manuel cohen

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  • Fresco of camel on vaulted ceiling of hall, Qasr Amra, Jordan. This fresco is divided into squares and depicts various forms of work, maybe relating to the building of the castle. Here we see a camel, used for transportation of materials. The fresco is badly damaged by graffiti. These early Islamic frescoes have strong Persian and Byzantine influences. The original castle complex was built in 723-743 by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad Caliph Walid II. It was a fortress with military garrison and residence of the Umayyad Caliphs. Today only the royal pleasure cabin remains, with reception hall and hammam or bath house. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC354.jpg
  • Banquet scene, fresco, c. 470 BC, in the Tomba dei Leopardi, at the Monterozzi Etruscan necropolis near Tarquinia, Vitero, Lazio, Italy. This fresco depicts a banquet honouring the dead, with diners on a triclinium and naked servants. Above are the leopards which give the tomb its name. The necropolis was founded in the 7th century BC and contains around 6000 graves, many of which are covered in frescos. Monterozzi is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_614.JPG
  • Banquet scene, fresco, c. 470 BC, in the Tomba dei Leopardi, at the Monterozzi Etruscan necropolis near Tarquinia, Vitero, Lazio, Italy. This fresco depicts a banquet honouring the dead, with diners on a triclinium and naked servants. Above are the leopards which give the tomb its name. The necropolis was founded in the 7th century BC and contains around 6000 graves, many of which are covered in frescos. Monterozzi is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_615.jpg
  • Dead arriving at Hades, fresco, 250-200 BC, in the Tomba Due Tetti, at the Monterozzi Etruscan necropolis near Tarquinia, Vitero, Lazio, Italy. The fresco depicts the dead man buried below, with a child and a demon carrying a torch, arriving at the door to Hades, received by 2 dead family members. This tomb contains tombs carved into benches and belonged to the Arnthunas family. The necropolis was founded in the 7th century BC and contains around 6000 graves, many of which are covered in frescos. Monterozzi is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_630.jpg
  • Funerary games, fresco, c. 510 BC, in the Tomba dei Giocolieri, at the Monterozzi Etruscan necropolis near Tarquinia, Vitero, Lazio, Italy. This fresco depicts the deceased (right) watching an acrobat, a balancing act, a musician and a juggler. Above are a red lion and a blue panther. The necropolis was founded in the 7th century BC and contains around 6000 graves, many of which are covered in frescos. Monterozzi is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_638.JPG
  • Dancing scene, fresco, 510-500 BC, detail, in the Tomba Baccanti, at the Monterozzi Etruscan necropolis near Tarquinia, Vitero, Lazio, Italy. This fresco depicts an orgiastic dance by characters drinking from wine cups, possibly linked to the cults of Dionysus. The couple on the right commissioned the tomb. The necropolis was founded in the 7th century BC and contains around 6000 graves, many of which are covered in frescos. Monterozzi is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_616.jpg
  • Dancing scene, fresco, 510-500 BC, in the Tomba Baccanti, at the Monterozzi Etruscan necropolis near Tarquinia, Vitero, Lazio, Italy. This fresco depicts an orgiastic dance by characters drinking from wine cups, possibly linked to the cults of Dionysus. The couple on the right commissioned the tomb. Above are lions catching deer. The necropolis was founded in the 7th century BC and contains around 6000 graves, many of which are covered in frescos. Monterozzi is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_617.jpg
  • Dancing scene, fresco, 510-500 BC, in the Tomba Baccanti, at the Monterozzi Etruscan necropolis near Tarquinia, Vitero, Lazio, Italy. This fresco depicts an orgiastic dance by characters drinking from wine cups, possibly linked to the cults of Dionysus. The couple on the right commissioned the tomb. Above are lions catching deer. The necropolis was founded in the 7th century BC and contains around 6000 graves, many of which are covered in frescos. Monterozzi is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_618.jpg
  • Banquet scene, fresco, 475-50 BC, in the Tomba dei Fiorellini, at the Monterozzi Etruscan necropolis near Tarquinia, Vitero, Lazio, Italy. The fresco depicts a couple at a banquet with 2 naked servants. Above are 2 cockerels about to fight. The necropolis was founded in the 7th century BC and contains around 6000 graves, many of which are covered in frescos. Monterozzi is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_620.jpg
  • Banquet scene, fresco, c.450 BC, in the Tomba Bettini, at the Monterozzi Etruscan necropolis near Tarquinia, Vitero, Lazio, Italy. The fresco depicts men lying on klinai with women standing behind and a servant with cups of wine. The tomb is named after Claudio Bettini, 1940-97, who helped protect the tombs. The necropolis was founded in the 7th century BC and contains around 6000 graves, many of which are covered in frescos. Monterozzi is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_622.jpg
  • Musical scene, fresco, 510-500 BC, in the Tomba Cardarelli, at the Monterozzi Etruscan necropolis near Tarquinia, Vitero, Lazio, Italy. The fresco depicts a harpist and a flautist flanking a painted doorway. Above are lions catching deer. The tomb is named after Vincenzo Cardarelli, a poet from Tarquinia. The necropolis was founded in the 7th century BC and contains around 6000 graves, many of which are covered in frescos. Monterozzi is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_623.jpg
  • Musical scene, fresco, 510-500 BC, in the Tomba Cardarelli, at the Monterozzi Etruscan necropolis near Tarquinia, Vitero, Lazio, Italy. The fresco depicts a harpist and a flautist flanking a painted doorway. Above are lions catching deer. The tomb is named after Vincenzo Cardarelli, a poet from Tarquinia. The necropolis was founded in the 7th century BC and contains around 6000 graves, many of which are covered in frescos. Monterozzi is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_624.jpg
  • Banquet scene, fresco, c. 450 BC, in the Tomba della Caccia al Cervo, at the Monterozzi Etruscan necropolis near Tarquinia, Vitero, Lazio, Italy. The fresco depicts 3 couples on klinai with above, a deer hunting scene and panthers. The necropolis was founded in the 7th century BC and contains around 6000 graves, many of which are covered in frescos. Monterozzi is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_628.jpg
