manuel cohen

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  • A master carpenter lays the roof joists of a stone house, while another carpenter sets a beam with an axe and lays out the other tools on a work bench. Donor window of the carpenters, 1215-25, from the Life of St Julian the Hospitaller window in the chapel of St Julian in the ambulatory of Chartres Cathedral, Eure-et-Loir, France. Chartres cathedral was built 1194-1250 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. Most of its windows date from 1205-40 although a few earlier 12th century examples are also intact. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC512.jpg
  • Craftsman repairing the horsehair mane of a cavalry helmet, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The Empire cuirassier cavalry helmets are made from over 80 pieces of steel or brass riveted or welded on site. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0563.jpg
  • Craftsman with a helmet, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The Empire cuirassier cavalry helmets are made from over 80 pieces of steel or brass riveted or welded on site, and a horsehair mane. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0569.jpg
  • Craftsman repairing the horsehair mane of a cavalry helmet, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The Empire cuirassier cavalry helmets are made from over 80 pieces of steel or brass riveted or welded on site. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0568.jpg
  • Craftsman repairing the horsehair mane of a cavalry helmet, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The Empire cuirassier cavalry helmets are made from over 80 pieces of steel or brass riveted or welded on site. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0567.jpg
  • Craftsman repairing the horsehair mane of a cavalry helmet, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The Empire cuirassier cavalry helmets are made from over 80 pieces of steel or brass riveted or welded on site. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0566.jpg
  • Craftsman at work repairing helmets, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The Empire cuirassier cavalry helmets are made from over 80 pieces of steel or brass riveted or welded on site, and a horsehair mane. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0565.jpg
  • Craftsman repairing the horsehair mane of a cavalry helmet, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The Empire cuirassier cavalry helmets are made from over 80 pieces of steel or brass riveted or welded on site. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0564.jpg
  • Craftsman sewing the horsehair mane of a cavalry helmet, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The Empire cuirassier cavalry helmets are made from over 80 pieces of steel or brass riveted or welded on site. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0562.JPG
  • Craftsman repairing the horsehair mane of a cavalry helmet, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The Empire cuirassier cavalry helmets are made from over 80 pieces of steel or brass riveted or welded on site. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0561.jpg
  • Craftsman repairing a helmet, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The Empire cuirassier cavalry helmets are made from over 80 pieces of steel or brass riveted or welded on site, and a horsehair mane. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0570.jpg
  • Roman statue of Juno Regina or Queen Juno, standing on a heifer, probably the work of a master craftsman, at Chesters Roman Fort Museum, at Chesters Roman Fort or Cilurnum, managed by English Heritage, Northumberland, England. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. The Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it at his point. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_039.jpg
  • Gunsmith at work at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The gunsmiths maintain the 1300 swords (models 1822, 1845 and 1923) still in service. Repairs as a result of corrosion or falls include welding, fusing and polishing, and they also make beech wood handles with leather and twisted brass. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0556.jpg
  • Gunsmith repairing a sword at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The gunsmiths maintain the 1300 swords (models 1822, 1845 and 1923) still in service. Repairs as a result of corrosion or falls include welding, fusing and polishing, and they also make beech wood handles with leather and twisted brass. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0551.jpg
  • Tools used by saddle harnessers at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The saddle harnessers maintain the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0538.jpg
  • Wooden tree of a military saddle with manufacturer's mark and year (1940) on the front arch, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. Saddle harnessers maintain the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0529.jpg
  • Saddle harnesser repairing a saddle, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The saddle harnessers maintain the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0526.jpg
  • Saddle harnesser repairing a saddle, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The saddle harnessers maintain the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0523.jpg
  • Saddle harnesser repairing a saddle, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The saddle harnessers maintain the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0521.jpg
