manuel cohen

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  • Photograph of Lieutenant Henry Ossian Flipper, 1856-1940, served and courtmartialed at Fort Davis, born a slave in Georgia in 1856, the first African-American graduate of the US Military Academy at West Point, special assistant in the 1920s to the Secretary of the Interior, exhibited at the Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC242.jpg
  • Photograph of Lieutenant Henry Ossian Flipper, 1856-1940, served and courtmartialed at Fort Davis, born a slave in Georgia in 1856, the first African-American graduate of the US Military Academy at West Point, special assistant in the 1920s to the Secretary of the Interior, exhibited at the Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC241.jpg
  • Photograph of Washington Seawell, 1802-88, first Commanding Officer of Fort Davis, who established the garrison with 6 companies of the 8th US Infantry, exhibited at the Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC238.jpg
  • Photograph of Major General Persifor Frazer Smith, 1798-1858, Commander of the Department of Texas, who selected the site for the fort, ordered its establishment and named it, exhibited at the Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC237.jpg
  • Photograph of Jefferson Davis, 1808-89, after whom Fort Davis was named in 1854, Secretary of War under President Franklin Pierce and president of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War, exhibited at the Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC236.jpg
  • Parade ground and Enlisted Men's Barracks, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The building houses a squad room and an orderly room refurbished as it was in 1884, when it was occupied by Buffalo Soldiers of Troop H, Tenth Cavalry. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC266.jpg
  • Dining room of the Commanding Officer's quarters, on Officers' Row, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The house was begun in 1867 under Lieutenant Colonel Wesley Meritt, but has been refurbished to the time of Colonel Benjamin Grierson, commander of the black Tenth US Cavalry, and his family, who lived here 1882-85. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC265.jpg
  • Cannon on the parade ground and Enlisted Men's Barracks, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The building houses a squad room and an orderly room refurbished as it was in 1884, when it was occupied by Buffalo Soldiers of Troop H, Tenth Cavalry. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC252.jpg
  • Parade ground and Enlisted Men's Barracks, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The building houses a squad room and an orderly room refurbished as it was in 1884, when it was occupied by Buffalo Soldiers of Troop H, Tenth Cavalry. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC251.jpg
  • Officers' Row, living quarters for the army officers, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC250.jpg
  • View across the parade ground to the Enlisted Men's barracks, from the Commanding Officer's quarters, on Officers' Row, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The house was begun in 1867 under Lieutenant Colonel Wesley Meritt, but has been refurbished to the time of Colonel Benjamin Grierson, commander of the black Tenth US Cavalry, and his family, who lived here 1882-85. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC248.jpg
  • Parade ground and Enlisted Men's Barracks, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The building houses a squad room and an orderly room refurbished as it was in 1884, when it was occupied by Buffalo Soldiers of Troop H, Tenth Cavalry. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC249.jpg
  • Parade ground and Enlisted Men's Barracks, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The building houses a squad room and an orderly room refurbished as it was in 1884, when it was occupied by Buffalo Soldiers of Troop H, Tenth Cavalry. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC247.jpg
  • Commissary, built 1883-91, a large building on the San Antonio to El Paso road which held the garrison food sup­plies, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC246.jpg
  • Photograph of the Enlisted Men's barracks in 1938, before restoration, exhibited at the Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC243.jpg
  • Enlisted Men's Barracks, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The building houses a squad room and an orderly room refurbished as it was in 1884, when it was occupied by Buffalo Soldiers of Troop H, Tenth Cavalry. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC244.jpg
  • Soldiers in the barracks, 1882-84, painting by Clyde Heron, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC240.jpg
  • Photograph of African-American enlisted men of the 25th US Infantry, with Sgt M M Harris, Co A (top right), and J T Elliott, Co A (bottom left), exhibited at the Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC239.jpg
  • Tourists eating lunch at the Poco Mexico restaurant at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC235.jpg