  • Fresco on the underside of an arch in the hall at Qasr Amra, Jordan. This fresco depicts a woman wearing a sarong and holding a plate above her head. These early Islamic frescoes have strong Persian and Byzantine influences. The original castle complex was built in 723-743 by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad Caliph Walid II. It was a fortress with military garrison and residence of the Umayyad Caliphs. Today only the royal pleasure cabin remains, with reception hall and hammam or bath house. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC325.jpg
  • Fresco from apodyterium or changing room of Qasr Amra, Jordan. This fresco shows an animal, possibly feline, playing a musical instrument. These early Islamic frescoes have strong Persian and Byzantine influences. The original castle complex was built in 723-743 by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad Caliph Walid II. It was a fortress with military garrison and residence of the Umayyad Caliphs. Today only the royal pleasure cabin remains, with reception hall and hammam or bath house. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC337.jpg
  • Fresco fragment of two men from Qasr Amra, Jordan. One man seems to wear and turban and the second, a crown. The fresco is badly damaged. These early Islamic frescoes have strong Persian and Byzantine influences. The original castle complex was built in 723-743 by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad Caliph Walid II. It was a fortress with military garrison and residence of the Umayyad Caliphs. Today only the royal pleasure cabin remains, with reception hall and hammam or bath house. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC352.jpg
  • Fresco on vaulted ceiling of hall, Qasr Amra, Jordan. This fresco is divided into squares and depicts various forms of work, maybe relating to the building of the castle. Here we see two men carrying a stone block. These early Islamic frescoes have strong Persian and Byzantine influences. The original castle complex was built in 723-743 by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad Caliph Walid II. It was a fortress with military garrison and residence of the Umayyad Caliphs. Today only the royal pleasure cabin remains, with reception hall and hammam or bath house. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC355.jpg
  • Fresco on vaulted ceiling of hall, Qasr Amra, Jordan. This fresco is divided into squares and depicts various forms of work, maybe relating to the building of the castle. Here we see a stonemason working with a hammer. These early Islamic frescoes have strong Persian and Byzantine influences. The original castle complex was built in 723-743 by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad Caliph Walid II. It was a fortress with military garrison and residence of the Umayyad Caliphs. Today only the royal pleasure cabin remains, with reception hall and hammam or bath house. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC358.jpg
  • Fresco from Qasr Amra, Jordan. This fresco depicts a servant attending to a recling female. These early Islamic frescoes have strong Persian and Byzantine influences. The original castle complex was built in 723-743 by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad Caliph Walid II. It was a fortress with military garrison and residence of the Umayyad Caliphs. Today only the royal pleasure cabin remains, with reception hall and hammam or bath house. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC378.jpg
  • Fresco of embracing couple from Qasr Amra, Jordan. The fresco is badly damaged. These early Islamic frescoes have strong Persian and Byzantine influences. The original castle complex was built in 723-743 by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad Caliph Walid II. It was a fortress with military garrison and residence of the Umayyad Caliphs. Today only the royal pleasure cabin remains, with reception hall and hammam or bath house. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC380.jpg
  • Fresco on wall of apodyterium or changing room, Qasr Amra, Jordan. This fresco depicts herds of animals being corralled in a roped-off enclosure (above) and below, an athletics meeting with men fighting and exercising (right) and a naked female bather stepping out of a bath (left). These early Islamic frescoes have strong Persian and Byzantine influences. The original castle complex was built in 723-743 by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad Caliph Walid II. It was a fortress with military garrison and residence of the Umayyad Caliphs. Today only the royal pleasure cabin remains, with reception hall and hammam or bath house. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC389.jpg
  • Male figures with trees, fresco, c. 400 BC, in the Tomba del Gorgoneion, at the Monterozzi Etruscan necropolis near Tarquinia, Vitero, Lazio, Italy. The fresco shows the influence of Attic ceramic decoration. The necropolis was founded in the 7th century BC and contains around 6000 graves, many of which are covered in frescos. Monterozzi is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_629.jpg
  • Mystery of the Immaculate Conception, detail of a fresco by Charles Soulacroix, 1825-99, in the first apse chapel, in the Basilique Notre-Dame-de-l'Immaculee-Conception or Basilica of Notre-Dame de Boulogne, a Roman Catholic cathedral built 1827-63 in Neoclassical style by Benoit-Agathon Haffreingue, in Boulogne, Pas de Calais, France. The fresco depicts the Virgin in Glory, surrounded by clouds, angels and rays of light, crushing a snake with her foot. Below are 2 angels with weapons and to the right is St Michael the archangel. Charles Soulacroix, a sculptor, was commissioned in 1863-65 by Haffreingue to decorate the 6 apse chapels, these being his first frescoes. The cathedral is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1488.jpg
  • Section of the city with building being demolished and premises empty of businesses, detail from the fresco of Allegory of Bad Government and the Effects of Bad Government on Town and Country, (Effetti del Cattivo Governo in Citta e in Campagna), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen, with permission of the Comune di Siena / Museo Civico
    LC17_ITALY_MC103.jpg
  • Soldier warning a tradesman, detail from the fresco of Allegory of Bad Government and the Effects of Bad Government on Town and Country, (Effetti del Cattivo Governo in Citta e in Campagna), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen, with permission of the Comune di Siena / Museo Civico
    LC17_ITALY_MC100.jpg
  • Procession of Sienese citizens, councillors and magistrates, detail from the fresco of the Allegory of Good Government (Allegoria del Buon Governo), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ITALY_MC033.jpg
  • Allegorical figure of Prudence, one of the Virtues of Good Government, holding a lamp and pointing to show people the way, detail from the fresco of the Allegory of Good Government (Allegoria del Buon Governo), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ITALY_MC029.jpg
  • Procession of Sienese citizens, councillors and magistrates, detail from the fresco of the Allegory of Good Government (Allegoria del Buon Governo), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ITALY_MC019.jpg
