manuel cohen

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  • Heraldry room, or Sala de los Escudos, with coats of arms of the Pubol barons on the wall, Gala's throne, and a painted ceiling, in the Castle of Pubol, now the Gala Dali Castle House-Museum, in Pubol, Baix Emporda, Girona, Catalonia, Spain. Dali bought the castle in 1969 for his wife Gala, and restored and renovated it. Gala was buried in the crypt in 1982 and Dali lived and worked here 1982-84. The castle was originally built in the 11th century and the Church of Sant Pere de Pubol was built 1327-41 in Gothic style. The site opened as a museum in 1996, managed by the Gala-Salvador Dali Foundation. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_0789.jpg
  • Heraldry room, or Sala de los Escudos, with coats of arms of the Pubol barons on the wall, Gala's throne, and a painted ceiling, in the Castle of Pubol, now the Gala Dali Castle House-Museum, in Pubol, Baix Emporda, Girona, Catalonia, Spain. Dali bought the castle in 1969 for his wife Gala, and restored and renovated it. Gala was buried in the crypt in 1982 and Dali lived and worked here 1982-84. The castle was originally built in the 11th century and the Church of Sant Pere de Pubol was built 1327-41 in Gothic style. The site opened as a museum in 1996, managed by the Gala-Salvador Dali Foundation. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_0790.jpg
  • Heraldry room, or Sala de los Escudos, with coats of arms of the Pubol barons on the wall and Gala's throne, painted by Dali with a landscape, 1974, in the Castle of Pubol, now the Gala Dali Castle House-Museum, in Pubol, Baix Emporda, Girona, Catalonia, Spain. Dali bought the castle in 1969 for his wife Gala, and restored and renovated it. Gala was buried in the crypt in 1982 and Dali lived and worked here 1982-84. The castle was originally built in the 11th century and the Church of Sant Pere de Pubol was built 1327-41 in Gothic style. The site opened as a museum in 1996, managed by the Gala-Salvador Dali Foundation. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_0787.jpg
  • Ceiling painted by Dali in 1971, detail, in the Heraldry room, or Sala de los Escudos, in the Castle of Pubol, now the Gala Dali Castle House-Museum, in Pubol, Baix Emporda, Girona, Catalonia, Spain. Dali bought the castle in 1969 for his wife Gala, and restored and renovated it. Gala was buried in the crypt in 1982 and Dali lived and worked here 1982-84. The castle was originally built in the 11th century and the Church of Sant Pere de Pubol was built 1327-41 in Gothic style. The site opened as a museum in 1996, managed by the Gala-Salvador Dali Foundation. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_0788.jpg
  • Painted joisted ceiling with heraldry, figures and geometric and floral designs in the abbey house, used as a private room for a priest, adjoining the chapterhouse, late 15th century, in the Saint-Hilaire-D'Aude Abbey, built 11th - 14th centuries and closed 1748, when it became a parish church, Saint-Hilaire, Aude, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. St Hilary built the first chapel on this site in the 6th century. In the 10th century his relics were discovered here and the church, then an abbey, rededicated to him. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0136.jpg
  • Decorative ceiling of the Moorish Room, inspired by the travels of archduke Maximilian to Turkey in 1850 and Egypt in 1855 while he was viceroy of Lombardy-Venetia, in the apartment of archduke Maximilian, in the Royal Palace of Venice, now the Correr Museum, on the Piazza San Marco in Venice, Veneto, Italy. The Napoleonic wing was built 1807-13 designed by Giovanni Antonio Antolini and Giuseppe Maria Soli and was used by Napoleon until 1814, the Emperor of Austria until 1866 and the king of Italy until 1919, and restored 2000-22. The historic centre of Venice is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_ITALY_MC_0188.jpg
  • Coat of arms of the goldsmiths and silversmiths of Troyes, detail from the Vitrail de la Legende de Saint Eloi, or Window of the Legend of St Eligius, stained glass window, c. 1506, by Nicolas Cordonnier, in the Eglise de la Madeleine, built 13th, 16th and 17th century in Gothic style, in Troyes, Champagne, Aube, Grand Est, France. The church is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0022.jpg
  • Barrel vaulted coffered stucco ceiling, detail, with many Medicean emblems, in the Main Hall, designed by Sangallo in 1485, in the Villa di Poggio a Caiano, a Medici Villa built from 1480 in Renaissance style by Giuliano da Sangallo, 1443-1516, for Lorenzo de Medici, in Poggio a Caiano, Prato, Tuscany, Italy. The hall is painted with frescoes by Pontormo, Allori, Andrea del Sarto and Franciabigio exalting the glory of the Medici dynasty. The villa was begun 1480-95 and completed 1513-20 under Giovanni de Medici by Andrea di Cosimo Feltrini and Franciabigio. The museum now houses 2 museums, the Museo della Natura Morta or Still Life Museum, and the Historic Apartments. It forms part of the Medici UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_ITALY_MC_127.jpg
  • Coat of arms with crown and fleur de lys, sculptural detail from the fireplace of the Cabinet Dore or Golden Room of Pierre-Elisabeth de Fontanieu, in the Intendant's apartments, in the Hotel de la Marine, built 1757-74 by Ange-Jacques Gabriel, 1698-1782, architect to King Louis XV, on the Place de la Concorde, in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France. The building was made to house the Garde-Meuble de la Couronne, the king's furniture collection. The Intendant of the Garde-Meuble was an important officer to the king, and was housed in this building in lavish apartments (Pierre-Elisabeth de Fontanieu from 1765, and Marc-Antoine Thierry de Ville d’Avray from 1786). From 1789, the building became the Ministere de la Marine, the navy ministry. It was restored 2017-20 and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0795.jpg
  • Carved stone capital with putti holding a coat of arms, on the main facade of Cefalu cathedral, a 12th century Norman Romanesque cathedral decorated with Byzantine mosaic, at Cefalu, on the Tyrrhenian coast of Sicily, Italy. The town was founded by the Greeks, and has been populated by the Carthaginians, Romans, Arabs and Normans. This cathedral forms part of Cefalu's UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_080.jpg
  • Relief of armorial bearing, in the hall known as the Espace Reaumur, leading to the nave in the Palais Brongniart, or Palais de la Bourse, built by Alexandre-Theodore Brongniart 1808-13 and Eloi Labarre 1813-26, on the Place de la Bourse in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris, France. The building housed the Bourse de Paris or Paris Stock Exchange from the late 19th century, and Euronext Paris from 2000, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_PARIS_MC_1083.JPG
  • Inside the Mausoleum, with the tomb of D'Annunzio, on the Mastio hill at Vittoriale degli italiani, or The Shrine of Italian Victories, the home, estate and museums of Gabriele D'Annunzio, 1863-1938, Italian writer, soldier and fascist, at Gardone Riviera, Lake Garda, Brescia, Lombardy, Italy. The funeral monument was designed by Gian Carlo Maroni after d’Annunzio’s death, in the style of Etruscan-Roman grave sites, with 3 marble circles representing the victories of the Humble, the Sappers and the Heroes. At the centre is the tomb of d’Annunzio surrounded by 10 other heroes of Fiume including Guido Keller, Giuseppe Piffer, Ernesto Cabruna and Gian Carlo Maroni. In 2013 iron and cement dog sculptures by Velasco Vitali were added. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_ITALY_MC_167.jpg
