mechanical press which remove the last fur at the tannery factory of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC005.jpg
  • Nacho looking at the raw skins just arrived at the tannery factory of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC001.jpg
  • Vaulted sacristy ceiling with gilded decoration, Avila Cathedral, 12th-14th centuries, Avila, Castile and Leon, Spain. Begun, 1095, in Romanesque style with fortifications, the style later switched to Gothic. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN11_MC326.jpg
  • Alabaster relief sculpture, tomb of Alonso Fernandez de Madrigal (1410-55), Bishop of Avila, known as El Tostado, retrochoir, Avila Cathedral, 12th-14th centuries, Avila, Castile and Leon, Spain. Begun, 1095, in Romanesque style with fortifications, the style later switched to Gothic. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN11_MC324.jpg
  • Iglesia Vera Cruz (Church of the True Cross), 13th century, Road to Zamarramala, Segovia, Castile and Leon, Spain. Constructed by the Knights Templar to house a fragment of the True Cross, consecrated, 1208. Romanesque 12-sided polygonal building broken to the east by the triple apse and to the south by the tower. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN11_MC269.jpg
  • The Alcazar, 12-16th centuries, Segovia, Castile and Leon, Spain. The current Alcazar was begun by King Alfonso VIII (1155-1214) and his wife Eleanor of England (1162-1214), and rebuilt 1258. Juan (John) II (1405-54) added the Gothic style Great Tower. Philip II (1527-98) modified the roofs with slate spires in Northern European style. The Alcazar was subsequently a state prison until it became the Royal Artillery School, 1762. It was damaged by fire, 1862 and restored, 1882, becoming a Military College, 1896. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN11_MC208.jpg
  • Medieval Castle of Segesta, 12th century, from the ruins of the Greek temples and buildings around, on the peak of Monte Barbaro, Calatafimi-Segesta, Sicily, Italy. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCITALY12_MC198.jpg
  • Saracen arches and Byzantine mosaics in the choir of the Cappella Palatina (Palatine Chapel), 1130 - 1140, by Roger II, within the Palazzo dei Normanni (Palace of the Normans), Palermo, Sicily, Italy. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCITALY12_MC478.jpg
  • Benedictine Abbey of Saint Michel de Cuxa, Codalet, Pyrenees Orientales, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_FRANCE_MC_055.jpg
  • 12th century Virgin with Child statue, absidal chapel of the Benedictine Abbey of Saint Michel de Cuxa, Codalet, Pyrenees Orientales, France.  Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_FRANCE_MC_050.jpg
  • 11th century Crypt of Pessebre, Benedictine Abbey of Saint Michel de Cuxa, Codalet, Pyrenees Orientales, France. Circular chapel of rough stone with vault, supported by an enormous central pillar. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_FRANCE_MC_017.jpg
  • Figure amid fantastical animals, 12th century Romanesque cloister of the Benedictine Abbey of Saint Michel de Cuxa, Codalet, Pyrenees Orientales, France.  Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_FRANCE_MC_006.jpg
  • Figure amid fantastical animals, 12th century Romanesque cloister of the Benedictine Abbey of Saint Michel de Cuxa, Codalet, Pyrenees Orientales, France.  Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_FRANCE_MC_007.jpg
  • 12th century Virgin with Child statue, absidal chapel of the Benedictine Abbey of Saint Michel de Cuxa, Codalet, Pyrenees Orientales, France.  Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_FRANCE_MC_049.jpg
  • Chapel of the Dormition of the Virgin Mary, Basilica de Santa Maria del Pi (Santa Maria del Pino, St. Mary of the Pine Tree), 14th century Gothic church, Barcelona, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN12_MC152.jpg
  • 12th century Romanesque bridge over the Fluvia river, Besalu, Girona, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN12_MC009.jpg