  • Magnanimity, Virtue of Good Government, giving away coins from a bowl, with soldiers below, detail from the fresco of the Allegory of Good Government (Allegoria del Buon Governo), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ITALY_MC006.jpg
  • Detail of a fresco entitled The Song of Orpheus, painted in Art Deco style in 1929-30 by Robert La Montagne Saint-Hubert, 1887-1950, and 2 assistants, Ethel Wallace and James Newell, 1900-1985, 1 of 6 frescoes which were discovered during works in 1994 and restored in 2011, in the Grand Salon or Great Hall of the Fondation des Etats Unis or American Foundation, designed by Pierre Leprince-Ringuet, 1874-1954, and inaugurated in 1930, in the Cite Internationale Universitaire de Paris, in the 14th arrondissement of Paris, France. The fresco depicts Orpheus playing his lyre in the forest enchanting women and animals with his music. The Fondation des Etats Unis has a concert hall and many music studios. The Grand Salon is listed as a historic monument. The CIUP or Cite U was founded in 1925 after the First World War by Andre Honnorat and Emile Deutsch de la Meurthe to create a place of cooperation and peace amongst students and researchers from around the world. It consists of 5,800 rooms in 40 residences, accepting another 12,000 student residents each year. Picture by Manuel Cohen. Further clearances may be requested.
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0533.jpg
  • Fresco on vaulted ceiling of hall, Qasr Amra, Jordan. This fresco is divided into squares and depicts various forms of work, maybe relating to the building of the castle. These early Islamic frescoes have strong Persian and Byzantine influences. The original castle complex was built in 723-743 by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad Caliph Walid II. It was a fortress with military garrison and residence of the Umayyad Caliphs. Today only the royal pleasure cabin remains, with reception hall and hammam or bath house. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC326.JPG
  • Fresco on vaulted ceiling of hall, Qasr Amra, Jordan. This fresco is divided into squares and depicts various forms of work, maybe relating to the building of the castle. These early Islamic frescoes have strong Persian and Byzantine influences. The original castle complex was built in 723-743 by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad Caliph Walid II. It was a fortress with military garrison and residence of the Umayyad Caliphs. Today only the royal pleasure cabin remains, with reception hall and hammam or bath house. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC327.jpg
  • Fresco on vaulted ceiling of hall, Qasr Amra, Jordan. This fresco is divided into squares and depicts various forms of work, maybe relating to the building of the castle. These early Islamic frescoes have strong Persian and Byzantine influences. The original castle complex was built in 723-743 by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad Caliph Walid II. It was a fortress with military garrison and residence of the Umayyad Caliphs. Today only the royal pleasure cabin remains, with reception hall and hammam or bath house. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC329.jpg
  • Fresco fragment of two men from Qasr Amra, Jordan. One man seems to wear and turban and the second, a crown. The fresco is badly damaged. These early Islamic frescoes have strong Persian and Byzantine influences. The original castle complex was built in 723-743 by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad Caliph Walid II. It was a fortress with military garrison and residence of the Umayyad Caliphs. Today only the royal pleasure cabin remains, with reception hall and hammam or bath house. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC338.jpg
  • Fresco on wall of apodyterium or changing room, Qasr Amra, Jordan. This fresco depicts herds of animals being corralled in a roped-off enclosure. These early Islamic frescoes have strong Persian and Byzantine influences. The original castle complex was built in 723-743 by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad Caliph Walid II. It was a fortress with military garrison and residence of the Umayyad Caliphs. Today only the royal pleasure cabin remains, with reception hall and hammam or bath house. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC342.jpg
  • Fresco from Qasr Amra, Jordan. This fresco depicts a woman reclining on a couch with seated figures below. These early Islamic frescoes have strong Persian and Byzantine influences. The original castle complex was built in 723-743 by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad Caliph Walid II. It was a fortress with military garrison and residence of the Umayyad Caliphs. Today only the royal pleasure cabin remains, with reception hall and hammam or bath house. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC343.jpg
  • Fresco from Qasr Amra, Jordan. This fresco depicts a woman reclining on a couch with a servant and onlookers. These early Islamic frescoes have strong Persian and Byzantine influences. The original castle complex was built in 723-743 by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad Caliph Walid II. It was a fortress with military garrison and residence of the Umayyad Caliphs. Today only the royal pleasure cabin remains, with reception hall and hammam or bath house. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC344.jpg
  • Zodiac fresco on domed ceiling of caldarium or hot room, Qasr Amra, Jordan. This fresco is an accurate representation of the heavens and the zodiac, with 35 identifiable constellations. It is the earliest painted image of the night sky on a dome. The original castle complex was built in 723-743 by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad Caliph Walid II. It was a fortress with military garrison and residence of the Umayyad Caliphs. Today only the royal pleasure cabin remains, with reception hall and hammam or bath house. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC377.jpg
  • Fresco of couple from Qasr Amra, Jordan. This fresco depicts a man and woman within a painted columnar border with decorative motifs and birds above. These early Islamic frescoes have strong Persian and Byzantine influences. The original castle complex was built in 723-743 by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad Caliph Walid II. It was a fortress with military garrison and residence of the Umayyad Caliphs. Today only the royal pleasure cabin remains, with reception hall and hammam or bath house. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC382.jpg
  • Fresco from Qasr Amra, Jordan. This fresco depicts a woman reclining on a couch with a servant and onlookers, with peacocks above. These early Islamic frescoes have strong Persian and Byzantine influences. The original castle complex was built in 723-743 by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad Caliph Walid II. It was a fortress with military garrison and residence of the Umayyad Caliphs. Today only the royal pleasure cabin remains, with reception hall and hammam or bath house. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC397.jpg