  • Dining room of the Commanding Officer's quarters, on Officers' Row, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The house was begun in 1867 under Lieutenant Colonel Wesley Meritt, but has been refurbished to the time of Colonel Benjamin Grierson, commander of the black Tenth US Cavalry, and his family, who lived here 1882-85. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC233.jpg
  • Back parlour of the Commanding Officer's quarters, on Officers' Row, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The house was begun in 1867 under Lieutenant Colonel Wesley Meritt, but has been refurbished to the time of Colonel Benjamin Grierson, commander of the black Tenth US Cavalry, and his family, who lived here 1882-85. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC232.jpg
  • Inside the Enlisted Men's Barracks, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC231.JPG
  • Cavalryman, in the Enlisted Men's Barracks, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The cavalry, first called the Mounted Dragoons, were used infrequently until the mid-1800s when the frontier had pushed westward into the Great Plains, when the nomadic culture of the Indians and the vastness of the West made the cavalry necessary. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC229.JPG
  • View of the parade ground at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC228.jpg
  • Cannon on the parade ground and behind, the Officers' Row, living quarters for the army officers, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC226.jpg
  • Officers' Row, lodging for the army officers, and on the left, the post hospital, restored 1960s - 1990s, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC227.jpg
  • Shared lieutenants' living quarters, built 1882 in Officers' Row, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The lodgings were built for a captain but were soon designated a shared quarters. It is refur­bished for a bach­elor lieutenant in the north side and a married lieutenant in the south side. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC225.jpg
  • Two-storey Officers' quarters, 4 detached buildings, 1 of which has been restored, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC224.jpg
  • Two-storey Officers' quarters, 4 detached buildings, 1 of which has been restored, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC223.jpg
  • Two-storey Officers' quarters, 4 detached buildings, 1 of which has been restored, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC222.jpg
  • Two-storey Officers' quarters, restored, 1 of 4 detached buildings, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC220.jpg
  • Two-storey Officers' quarters, restored, 1 of 4 detached buildings, with Officers' Row behind, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC221.jpg
  • Two-storey Officers' quarters, 1 of 4 detached buildings, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC219.jpg
  • Two-storey Officers' quarters, restored, 1 of 4 detached buildings, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC217.jpg
  • Two-storey Officers' quarters, 1 of 4 detached buildings, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC218.jpg
  • Officers' Row, living quarters for the army officers, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC215.jpg
  • Commanding Officer's quarters, on Officers' Row, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The house was begun in 1867 under Lieutenant Colonel Wesley Meritt, but has been refurbished to the time of Colonel Benjamin Grierson, commander of the black Tenth US Cavalry, and his family, who lived here 1882-85. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC214.jpg
  • Officers' Row, living quarters for the army officers, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC213.jpg
  • Shared lieutenants' living quarters, built 1882 in Officers' Row, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The lodgings were built for a captain but were soon designated a shared quarters. It is refur­bished for a bach­elor lieutenant in the north side and a married lieutenant in the south side. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC212.jpg
  • Post hospital, restored 1960s - 1990s, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The hospital was extended in 1884 with a second ward added, so it could hold up to 24 patients. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC211.jpg
  • Hospital Steward's quarters, built 1887-91, next to the Post hospital, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC210.jpg
  • Post hospital, restored 1960s - 1990s, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The hospital was extended in 1884 with a second ward added, so it could hold up to 24 patients. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC209.jpg
  • Officers' Row, living quarters for the army officers, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC207.jpg
  • Cannon on the parade ground and behind, the Officers' Row, living quarters for the army officers, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC206.jpg