  • The King's Outer Hall, with the royal coat of arms above the fireplace, in Stirling Castle, with current buildings dating to 15th and 16th centuries, on Castle Hill, in Stirling, Scotland. This was a public function room and a waiting chamber for meetings with the king. The castle is listed as a scheduled ancient monument and is run by Historic Environment Scotland. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_SCOTLAND_MC_019.jpg
  • Cavalry helmet, detail with coat of arms, at the Ateliers de la Garde Republicaine, or workshops of the Republican Guard, 10, Avenue de la Republique, Paris, France. The Empire cuirassier cavalry helmets are made from over 80 pieces of steel or brass riveted or welded on site, and a horsehair mane. The Garde Republicaine was founded by Napoleon in 1802. It is part of the Gendarmerie and is responsible for security, guards of honour, military ceremonies and horseback patrols. In its workshops, master craftsmen maintain the equipment used by the horsemen and infantrymen, using traditional and sometimes ancient techniques passed down through the generations. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0575.jpg
  • Carved wooden alfarje ceiling with the coat of arms of Pedro I of Castile, in the Patio de las Doncellas, or Courtyard of the Maidens, in the Mudejar Palace, or Palacio del Rey Don Pedro, built by Pedro I of Castile, 1334-1369, in 1364, in the Real Alcazar, a Moorish royal palace in Seville, Andalusia, Spain. The Patio de las Doncellas is a courtyard surrounded by muqarnas arches and a central sunken garden. It is the main courtyard of the palace and was named after the Moorish annual tradition of demanding 100 virgins from their Christian kingdoms. The ground floor is in typical Mudejar style but the upper floor was added 1540-72 and shows Renaissance influences. The Alcazar was first founded as a fort in 913, then developed as a palace in the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries and used by both Muslim and Christian rulers. The Alcazar is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_SPAIN_MC051.jpg
  • Architectural detail of the Catalonia coat of arms with red and gold stripes, with sculpted dolphin, merman and mermaid, above the doorway to the dining room in the El Quatre Gats cafe, on the ground floor of the Casa Marti, a Catalan Modernist building designed by Josep Puig i Cadafalch in 1896, on Carrer Montsio, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The cafe, hostel, cabaret, pub and restaurant was opened by Pere Romeu, 1862-1908, in 1897, inspired by the Le Chat Noir cafe in Paris, and was frequented by many Modernist figures, including Ramon Casas i Carbo, Santiago Rusinol, Miguel Utrillo and Pablo Picasso. The cafe closed in 1903, but was reopened in 1978, with Casa Marti restored in 1991. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_SPAIN_MC492.jpg
  • Relief of the coat of arms of the Santa Creu and Sant Pau hospitals flanked by angels and topped by a dragon, by Pau Gargallo, 1881-1934, in the galleried chapel in the Domenech i Montaner Room, in the Administration Pavilion, built 1905-10, at the Hospital de Sant Pau, or Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, built 1902-30, designed by Catalan Modernist architect Lluis Domenech i Montaner, 1850-1923, in El Guinardo, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The original medieval hospital of 1401 was replaced with this complex in the 20th century thanks to capital provided in the will of Pau Gil. The hospital consists of 27 pavilions surrounded by gardens and linked by tunnels, using the Modernist Art Nouveau style with great attention to detail. On the death of the architect, his son Pere Domenech i Roura took over the project. The complex was listed in 1997 as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_SPAIN_MC199.jpg
  • Entrance hall, with heraldic motifs in the vaults, including the coat of arms of the Holy Cross and of Barcelona, the lion of the Bank of Pau Gil, and the Omega and date of 1910 when the building was completed, in the Administration Pavilion, built 1905-10, at the Hospital de Sant Pau, or Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, built 1902-30, designed by Catalan Modernist architect Lluis Domenech i Montaner, 1850-1923, in El Guinardo, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The original medieval hospital of 1401 was replaced with this complex in the 20th century thanks to capital provided in the will of Pau Gil. The hospital consists of 27 pavilions surrounded by gardens and linked by tunnels, using the Modernist Art Nouveau style with great attention to detail. On the death of the architect, his son Pere Domenech i Roura took over the project. The complex was listed in 1997 as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_SPAIN_MC232.jpg
  • Decorative ceiling with ribs, bosses and tilework, and the coat of arms of St Paul (Sant Pau) in the centre, in the Pau Gil Room, the old hospital archives, in the Administration Pavilion, built 1905-10, at the Hospital de Sant Pau, or Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, built 1902-30, designed by Catalan Modernist architect Lluis Domenech i Montaner, 1850-1923, in El Guinardo, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The original medieval hospital of 1401 was replaced with this complex in the 20th century thanks to capital provided in the will of Pau Gil. The hospital consists of 27 pavilions surrounded by gardens and linked by tunnels, using the Modernist Art Nouveau style with great attention to detail. On the death of the architect, his son Pere Domenech i Roura took over the project. The complex was listed in 1997 as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_SPAIN_MC283.jpg
  • Decorative ceiling of the main living room, with tiled rose design and central heraldic figure of a woman and ribs with floral sculptures, in Pavilion no. 6 'dels distingits' of the Institut Pere Mata, a psychiatric hospital built 1897-1912 in Modernist style by Lluis Domenech i Montaner, 1850-1923, Catalan Modernist architect, in Reus, Catalonia, Spain. Pavilion no. 6 was used to house wealthy patients in great comfort and modernity, and was in use until 1986. It is now open to the public as part of Reus' Modernist Route and run by the town of Reus, whereas the rest of the building remains a hospital. The building is listed as a Cultural Asset of National Interest. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_SPAIN_MC163.jpg
  • Carved stonework with a winged lion, crown and coat of arms bearing a thistle and rose design on the main facade of Pavilion no. 6 'dels distingits' of the Institut Pere Mata, a psychiatric hospital built 1897-1912 in Modernist style by Lluis Domenech i Montaner, 1850-1923, Catalan Modernist architect, in Reus, Catalonia, Spain. The building is of brick on a stone plinth with decorative window surrounds, set in landscaped grounds. Pavilion no. 6 was used to house wealthy patients in great comfort and modernity, and was in use until 1986. It is now open to the public as part of Reus' Modernist Route and run by the town of Reus, whereas the rest of the building remains a hospital. The building is listed as a Cultural Asset of National Interest. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_SPAIN_MC143.jpg
  • Carved stone capitals and decorative windows and tilework on the main facade of Pavilion no. 6 'dels distingits' of the Institut Pere Mata, a psychiatric hospital built 1897-1912 in Modernist style by Lluis Domenech i Montaner, 1850-1923, Catalan Modernist architect, in Reus, Catalonia, Spain. The building is of brick on a stone plinth with decorative window surrounds, set in landscaped grounds. Pavilion no. 6 was used to house wealthy patients in great comfort and modernity, and was in use until 1986. It is now open to the public as part of Reus' Modernist Route and run by the town of Reus, whereas the rest of the building remains a hospital. The building is listed as a Cultural Asset of National Interest. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_SPAIN_MC144.jpg