  • 12th century Romanesque bridge over the Fluvia river, Besalu, Girona, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN12_MC002.jpg
  • Medieval castle of Ulldecona, 12th century, Ulldecona, Montsia, Tarragona, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN11_MC114.jpg
  • Detail of fresco of the crucifixion, 14th century, in the Chiesa S. Giorgetto dei Domenicani, also known as S. Pietro Martire, 1283, Verona, Italy. The Church, built by the Dominicans, contains  many 14th century frescoes. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ITALY_11011.jpg
  • Detail of fresco depicting a Knight presented by St George to the Virgin, by Badile Bartolomeo, 14th Century, in the Chiesa S. Giorgetto dei Domenicani, also known as S. Pietro Martire, 1283, Verona, Italy. The Church, built by the Dominicans, contains 14th century frescoes which were covered over during the 19th century and damaged when the layer of plaster was later removed. They depict the Brandenburg Knights who arrived in Verona in 1354 to work with Cangrande II. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ITALY_11006.jpg
  • View from below of the clerestories of the nave in the upper chapel of La Sainte-Chapelle (The Holy Chapel), 1248, Paris, France. Fifteen huge mid-13th century windows fill the nave and apse. Each window group has four lancets topped by three rose windows. At the bottom, a statue of apostle can be seen. La Sainte-Chapelle was commissioned by King Louis IX of France to house his collection of Passion Relics, including the Crown of Thorns, and is considered among the highest achievements of the Rayonnant period of Gothic architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_PARIS_11_MC078.jpg
  • Rose window of the Upper chapel of La Sainte-Chapelle (The Holy Chapel), 1248, Paris, France. The gothic 16th century rose window shows the Apocalypse around an enthroned Christ in the central oculus. La Sainte-Chapelle was commissioned by King Louis IX of France to house his collection of Passion Relics, including the Crown of Thorns, and is considered among the highest achievements of the Rayonnant period of Gothic architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_PARIS_11_MC021.jpg
  • Detail of bas-relief sculpture, mid 13th century, on the base of the portal of the Upper chapel of La Sainte-Chapelle, Paris, France. One of a series of reliefs illustrating scenes from the Old Testament book of Genesis. Here we see God creating the fruit of the trees. Each panel has a decorated curly frame with mythical beasts in the corner. Sainte Chapelle was built 1239-48 to house King Louis IX's collection of Holy Relics. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_PARIS_11_MC010.jpg
  • Left lancet of the stained glass windows created by Chagall with glassworker Charles Marq in 1974 depicting the Virgin and the child, axial chapel, Notre-Dame de Reims (Our Lady of Rheims), pictured on February 15, 2009, 13th - 15th century, Roman Catholic Cathedral where the kings of France were crowned, Reims, Champagne-Ardenne, France.
    MCohen_DFRANCE090062.jpg
  • SAVEOCK WATER, CORNWALL, ENGLAND - AUGUST 03: A detail of egg membranes showing fully formed chicks inside on August 3, 2008 in Saveock Water, Cornwall, England. They were found in Pit 9 which holds magpies, a swan pelt and 55 eggs (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DENGLAND080223.jpg
  • SAVEOCK WATER, CORNWALL, ENGLAND - AUGUST 03: Overview of main site on August 3, 2008 in Saveock Water, Cornwall, England, featuring periods from a Mesolithic Camp to Neolithic Votive site and Copper Age metal smelting. Archaeologist Jacqui Wood is leading the excavation here. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DENGLAND080195.jpg
  • Courtyards with ruined Byzantine Citadel and 2 Crusaders bastion towers, Castle of Saladin, 10th-12th century, Latakia, Syria. In 1188 Saladin succeeded in occupying it and it stayed in Muslim hands from Saladin to Baibars to Qalaun.