  • Cavalry helmet, detail, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The Empire cuirassier cavalry helmets are made from over 80 pieces of steel or brass riveted or welded on site, and a horsehair mane. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0574.JPG
  • Cavalry helmets at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The Empire cuirassier cavalry helmets are made from over 80 pieces of steel or brass riveted or welded on site, and a horsehair mane. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0571.jpg
  • Gunsmith with a sword at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The gunsmiths maintain the 1300 swords (models 1822, 1845 and 1923) still in service. Repairs as a result of corrosion or falls include welding, fusing and polishing, and they also make beech wood handles with leather and twisted brass. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0559.jpg
  • Gunsmith with swords at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The gunsmiths maintain the 1300 swords (models 1822, 1845 and 1923) still in service. Repairs as a result of corrosion or falls include welding, fusing and polishing, and they also make beech wood handles with leather and twisted brass. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0558.jpg
  • Gunsmith with swords at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The gunsmiths maintain the 1300 swords (models 1822, 1845 and 1923) still in service. Repairs as a result of corrosion or falls include welding, fusing and polishing, and they also make beech wood handles with leather and twisted brass. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0557.jpg
  • Swords and a gunsmith at work at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The gunsmiths maintain the 1300 swords (models 1822, 1845 and 1923) still in service. Repairs as a result of corrosion or falls include welding, fusing and polishing, and they also make beech wood handles with leather and twisted brass. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0554.jpg
  • Gunsmith repairing a sword at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The gunsmiths maintain the 1300 swords (models 1822, 1845 and 1923) still in service. Repairs as a result of corrosion or falls include welding, fusing and polishing, and they also make beech wood handles with leather and twisted brass. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0552.jpg
  • Gunsmith at work at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The gunsmiths maintain the 1300 swords (models 1822, 1845 and 1923) still in service. Repairs as a result of corrosion or falls include welding, fusing and polishing, and they also make beech wood handles with leather and twisted brass. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0550.jpg
  • Gunsmith at work at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The gunsmiths maintain the 1300 swords (models 1822, 1845 and 1923) still in service. Repairs as a result of corrosion or falls include welding, fusing and polishing, and they also make beech wood handles with leather and twisted brass. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0549.jpg
  • Gunsmith at work at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The gunsmiths maintain the 1300 swords (models 1822, 1845 and 1923) still in service. Repairs as a result of corrosion or falls include welding, fusing and polishing, and they also make beech wood handles with leather and twisted brass. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0548.jpg
  • Heat moulding press, 1874, used to shape battle saddles, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The machine is used by saddle harnessers responsible for maintaining the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0547.jpg
  • Equipment maintained by saddle harnessers at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The saddle harnessers maintain the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0544.jpg
  • Equipment maintained by saddle harnessers at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The saddle harnessers maintain the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0546.jpg
  • Tools used by saddle harnessers at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The saddle harnessers maintain the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0542.jpg
  • Saddle harnessers' work table at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The saddle harnessers maintain the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0543.jpg
  • Tools used by saddle harnessers at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The saddle harnessers maintain the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0541.jpg
  • Sewing machine stitching leather at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. Saddle harnessers maintain the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0540.jpg
  • Cogs of a Monsieur Lonfier sewing machine, detail, manufactured from 1957, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The machine is used by saddle harnessers responsible for maintaining the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0537.jpg
  • Saddle harnesser threading a Monsieur Lonfier sewing machine, manufactured from 1957, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. Saddle harnessers are responsible for maintaining the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0536.jpg
  • Saddle harnesser at work at a Monsieur Lonfier sewing machine, manufactured from 1957, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. Saddle harnessers are responsible for maintaining the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0535.jpg
  • Saddle harnessers, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The saddle harnessers maintain the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0534.jpg