  • Fresco on wall of apodyterium or changing room, Qasr Amra, Jordan. This fresco depicts an athletics meeting with men fighting and exercising (right) and a naked female bather stepping out of a bath (left). These early Islamic frescoes have strong Persian and Byzantine influences. The original castle complex was built in 723-743 by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad Caliph Walid II. It was a fortress with military garrison and residence of the Umayyad Caliphs. Today only the royal pleasure cabin remains, with reception hall and hammam or bath house. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC396.jpg
  • Jesus washing the disciples' feet, detail from Last Supper or Mandatum fresco, Chapter House, Fontevraud Abbey, Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Loire Valley, Maine-et-Loire, France. The Chapter House was built in the 16th century and its walls were painted in 1563 with frescoes of scenes from Christ's Passion by the Anjou artist Thomas Pot. The abbey itself was founded in 1100 by Robert of Arbrissel, who created the Order of Fontevraud. It was a double monastery for monks and nuns, run by an abbess. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC155.jpg
  • Mystery of the Nativity, detail of a fresco by Charles Soulacroix, 1825-99, in the second apse chapel, in the Basilique Notre-Dame-de-l'Immaculee-Conception or Basilica of Notre-Dame de Boulogne, a Roman Catholic cathedral built 1827-63 in Neoclassical style by Benoit-Agathon Haffreingue, in Boulogne, Pas de Calais, France. The fresco depicts the child Virgin on a throne with 2 angels celebrating her birth. Charles Soulacroix, a sculptor, was commissioned in 1863-65 by Haffreingue to decorate the 6 apse chapels, these being his first frescoes. The cathedral is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1489.jpg
  • Mystery of the Nativity, detail of a fresco by Charles Soulacroix, 1825-99, in the second apse chapel, in the Basilique Notre-Dame-de-l'Immaculee-Conception or Basilica of Notre-Dame de Boulogne, a Roman Catholic cathedral built 1827-63 in Neoclassical style by Benoit-Agathon Haffreingue, in Boulogne, Pas de Calais, France. The fresco depicts the child Virgin on a throne with 2 angels celebrating her birth. Charles Soulacroix, a sculptor, was commissioned in 1863-65 by Haffreingue to decorate the 6 apse chapels, these being his first frescoes. The cathedral is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1490.jpg
  • Annunciation and Incarnation of Christ, detail of a fresco by Charles Soulacroix, 1825-99, in the fourth apse chapel, in the Basilique Notre-Dame-de-l'Immaculee-Conception or Basilica of Notre-Dame de Boulogne, a Roman Catholic cathedral built 1827-63 in Neoclassical style by Benoit-Agathon Haffreingue, in Boulogne, Pas de Calais, France. The fresco depicts an angel before the Virgin, and the Holy Spirit illuminating her with a ray of light. Charles Soulacroix, a sculptor, was commissioned in 1863-65 by Haffreingue to decorate the 6 apse chapels, these being his first frescoes. The cathedral is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1497.jpg
  • Mystery of the Immaculate Conception, detail of a fresco by Charles Soulacroix, 1825-99, in the first apse chapel, in the Basilique Notre-Dame-de-l'Immaculee-Conception or Basilica of Notre-Dame de Boulogne, a Roman Catholic cathedral built 1827-63 in Neoclassical style by Benoit-Agathon Haffreingue, in Boulogne, Pas de Calais, France. The fresco depicts the Virgin in Glory, surrounded by clouds, angels and rays of light, crushing a snake with her foot. Below are 2 angels with weapons and to the right is St Michael the archangel. Charles Soulacroix, a sculptor, was commissioned in 1863-65 by Haffreingue to decorate the 6 apse chapels, these being his first frescoes. The cathedral is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1505.jpg
  • Figures of Cruelty, with a snake and baby, and Deceit, with a lamb with serpent's tail, detail from the fresco of Allegory of Bad Government and the Effects of Bad Government on Town and Country, (Effetti del Cattivo Governo in Citta e in Campagna), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen, with permission of the Comune di Siena / Museo Civico
    LC17_ITALY_MC120.jpg
  • Street scene with derelict and demolished buildings, soldiers robbing a woman, dead body, soldier stopping trade and piles of rubble in the street, detail from the fresco of Allegory of Bad Government and the Effects of Bad Government on Town and Country, (Effetti del Cattivo Governo in Citta e in Campagna), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen, with permission of the Comune di Siena / Museo Civico
    LC17_ITALY_MC109.jpg
  • Soldiers entering the city gates, with war imminent, detail from the fresco of Allegory of Bad Government and the Effects of Bad Government on Town and Country, (Effetti del Cattivo Governo in Citta e in Campagna), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen, with permission of the Comune di Siena / Museo Civico
    LC17_ITALY_MC107.jpg
  • Street scene, with soldiers robbing a woman, dead body, soldier stopping trade and piles of rubble in the street, detail from the fresco of Allegory of Bad Government and the Effects of Bad Government on Town and Country, (Effetti del Cattivo Governo in Citta e in Campagna), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen, with permission of the Comune di Siena / Museo Civico
    LC17_ITALY_MC108.jpg
  • Section of the city with building being demolished, detail from the fresco of Allegory of Bad Government and the Effects of Bad Government on Town and Country, (Effetti del Cattivo Governo in Citta e in Campagna), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen, with permission of the Comune di Siena / Museo Civico
    LC17_ITALY_MC105.jpg
  • Figure of Cruelty with a snake and a baby, detail from the fresco of Allegory of Bad Government and the Effects of Bad Government on Town and Country, (Effetti del Cattivo Governo in Citta e in Campagna), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen, with permission of the Comune di Siena / Museo Civico
    LC17_ITALY_MC098.jpg
  • Dead bodies and townspeople, detail from the fresco of Allegory of Bad Government and the Effects of Bad Government on Town and Country, (Effetti del Cattivo Governo in Citta e in Campagna), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen, with permission of the Comune di Siena / Museo Civico
    LC17_ITALY_MC097.jpg
  • Fury, Division and War, enemies of human life, detail from the fresco of Allegory of Bad Government and the Effects of Bad Government on Town and Country, (Effetti del Cattivo Governo in Citta e in Campagna), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen, with permission of the Comune di Siena / Museo Civico