    LCSYRIA05124.jpg
  • Polychrome carved figure of Saint Louis under a neogothic canopy from a processional sceptre, 1820-50, in the Collegiale Notre-Dame de Poissy, a catholic parish church founded c. 1016 by Robert the Pious and rebuilt 1130-60 in late Romanesque and early Gothic styles, in Poissy, Yvelines, France. Saint Louis wears the fleur de lys crown and holds a sceptre and a book, possibly a Book of Trades which he commissioned. The Collegiate Church of Our Lady of Poissy was listed as a Historic Monument in 1840. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Paris_MC138.jpg
  • Polychrome sculpture of Saint Louis, or King Louis IX of France, wearing a fleur de lys crown, in the Collegiale Notre-Dame de Poissy, a catholic parish church founded c. 1016 by Robert the Pious and rebuilt 1130-60 in late Romanesque and early Gothic styles, in Poissy, Yvelines, France. Saint Louis was baptised here in 1214. The Collegiate Church of Our Lady of Poissy was listed as a Historic Monument in 1840 and has been restored by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Paris_MC137.jpg
  • (Up) Jonathan, a Prince:Encamped outside of Gibeah, Saul rests beneath a pomegranate tree and advises his warriors. Meanwhile, without informing his father, Saul's son Jonathan bravely scales a mountain to attack a Philistine garrison. Accompanied only by his armour-bearer, Jonathan engages the enemy; together they kill twenty men. (1 Samuel 14:1ñ14); (Down) The Battle is Joined: Sounds of battle have been heard in the Philistine camp, so Saul has assembled his army. It is discovered that Jonathan and his armour-bearer are missing. As the priest Ahijah bears the Ark of the Covenant into battle, Saul issues a bold command: the army is not to partake of food until all of the Philistines are destroyed. Jonathan, riding ahead, does not hear his father's instruction. Cradling his great helm in his left hand, he leans from his horse and spears a honeycomb to eat. (1 Samuel 14:17ñ27) Excerpt of the first edition of the "Crusader Bible", 13th century manuscript kept in the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York, on natural parchment made of animal skin published by Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. © Scriptorium / Manuel Cohen
    LC14_CrusaderBible_MC012.jpg
  • Amnon tricks Tamar to lie in bed with him. Amnon's love for Tamar turns to hatred and he forces her to leave in humiliation. (2 Samuel 13 1-29). Excerpt of the first edition of the "Crusader Bible", 13th century manuscript kept in the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York, on natural parchment made of animal skin published by Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. © Scriptorium / Manuel Cohen
    LC14_CrusaderBible_MC008.jpg
  • Graphic retouchers highlight the gilt painting with golden ink and then age their work with a small scalpel at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC039.jpg
  • Alberto is assembling the folios of the facsimile with natural string at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC030.jpg
  • Panoramic View of the North West City Walls, 11th-14th century, Avila, Spain, with Cathedral, 11th-15th century, in the distance. Avila has superbly preserved walls built as fortifications against the Moors, an ancient cathedral, Romanesque churches, and is a pilgrimage destination due to its association with Carmelite nun St Teresa (1515-82), canonized 1622. The Old Town has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Photograph by Manuel Cohen.
    LCSPAIN11_MC350.jpg
  • Relief sculpture, South facade, Museo Catedratico y Diocesano (Cathedral and Diocesian Museum), Avila Cathedral, 12th-14th centuries, Avila, Castile and Leon, Spain. Begun, 1095, in Romanesque style with fortifications, the style later switched to Gothic. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN11_MC339.jpg
  • Detail of mural, Iglesia Vera Cruz (Church of the True Cross), 13th century, Road to Zamarramala, Segovia, Castile and Leon, Spain. Constructed by the Knights Templar  to house a fragment of the True Cross, consecrated, 1208. Romanesque 12-sided polygonal building broken to the east by the triple apse and to the south by the tower. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN11_MC279.jpg
  • Great Tower of John II, 15th century, Alcazar, 12-16th centuries,  Segovia, Castile and Leon, Spain. The current Alcazar was begun by King Alfonso VIII (1155-1214) and his wife Eleanor of England (1162-1214), and rebuilt 1258. Juan (John) II (1405-54) added the Gothic style Great Tower. Philip II (1527-98) modified the roofs with slate spires in Northern European style. The Alcazar was subsequently a state prison until it became the Royal Artillery School, 1762. It was damaged by fire, 1862 and restored, 1882, becoming a Military College, 1896. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN11_MC191.jpg