  • Glazed terracotta floor tile decorated with an interlaced floral design with fleur de lys, 14th century, from the Chateau de Germolles, Burgundy, France, built 1385-1400 as the residence of the Dukes of Burgundy. These tiles decorated the floors of the rooms on the first and second floors of the castle, and are decorated with symbols of the Dukes and Duchesses of Burgundy: daisies, lions, roses, thistles, sheep, suns and lilies. The chateau was built under Philippe le Hardi or Philip the Bold, first Duke of Burgundy of the new royal Valois dynasty, and then given to his wife, Margaret of Flanders, Duchess of Burgundy. The architect Drouet de Dammartin, the sculptors Jean de Marville and Claus Sluter and the painter Jean de Beaumetz all worked on the building. It was subsequently used by Jean sans Peur or John the Fearless, Philippe le Bon or Philip the Good and Charles le Temeraire or Charles the Bold. The chateau is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0262.jpg
  • Closed panels of the polyptych altarpiece, with Nicolas Rolin and Guigone de Salins kneeling in prayer, and tromple l'oeil paintings of the Annunciation,  St Sebastian (patron saint of the chancellor) and St Anthony (patron saint of the Hospices and of Guigone de Salins), 1446-52, by Rogier van der Weyden, 1399-1464, commissioned by Nicolas Rolin in 1443, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The altarpiece was originally in the Chapel, but is now in the museum. The panels were only opened to patients during holy days. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0038.jpg
  • Chancellor Rolin, 1376-1462, with his coat of arms, detail from the stained glass window, 15th century, in the Chapel, in the Salle des Povres or Room of the Poor, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0131.jpg
  • Funerary monument of Charles de Fresnoy, 1573-1624, by Michel II Bourdin, 1609-86, French sculptor, consisting of kneeling statue, prie-dieu, helmet, gloves and 2 armorial plaques, in Le MUDO, or the Musee de l'Oise, Beauvais, Picardy, France. This monument is listed as a Tresor National. It was originally in the church at Neuilly-en-Thelle until the French Revolution, then passed through the family. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0580.jpg
  • Portrait of Joan of Arc, 1873, by Paul Dubois Fusain, drawing on paper, from the collection of the Musee de Reims, displayed in the Tour Jeanne d'Arc, or Joan of Arc Tower, the donjon or keep and only remaining part of the Chateau de Rouen, built 1204 by Philippe Auguste or King Philip II of France, in Rouen, Normandy, France. Joan of Arc was tried and tortured in this tower. It is a 3-storey building with one room per floor and a pointed roof which was rebuilt in the 19th century. The Tour Jeanne-d'Arc is listed as a monument historique. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0016.jpg
  • Mosaic of a man holding the Prussian standard with iron cross and eagle, a cushion with the crown and sceptre and a shield with the Prussian eagle, in the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church or Kaiser Wilhelm Gedachtniskirche, built 1890s but badly damaged in a bombing raid in 1943, on Breitscheidplatz, Berlin, Germany. The church is named after Kaiser Wilhelm I, 1797-1888, and was designed by Franz Schwechten in Romanesque Revival style. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_BERLIN_MC0404.jpg
  • Ceiling of the Upper Hermitage of the Santuario de la Virgen de la Fuente, or Sanctuary of the Virgin of the Fountain, showing mudejar wooden panelling, Penarroya de Tastavins, Matarrana, Teruel, Aragon, Spain. In the 13th century, an image of the Virgin Mary was discovered beside a spring in this spot, and a chapel was built, which was replaced in the 14th century by a Gothic building. The Upper Hermitage was begun in 1341 in Aragonese Gothic style. It has one nave in 5 sections with a wooden roof decorated in mudejar style, with Calatrava crosses and heraldic symbols. The hermitage was declared a Spanish National Monument in 1941 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2001 under the Mudejar Art bracket. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN13_MC067.jpg
  • Statue of Virgin Mary holding Christ child, with no book as Jesus is the word of God, on the altar in the Chapelle du Chateau de Montriou, a small Flamboyant Gothic chapel, 15th century, originally attached to the Chateau de Montriou, founded 1484 by Charlotte de Beauvau, daughter of a senechal of Anjou, in Feneu, Maine-et-Loire, France. The altar holds 4 statues of the 3 Marys and St Anne. In the stained glass windows are the coats of arms of the Cassin de la Loge family, of whom the current owners are descendants. The chapel is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0770.jpg
  • Coat of arms of the Noailles family, with cardinal's hat or galero, sculptural detail, in the Grande Galerie, or Salon des Portraits, a huge gallery featuring portraits of the Noailles family, who owned the castle from 1698 until the 20th century, in the grands appartements in the round tower, at the Chateau de Maintenon, built 13th - 18th century, and from 1674, residence of Madame de Maintenon, 1635-1719, second wife of King Louis XIV, at Maintenon, Eure-et-Loir, France. The castle is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0202.jpg
  • Entrance hall, with heraldic motifs in the vaults, including the coat of arms of the Holy Cross and of Barcelona, and the Alpha and date of 1905 when the building was begun, and floral sculpted capitals, in the Administration Pavilion, built 1905-10, at the Hospital de Sant Pau, or Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, built 1902-30, designed by Catalan Modernist architect Lluis Domenech i Montaner, 1850-1923, in El Guinardo, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The original medieval hospital of 1401 was replaced with this complex in the 20th century thanks to capital provided in the will of Pau Gil. The hospital consists of 27 pavilions surrounded by gardens and linked by tunnels, using the Modernist Art Nouveau style with great attention to detail. On the death of the architect, his son Pere Domenech i Roura took over the project. The complex was listed in 1997 as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_SPAIN_MC215.jpg
  • Relief of the coat of arms of the Santa Creu and Sant Pau hospitals flanked by angels and topped by a dragon, by Pau Gargallo, 1881-1934, in the galleried chapel in the Domenech i Montaner Room, in the Administration Pavilion, built 1905-10, at the Hospital de Sant Pau, or Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, built 1902-30, designed by Catalan Modernist architect Lluis Domenech i Montaner, 1850-1923, in El Guinardo, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The original medieval hospital of 1401 was replaced with this complex in the 20th century thanks to capital provided in the will of Pau Gil. The hospital consists of 27 pavilions surrounded by gardens and linked by tunnels, using the Modernist Art Nouveau style with great attention to detail. On the death of the architect, his son Pere Domenech i Roura took over the project. The complex was listed in 1997 as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_SPAIN_MC205.jpg