  • Officers' Row, living quarters for the army officers, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC205.jpg
  • Porch of the Commanding Officer's quarters, on Officers' Row, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The house was begun in 1867 under Lieutenant Colonel Wesley Meritt, but has been refurbished to the time of Colonel Benjamin Grierson, commander of the black Tenth US Cavalry, and his family, who lived here 1882-85. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC204.jpg
  • Shared lieutenants' living quarters, built 1882 in Officers' Row, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The lodgings were built for a captain but were soon designated a shared quarters. It is refur­bished for a bach­elor lieutenant in the north side and a married lieutenant in the south side. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC202.jpg
  • Porch of the Commanding Officer's quarters, on Officers' Row, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The house was begun in 1867 under Lieutenant Colonel Wesley Meritt, but has been refurbished to the time of Colonel Benjamin Grierson, commander of the black Tenth US Cavalry, and his family, who lived here 1882-85. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC203.jpg
  • Officers' Row, living quarters for the army officers, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC200.jpg
  • Officers' Row, lodging for the army officers (left), and two-storey Officers' quarters, 4 detached buildings, 1 of which has been restored, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC264.jpg
  • Post hospital, restored 1960s - 1990s, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The hospital was extended in 1884 with a second ward added, so it could hold up to 24 patients. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC263.jpg
  • Foot soldier, in the Enlisted Men's Barracks, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. In 1775, Congress authorised 10 companies of riflemen foot soldiers to form the new continental army and guard the frontier. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC245.jpg
  • Master bedroom of the Commanding Officer's quarters, on Officers' Row, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The house was begun in 1867 under Lieutenant Colonel Wesley Meritt, but has been refurbished to the time of Colonel Benjamin Grierson, commander of the black Tenth US Cavalry, and his family, who lived here 1882-85. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC234.JPG
  • Inside the Enlisted Men's Barracks, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC230.jpg
  • Two-storey Officers' quarters, restored, 1 of 4 detached buildings, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC216.jpg
  • Shared lieutenants' living quarters, built 1882 in Officers' Row, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The lodgings were built for a captain but were soon designated a shared quarters. It is refur­bished for a bach­elor lieutenant in the north side and a married lieutenant in the south side. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC208.jpg
  • Commanding Officer's quarters, on Officers' Row, at Fort Davis National Historic Site, a US army fort established 1854, in a canyon in the Davis Mountains in West Texas, USA. The house was begun in 1867 under Lieutenant Colonel Wesley Meritt, but has been refurbished to the time of Colonel Benjamin Grierson, commander of the black Tenth US Cavalry, and his family, who lived here 1882-85. The fort was built to protect emigrants, mail coaches, and freight wagons on the trails through the State from Comanche and Apache Indians. After the Civil War, several African-American regiments were stationed here. By the 1880s, the fort consisted of one 100 buildings, housing over 400 soldiers. It was abandoned in 1891, but many buildings have been restored and the compound now operates as a historical site and museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_TEXAS_MC201.jpg
  • Western street set with saloon bar and porch, at Fort Bravo / Texas Hollywood, a Western style theme park and film studios near Tabernas in the Tabernas Desert, Almeria, Andalusia, Southern Spain. Fort Bravo was set up in the 1970s by stuntman Rafa Molina and has a Texan Western set and Spanish Mexican pueblo, which can be used for locations or explored by tourists. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_ALMERIA_MC186.JPG
  • Western street set with tourists driven in a horse and carriage, at Fort Bravo / Texas Hollywood, a Western style theme park and film studios near Tabernas in the Tabernas Desert, Almeria, Andalusia, Southern Spain. Fort Bravo was set up in the 1970s by stuntman Rafa Molina and has a Texan Western set and Spanish Mexican pueblo, which can be used for locations or explored by tourists. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_ALMERIA_MC185.jpg
  • Cowboy extra at Fort Bravo / Texas Hollywood, a Western style theme park and film studios near Tabernas in the Tabernas Desert, Almeria, Andalusia, Southern Spain. Fort Bravo was set up in the 1970s by stuntman Rafa Molina and has a Texan Western set and Spanish Mexican pueblo, which can be used for locations or explored by tourists. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_ALMERIA_MC184.jpg