  • Apostle Peter sleeping, carved wooden  sculpture group of the Agony (detail), 17th century, Benedictine Abbey of Saint Michel de Cuxa, Codalet, Pyrenees Orientales, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_FRANCE_MC_043.jpg
  • From left to right: Christ at prayer, angel holding a chalice, and the three disciples, Peter, James and John sitting and sleeping, carved wooden  sculpture group of the Agony, 17th century, Benedictine Abbey of Saint Michel de Cuxa, Codalet, Pyrenees Orientales, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_FRANCE_MC_040.jpg
  • Figure amid fantastical animals, 12th century Romanesque cloister of the Benedictine Abbey of Saint Michel de Cuxa, Codalet, Pyrenees Orientales, France.  Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_FRANCE_MC_028.jpg
  • Saint Paul, piedroit from the former gallery, 12th century Benedictine Abbey of Saint Michel de Cuxa, Codalet, Pyrenees Orientales, France.  Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_FRANCE_MC_021.jpg
  • 12th century Virgin with Child statue, absidal chapel of the Benedictine Abbey of Saint Michel de Cuxa, Codalet, Pyrenees Orientales, France.  Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_FRANCE_MC_051.jpg
  • Vaulted East End of Church of Santa Maria del Mar, 1324-79, with its elegant high columns and modern windows, Ribera, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, by Berenguer de Montagut. Founded to commemorate the Catalan conquest of Sardinia in the reign of Jaume II (1267-1327), its name represents the naval supremacy of the House of Barcelona. It stands on the site of a Roman cemetery (4th-6th century). Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN12_MC215.jpg
  • Medieval castle of Ulldecona, 12th century, Ulldecona, Montsia, Tarragona, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN11_MC113.jpg
  • View from above of the bells of the Torre dei Lamberti (Lamberti Tower), 12th century, Verona Italy. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ITALY_11076.jpg
  • Low angle view of Torre dei Lamberti (Lamberti Tower), 12th century, Verona, Italy. Construction of the 84 metres high brick, tuff brick and marble tower began in 1172. Lightening knocked off the top of the tower in 1403, and it was restored and raised from 1448 to 1463-64. The clock was added in 1779. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ITALY_11043.jpg
  • Low angle view of the  central nave, Basilica of Saint Anastasia, c.1290-1400, by the Dominican friars Fra' Benvenuto da Imola and Fra' Nicola da Imola, Verona, Italy. It was consecrated in 1471. Sant'Anastasia is Italian Gothic in style, with 3 crossed naves and 5 polygonal apses. It was restored in 1878-81. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ITALY_11023.jpg
  • Detail of the reliquary adorned with angels, built on the pattern of the chapel, Upper chapel of La Sainte-Chapelle (The Holy Chapel), 1248, Paris, France. La Sainte-Chapelle was commissioned by King Louis IX to house his collection of Passion Relics, including the Crown of Thorns. The Sainte-Chapelle is considered among the highest achievements of the Rayonnant period of Gothic architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_PARIS_11_MC050.jpg
  • View from below of the portal of the upper chapel of La Sainte-Chapelle (The Holy Chapel), 1248, Paris, France. The upper chapel portal is protected by a porch. Its tympanum represents the Last Judgement. Christ in majesty is surrounded by angels holding torture instruments. On the lintel, angels call dead souls to rise from their graves. In the middle, Archangel Michael proceeds to the weighing of the souls while a devil is trying to cheat. The trumeau is decorated by a statue of the Christ blessing the crowds. La Sainte-Chapelle was commissioned by King Louis IX of France to house his collection of Passion Relics, including the Crown of Thorns, and is considered among the highest achievements of the Rayonnant period of Gothic architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_PARIS_11_MC044.jpg
  • Detail of the ceiling in the choir of the lower chapel of La Sainte-Chapelle (The Holy Chapel), 1248, Paris, France. The ribs are underlined with red strips and golden L on the vaults decorated with fleur de lys. La Sainte-Chapelle was commissioned by King Louis IX of France to house his collection of Passion Relics, including the Crown of Thorns, and is considered among the highest achievements of the Rayonnant period of Gothic architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_PARIS_11_MC027.jpg