    LC17_ITALY_MC096.jpg
  • Justice captured and bound at the feet of Tyranny, detail from the fresco of Allegory of Bad Government and the Effects of Bad Government on Town and Country, (Effetti del Cattivo Governo in Citta e in Campagna), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen, with permission of the Comune di Siena / Museo Civico
    LC17_ITALY_MC091.jpg
  • Justice balancing her scales held by Wisdom (left), with the Virtues of Good Government Peace, Fortitude and Prudence (right) and a procession of citizens, councillors and magistrates with Concord (bottom left), detail from the fresco of the Allegory of Good Government (Allegoria del Buon Governo), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ITALY_MC036.jpg
  • Representation of the Commune of Siena (left), with the Virtues of Good Government Magnanimity, Temperance and Justice (right), detail from the fresco of the Allegory of Good Government (Allegoria del Buon Governo), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. The Commune of Siena holding an orb and sceptre and dressed in the black and white colours of the city. Charity and Hope are depicted above the head of the Commune, and the 2 suckling children at his feet are thought to be the sons of Remus, Ascius and Senius, the founders of Siena. On the bottom right are Florentine citizens captured by soldiers holding lances. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ITALY_MC035.jpg
  • Procession of Sienese citizens, councillors and magistrates, and soldiers on horseback holding lances, detail from the fresco of the Allegory of Good Government (Allegoria del Buon Governo), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ITALY_MC031.jpg
  • Figure of Justice, with scales held by Wisdom above her head, with Distributive Justice on the left crowning one ruler and killing another, and Commutative Justice on the right facilitating a trade transaction, detail from the fresco of the Allegory of Good Government (Allegoria del Buon Governo), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Commutative Justice is assuring that the metalworker's spear and the weaver's bale of cloth are of equal value for the exchange. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ITALY_MC030.jpg
  • Commutative Justice (left), figure on one side of the scales of Justice, facilitating a trade transaction, detail from the fresco of the Allegory of Good Government (Allegoria del Buon Governo), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. This judicial allegorical figure is assuring that the metalworker's spear and the weaver's bale of cloth are of equal value for the exchange. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ITALY_MC022.jpg
  • Figure of Concord seated on a chair and taking a woven cord from the procession of Sienese citizens, councillors and magistrates, detail from the fresco of the Allegory of Good Government (Allegoria del Buon Governo), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Concord holds on her knee a carpenter's plane, representing the levelling of society, and the cord represents the binding together of citizens in a society and to its rulers. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ITALY_MC020.jpg
  • Procession of Sienese citizens, councillors and magistrates, detail from the fresco of the Allegory of Good Government (Allegoria del Buon Governo), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ITALY_MC017.jpg
  • Procession of Sienese citizens, councillors and magistrates, and soldiers holding lances, detail from the fresco of the Allegory of Good Government (Allegoria del Buon Governo), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ITALY_MC016.jpg
  • Procession of Sienese citizens, councillors and magistrates, and soldiers holding lances, detail from the fresco of the Allegory of Good Government (Allegoria del Buon Governo), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ITALY_MC015.jpg
  • Representation of the Commune of Siena, with the Virtues of Good Government Prudence (left) and Magnanimity (right), detail from the fresco of the Allegory of Good Government (Allegoria del Buon Governo), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. The Commune of Siena holding an orb and sceptre and dressed in the black and white colours of the city. Faith, Charity and Hope are depicted above the head of the Commune, and the 2 suckling children at his feet are thought to be the sons of Remus, Ascius and Senius, the founders of Siena. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ITALY_MC011.jpg
  • Ascius and Senius, sons of Remus, founders of the city of Siena and depicted as suckling children at the feet of the figure of the Commune of Siena, detail from the fresco of the Allegory of Good Government (Allegoria del Buon Governo), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. It is also believed that the children could depict Romulus and Remus, founders of Rome, with the wolf who fed them. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ITALY_MC010.jpg
  • Representation of the Commune of Siena (left), with the Virtues of Good Government Magnanimity and Temperance (right), detail from the fresco of the Allegory of Good Government (Allegoria del Buon Governo), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. The Commune of Siena holding an orb and sceptre and dressed in the black and white colours of the city. Charity and Hope are depicted above the head of the Commune. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ITALY_MC007.jpg
  • Justice, Virtue of Good Government, holding a sword and with the head and crown of a ruler in her lap, with mounted soldiers below, detail from the fresco of the Allegory of Good Government (Allegoria del Buon Governo), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ITALY_MC005.jpg
  • Detail of a fresco entitled Sports, showing dancers, horse riders and archers in front of the Parthenon, painted in Art Deco style in 1929-30 by Robert La Montagne Saint-Hubert, 1887-1950, and 2 assistants, Ethel Wallace and James Newell, 1900-1985, 1 of 6 frescoes which were discovered during works in 1994 and restored in 2011, in the Grand Salon or Great Hall of the Fondation des Etats Unis or American Foundation, designed by Pierre Leprince-Ringuet, 1874-1954, and inaugurated in 1930, in the Cite Internationale Universitaire de Paris, in the 14th arrondissement of Paris, France. The fresco praises the sporting culture of American University campuses and the ideal of an ancient Greek city. The Grand Salon is listed as a historic monument. The CIUP or Cite U was founded in 1925 after the First World War by Andre Honnorat and Emile Deutsch de la Meurthe to create a place of cooperation and peace amongst students and researchers from around the world. It consists of 5,800 rooms in 40 residences, accepting another 12,000 student residents each year. Picture by Manuel Cohen. Further clearances may be requested.