  • Western street set with wooden colonnade along shopfronts and saloon bar, at Fort Bravo / Texas Hollywood, a Western style theme park and film studios near Tabernas in the Tabernas Desert, Almeria, Andalusia, Southern Spain. Fort Bravo was set up in the 1970s by stuntman Rafa Molina and has a Texan Western set and Spanish Mexican pueblo, which can be used for locations or explored by tourists. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_ALMERIA_MC183.jpg
  • Western street set, at Fort Bravo / Texas Hollywood, a Western style theme park and film studios near Tabernas in the Tabernas Desert, Almeria, Andalusia, Southern Spain. Fort Bravo was set up in the 1970s by stuntman Rafa Molina and has a Texan Western set and Spanish Mexican pueblo, which can be used for locations or explored by tourists. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_ALMERIA_MC182.jpg
  • Western street set with wooden colonnade along shopfronts, at Fort Bravo / Texas Hollywood, a Western style theme park and film studios near Tabernas in the Tabernas Desert, Almeria, Andalusia, Southern Spain. Fort Bravo was set up in the 1970s by stuntman Rafa Molina and has a Texan Western set and Spanish Mexican pueblo, which can be used for locations or explored by tourists. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_ALMERIA_MC181.jpg
  • Old carriage to be pulled by horses, at Fort Bravo / Texas Hollywood, a Western style theme park and film studios near Tabernas in the Tabernas Desert, Almeria, Andalusia, Southern Spain. Fort Bravo was set up in the 1970s by stuntman Rafa Molina and has a Texan Western set and Spanish Mexican pueblo, which can be used for locations or explored by tourists. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_ALMERIA_MC180.jpg
  • Old carriage to be pulled by horses, at Fort Bravo / Texas Hollywood, a Western style theme park and film studios near Tabernas in the Tabernas Desert, Almeria, Andalusia, Southern Spain. Fort Bravo was set up in the 1970s by stuntman Rafa Molina and has a Texan Western set and Spanish Mexican pueblo, which can be used for locations or explored by tourists. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_ALMERIA_MC179.jpg
  • The Fort de Salses, built 1497-1504, Catalan fortress in Salses-le-Chateau, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. The fortress guarded the former border between Spain and France. It was captured by the French in 1642 during the 30 Years War and became redundant in 1659 with the Treaty of the Pyrenees, when the Spanish border moved South. Its architecture presents the transition between medieval castle and modern fortress. It has very thick walls, mounded earth piled against the internal walls, archer slits, low towers, a deep  moat and a ditch around the keep. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC397.jpg
  • The Fort de Salses, built 1497-1504, Catalan fortress in Salses-le-Chateau, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. The fortress guarded the former border between Spain and France. It was captured by the French in 1642 during the 30 Years War and became redundant in 1659 with the Treaty of the Pyrenees, when the Spanish border moved South. Its architecture presents the transition between medieval castle and modern fortress. It has very thick walls, mounded earth piled against the internal walls, archer slits, low towers, a deep  moat and a ditch around the keep. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC399.jpg
  • The Fort de Salses, built 1497-1504, Catalan fortress in Salses-le-Chateau, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. The fortress guarded the former border between Spain and France. It was captured by the French in 1642 during the 30 Years War and became redundant in 1659 with the Treaty of the Pyrenees, when the Spanish border moved South. Its architecture presents the transition between medieval castle and modern fortress. It has very thick walls, mounded earth piled against the internal walls, archer slits, low towers, a deep  moat and a ditch around the keep. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC398.jpg
  • The Fort de Salses, built 1497-1504, Catalan fortress in Salses-le-Chateau, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. The fortress guarded the former border between Spain and France. It was captured by the French in 1642 during the 30 Years War and became redundant in 1659 with the Treaty of the Pyrenees, when the Spanish border moved South. Its architecture presents the transition between medieval castle and modern fortress. It has very thick walls, mounded earth piled against the internal walls, archer slits, low towers, a deep  moat and a ditch around the keep. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC396.jpg