  • General view of the Ponte Vecchio, Florence, Tuscany, Italy, pictured on June 10, 2007, in the afternoon. The Ponte Vecchio, or Old Bridge, crosses the River Arno at its narrowest point. The original bridge, possibly Roman and first documented in 999, was swept away in a flood in 1117, rebuilt, swept away again in 1333 and rebuilt in 1345. In 1565 Cosimo de Medici commissioned Vasari to design a corridor, above the famous shops along the bridge, connecting the Palazzo Vecchio to the Pitti Palace. In 1593 the Medicis prohibited butchers, the traditional occupants, from the shops which were soon taken by Goldsmiths. Florence, capital of Tuscany, is world famous for its Renaissance art and architecture. Its historical centre was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    DITALY070528.jpg
  • Low angle view of Palazzo Vecchio, Piazza della Signoria, Florence, Tuscany, Italy, pictured on March 22, 2011, in the afternoon. The Palazzo Vecchio, begun in 1299, was designed by Arnolfo di Cambio (1245-1302), and was originally known as the Palazzo di Signoria, after the Signoria or ruling body of Florence. It is built in rusticated stonework topped with crenellations, with two rows of Gothic trefoil arched windows. It now houses both a museum and the office of the mayor of Florence. Florence, capital of Tuscany, is world famous for its Renaissance art and architecture. Its historical centre was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DITALY070523.jpg
  • General view of Cathedral, Albarracin, Teruel, Spain, on February 13, 2006, pictured in the morning. The Cathedral, 1572-1600, was built by Martin de Castaneda, Pierres Vedel, and Alonso del Barrio de Ajo, in the Levantine Gothic style. At the top of the village is the 10th century Moorish castle, reached through cobbled streets of  houses constructed of wood and plaster with small windows. Albarracin, a beautiful village with National Monument status overlooking the Guadalivar River, lies 28 km from Teruel, in the National Park in the Montes Universales. It is on the border of three Spanish Kingdoms: Castille, Aragon and Valencia, has been occupied for hundreds of years and is known as the Eagles` Nest because it  is built on a steep outcrop of rock surrounded by a deep gorge, a natural defence. Its buildings show  Moorish influence and even the name may derive from  the Berber clan Banu Razin who settled in the area during the 9th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_SPAIN_FEB06_MC008.jpg
  • SAVEOCK WATER, CORNWALL, ENGLAND - AUGUST 02: A general view of Neolithic spring and winter pools on August 2, 2008 in Saveock Water, Cornwall, England. Excavated by archaeologist Jacqui Wood and her team. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DENGLAND080231.jpg
  • SAVEOCK WATER, CORNWALL, ENGLAND - AUGUST 03: A general view of Mesolithic clay platform with votive pits cut into it on August 3, 2008 in Saveock Water, Cornwall, England. The excavations here are led by archaeologist Jacqui Wood. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DENGLAND080226.jpg
  • SAVEOCK WATER, CORNWALL, ENGLAND - AUGUST 03: A detail of egg membranes showing fully formed chicks inside on August 3, 2008 in Saveock Water, Cornwall, England. They were found in Pit 9 which holds magpies, a swan pelt and 55 eggs (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DENGLAND080222.jpg
  • SAVEOCK WATER, CORNWALL, ENGLAND - AUGUST 03: A view from the side of archaeologist Jacqui Wood, her team and students on August 3, 2008 in Saveock Water, Cornwall. They are excavating a Mesolithic platform. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DENGLAND080219.jpg
  • Mihrab with carved fretwork and mocarabe in the Oratory or Sala de la Oracion in the Madrasa of Granada, a mosque school founded 1349 by the Nasrid King Yusuf I, Sultan of Granada, in El Albayzin, the medieval Moorish old town of Granada, Andalusia, Southern Spain. The madrasa functioned as a university until 1499 and is now part of the University of Granada. From the 8th to the 15th centuries, Granada was under muslim rule and retains a distinctive Moorish heritage. Granada was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_GRANADA_MC202.jpg