  • Glazed terracotta floor tiles decorated with a lion and heraldic fleur de lys patterns, 14th century, from the Chateau de Germolles, Burgundy, France, built 1385-1400 as the residence of the Dukes of Burgundy. These tiles decorated the floors of the rooms on the first and second floors of the castle, and are decorated with symbols of the Dukes and Duchesses of Burgundy: daisies, lions, roses, thistles, sheep, suns and lilies. The chateau was built under Philippe le Hardi or Philip the Bold, first Duke of Burgundy of the new royal Valois dynasty, and then given to his wife, Margaret of Flanders, Duchess of Burgundy. The architect Drouet de Dammartin, the sculptors Jean de Marville and Claus Sluter and the painter Jean de Beaumetz all worked on the building. It was subsequently used by Jean sans Peur or John the Fearless, Philippe le Bon or Philip the Good and Charles le Temeraire or Charles the Bold. The chateau is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0261.jpg
  • Stained glass window of Philippe Pot, 1428-93, praying to the Virgin and child, with his motto Tant LVault, copy by the studio of Weinling of an original destroyed in the 15th century in the Couvent des Cordeliers in Dijon, in the Grande Salle, a ceremonial room used for public meetings, receptions and banquets, in the main 15th century building of the Chateau de Chateauneuf, or Chateauneuf-en-Auxois, a 12th and 15th century castle, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. Originally built in 1132 by Jean de Chaudenay, the castle was modified from a medieval fortress to a residence from 1457 under Philippe le Bon, Duc de Bourgogne, or Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, who gave the castle to his advisor Philippe Pot. The castle sits on an outcrop overlooking the valley of the Canal de Bourgogne and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0286.jpg
  • Stained glass window of donor and coats of arms, 1854, by Alfred Gerente, 1821-68, in the apsidal chapel of St Theodosie, at the Basilique Cathedrale Notre-Dame d'Amiens or Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Amiens, built 1220-70 in Gothic style, Amiens, Picardy, France. Alfred Gerente designed the chapel and included portraits of Napoleon III and Eugenie to commemorate their visit to the chapel in 1853. Amiens Cathedral was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC936.jpg
  • Coat of arms of the kings of France with 2 angels, Order of Chivalry of Saint-Michel, fleur de lys, initial F and salamanders, in the Royal Oratory, or private chapel of the king, in the Francois I wing of the Chateau de Chambord, designed by Domenico da Cortona and built 1519-47 in French Renaissance style under King Francois I, at Chambord, Loir-et-Cher, France. The largest of the Loire Valley chateaux, Chambord has a central keep with 4 bastion towers on the corners, a moat and an elaborate decorative roofline. The chateau is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1197.jpg
  • Coat of arms of the abbey with crossed keys and a sword, limestone carving, 12th century, in the Musee Ochier, or Musee d’Art et d’Archeologie, housing sculptures from the abbey, in the Jean de Bourbon Palace, built c. 1560, at Cluny Abbey or Abbaye de Cluny, a Romanesque Benedictine monastery founded 910 by duke William I of Aquitaine, in Cluny, Saone et Loire, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The museum was founded in 1866 and renovated in 1988. The abbey is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0369.jpg
  • Stucco coat of arms of European aristocracy joined by marriage to the Borromeos, 1680, by Francesco Maino, at the Staircase of Honour, in the Palazzo Borromeo, built 1632-1948 by the Borromeo family, on Isola Bella, in the Isole Borromee or Borromean Islands, on Lake Maggiore, Piedmont, Italy. The palazzo, begun 1632, was designed by Angelo Crivelli, for Carlo III Borromeo and his wife Isabella D'Adda, then completed by Carlo Fontana for Giberto III Borromeo and Vitaliano VI Borromeo. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_ITALY_MC_0030.jpg
  • Coat of arms of the Aubigne family of Madame de Maintenon, sculptural detail of cherubs holding shield with lion and crown, 19th century, installed by Duke Paul de Noailles and his architect Henri Parent, in the Grande Galerie, or Salon des Portraits, a huge gallery featuring portraits of the Noailles family, who owned the castle from 1698 until the 20th century, in the grands appartements in the round tower, at the Chateau de Maintenon, built 13th - 18th century, and from 1674, residence of Madame de Maintenon, 1635-1719, second wife of King Louis XIV, at Maintenon, Eure-et-Loir, France. The castle is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0250.jpg
  • Stone relief of the coat of arms of the Porcelet family, name of an abbot at Saint-Guilhem, French, with pig and flowers, late 13th - early 14th century, in the Saint-Guilhem Cloister, 12th - 13th century, from the monastery of Saint-Guilhem-le-Desert in France, at The Cloisters, a museum specialising in European medieval architecture, sculpture and decorative arts, part of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, at Fort Tryon Park, Manhattan, New York, USA. The collection includes Byzantine, Romanesque, Gothic and Renaissance works from 12th to 15th centuries. The building was designed by Charles Collens and encompasses 4 original cloisters, Cuxa, Saint-Guilhem, Bonnefont and Trie, which were dismantled in Europe and reassembled here. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Aragonese window, 14th century, in the Arabic Norman tower, or Torre di Scrigno, 12th century, the oldest part of the building, built on top of the Punic ancient city walls to defend the city, at the Palazzo Conte Federico, a 12th century Arabic Norman palace in Palermo, Sicily, Italy. Surrounding the window are carved the coats of arms of the city of Palermo, the Swabians and the Aragonese. The Federico counts bought the palace in the mid 17th century and are responsible for commissioning many of the decorations in place today. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Aragonese window, 14th century, in the Arabic Norman tower, or Torre di Scrigno, 12th century, the oldest part of the building, built on top of the Punic ancient city walls to defend the city, at the Palazzo Conte Federico, a 12th century Arabic Norman palace in Palermo, Sicily, Italy. Surrounding the window are carved the coats of arms of the city of Palermo, the Swabians and the Aragonese. The Federico counts bought the palace in the mid 17th century and are responsible for commissioning many of the decorations in place today. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Salone d'ingresso or entrance hall, with furniture designed by Ernesto Basile, displays of livery and palanquins, and family portraits, in the Palazzo Francavilla, built in 1783 for Ignazio Barone, and then bought in 1801 by Saverio Oneto and Gravina Duca di Sperlinga, in Palermo, Sicily, Italy. Ernesto Basile worked on the interiors and the mansion is filled with 18th century works of art. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • King's Inner Hall, used for audiences with ambassadors, courtiers and nobles, with a frieze of grisaille paintwork, in Stirling Castle, with current buildings dating to 15th and 16th centuries, on Castle Hill, in Stirling, Scotland. In the ceiling are the 37 carved and painted Stirling Heads, of both real and legendary figures. The castle is listed as a scheduled ancient monument and is run by Historic Environment Scotland. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Cherub, heraldic symbols and architectural detail, Renaissance fresco, 1503-8, by Pinturicchio, 1454-1513, after designs by Raphael, in the Piccolomini Library, commissioned c. 1492 by Archbishop Cardinal Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini (future Pius III) in memory of his uncle Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini (Pope Pius II), adjacent to the North wall of the Duomo di Siena or Siena Cathedral, built 1196-1348 and consecrated in 1215, in Siena, Tuscany, Italy. The historic centre of Siena is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • The Pau Gil Room, the old hospital archives, with decorative ceiling with ribs, bosses and tilework, and the coat of arms of St Paul in the centre, in the Administration Pavilion, built 1905-10, at the Hospital de Sant Pau, or Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, built 1902-30, designed by Catalan Modernist architect Lluis Domenech i Montaner, 1850-1923, in El Guinardo, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The original medieval hospital of 1401 was replaced with this complex in the 20th century thanks to capital provided in the will of Pau Gil. The hospital consists of 27 pavilions surrounded by gardens and linked by tunnels, using the Modernist Art Nouveau style with great attention to detail. On the death of the architect, his son Pere Domenech i Roura took over the project. The complex was listed in 1997 as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Galleried chapel with relief of the coat of arms of the Santa Creu and Sant Pau hospitals, by Pau Gargallo, 1881-1934, and around the arch, the Holy Cross and initial G for Pau Gil, in the Domenech i Montaner Room, in the Administration Pavilion, built 1905-10, at the Hospital de Sant Pau, or Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, built 1902-30, designed by Catalan Modernist architect Lluis Domenech i Montaner, 1850-1923, in El Guinardo, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The original medieval hospital of 1401 was replaced with this complex in the 20th century thanks to capital provided in the will of Pau Gil. The hospital consists of 27 pavilions surrounded by gardens and linked by tunnels, using the Modernist Art Nouveau style with great attention to detail. On the death of the architect, his son Pere Domenech i Roura took over the project. The complex was listed in 1997 as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Glazed terracotta floor tile decorated with a sheep, 14th century, from the Chateau de Germolles, Burgundy, France, built 1385-1400 as the residence of the Dukes of Burgundy. These tiles decorated the floors of the rooms on the first and second floors of the castle, and are decorated with symbols of the Dukes and Duchesses of Burgundy: daisies, lions, roses, thistles, sheep, suns and lilies. The chateau was built under Philippe le Hardi or Philip the Bold, first Duke of Burgundy of the new royal Valois dynasty, and then given to his wife, Margaret of Flanders, Duchess of Burgundy. The architect Drouet de Dammartin, the sculptors Jean de Marville and Claus Sluter and the painter Jean de Beaumetz all worked on the building. It was subsequently used by Jean sans Peur or John the Fearless, Philippe le Bon or Philip the Good and Charles le Temeraire or Charles the Bold. The chateau is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Glazed terracotta floor tile decorated with a sun, 14th century, from the Chateau de Germolles, Burgundy, France, built 1385-1400 as the residence of the Dukes of Burgundy. These tiles decorated the floors of the rooms on the first and second floors of the castle, and are decorated with symbols of the Dukes and Duchesses of Burgundy: daisies, lions, roses, thistles, sheep, suns and lilies. The chateau was built under Philippe le Hardi or Philip the Bold, first Duke of Burgundy of the new royal Valois dynasty, and then given to his wife, Margaret of Flanders, Duchess of Burgundy. The architect Drouet de Dammartin, the sculptors Jean de Marville and Claus Sluter and the painter Jean de Beaumetz all worked on the building. It was subsequently used by Jean sans Peur or John the Fearless, Philippe le Bon or Philip the Good and Charles le Temeraire or Charles the Bold. The chateau is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • La Grande Salle, a ceremonial room used for public meetings, receptions and banquets, in the main 15th century building of the Chateau de Chateauneuf, or Chateauneuf-en-Auxois, a 12th and 15th century castle, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The glazed floor tiles are original although most of the room has been redeveloped and the original painted coat of arms of Philippe Pot on the ceremonial fireplace was damaged in the French Revolution. The motto of Philippe Pot, Tant LVault, is painted in foliage letters above the fireplace. Originally built in 1132 by Jean de Chaudenay, the castle was modified from a medieval fortress to a residence from 1457 under Philippe le Bon, Duc de Bourgogne, or Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, who gave the castle to his advisor Philippe Pot. The castle sits on an outcrop overlooking the valley of the Canal de Bourgogne and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Tapestry of Agnus Dei or the Lamb of God, with the instruments of the Passion, and a background of towers and keys, late 15th century, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • St Anthony tapestry, with St Anthony the hermit with his bell and book, saint protector of the Hospices, and the motto of Nicolas Rolin, Seulle and a star, coat of arms, N and G initials and a bird on a branch, late 15th century, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • A 'Granada y los Converses' book, used as a blood cleansing process, to confirm nobility and christian virtue by listing acts carried out by its owner, from the collection of the Crespo Lopez family exhibited in the 16th century Palacio de los Olvidados or Palace of the Forgotten, in El Albayzin, the medieval Moorish old town of Granada, Andalusia, Southern Spain. The Palace is one of the few remaining old aristocratic houses in good condition, thought to belong to a Jew and now housing artefacts of Jewish culture and history. Granada was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Restored ten commandments in the Protestant chapel, 1520, at the Chateau de Chamerolles, Chilleurs-aux-Bois, Loiret, Centre, France. The chapel was built by Lancelot I du Lac, founder of the chateau, and his grandson, Lancelot II du Lac reworked the chapel in 1560. This is the oldest Protestant Reform Temple in France. The Renaissance castle was built in the 16th century by Lancelot I du Lac under Francois I and was listed as a Monument Historique in 1927. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Detail of a painted decorative wall panel with portrait bust of Anne of Austria, 19th century, in the Guard Room, Chateau de Fontainebleau, France. The Guard Room is the first of the King's apartment and was occupied by the soldiers of the guard. The Palace of Fontainebleau is one of the largest French royal palaces and was begun in the early 16th century for Francois I. It was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Ceiling fresco from the Galerie des Fastes, depicting the Napoleonic coat of arms, at the Chateau de Fontainebleau, France. The Palace of Fontainebleau is one of the largest French royal palaces and was begun in the early 16th century for Francois I. It was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Detail of the ceiling of the Upper Hermitage of the Santuario de la Virgen de la Fuente, or Sanctuary of the Virgin of the Fountain, showing mudejar wooden panelling with carved and painted floral, heraldic and anthropomorphic decoration, Penarroya de Tastavins, Matarrana, Teruel, Aragon, Spain. In the 13th century, an image of the Virgin Mary was discovered beside a spring in this spot, and a chapel was built, which was replaced in the 14th century by a Gothic building. The Upper Hermitage was begun in 1341 in Aragonese Gothic style. It has one nave in 5 sections with a wooden roof decorated in mudejar style, with Calatrava crosses and heraldic symbols. The hermitage was declared a Spanish National Monument in 1941 and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2001 under the Mudejar Art bracket. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Detail of carvings on the wall of Casa de las Conchas, Salamanca, Spain, pictured on December 19, 2010 in the afternoon. The Casa de la Conchas, 15th century, was built as the palace of Rodrigo Maldonado, a knight of the Santiago Order (Order of St James), whose emblem is a shell. Adorning the walls of the palace are carvings of shells, hence the name. It is now a library. Salamanca, an important Spanish University city, is known as La Ciudad Dorada ("The golden city") because of the unique golden colour of its Renaissance sandstone buildings. Founded in 1218 its University is still one of the most important in Spain. Around it the Old Town is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Bas-relief fragment with coat of arms of the Della Rovere family, an Italian noble family, 16th century, polychrome limestone, discovered in 1909 in the wall foundations of the Chapter de Saint Vincent in Macon, in the Musee des Ursulines, an art and archaeology museum housed since 1968 in the former Ursulines convent, built 1675-80, in Macon, Saone-et-Loire, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Lion, symbol of the city of Venice, on the decorative ceiling on the Moorish Room, inspired by the travels of archduke Maximilian to Turkey in 1850 and Egypt in 1855 while he was viceroy of Lombardy-Venetia, in the apartment of archduke Maximilian, in the Royal Palace of Venice, now the Correr Museum, on the Piazza San Marco in Venice, Veneto, Italy. The Napoleonic wing was built 1807-13 designed by Giovanni Antonio Antolini and Giuseppe Maria Soli and was used by Napoleon until 1814, the Emperor of Austria until 1866 and the king of Italy until 1919, and restored 2000-22. The historic centre of Venice is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • French flag under Napoleon, in the Antechamber of the apartments, linking the Sissi apartment with the Maximilian apartment, in the Royal Palace of Venice, now the Correr Museum, on the Piazza San Marco in Venice, Veneto, Italy. The Napoleonic wing was built 1807-13 designed by Giovanni Antonio Antolini and Giuseppe Maria Soli and was used by Napoleon until 1814, the Emperor of Austria until 1866 and the king of Italy until 1919, and restored 2000-22. The historic centre of Venice is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Fireplace with hunting dogs, emblem of the Montaigus who lived here early 18th century, in the library, at the Chateau de la Chaize, designed by Jules Hardouin-Mansart for Francois de la Chaise, and built 1674-76, at Odenas, Rhone, France. The 400 hectare estate boasts gardens by Le Notre and Beaujolais vineyards planted in the 18th century. The chateau is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Monumental fireplace, 1498, in the Feast Room or Salle du Festin, in the Palace of Tau or Palais du Tau, the palace of the Archbishop of Reims, rebuilt 1498-1509 and modified 1671-1710, in Reims, Marne, Grand Est, France. The palace is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Unicorn, symbol of devotion, heraldic emblem of the Borromeo family, in the Reception Room, 3 storeys high, in the Palazzo Borromeo, built 1632-1948 by the Borromeo family, on Isola Bella, in the Isole Borromee or Borromean Islands, on Lake Maggiore, Piedmont, Italy. The palazzo, begun 1632, was designed by Angelo Crivelli, for Carlo III Borromeo and his wife Isabella D'Adda, then completed by Carlo Fontana for Giberto III Borromeo and Vitaliano VI Borromeo. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Tiled wainscot by Domingo Sugranes, with dragons and roosters representing the coat of arms of Margarita de Prades, in the entrance hall, 10m high, with a false vault with lobed arches and a suspended polyhedral stained glass lamp, at Torre Bellesguard, or Casa Figueres, designed in Modernist style by Antoni Gaudi, 1852-1926, and built 1900-09, in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The building was built in Gaudi's neo-Gothic style on the ruins of an old castle. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Tomb of Philippe d'Artois, d. 1397, comte d'Eu, son of Jean d'Artois, with recumbent effigy and coat of arms, in the crypt of the Collegiale Notre-Dame et Saint-Laurent, in Eu, Normandy, France. The crypt was redesigned by Louis Philippe after it was damaged during the French Revolution. The church was originally founded in 925 by Guillaume I, comte d'Eu, and became an abbey in the 12th century, which was destroyed during the French Revolution. Only the collegiate church remains, which is owned by the Chateau d'Eu. The church is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Tomb of Isabelle de Melun, d. 1389, wife of Jean d'Artois, with recumbent effigy and coat of arms, in the crypt of the Collegiale Notre-Dame et Saint-Laurent, in Eu, Normandy, France. The sculpture is in white marble and she is depicted with hands in prayer, head in a nun's veil on a pillow. The head and hand of this sculpture were replaced at a later date. The crypt was redesigned by Louis Philippe after it was damaged during the French Revolution. The church was originally founded in 925 by Guillaume I, comte d'Eu, and became an abbey in the 12th century, which was destroyed during the French Revolution. Only the collegiate church remains, which is owned by the Chateau d'Eu. The church is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Statues of the 3 Marys and St Anne, on the altar in the Chapelle du Chateau de Montriou, a small Flamboyant Gothic chapel, 15th century, originally attached to the Chateau de Montriou, founded 1484 by Charlotte de Beauvau, daughter of a senechal of Anjou, in Feneu, Maine-et-Loire, France. The statues depict (left-right) St Anne with her daughter Mary and a closed book; Virgin Mary with Christ child with no book (Christ is the word of God); Mary Salome with her children St James and St John, with a half open book, and Mary of Clopas with her sons James the Lesser, Jude, Joseph and Simon, with an open book. In the stained glass windows are the coats of arms of the Cassin de la Loge family, of whom the current owners are descendants. The chapel contains late 15th century frescoes of the Passion of Christ. The chapel is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Statue of St Anne with her daughter Mary the Virgin, holding a closed book symbolising the unknown future, on the altar in the Chapelle du Chateau de Montriou, a small Flamboyant Gothic chapel, 15th century, originally attached to the Chateau de Montriou, founded 1484 by Charlotte de Beauvau, daughter of a senechal of Anjou, in Feneu, Maine-et-Loire, France. The altar holds 4 statues of the 3 Marys and St Anne. In the stained glass windows are the coats of arms of the Cassin de la Loge family, of whom the current owners are descendants. The chapel is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Angel waving banner with the coat of arms of Louis I duc d'Anjou, above the Gothic canopy of the First Reader, reading the Book of Revelation, detail of the first piece depicting the Seven Seals, from the Tenture de l'Apocalypse or Apocalypse Tapestry, made 1373-82 by Nicolas Bataille in the workshop of Robert Poincon after preparatory drawings by Hennequin de Bruges, in the Musee de la Tapisserie de l'Apocalypse, in the Chateau d'Angers, Angers, Maine-et-Loire, France. The tapestry was commissioned by Louis I duc d'Anjou and depicts the Apocalypse of John. It measures 140m and is divided into 6 pieces with 90 scenes. Although bequeathed to Angers Cathedral by King Rene in the 15th century, the tapestry was reconstructed and restored in the 19th century, listed as a historic monument and exhibited in the castle. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Coat of arms of the Noailles family, who owned the castle from 1698 until the 20th century, with griffons holding a shield with lion and crown, stone relief on the portal above the entrance to the Square Tower or 13th century keep, added later but before 19th century, at the Chateau de Maintenon, built 13th - 18th century, and from 1674, residence of Madame de Maintenon, 1635-1719, second wife of King Louis XIV, at Maintenon, Eure-et-Loir, France. The castle is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Coat of arms of the Noailles family, sculptural detail, in the Grande Galerie, or Salon des Portraits, a huge gallery featuring portraits of the Noailles family, who owned the castle from 1698 until the 20th century, in the grands appartements in the round tower, at the Chateau de Maintenon, built 13th - 18th century, and from 1674, residence of Madame de Maintenon, 1635-1719, second wife of King Louis XIV, at Maintenon, Eure-et-Loir, France. The castle is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Salone d'ingresso or entrance hall, with furniture designed by Ernesto Basile, displays of livery and palanquins, and family portraits, in the Palazzo Francavilla, built in 1783 for Ignazio Barone, and then bought in 1801 by Saverio Oneto and Gravina Duca di Sperlinga, in Palermo, Sicily, Italy. Ernesto Basile worked on the interiors and the mansion is filled with 18th century works of art. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Coat of arms of Richelieu, with the cardinal's hat above, 19th century copy of the original stained glass window, in the Chapelle de la Sorbonne, or La Chapelle Sainte Ursule de la Sorbonne, built 1635-42 by architect Jacques Lemercier, at the Sorbonne, the main building of the University of Paris, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. Cardinal Richelieu was the principal of the Sorbonne and is buried in the chapel. The chapel is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Carved stone panel with the coat of arms of the Archibald family, late 17th century, found in Young Street, Edinburgh and given by Thomas Stevenson, in the National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Angels with the coat of arms of Cardinal Beaton, 1 of the Beaton panels, in the National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland. The 8 carved wooded Beaton panels were made for Cardinal David Beaton, in the 1530s and are late Gothic in style. They may have been made for the cardinal's private apartments in St Andrews Castle and later removed by John Beaton of Balfour, captain of the castle. They were then installed in the dining room of Balfour House in Fife. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Coat of arms above the fireplace in the King's Inner Hall, used for audiences with ambassadors, courtiers and nobles, in Stirling Castle, with current buildings dating to 15th and 16th centuries, on Castle Hill, in Stirling, Scotland. The castle is listed as a scheduled ancient monument and is run by Historic Environment Scotland. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Fireplace, 15th century, with coat of arms of James VI of Scotland and I of England and Ireland (a Scottish unicorn and English lion), in Laich Hall, in Edinburgh Castle on Castle Rock, Edinburgh, Scotland. This room was remodeled as a dining hall for James VI’s golden jubilee in 1617, where he held a grand banquet. The first royal castle built here was under David I in the 12th century, and the site has been built on, attacked and defended ever since. The castle now houses military museums and the National War Museum of Scotland and is run by Historic Scotland. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Sculptural detail of men holding the coat of arms of Cobos with 5 lions, topped by a helmet and winged lion, carved by Esteban Jamete, 1515-65, on the main portal of the Sacra Capilla del Salvador, or Sacred Chapel of the Saviour, designed by Diego de Siloe and Andres de Vandelvira and built for Francisco de los Cobos in 1536 in Spanish Renaissance style and consecrated in 1559, on the Plaza Vazquez de Molina, in Ubeda, Jaen, Andalusia, Spain. The Renaissance buildings of Ubeda and Baeza are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Relief of the Coronation of the Virgin, depicting the Virgin standing on a moon accompanied by angels and being crowned by God, tympanum above the entrance of the Iglesia de San Pablo, or Church of St Paul, begun in Visigothic times and completed in the 18th century, on the Plaza Primero de Mayo, in Ubeda, Jaen, Andalusia, Spain. The church is listed as a historic monument and the Renaissance buildings of Ubeda and Baeza are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Sculptural detail with mocarabe capital, pinnacles, flowers and heraldic shields, from the facade of the Palacio de Jabalquinto, now the Universidad Internacional de Andalusia (UNIA), or International University of Andalusia, in Baeza, Jaen, Andalusia, Spain. The building was commissioned by Juan Alfonso de Benavides Manrique, lord of Jabalquinto, was designed by Enrique Egas and Pedro Lopez, and has a decorative facade featuring pineapples, fronds, flowerpots and bows. The palace is listed as a historic monument and the Renaissance buildings of Ubeda and Baeza are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Sculptural detail with mocarabe capital, pinnacles, flowers and heraldic shields, from the facade of the Palacio de Jabalquinto, now the Universidad Internacional de Andalusia (UNIA), or International University of Andalusia, in Baeza, Jaen, Andalusia, Spain. The building was commissioned by Juan Alfonso de Benavides Manrique, lord of Jabalquinto, was designed by Enrique Egas and Pedro Lopez, and has a decorative facade featuring pineapples, fronds, flowerpots and bows. The palace is listed as a historic monument and the Renaissance buildings of Ubeda and Baeza are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Sculptural detail with pinnacles, flowers and heraldic shields, from the facade of the Palacio de Jabalquinto, now the Universidad Internacional de Andalusia (UNIA), or International University of Andalusia, in Baeza, Jaen, Andalusia, Spain. The building was commissioned by Juan Alfonso de Benavides Manrique, lord of Jabalquinto, was designed by Enrique Egas and Pedro Lopez, and has a decorative facade featuring pineapples, fronds, flowerpots and bows. The palace is listed as a historic monument and the Renaissance buildings of Ubeda and Baeza are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Sculptural detail of a figure holding the coat of arms of Jacques Coeur, with shells (coquilles Saint-Jacques) and hearts (coeurs), in the Salle du Tresor or treasury room, in the Palais Jacques Coeur, huge manor house built 1443-51 in Flamboyant Gothic style, on the Place Jacques Coeur, Bourges, France. This small room has an iron door and was used for keeping the most precious objects in the household safe. Jacques Coeur, 1395-1456, was a wealthy merchant and was made master of the mint to King Charles VII in 1438. The building is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Carved stonework with a winged lion, crown and coat of arms bearing a thistle and rose design on the main facade of Pavilion no. 6 'dels distingits' of the Institut Pere Mata, a psychiatric hospital built 1897-1912 in Modernist style by Lluis Domenech i Montaner, 1850-1923, Catalan Modernist architect, in Reus, Catalonia, Spain. The building is of brick on a stone plinth with decorative window surrounds, set in landscaped grounds. Pavilion no. 6 was used to house wealthy patients in great comfort and modernity, and was in use until 1986. It is now open to the public as part of Reus' Modernist Route and run by the town of Reus, whereas the rest of the building remains a hospital. The building is listed as a Cultural Asset of National Interest. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Coat of arms of Jean Sans Peur (Jean de Valois or Jean I duc de Bourgogne), or John the Fearless (John of Valois or John I Duke of Burgundy), 1371-1419, carved by Jean de Liege, 1330-81, on the back of his armorial chair, in the Musee des Beaux-Arts de Dijon, opened 1787 in the Palace of the Dukes of Burgundy in Dijon, Burgundy, France. The lion is the symbol of his mother Margaret of Flanders. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Coats of arms of the Dukes of Burgundy, from the Altarpiece of Saints and Martyrs, 1390-99, in gilded polychromed oak, carved by Jacques de Baerze, 14th century, and painted and gilded by Melchior Broederlam, 1350-1409, originally in the Chartreuse de Champmol, in the Musee des Beaux-Arts de Dijon, opened 1787 in the Palace of the Dukes of Burgundy in Dijon, Burgundy, France. The altarpiece was commissioned in 1390 and installed in 1399 in the Chapterhouse at Champmol. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Stained glass window of the Confrererie des Chevaliers de Tastevin, at their headquarters, the Chateau du Clos Vougeot, built in Renaissance style in the 16th century, on the site of a 12th century winery built by monks from the nearby Abbey of Citeaux, Burgundy, France. The chateau sits in the Burgundy Clos de Vougeot vineyard, near the Route des Grands Crus between Dijon and Beaune in Cote-d'Or in Bourgogne-Franche-Comte. The chateau, which still houses a medieval vat-house and presses, Cistercian cellar and original kitchens, has been the headquarters of the Confrerie des Chevaliers du Tastevin since 1945. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0318.jpg
  • Angel from the tomb of Jean sans Peur, or John the Fearless, 1371-1419, (Jean de Valois or John of Valois, Jean I, duc de Bourgogne, or John I, Duke of Burgundy) and his wife Marguerite de Baviere, or Margaret of Bavaria, 1363- 1423, 1443-70, by Jean de la Huerta, 1413-62, and Antoine le Moiturier, 1425-97, in the Grande Salle du Palais des ducs de Bourgogne, or Salle des Gardes, a 15th century Flamboyant Gothic hall, in the Musee des Beaux-Arts de Dijon, opened 1787 in the Palace of the Dukes of Burgundy in Dijon, Burgundy, France. The tomb consists of painted alabaster effigies with lions and angels, and below, figures of pleurants or weepers among Gothic tracery. The tomb was begun in 1443 (24 years after his death), by Jean de La Huerta, and Antoine le Moiturier after 1456, and finally installed in 1470. The tombs were originally from the Chartreuse de Champmol, or Chartreuse de la Sainte-Trinite de Champmol, a Carthusian monastery which was sacked in the French Revolution and the tombs moved to Dijon cathedral then here in 1827. The effigies are 19th century reconstructions, the originals being destroyed in the French Revolution. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0491.jpg
  • Back of the armorial chair of Jean Sans Peur (Jean de Valois or Jean I duc de Bourgogne), or John the Fearless (John of Valois or John I Duke of Burgundy), 1371-1419, carved by Jean de Liege, 1330-81, in the Musee des Beaux-Arts de Dijon, opened 1787 in the Palace of the Dukes of Burgundy in Dijon, Burgundy, France. The upper section is the coat of arms of Jean Sans Peur, with the lion of his mother Margaret of Flanders, and below are the symbols of Bethel County and the County of Burgundy, and angels holding musical instruments such as the unicorde, flute and viola. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0212.jpg
  • Tapestry of Guigone de Salins, with the motto of Nicolas Rolin, Seulle and a star, coat of arms, N and G initials and a bird on a branch, 15th century, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0229.jpg
  • Votive plaque with the Virgin mourning Christ, adored by Dukes of Burgundy, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. To the left is Philippe le Bon or Philip the Good and his son Charles le Temeraire or Charles the Bold and to the right, Isabelle du Portugal or Isabella of Portugal and a dead child, and the patron saints Andrew and Elizabeth stand over them. The plaque was inspired by a bronze votive tablet given by Isabella to the Convent at the Chartreux de Bales in 1446 by Gerard Loyet. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0023.jpg
  • Detail of an oak trunk used to store clothing, late 15th century, with coat of arms of Guigone de Salins (tower and key), originally 1 of 4 identical trunks, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0111.jpg
  • Sculptural detail of an angel holding an armorial shield within a Gothic niche in the courtyard of Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The buildings, set around an internal courtyard, are in Northern Renaissance and Flamboyant Gothic style, with half-timber galleries, ornate rooftops with Burgundian glazed tiles in geometric patterns and dormer windows. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0130.jpg
  • La Dame a la Licorne, one of a series of 6 tapestries featuring a lady with servant, lion and unicorn, commissioned by the Le Viste family in the late 15th century, from the Musee National du Moyen Age, or Musee de Cluny, Paris, France. The lion and unicorn refer to the family crest of Le Viste. In this tapestry, entitled A Mon Seul Desir, representing love, the lady is placing a necklace in a chest held by her servant, accompanied by dogs and a monkey, in a garden setting with tent and fruit trees, on a red background with flowers, birds and animals, in mille-fleurs style. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_ART_MC024.jpg
  • Sculptural detail of cherubs holding coats of arms, on the South Portal, 1516-18, by Joao de Castilho, 1470ñ1552, after a design by Diogo de Boitaca, Church of Santa Maria, at the Jeronimos Monastery or Hieronymites Monastery, a monastery of the Order of St Jerome, built in the 16th century in Late Gothic Manueline style, Belem, Lisbon, Portugal. The portal consists of double doors with a tympanum carved with scenes from the life of St Jerome, a statue of Henry the Navigator, many carved statues in niches, a statue of the Madonna and many flamboyant pinnacles and gables in Manueline style. The monastery is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_LISBON_MC049.jpg
  • Sculptural detail of an angel holding shields with coats of arms, on the Western Portal, built 1517 in Renaissance style by Nicolau Chanterene, Church of Santa Maria, at the Jeronimos Monastery or Hieronymites Monastery, a monastery of the Order of St Jerome, built in the 16th century in Late Gothic Manueline style, Belem, Lisbon, Portugal. The monastery is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_LISBON_MC011.jpg
  • Funerary monument of Charles de Fresnoy, 1573-1624, by Michel II Bourdin, 1609-86, French sculptor, consisting of kneeling statue, prie-dieu, helmet, gloves and 2 armorial plaques, in Le MUDO, or the Musee de l'Oise, Beauvais, Picardy, France. This monument is listed as a Tresor National. It was originally in the church at Neuilly-en-Thelle until the French Revolution, then passed through the family. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0579.jpg
  • Mausoleum of Thomas de Savoie, died 1334, canon of the cathedral and chaplain to the pope in 1331, died 1334, 14th century, on the North side of the Chapelle de Notre Dame or Chapel of Our Lady, in the Basilique Cathedrale Notre-Dame d'Amiens or Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Amiens, built 1220-70 in Gothic style, Amiens, Picardy, France. Along the base are statues of mourners. Amiens Cathedral was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC1042.jpg
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