manuel cohen

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  • Forge, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 53m water-powered forge is the oldest metallurgical factory in Europe, dating from 1220. It was recently reconstructed. The monks extracted iron ore from a nearby hill and forged iron tools to sell. The Cistercians were masters of metallurgy and invented the hydraulic hammer on this site. This is the main room of the forge, with decorated capitals atop massive columns supporting the rib-vaulted ceiling. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC269.jpg
  • Forge, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 53m water-powered forge is the oldest metallurgical factory in Europe, dating from 1220. It was recently reconstructed. The monks extracted iron ore from a nearby hill and forged iron tools to sell. The Cistercians were masters of metallurgy and invented the hydraulic hammer on this site. This is one of the four rooms in the forge and has a Roman arch and a Gothic arch. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC243.jpg
  • Forge, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 53m water-powered forge is the oldest metallurgical factory in Europe, dating from 1220. It was recently reconstructed. The monks extracted iron ore from a nearby hill and forged iron tools to sell. The Cistercians were masters of metallurgy and invented the hydraulic hammer on this site. This is the main room of the forge, with decorated capitals atop massive columns supporting the rib-vaulted ceiling. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC262.jpg
  • Mathieu Bonnemaison, a blacksmith, at work hammering and shaping metal on an anvil in the forge at the Chateau de Guedelon, a castle built since 1997 using only medieval materials and processes, photographed in 2017, in Treigny, Yonne, Burgundy, France. In the forge, the site's blacksmiths repair and manufacture all the metalwork needed for the project, including chisels, axes, adzes, gates and hinges. The Guedelon project was begun in 1997 by Michel Guyot, owner of the nearby Chateau de Saint-Fargeau, with architect Jacques Moulin. It is an educational and scientific project with the aim of understanding medieval building techniques and the chateau should be completed in the 2020s. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1304.jpg
  • Tools in the Forge, including a brush, chains, links and a poker, at the Chateau de Guedelon, a castle built since 1997 using only medieval materials and processes, photographed in 2017, in Treigny, Yonne, Burgundy, France. In the forge, the site's blacksmiths repair and manufacture all the metalwork needed for the project, including chisels, axes, adzes, gates and hinges. The Guedelon project was begun in 1997 by Michel Guyot, owner of the nearby Chateau de Saint-Fargeau, with architect Jacques Moulin. It is an educational and scientific project with the aim of understanding medieval building techniques and the chateau should be completed in the 2020s. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1282.jpg
  • Pliers and pincers in the Forge, at the Chateau de Guedelon, a castle built since 1997 using only medieval materials and processes, photographed in 2017, in Treigny, Yonne, Burgundy, France. In the forge, the site's blacksmiths repair and manufacture all the metalwork needed for the project, including chisels, axes, adzes, gates and hinges. The Guedelon project was begun in 1997 by Michel Guyot, owner of the nearby Chateau de Saint-Fargeau, with architect Jacques Moulin. It is an educational and scientific project with the aim of understanding medieval building techniques and the chateau should be completed in the 2020s. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1280.jpg
  • Trowel, files, chisels and stone cutting tools in the Forge, at the Chateau de Guedelon, a castle built since 1997 using only medieval materials and processes, photographed in 2017, in Treigny, Yonne, Burgundy, France. In the forge, the site's blacksmiths repair and manufacture all the metalwork needed for the project, including chisels, axes, adzes, gates and hinges. The Guedelon project was begun in 1997 by Michel Guyot, owner of the nearby Chateau de Saint-Fargeau, with architect Jacques Moulin. It is an educational and scientific project with the aim of understanding medieval building techniques and the chateau should be completed in the 2020s. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1274.jpg
  • Mathieu Bonnemaison, a blacksmith, at work at the furnace in the forge at the Chateau de Guedelon, a castle built since 1997 using only medieval materials and processes, photographed in 2017, in Treigny, Yonne, Burgundy, France. In the forge, the site's blacksmiths repair and manufacture all the metalwork needed for the project, including chisels, axes, adzes, gates and hinges. The Guedelon project was begun in 1997 by Michel Guyot, owner of the nearby Chateau de Saint-Fargeau, with architect Jacques Moulin. It is an educational and scientific project with the aim of understanding medieval building techniques and the chateau should be completed in the 2020s. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1308.jpg