  • Secret Portrait of Charles Edward Stuart, or Bonnie Prince Charlie, 1720-88, Stuart claimant to the British throne who was defeated at the Battle of Culloden in 1746, in the collection of the West Highland Museum in Fort William, Scotland. This is an anamorphic painting on a tray, which can only be seen correctly if viewed at a certain angle, reflected in the glass cylinder shown. After the 1745 uprising, showing support for Bonnie Prince Charlie was a treasonable offence. This anamorphic portrait enabled supporters to view the portrait on the dinner tray reflected in the cylinder or a glass of wine, and raise a toast, but the portrait could be easily concealed or misunderstood if discovered. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_SCOTLAND_MC_167.jpg
  • The Strange Plate, a copper plate etched 1746 by Robert Strange, by order of Bonnie Prince Charlie, to print money for the Jacobite cause (although it was never used), in the West Highland Museum in Fort William, Highlands, Scotland. Bonnie Prince Charlie, or Charles Edward Stuart, 1720-88, was the Stuart claimant to the British throne, who took part in the Jacobite Risings and fled to France. The West Highland Museum holds many items belonging to him, including his death mask, weapons, possessions and clothes. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_SCOTLAND_MC_168.jpg
  • Death mask of Charles Edward Stuart, or Bonnie Prince Charlie, 1720-88, Stuart claimant to the British throne who was defeated at the Battle of Culloden in 1746, in the collection of the West Highland Museum in Fort William, Scotland. The death mask was made in Rome, Italy, on his death in 1788. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_SCOTLAND_MC_166.jpg
  • Clothes belonging to Bonnie Prince Charlie, including a silk waistcoat given to him by his doctor in Rome, in the West Highland Museum in Fort William, Highlands, Scotland. Bonnie Prince Charlie, or Charles Edward Stuart, 1720-88, was the Stuart claimant to the British throne, who took part in the Jacobite Risings and fled to France. The West Highland Museum holds many items belonging to him, including his death mask, weapons, possessions and clothes. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_SCOTLAND_MC_165.jpg
  • Model of Housesteads Roman fort on Hadrian's Wall, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. The fort is rectangular, with the main administrative buildings in the centre, and barracks, stables and workshops at either side. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_146.jpg
  • Model of Housesteads Roman fort on Hadrian's Wall, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. The fort is rectangular, with the main administrative buildings in the centre, and barracks, stables and workshops at either side. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_144.jpg
  • Central corridor linking rooms in the Fort des Basses Perches, or Fort Valmy, built 1874-77 in Danjoutin and Belfort, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The fort forms part of the Forts des Perches, the first ring of fortifications around Belfort, part of the Sere de Rivieres system of French border defences. The fort was in use during the Franco-Prussian War and housed 126 soldiers and 6 officers. In 1893 it was linked to other forts by the Chemins de Fer du Territoire de Belfort railway. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0172.jpg
  • Fort des Basses Perches, or Fort Valmy, built 1874-77 in Danjoutin and Belfort, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The fort forms part of the Forts des Perches, the first ring of fortifications around Belfort, part of the Sere de Rivieres system of French border defences. The fort was in use during the Franco-Prussian War and housed 126 soldiers and 6 officers. In 1893 it was linked to other forts by the Chemins de Fer du Territoire de Belfort railway. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0173.jpg
  • Illustration of the chalet barracks at Housesteads Roman fort on Hadrian's Wall in the 4th century AD, by Philip Corke, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Around 300 AD, the communal barracks at the fort were demolished and replaced with chalet style houses for each soldier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_147.jpg
  • Roman stone with a carved fragment of a larger inscription, recording a measurement of length in Roman feet '(PE) DATVRA (…) VCI', built by an unknown unit, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_136.jpg
  • Chalet barracks, built 4th century AD, at Housesteads Roman Fort, on Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Around 300 AD, the communal barracks at the fort were demolished and replaced with chalet style houses for each soldier. A reconstruction of these has been made by Philip Corke in the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. This section of the Wall is in the Northumberland National Park, managed by the National Trust, and the Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_123.jpg
  • Fort des Basses Perches, or Fort Valmy, built 1874-77 in Danjoutin and Belfort, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The fort forms part of the Forts des Perches, the first ring of fortifications around Belfort, part of the Sere de Rivieres system of French border defences. The fort was in use during the Franco-Prussian War and housed 126 soldiers and 6 officers. In 1893 it was linked to other forts by the Chemins de Fer du Territoire de Belfort railway. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC22_FRANCE_MC_0132.jpg