  • Saddle harnessers using the heat moulding press, 1874, used to shape battle saddles, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The saddle harnessers maintain the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0533.jpg
  • Saddle harnessers pressing leather for a saddle, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The saddle harnessers maintain the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0531.jpg
  • Saddle harnessers pressing leather for a saddle, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The saddle harnessers maintain the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0530.jpg
  • Saddle harnesser repairing a saddle, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The saddle harnessers maintain the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0525.jpg
  • Saddle harnesser repairing a saddle, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The saddle harnessers maintain the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0524.jpg
  • Saddle harnesser repairing a saddle, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The saddle harnessers maintain the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0522.jpg
  • Saddle harnesser repairing a saddle, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The saddle harnessers maintain the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0520.jpg
  • Saddle harnesser at work at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. Saddle harnessers are responsible for maintaining the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0578.jpg
  • Door to the cavalry helmet workshop at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The Empire cuirassier cavalry helmets are made from over 80 pieces of steel or brass riveted or welded on site, and a horsehair mane. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0577.jpg
  • Cavalry helmets at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The Empire cuirassier cavalry helmets are made from over 80 pieces of steel or brass riveted or welded on site, and a horsehair mane. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0573.JPG
  • Cavalry helmet, detail with coat of arms, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The Empire cuirassier cavalry helmets are made from over 80 pieces of steel or brass riveted or welded on site, and a horsehair mane. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0575.jpg
  • Cavalry helmets at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The Empire cuirassier cavalry helmets are made from over 80 pieces of steel or brass riveted or welded on site, and a horsehair mane. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0572.jpg
  • Sword, detail, manufactured by Coulaux Freres of Klingenthal, in the gunsmiths' workshop at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The gunsmiths maintain the 1300 swords (models 1822, 1845 and 1923) still in service. Repairs as a result of corrosion or falls include welding, fusing and polishing, and they also make beech wood handles with leather and twisted brass. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0560.jpg
  • Swords and a gunsmith at work at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The gunsmiths maintain the 1300 swords (models 1822, 1845 and 1923) still in service. Repairs as a result of corrosion or falls include welding, fusing and polishing, and they also make beech wood handles with leather and twisted brass. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0555.jpg
  • Gunsmith repairing a sword at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The gunsmiths maintain the 1300 swords (models 1822, 1845 and 1923) still in service. Repairs as a result of corrosion or falls include welding, fusing and polishing, and they also make beech wood handles with leather and twisted brass. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0553.jpg
  • Wheel of a Monsieur Lonfier sewing machine, detail, manufactured from 1957 and the most used machine of that decade, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The machine is used by saddle harnessers responsible for maintaining the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0539.jpg
  • Saddle harnessers pressing leather for a saddle, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The saddle harnessers maintain the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0532.jpg
  • Wooden tree of a military saddle at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. Saddle harnessers maintain the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0528.jpg
  • Military saddle model 1874, made in 1913 in Tarbes by the Ateliers Gache, marked by the Garde Republicaine de Paris (GRP), assigned to the 4th Squadron, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. Saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, are maintained here using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0527.jpg
  • Cavalry helmet, detail, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The Empire cuirassier cavalry helmets are made from over 80 pieces of steel or brass riveted or welded on site, and a horsehair mane. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0576.jpg
  • Equipment maintained by saddle harnessers at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The saddle harnessers maintain the saddles and weapon harnesses, some dating from the First World War and still used by the cavalry regiment, using high quality leather and traditional manufacturing methods. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0545.jpg