  • El Banuelo, or the Banos del Nogal, an 11th century bathhouse in Zirid style, in El Albayzin, the medieval Moorish old town of Granada, Andalusia, Southern Spain. The entrance to the baths is in a house, remodelled in the Christian period, with a patio that opening to the original house of the watchman. Inside is a hall with access to 3 thermal rooms, cold, warm and hot. The hot room has an underground hypocaust for heating the room and 2 water containers. The barrel vaults have skylights for ventilation and temperature adjustment. From the 8th to the 15th centuries, Granada was under muslim rule and retains a distinctive Moorish heritage. Granada was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_GRANADA_MC195.jpg
  • El Banuelo, or the Banos del Nogal, an 11th century bathhouse in Zirid style, in El Albayzin, the medieval Moorish old town of Granada, Andalusia, Southern Spain. The entrance to the baths is in a house, remodelled in the Christian period, with a patio that opening to the original house of the watchman. Inside is a hall with access to 3 thermal rooms, cold, warm and hot. The hot room has an underground hypocaust for heating the room and 2 water containers. The barrel vaults have skylights for ventilation and temperature adjustment. From the 8th to the 15th centuries, Granada was under muslim rule and retains a distinctive Moorish heritage. Granada was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_GRANADA_MC194.jpg
  • The Mirador de San Cristobal, or San Cristobal viewpoint, from where there is a view of the Alhambra, on the Plaza de San Cristobal in El Albayzin, the medieval Moorish old town of Granada, Andalusia, Southern Spain. Behind is the covered brick structure of the Arab water tank. From the 8th to the 15th centuries, Granada was under muslim rule and retains a distinctive Moorish heritage. Granada was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_GRANADA_MC192.jpg
  • Statue of the Virgin on a cloud in the Iglesia del Sagrario or Church of the Tabernacle, built 1704 in Baroque style after designs by Francisco Hurtado Izquierdo and Jose de Bada y Navajas, adjacent to Granada Cathedral, or the Cathedral of the Incarnation, Granada, Andalusia, Southern Spain. Granada was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_GRANADA_MC215.jpg
  • Statue of a child, possibly Christ, with a cross and aurora halo in a gilded niche in the Iglesia del Sagrario or Church of the Tabernacle, built 1704 in Baroque style after designs by Francisco Hurtado Izquierdo and Jose de Bada y Navajas, adjacent to Granada Cathedral, or the Cathedral of the Incarnation, Granada, Andalusia, Southern Spain. Granada was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_GRANADA_MC212.jpg
  • Painted coffered Mudejar ceiling, 16th century, in the Knights Room or Salon de Caballeros in the Madrasa of Granada, a mosque school founded 1349 by the Nasrid King Yusuf I, Sultan of Granada, in El Albayzin, the medieval Moorish old town of Granada, Andalusia, Southern Spain. This room served as a meeting place for the aldermen of the city after the reconquest. The madrasa functioned as a university until 1499 and is now part of the University of Granada. From the 8th to the 15th centuries, Granada was under muslim rule and retains a distinctive Moorish heritage. Granada was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_GRANADA_MC207.jpg
  • Polychrome sculpture of apostle John the Baptist holding the lamb of God in a circle, symbol of eternity, 14th century, in the Collegiale Notre-Dame de Poissy, a catholic parish church founded c. 1016 by Robert the Pious and rebuilt 1130-60 in late Romanesque and early Gothic styles, in Poissy, Yvelines, France. The Collegiate Church of Our Lady of Poissy was listed as a Historic Monument in 1840. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Paris_MC132.jpg
  • Wooden statue of the royal seal of King Louis IX of France, 1914, for the 700 anniversary of his birth, Collegiale Notre-Dame de Poissy, a catholic parish church founded c. 1016 by Robert the Pious and rebuilt 1130-60 in late Romanesque and early Gothic styles, in Poissy, Yvelines, France. Saint Louis was baptised here in 1214. The Collegiate Church of Our Lady of Poissy was listed as a Historic Monument in 1840 and has been restored by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Paris_MC139.jpg
  • First edition of the "Crusader Bible", 13th century manuscript kept in the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York, on natural parchment made of animal skin published by Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. © Scriptorium / Manuel Cohen
    LC14_CrusaderBible_MC021.jpg