  • Uniform of a French soldier during the siege of Belfort 1870-71 during the Franco-Prussian war, and of a nurse of the same era, in the Fort des Basses Perches, or Fort Valmy, built 1874-77 in Danjoutin and Belfort, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The fort forms part of the Forts des Perches, the first ring of fortifications around Belfort, part of the Sere de Rivieres system of French border defences. The fort was in use during the Franco-Prussian War and housed 126 soldiers and 6 officers. In 1893 it was linked to other forts by the Chemins de Fer du Territoire de Belfort railway. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0170.jpg
  • Uniform of a French soldier during the siege of Belfort 1870-71 during the Franco-Prussian war, in the Fort des Basses Perches, or Fort Valmy, built 1874-77 in Danjoutin and Belfort, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The fort forms part of the Forts des Perches, the first ring of fortifications around Belfort, part of the Sere de Rivieres system of French border defences. The fort was in use during the Franco-Prussian War and housed 126 soldiers and 6 officers. In 1893 it was linked to other forts by the Chemins de Fer du Territoire de Belfort railway. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0171.jpg
  • The Fort National, designed by Vauban, 1633-1707, and built 1689-93 on the L'Ilette tidal island to defend the port of the walled city of Saint-Malo, on the coast of Brittany, North West France. The city was rebuilt 1948-60 after being largely destroyed during World War Two. It is a port which has traditionally been home to the corsairs, French privateers and sometimes pirates, and is heavily fortified with ramparts, a castle, fort and fortified tidal islands. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0743.jpg
  • Granary or horreum, used to store the huge quantities of food required by hundreds of soldiers, with strong buttressed stone walls with air vents, an overhanging roof to keep rain away and raised floors to allow air circulation, at Housesteads Roman Fort, on Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. The granary is on the highest, driest part of the fort, and had 2 storeys with a roof supported on a row of 6 pillars. 2 entrances faced an open area for easy unloading and turning of carts. This building was later modified into 2, visible today, each with its own roof. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. This section of the Wall is in the Northumberland National Park, managed by the National Trust, and the Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_120.jpg
  • Communal Latrine for up to 800 men, with a deep sewer, originally covered with a wooden floor and benches with holes to form multiple toilet seats, at Housesteads Roman Fort, on Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. The sewer was flushed by rainwater via drains, and out via a culvert under the fort wall. In dry weather, rainwater was collected from roofs of nearby buildings and stored in stone tanks seen here. The central platform has a channel along which water flowed for washing. For toilet paper, the soldiers may have used moss, bracken or rags. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. This section of the Wall is in the Northumberland National Park, managed by the National Trust, and the Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_119.jpg
  • Roman window head carved with stylised wheels or rosettes, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Many decorative window heads have been found at Housesteads, with abstract and geometric designs aswell as classical motifs. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_143.jpg
  • Roman sculpture of the Matres or mother-goddesses seated on a bench, wearing tunics and holding cups and possibly fruit, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Popular on Hadrian’s Wall, the Matres Cult is a military cult originating in Germany. It is thought there was a Matres temple near Knag Burn and 9 Matres sculptures have been found at Housesteads. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_141.jpg
  • Roman stone with carving of Mercury, god of trade, commerce and thieves, in a classical pose, with a cloak draped over his arm, a winged hat or petasus, staff or caduceus and money bag in his right hand, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_140.jpg
  • Roman stone shrine with carving of Diana, goddess of the moon and hunting, reaching for an arrow with her bow poised, with a hunting dog and a stag watching, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_139.jpg
  • Roman stone with carving of Mars, god of war and the legions, dressed as a soldier wearing body armour, pleated skirt and greaves or leg protection and a crested helmet, holding a spear and shield with a goose in the foreground, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. An inscription reads, 'To the God Mars, Victory and the Deities of the Emperors'. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_138.jpg