  • Fulbert as artistic advisor (left) working with a master sculptor on the new cathedral after the fire of 1020 and Fulbert's piety to the Virgin Mary (right) with Fulbert worshipping the Virgin and child, from the Life of Fulbert stained glass window, in the south transept of Chartres Cathedral, Eure-et-Loir, France. This window replaces the original 13th century window depicting the Life of St Blaise, which was destroyed in 1791. It was created in 1954 by Francois Lorin as a gift of the Institute of American Architects, on a theme chosen by the Canon Yves Delaporte. It depicts the life of Fulbert, bishop of Chartres in the 11th century. Chartres cathedral was built 1194-1250 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. Most of its windows date from 1205-40 although a few earlier 12th century examples are also intact. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC747.jpg
  • Once completed the facsimile goes into a press for the final process at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC041.jpg
  • Jose Vicente highlights the gilt painting with golden ink and then age his work with a small scalpel at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC040.jpg
  • Graphic retouchers highlight the gilt painting with golden ink and then age their work with a small scalpel at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC036.jpg
  • Alberto is assembling the folios of the facsimile with natural string at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC022.jpg
  • Nacho is removing a parchment from the tank with soap at the tannery factory of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC009.jpg
  • In a draper's shop, a wealthy customer and his servant measure a piece of cloth while the draper explains its quality. Donor window of the drapers, 1210-25, from the Life of St James window in the ambulatory of Chartres Cathedral, Eure-et-Loir, France. This window tells the story of the life of St James the Greater, apostle of Jesus and son of Zebedee. It is situated next to the apostles chapel. Chartres is a stop on the pilgrimage route to Compostela, where James' relics lie. Chartres cathedral was built 1194-1250 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. Most of its windows date from 1205-40 although a few earlier 12th century examples are also intact. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC495.jpg
  • Two trainee joiners work in their workshop, surrounded by the tools of their trade, axes and a saw. They are making trunk feet. Section of joiners at work, 1215-25, from the Life of St Julian the Hospitaller window in the chapel of St Julian in the ambulatory of Chartres Cathedral, Eure-et-Loir, France. Chartres cathedral was built 1194-1250 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. Most of its windows date from 1205-40 although a few earlier 12th century examples are also intact. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC514.jpg
  • Graphic retouchers highlight the gilt painting with golden ink and then age their work with a small scalpel at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC035.jpg
  • Sergio is assembling the folios of the facsimile with natural string at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC033.jpg
  • Alberto is assembling the folios of the facsimile with natural string at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC030.jpg
  • Alberto is assembling the folios of the facsimile with natural string at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC028.jpg
  • Alberto is assembling the folios of the facsimile with natural string at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC026.jpg
  • Alberto is assembling the folios of the facsimile with natural string at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC025.jpg
  • Alberto inserts a sheet of parchment into a brushing mechanical system to ligt off any blemish at the tannery factory of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC020.jpg
  • Nacho holding parchments at the tannery factory of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC017.jpg
  • The team shows the dry skin used as a parchment at the tannery factory of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC016.jpg
  • Nacho is stretching and fixing a skin on a wooden sheet for the drying process at the tannery factory of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC010.JPG
  • Nacho lifting the epidermis of the skins with a special knife at the tannery factory of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC008.jpg
  • Still wet and immediately after cleaning process, the skin goes through a mechanical press which remove the last fur at the tannery factory of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC006.jpg
  • A tanner softening a piece of leather by hand, from the donor window of the tanners and leather workers, from the Life of St Martin of Tours stained glass window, 1215-25, on the South portal of Chartres Cathedral, Eure-et-Loir, France. St Martin was born c. 316 AD in present day Hungary. As a child he asked to convert to Christianity and was eventually elected bishop of Tours. He was one of the most poplar medieval saints. Chartres cathedral was built 1194-1250 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. Most of its windows date from 1205-40 although a few earlier 12th century examples are also intact. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC552.jpg