  • Mathieu Bonnemaison, a blacksmith, at work at the furnace in the forge at the Chateau de Guedelon, a castle built since 1997 using only medieval materials and processes, photographed in 2017, in Treigny, Yonne, Burgundy, France. In the forge, the site's blacksmiths repair and manufacture all the metalwork needed for the project, including chisels, axes, adzes, gates and hinges. The Guedelon project was begun in 1997 by Michel Guyot, owner of the nearby Chateau de Saint-Fargeau, with architect Jacques Moulin. It is an educational and scientific project with the aim of understanding medieval building techniques and the chateau should be completed in the 2020s. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1307.jpg
  • Mathieu Bonnemaison, a blacksmith, at work hammering and shaping metal on an anvil in the forge at the Chateau de Guedelon, a castle built since 1997 using only medieval materials and processes, photographed in 2017, in Treigny, Yonne, Burgundy, France. In the forge, the site's blacksmiths repair and manufacture all the metalwork needed for the project, including chisels, axes, adzes, gates and hinges. The Guedelon project was begun in 1997 by Michel Guyot, owner of the nearby Chateau de Saint-Fargeau, with architect Jacques Moulin. It is an educational and scientific project with the aim of understanding medieval building techniques and the chateau should be completed in the 2020s. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1306.jpg
  • Mathieu Bonnemaison, a blacksmith, at work hammering metal on an anvil in the forge at the Chateau de Guedelon, a castle built since 1997 using only medieval materials and processes, photographed in 2017, in Treigny, Yonne, Burgundy, France. In the forge, the site's blacksmiths repair and manufacture all the metalwork needed for the project, including chisels, axes, adzes, gates and hinges. The Guedelon project was begun in 1997 by Michel Guyot, owner of the nearby Chateau de Saint-Fargeau, with architect Jacques Moulin. It is an educational and scientific project with the aim of understanding medieval building techniques and the chateau should be completed in the 2020s. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1305.jpg
  • Mathieu Bonnemaison, a blacksmith, at work hammering and shaping metal on an anvil in the forge at the Chateau de Guedelon, a castle built since 1997 using only medieval materials and processes, photographed in 2017, in Treigny, Yonne, Burgundy, France. In the forge, the site's blacksmiths repair and manufacture all the metalwork needed for the project, including chisels, axes, adzes, gates and hinges. The Guedelon project was begun in 1997 by Michel Guyot, owner of the nearby Chateau de Saint-Fargeau, with architect Jacques Moulin. It is an educational and scientific project with the aim of understanding medieval building techniques and the chateau should be completed in the 2020s. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1302.jpg
  • Mathieu Bonnemaison, a blacksmith, at work hammering and shaping metal on an anvil in the forge at the Chateau de Guedelon, a castle built since 1997 using only medieval materials and processes, photographed in 2017, in Treigny, Yonne, Burgundy, France. In the forge, the site's blacksmiths repair and manufacture all the metalwork needed for the project, including chisels, axes, adzes, gates and hinges. The Guedelon project was begun in 1997 by Michel Guyot, owner of the nearby Chateau de Saint-Fargeau, with architect Jacques Moulin. It is an educational and scientific project with the aim of understanding medieval building techniques and the chateau should be completed in the 2020s. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1303.jpg
  • Mathieu Bonnemaison, a blacksmith, at work hammering and shaping metal on an anvil in the forge at the Chateau de Guedelon, a castle built since 1997 using only medieval materials and processes, photographed in 2017, in Treigny, Yonne, Burgundy, France. In the forge, the site's blacksmiths repair and manufacture all the metalwork needed for the project, including chisels, axes, adzes, gates and hinges. The Guedelon project was begun in 1997 by Michel Guyot, owner of the nearby Chateau de Saint-Fargeau, with architect Jacques Moulin. It is an educational and scientific project with the aim of understanding medieval building techniques and the chateau should be completed in the 2020s. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1301.jpg
  • Various examples of stamped decoration in the Forge, at the Chateau de Guedelon, a castle built since 1997 using only medieval materials and processes, photographed in 2017, in Treigny, Yonne, Burgundy, France. In the forge, the site's blacksmiths repair and manufacture all the metalwork needed for the project, including chisels, axes, adzes, gates and hinges. The Guedelon project was begun in 1997 by Michel Guyot, owner of the nearby Chateau de Saint-Fargeau, with architect Jacques Moulin. It is an educational and scientific project with the aim of understanding medieval building techniques and the chateau should be completed in the 2020s. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1283.jpg