  • Roman stone inscribed with ‘C IVLI CANDID F', meaning 'the century of Julius Candidus made this', found on Hadrian's Wall West of Housesteads, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. There are 3 other stones from the Wall recording this centurion. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_137.jpg
  • Granary or horreum, used to store the huge quantities of food required by hundreds of soldiers, with strong buttressed stone walls with air vents, an overhanging roof to keep rain away and raised floors to allow air circulation, at Housesteads Roman Fort, on Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. The granary is on the highest, driest part of the fort, and had 2 storeys with a roof supported on a row of 6 pillars. 2 entrances faced an open area for easy unloading and turning of carts. This building was later modified into 2, visible today, each with its own roof. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. This section of the Wall is in the Northumberland National Park, managed by the National Trust, and the Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_125.jpg
  • Granary or horreum, used to store the huge quantities of food required by hundreds of soldiers, with strong buttressed stone walls with air vents, an overhanging roof to keep rain away and raised floors to allow air circulation, at Housesteads Roman Fort, on Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. The granary is on the highest, driest part of the fort, and had 2 storeys with a roof supported on a row of 6 pillars. 2 entrances faced an open area for easy unloading and turning of carts. This building was later modified into 2, visible today, each with its own roof. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. This section of the Wall is in the Northumberland National Park, managed by the National Trust, and the Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_124.jpg
  • Granary or horreum, used to store the huge quantities of food required by hundreds of soldiers, with strong buttressed stone walls with air vents, an overhanging roof to keep rain away and raised floors to allow air circulation, at Housesteads Roman Fort, on Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. The granary is on the highest, driest part of the fort, and had 2 storeys with a roof supported on a row of 6 pillars. 2 entrances faced an open area for easy unloading and turning of carts. This building was later modified into 2, visible today, each with its own roof. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. This section of the Wall is in the Northumberland National Park, managed by the National Trust, and the Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_121.jpg
  • Roman stone statue of the winged goddess Victory, found at the East gateway to Housesteads Roman Fort in 1852, at Chesters Roman Fort Museum, at Chesters Roman Fort or Cilurnum, managed by English Heritage, Northumberland, England. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. The Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it at his point. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_047.jpg
  • Entrance to the Fort de la Miotte, or Fort Kleber, built 1831-35 by Haxo on the Miotte Hill, at Belfort, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The fort defends the road to Colmar and forms part of the Belfort fortifications outside the citadel. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0178.jpg
  • Carved capitals and ceiling beams in mughal style in Amer Fort, built during the reign of Raja Man Singh, the Kachwaha King of Amer, in the 16th century, then expanded by Jai Singh I, above Maota Lake at Amer near Jaipur in Rajasthan, India. The fort is constructed from red sandstone and marble and has many mughal influences. It was the palace of the Rajput maharajas and their families. The fort is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_INDIA_MC_023.jpg
  • Chahar Bagh or Inner Garden in the palace courtyard within Amer Fort, built during the reign of Raja Man Singh, the Kachwaha King of Amer, in the 16th century, then expanded by Jai Singh I, above Maota Lake at Amer near Jaipur in Rajasthan, India. This is a mughal style garden with marble parterres in geometric patterns. The fort itself is constructed from red sandstone and marble and has many mughal influences. It was the palace of the Rajput maharajas and their families. The fort is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_INDIA_MC_026.jpg
  • Amer Fort, built during the reign of Raja Man Singh, the Kachwaha King of Amer, in the 16th century, then expanded by Jai Singh I, above Maota Lake at Amer near Jaipur in Rajasthan, India. The fort is constructed from red sandstone and marble and has many mughal influences. It was the palace of the Rajput maharajas and their families. The fort is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_INDIA_MC_031.JPG
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