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0549.jpg
  • Detail of a fresco entitled Sports, showing dancers, horse riders and archers in front of the Parthenon, painted in Art Deco style in 1929-30 by Robert La Montagne Saint-Hubert, 1887-1950, and 2 assistants, Ethel Wallace and James Newell, 1900-1985, 1 of 6 frescoes which were discovered during works in 1994 and restored in 2011, in the Grand Salon or Great Hall of the Fondation des Etats Unis or American Foundation, designed by Pierre Leprince-Ringuet, 1874-1954, and inaugurated in 1930, in the Cite Internationale Universitaire de Paris, in the 14th arrondissement of Paris, France. The fresco praises the sporting culture of American University campuses and the ideal of an ancient Greek city. The Grand Salon is listed as a historic monument. The CIUP or Cite U was founded in 1925 after the First World War by Andre Honnorat and Emile Deutsch de la Meurthe to create a place of cooperation and peace amongst students and researchers from around the world. It consists of 5,800 rooms in 40 residences, accepting another 12,000 student residents each year. Picture by Manuel Cohen. Further clearances may be requested.
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0547.jpg
  • Fresco on vaulted ceiling of hall, Qasr Amra, Jordan. This fresco is divided into squares and depicts various forms of work, maybe relating to the building of the castle. These early Islamic frescoes have strong Persian and Byzantine influences. The original castle complex was built in 723-743 by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad Caliph Walid II. It was a fortress with military garrison and residence of the Umayyad Caliphs. Today only the royal pleasure cabin remains, with reception hall and hammam or bath house. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC328.jpg
  • Zodiac fresco on domed ceiling of caldarium or hot room, Qasr Amra, Jordan. This fresco is an accurate representation of the heavens and the zodiac, with 35 identifiable constellations. It is the earliest painted image of the night sky on a dome. The original castle complex was built in 723-743 by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad Caliph Walid II. It was a fortress with military garrison and residence of the Umayyad Caliphs. Today only the royal pleasure cabin remains, with reception hall and hammam or bath house. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC335.jpg
  • Fresco on wall of apodyterium or changing room, Qasr Amra, Jordan. This fresco depicts a naked female bather stepping out of a bath. These early Islamic frescoes have strong Persian and Byzantine influences. The original castle complex was built in 723-743 by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad Caliph Walid II. It was a fortress with military garrison and residence of the Umayyad Caliphs. Today only the royal pleasure cabin remains, with reception hall and hammam or bath house. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC341.jpg
  • Fresco on the underside of an arch in the hall at Qasr Amra, Jordan. This fresco depicts a woman holding a plate above her head. These early Islamic frescoes have strong Persian and Byzantine influences. The original castle complex was built in 723-743 by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad Caliph Walid II. It was a fortress with military garrison and residence of the Umayyad Caliphs. Today only the royal pleasure cabin remains, with reception hall and hammam or bath house. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC347.jpg
  • Fresco from Qasr Amra, Jordan. This fresco depicts a man within a roundel of vines and grapes, possibly depicting the work of the grape harvest. These early Islamic frescoes have strong Persian and Byzantine influences. The original castle complex was built in 723-743 by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad Caliph Walid II. It was a fortress with military garrison and residence of the Umayyad Caliphs. Today only the royal pleasure cabin remains, with reception hall and hammam or bath house. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC369.jpg
  • Fresco on wall of apodyterium or changing room, Qasr Amra, Jordan. This fresco depicts an athletics meeting with men fighting and exercising (right) and a naked female bather stepping out of a bath (left). These early Islamic frescoes have strong Persian and Byzantine influences. The original castle complex was built in 723-743 by Walid Ibn Yazid, the future Umayyad Caliph Walid II. It was a fortress with military garrison and residence of the Umayyad Caliphs. Today only the royal pleasure cabin remains, with reception hall and hammam or bath house. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC388.jpg
  • Man of Sorrows, Renaissance fresco, 1440-41, by Benozzo Gozzoli, 1421-97, a student of Fra Angelico, 1395-1455, in Cell 39, the private cell of Cosimo de Medici, in the Dominican Convent of St Mark, now the Museo Nazionale di San Marco, in Florence, Tuscany, Italy. This recessed fresco shows Christ in his sepulchre with his wounds and stigmata, wearing a crown of thorns, alongside Instruments of the Passion. The original convent was rebuilt 1437-52 for Cosimo I de Medici by Michelozzo di Bartolomeo Michelozzi, 1396-1472, in Renaissance style. The interior walls were painted 1439-44 with frescoes by Fra Angelico and his assistants. The convent is part of the Florence UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_ITALY_MC_256.jpg