  • A baker kneads his dough in his trough while another man waits with a jug of water. The face of Christ is appearing on the dough as he works. Donor window of the bakers, from the Apostles window, 1212-25, in the axial chapel in the ambulatory of Chartres Cathedral, Eure-et-Loir, France. This window represents the birth of the Church, as the apostles are the first pillar of the church and therefore has the site with the most sunlight to illuminate the colours. Chartres cathedral was built 1194-1250 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. Most of its windows date from 1205-40 although a few earlier 12th century examples are also intact. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC459.jpg
  • Scene in a baker's shop, with a man buying a loaf of bread and paying with a coin. He carries his bread in his cloak. Donor window of the bakers, from the Apostles window, 1212-25, in the axial chapel in the ambulatory of Chartres Cathedral, Eure-et-Loir, France. This window represents the birth of the Church, as the apostles are the first pillar of the church and therefore has the site with the most sunlight to illuminate the colours. Chartres cathedral was built 1194-1250 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. Most of its windows date from 1205-40 although a few earlier 12th century examples are also intact. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC449.jpg
  • Four men at work, one breaking a block of stone, one chiselling a statue, one carrying stones and a mason at work on a cathedral. Detail from a donor window depicting masons building a Gothic cathedral, from the Life of St Sylvester stained glass window, 1210-25, in the ambulatory of Chartres Cathedral, Eure-et-Loir, France. St Sylvester was Pope 314-35 AD during the reign of Constantine the Great (306-37). Chartres cathedral was built 1194-1250 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. Most of its windows date from 1205-40 although a few earlier 12th century examples are also intact. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC467.jpg
  • Two stone masons carrying a block of stone on a stretcher, detail from a donor window depicting masons, from the Life of St Sylvester stained glass window, 1210-25, in the ambulatory of Chartres Cathedral, Eure-et-Loir, France. It is notable that these masons use a sling to carry the stone as wheelbarrows were not invented until the mid-13th century. St Sylvester was Pope 314-35 AD during the reign of Constantine the Great (306-37). Chartres cathedral was built 1194-1250 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. Most of its windows date from 1205-40 although a few earlier 12th century examples are also intact. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC475.jpg
  • A wealthy customer with his servant is shown a length of ermine fur, while an assistant finds other examples in a trunk. Donor window of the furriers, 1210-25, from the Life of St James window in the ambulatory of Chartres Cathedral, Eure-et-Loir, France. This window tells the story of the life of St James the Greater, apostle of Jesus and son of Zebedee. It is situated next to the apostles chapel. Chartres is a stop on the pilgrimage route to Compostela, where James' relics lie. Chartres cathedral was built 1194-1250 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. Most of its windows date from 1205-40 although a few earlier 12th century examples are also intact. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC494.jpg
  • A wheelwright stands on a stool and turns his wheel, checking it runs smoothly, his adze at the ready. A cooper works with his hammer around a barrel. Section of wheelwrights and coopers, 1215-25, from the Life of St Julian the Hospitaller window in the chapel of St Julian in the ambulatory of Chartres Cathedral, Eure-et-Loir, France. Chartres cathedral was built 1194-1250 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. Most of its windows date from 1205-40 although a few earlier 12th century examples are also intact. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC513.jpg
  • Ricardo Coll, director, showing the "Crusader bible" in his office at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC042.jpg
  • Graphic retouchers highlight the gilt painting with golden ink and then age their work with a small scalpel at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC038.jpg
  • Graphic retouchers highlight the gilt painting with golden ink and then age their work with a small scalpel at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC039.jpg
  • Graphic retouchers highlight the gilt painting with golden ink and then age their work with a small scalpel at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC037.jpg
  • Graphic retouchers highlight the gilt painting with golden ink and then age their work with a small scalpel at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC034.jpg
  • Sergio is assembling the folios of the facsimile with natural string at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC032.jpg
  • Sergio is assembling the folios of the facsimile with natural string at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC031.jpg
  • Alberto is assembling the folios of the facsimile with natural string at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC027.jpg
  • Alberto is assembling the folios of the facsimile with natural string at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC024.jpg
  • Alberto is assembling the folios of the facsimile with natural string at the printing studio of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC023.jpg
  • Alberto is brushing a folio of parchment with a sander at the tannery factory of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC021.JPG
  • Alberto inserts a sheet of parchment into a brushing mechanical system to ligt off any blemish at the tannery factory of Scriptorium SL in Valencia, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    30052014_Scriptorium_MC019.jpg
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