  • (left) The Sacrifices of Cain and Abel; Cain Murders His Brother: The Lord is pleased with the ram Abel has brought as a sacrifice, but Cain meets with no such favour for the sheaves he presents at the altar. Furiously jealous, Cain later slays Abel with a hatchet. (Genesis 4:3ñ8); (right) The Death of Cain: This scene is drawn from an account popular in the middle ages that expanded upon the brief description of Cain's death in the Book of Genesis. The aged and blind Lamech, his aim guided by a boy, shoots Cain with bow and arrow as he is tangled in a bush. Note that in this and the preceding miniatures, the painter has deliberately ignored some of the plants springing from the ground, perhaps to create a contrast between the barren nature of the world and the lush Garden of Eden. (Genesis 4:15, 23ñ24). Excerpt of the first edition of the "Crusader Bible", 13th century manuscript kept in the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York, on natural parchment made of animal skin published by Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. © Scriptorium / Manuel Cohen
    LC14_CrusaderBible_MC020.jpg
  • Deborah, a Prophetess: Following Ehud's death, the sins of the Israelites again displease the Lord. The people are made to suffer under the rule of Jabin, king of the Canaanites, for twenty years. Finally, the prophetess Deborah summons Barak to lead an attack against the Canaanite army. Deborah, riding side-saddle on a dappled charger, commands Barak and the Israelite forces. The exhausted and terror-stricken enemy offers no resistance even as its king receives his death blow. (Judges 4:8ñ16). Excerpt of the first edition of the "Crusader Bible", 13th century manuscript kept in the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York, on natural parchment made of animal skin published by Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. © Scriptorium / Manuel Cohen
    LC14_CrusaderBible_MC018.jpg
  • Joshua Defeated at Ai: his is the first of the Picture Bible's great battle scenes. Joshua has taken a small contingent of the army to destroy the Amorite city of Ai. As soon as the Israelites arrive at the city gates, they are repulsed by a small force of defenders, including a crossbowman who takes aim from atop the portcullis. Thirty-six men of the expedition are killed as Amorite horsemen vengefully pursue and strike down their assailants. Joshua, shown again in brown tunic and with tri-point shield, narrowly escapes with his life. Nearby, an Amorite breaks his spear in the side of an Israelite horseman whose mount has collapsed beneath him, and a disoriented Israelite foot soldier is trampled by the fleeing cavalry. (Joshua 7:1ñ5). Excerpt of the first edition of the "Crusader Bible", 13th century manuscript kept in the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York, on natural parchment made of animal skin published by Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. © Scriptorium / Manuel Cohen
    LC14_CrusaderBible_MC004.jpg
  • (left) A Costly Transgression Revealed: Confused and aggrieved by the defeat at Ai, Joshua prostrates himself before the Ark of the Covenant (depicted here as a rich reliquary chest) and begs for an explanation. It is discovered that Achan, a man of the tribe of Judah, took forbidden spoil from the accursed town of Jericho. Later Achan confesses the sin to Joshua; he and his family show Joshua a bar of gold (here painted silver), a rich garment, and two hundred shekels. The Lord points accusingly at the greedy family from the heavens. To appease Him, they must be destroyed. (Joshua 7:19ñ23); (right) Achan Stoned: Although Joshua appears loathe to do so, he orders the stoning of Achan, his entire family, and his cattle. Later, the Israelites will destroy Achan's thatched dwelling; all the possessions of the transgressor must be done away with in order to appease the Lord. (Joshua 7:24ñ25). Excerpt of the first edition of the "Crusader Bible", 13th century manuscript kept in the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York, on natural parchment made of animal skin published by Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. © Scriptorium / Manuel Cohen
    LC14_CrusaderBible_MC003.jpg
  • Once completed the facsimile goes into a press for the final process at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC041.jpg
  • Graphic retouchers highlight the gilt painting with golden ink and then age their work with a small scalpel at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC038.jpg
  • Graphic retouchers highlight the gilt painting with golden ink and then age their work with a small scalpel at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC036.jpg
  • Sergio is assembling the folios of the facsimile with natural string at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC031.jpg
  • Alberto is assembling the folios of the facsimile with natural string at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC028.jpg