  • Winged figure on candelabrum, Roman fresco fragment, 41-54 AD, from a room west of the Forum in Empuries, in the Empuries Museum, or Museo de Arqueologia de Cataluna - Empuries (MAC), near Figueres, on the Costa Brava in Catalonia, Spain. The fresco depicts a male figure with a syrinx suspended above, standing on a candelabrum which is on a boxed floral motif. The borders contain a mermaid, portrait and floral patterns. Empuries is an ancient settlement founded in 575 BC by Greek colonists from Phocaea. The town was settled by the Romans from 218 BC and abandoned in the Middle Ages. The site has been undergoing excavation since 1908. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_SPAIN_MC_0290.jpg
  • Winged figure on candelabrum, Roman fresco fragment, detail, 41-54 AD, from a room west of the Forum in Empuries, in the Empuries Museum, or Museo de Arqueologia de Cataluna - Empuries (MAC), near Figueres, on the Costa Brava in Catalonia, Spain. The fresco depicts a male figure with a syrinx suspended above, and abstracted floral patterns in the borders. Empuries is an ancient settlement founded in 575 BC by Greek colonists from Phocaea. The town was settled by the Romans from 218 BC and abandoned in the Middle Ages. The site has been undergoing excavation since 1908. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_SPAIN_MC_0288.jpg
  • Banquet scene, fresco, 530-520 BC, in the Tomba Bartoccini, at the Monterozzi Etruscan necropolis near Tarquinia, Vitero, Lazio, Italy. This tomb is the largest of the archaic age, with a double sloped ceiling and checkerboard pattern decoration. The necropolis was founded in the 7th century BC and contains around 6000 graves, many of which are covered in frescos. Monterozzi is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_619.jpg
  • Flute player, male figure holding kylix and female figure, fresco, 500-490 BC, in the Tomba Moretti, at the Monterozzi Etruscan necropolis near Tarquinia, Vitero, Lazio, Italy. On the side walls are dancers and musicians with trees, and above, 2 lions. The tomb is named after Mario Moretti, 1912-2002, who helped discover the tombs. The necropolis was founded in the 7th century BC and contains around 6000 graves, many of which are covered in frescos. Monterozzi is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_625.jpg
  • Banquet scene, fresco, detail, 430-400 BC, in the Tomba del Guerriero, at the Monterozzi Etruscan necropolis near Tarquinia, Vitero, Lazio, Italy. This tomb is decorated with a banquet scene with a man and a woman on klinai with servants and a flute player. The necropolis was founded in the 7th century BC and contains around 6000 graves, many of which are covered in frescos. Monterozzi is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_636.jpg
  • Passion and Crucifixion of Christ, Renaissance fresco, 1529, by Bernardino Luini, 1480-1532, in the church of Santa Maria Degli Angioli, Lugano, Ticino, Switzerland. The fresco is painted on the dividing wall between the nave and chancel. The church was built 1499-1500 as part of the monastery of the Order of Franciscan Friars and was consecrated in 1515. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_Bellinzona_MC062.jpg
  • Citizens of Siena sitting outside a shop, detail from the fresco of the Peaceful City from the Allegory of Good Government and the Effects of Good Government on Town and Country, (Effetti del Buon Governo in Citta e in Campagna), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen, with permission of the Comune di Siena / Museo Civico
    LC17_ITALY_MC231.jpg
  • Coming of the Messiah, fresco by Charles Soulacroix, 1825-99, in the fourth apse chapel, in the Basilique Notre-Dame-de-l'Immaculee-Conception or Basilica of Notre-Dame de Boulogne, a Roman Catholic cathedral built 1827-63 in Neoclassical style by Benoit-Agathon Haffreingue, in Boulogne, Pas de Calais, France. The fresco depicts Jesus Christ in a medallion with his arms extended, descending from heaven, surrounded by angels. Charles Soulacroix, a sculptor, was commissioned in 1863-65 by Haffreingue to decorate the 6 apse chapels, these being his first frescoes. The cathedral is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1485.jpg
  • Coming of the Messiah, fresco by Charles Soulacroix, 1825-99, in the fourth apse chapel, in the Basilique Notre-Dame-de-l'Immaculee-Conception or Basilica of Notre-Dame de Boulogne, a Roman Catholic cathedral built 1827-63 in Neoclassical style by Benoit-Agathon Haffreingue, in Boulogne, Pas de Calais, France. The fresco depicts Jesus Christ in a medallion with his arms extended, descending from heaven, surrounded by angels. Charles Soulacroix, a sculptor, was commissioned in 1863-65 by Haffreingue to decorate the 6 apse chapels, these being his first frescoes. The cathedral is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1486.jpg
  • Presentation of the Virgin in the temple, detail of a fresco by Charles Soulacroix, 1825-99, in the third apse chapel, in the Basilique Notre-Dame-de-l'Immaculee-Conception or Basilica of Notre-Dame de Boulogne, a Roman Catholic cathedral built 1827-63 in Neoclassical style by Benoit-Agathon Haffreingue, in Boulogne, Pas de Calais, France. The fresco depicts a young Virgin holding a candle and wearing a crown of flowers, greeted by the high priest and Levis. St Anne and St Joachim are on the left. Charles Soulacroix, a sculptor, was commissioned in 1863-65 by Haffreingue to decorate the 6 apse chapels, these being his first frescoes. The cathedral is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1487.jpg