  • Alberto is assembling the folios of the facsimile with natural string at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC026.jpg
  • Alberto is assembling the folios of the facsimile with natural string at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC025.jpg
  • Alberto inserts a sheet of parchment into a brushing mechanical system to ligt off any blemish at the tannery factory of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC019.jpg
  • Nacho holding parchments at the tannery factory of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC017.jpg
  • Nacho is removing a parchment from the tank with soap at the tannery factory of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC009.jpg
  • Nacho is stretching and fixing a skin on a wooden sheet for the drying process at the tannery factory of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC010.JPG
  • Chateau de Breze, Renaissance chateau, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The chateau was originally built in 1060 and although the current building has a medieval drawbridge and basement, it is mainly Renaissance in style, having been remodelled in the 16th and 19th centuries. It is a small, dry-moated castle located near Saumur and is surrounded by 30 hectares of vineyards, seen here in the foreground. It is a listed monument historique and part of the Loire Valley UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC123.jpg
  • Detail of sculpture on portal under the arches, South West facade, Basilica de San Vicente (St Vincent's Basilica), 12th century, attributed to Giral Fruchel, Avila, Castile and Leon, Spain. Located just outside the city walls on the site of the martyrdom of St Vincent. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN11_MC336.jpg
  • Gothic Tympanum above North Door, Avila Cathedral, 12th-14th centuries, Avila, Castile and Leon, Spain. Begun, 1095, in Romanesque style with fortifications, the style later switched to Gothic. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN11_MC333.jpg
  • Gothic Tympanum above North Door, Avila Cathedral, 12th-14th centuries, Avila, Castile and Leon, Spain. Begun, 1095, in Romanesque style with fortifications, the style later switched to Gothic. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN11_MC332.jpg
  • Vaulted sacristy ceiling with gilded decoration and transept, Avila Cathedral, 12th-14th centuries, Avila, Castile and Leon, Spain. Begun, 1095, in Romanesque style with fortifications, the style later switched to Gothic. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN11_MC325.jpg
  • Western facade, Avila Cathedral, 12th-14th centuries, Avila, Spain Avila, Castile and Leon, Spain. Begun, 1095, in Romanesque style with fortifications, the style later switched to Gothic. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN11_MC321.jpg
  • Statue of St Teresa de Avila "transverberada", San Blass Chaptel (Capilla de san Blas), Cathedral, Avila, Spain. Avila Cathedral, 11th-15th century, is regarded as the first Spanish Gothic Cathedral and its style is French influenced. Santa Teresa (1515-82), was a Carmelite nun, canonized 1622. Photograph by Manuel Cohen.
    LCSPAIN11_MC329.jpg
  • Iglesia Vera Cruz (Church of the True Cross), 13th century, Road to Zamarramala, Segovia, Castile and Leon, Spain. Constructed by the Knights Templar to house a fragment of the True Cross, consecrated, 1208. Romanesque 12-sided polygonal building broken to the east by the triple apse and to the south by the tower. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN11_MC282.jpg
  • Detail of mural, Iglesia Vera Cruz (Church of the True Cross), 13th century, Road to Zamarramala, Segovia, Castile and Leon, Spain. Constructed by the Knights Templar  to house a fragment of the True Cross, consecrated, 1208. Romanesque 12-sided polygonal building broken to the east by the triple apse and to the south by the tower. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN11_MC277.jpg
  • Great Tower of John II, 15th century, Alcazar, 12-16th centuries,  Segovia, Castile and Leon, Spain. The current Alcazar was begun by King Alfonso VIII (1155-1214) and his wife Eleanor of England (1162-1214), and rebuilt 1258. Juan (John) II (1405-54) added the Gothic style Great Tower. Philip II (1527-98) modified the roofs with slate spires in Northern European style. The Alcazar was subsequently a state prison until it became the Royal Artillery School, 1762. It was damaged by fire, 1862 and restored, 1882, becoming a Military College, 1896. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN11_MC211.jpg
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