  • Mystery of the Visitation, detail of a fresco by Charles Soulacroix, 1825-99, in the second apse chapel, in the Basilique Notre-Dame-de-l'Immaculee-Conception or Basilica of Notre-Dame de Boulogne, a Roman Catholic cathedral built 1827-63 in Neoclassical style by Benoit-Agathon Haffreingue, in Boulogne, Pas de Calais, France. The fresco depicts St Elizabeth before the Virgin, who rejoices at her words. Zachariah and Joseph are to the right. Charles Soulacroix, a sculptor, was commissioned in 1863-65 by Haffreingue to decorate the 6 apse chapels, these being his first frescoes. The cathedral is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1491.jpg
  • Mystery of the Visitation, detail of a fresco by Charles Soulacroix, 1825-99, in the second apse chapel, in the Basilique Notre-Dame-de-l'Immaculee-Conception or Basilica of Notre-Dame de Boulogne, a Roman Catholic cathedral built 1827-63 in Neoclassical style by Benoit-Agathon Haffreingue, in Boulogne, Pas de Calais, France. The fresco depicts St Elizabeth before the Virgin, who rejoices at her words. Zachariah and Joseph are to the right. Charles Soulacroix, a sculptor, was commissioned in 1863-65 by Haffreingue to decorate the 6 apse chapels, these being his first frescoes. The cathedral is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1492.jpg
  • Section of the city with derelict buildings full of holes, detail from the fresco of Allegory of Bad Government and the Effects of Bad Government on Town and Country, (Effetti del Cattivo Governo in Citta e in Campagna), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen, with permission of the Comune di Siena / Museo Civico
    LC17_ITALY_MC106.jpg
  • Section of the city with building being demolished, detail from the fresco of Allegory of Bad Government and the Effects of Bad Government on Town and Country, (Effetti del Cattivo Governo in Citta e in Campagna), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen, with permission of the Comune di Siena / Museo Civico
    LC17_ITALY_MC102.jpg
  • Section of the city with building being demolished, detail from the fresco of Allegory of Bad Government and the Effects of Bad Government on Town and Country, (Effetti del Cattivo Governo in Citta e in Campagna), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen, with permission of the Comune di Siena / Museo Civico
    LC17_ITALY_MC101.jpg
  • Soldiers robbing a woman and a dead body, detail from the fresco of Allegory of Bad Government and the Effects of Bad Government on Town and Country, (Effetti del Cattivo Governo in Citta e in Campagna), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen, with permission of the Comune di Siena / Museo Civico
    LC17_ITALY_MC099.jpg
  • Tyranny enthroned with a goat at his feet, with Avarice, Pride and Vainglory above, and Deceit, Fraud, Fury and Division either side, detail from the fresco of Allegory of Bad Government and the Effects of Bad Government on Town and Country, (Effetti del Cattivo Governo in Citta e in Campagna), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen, with permission of the Comune di Siena / Museo Civico
    LC17_ITALY_MC095.jpg
  • Justice captured and bound at the feet of Tyranny, detail from the fresco of Allegory of Bad Government and the Effects of Bad Government on Town and Country, (Effetti del Cattivo Governo in Citta e in Campagna), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen, with permission of the Comune di Siena / Museo Civico
    LC17_ITALY_MC092.jpg
  • Tyranny enthroned, depicted with horns and fangs and holding a chalice and a dagger, detail from the fresco of Allegory of Bad Government and the Effects of Bad Government on Town and Country, (Effetti del Cattivo Governo in Citta e in Campagna), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen, with permission of the Comune di Siena / Museo Civico
    LC17_ITALY_MC094.jpg
  • Tyranny enthroned with a goat at his feet, and Avarice, Pride and Vainglory above, detail from the fresco of Allegory of Bad Government and the Effects of Bad Government on Town and Country, (Effetti del Cattivo Governo in Citta e in Campagna), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen, with permission of the Comune di Siena / Museo Civico
    LC17_ITALY_MC093.jpg
  • Justice captured and bound at the feet of Tyranny, detail from the fresco of Allegory of Bad Government and the Effects of Bad Government on Town and Country, (Effetti del Cattivo Governo in Citta e in Campagna), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen, with permission of the Comune di Siena / Museo Civico
    LC17_ITALY_MC090.JPG
  • Procession of Sienese citizens, councillors and magistrates, and soldiers on horseback holding lances, detail from the fresco of the Allegory of Good Government (Allegoria del Buon Governo), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ITALY_MC032.jpg
  • Allegorical figure of Fortitude, one of the Virtues of Good Government, wearing a black dress and a crown and holding a sceptre and a shield, below are 2 soldiers wearing armour and mounted on horseback. Detail from the fresco of the Allegory of Good Government (Allegoria del Buon Governo), from the series The Allegory and Effects of Good and Bad Government (L'Allegoria e Effetti del Buono e del Cattivo Governo), painted 1338-39 by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, c. 1290-1348, in the Sala dei Nove or Salon of Nine or Council Room, in the Palazzo Pubblico or Town Hall, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. Lorenzetti was commissioned by the Council of Nine to produce allegorical frescoes covering 3 of the 4 walls of their council chamber, and he produced 6 scenes on the 3 fresco panels. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ITALY_MC028.jpg
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