  • Nails, in the Forge, at the Chateau de Guedelon, a castle built since 1997 using only medieval materials and processes, photographed in 2017, in Treigny, Yonne, Burgundy, France. In the forge, the site's blacksmiths repair and manufacture all the metalwork needed for the project, including chisels, axes, adzes, gates and hinges. The Guedelon project was begun in 1997 by Michel Guyot, owner of the nearby Chateau de Saint-Fargeau, with architect Jacques Moulin. It is an educational and scientific project with the aim of understanding medieval building techniques and the chateau should be completed in the 2020s. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1281.jpg
  • Tools, including hammers and a brush, at the Forge, at the Chateau de Guedelon, a castle built since 1997 using only medieval materials and processes, photographed in 2017, in Treigny, Yonne, Burgundy, France. In the forge, the site's blacksmiths repair and manufacture all the metalwork needed for the project, including chisels, axes, adzes, gates and hinges. The Guedelon project was begun in 1997 by Michel Guyot, owner of the nearby Chateau de Saint-Fargeau, with architect Jacques Moulin. It is an educational and scientific project with the aim of understanding medieval building techniques and the chateau should be completed in the 2020s. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1279.jpg
  • Hammer, wire brush and an anvil in the Forge, with pincers and pliers on the wall behind, at the Chateau de Guedelon, a castle built since 1997 using only medieval materials and processes, photographed in 2017, in Treigny, Yonne, Burgundy, France. In the forge, the site's blacksmiths repair and manufacture all the metalwork needed for the project, including chisels, axes, adzes, gates and hinges. The Guedelon project was begun in 1997 by Michel Guyot, owner of the nearby Chateau de Saint-Fargeau, with architect Jacques Moulin. It is an educational and scientific project with the aim of understanding medieval building techniques and the chateau should be completed in the 2020s. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1277.jpg
  • Hammers and an anvil in the Forge, at the Chateau de Guedelon, a castle built since 1997 using only medieval materials and processes, photographed in 2017, in Treigny, Yonne, Burgundy, France. In the forge, the site's blacksmiths repair and manufacture all the metalwork needed for the project, including chisels, axes, adzes, gates and hinges. The Guedelon project was begun in 1997 by Michel Guyot, owner of the nearby Chateau de Saint-Fargeau, with architect Jacques Moulin. It is an educational and scientific project with the aim of understanding medieval building techniques and the chateau should be completed in the 2020s. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1276.jpg
  • Nails in the Forge, at the Chateau de Guedelon, a castle built since 1997 using only medieval materials and processes, photographed in 2017, in Treigny, Yonne, Burgundy, France. In the forge, the site's blacksmiths repair and manufacture all the metalwork needed for the project, including chisels, axes, adzes, gates and hinges. The Guedelon project was begun in 1997 by Michel Guyot, owner of the nearby Chateau de Saint-Fargeau, with architect Jacques Moulin. It is an educational and scientific project with the aim of understanding medieval building techniques and the chateau should be completed in the 2020s. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1275.jpg
  • Pliers and pincers in the Forge, at the Chateau de Guedelon, a castle built since 1997 using only medieval materials and processes, photographed in 2017, in Treigny, Yonne, Burgundy, France. In the forge, the site's blacksmiths repair and manufacture all the metalwork needed for the project, including chisels, axes, adzes, gates and hinges. The Guedelon project was begun in 1997 by Michel Guyot, owner of the nearby Chateau de Saint-Fargeau, with architect Jacques Moulin. It is an educational and scientific project with the aim of understanding medieval building techniques and the chateau should be completed in the 2020s. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1278.jpg
  • Waterwheel at the forge, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 53m water-powered forge is the oldest metallurgical factory in Europe, dating from 1220. It was recently reconstructed. The monks extracted iron ore from a nearby hill and forged iron tools to sell. The Cistercians were masters of metallurgy and invented the hydraulic hammer on this site, which was driven by this waterwheel. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC266.jpg
  • Forge, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 53m water-powered forge is the oldest metallurgical factory in Europe, dating from 1220. It was recently reconstructed. The monks extracted iron ore from a nearby hill and forged iron tools to sell. The Cistercians were masters of metallurgy and invented the hydraulic hammer on this site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC268.jpg
  • Forge, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 53m water-powered forge is the oldest metallurgical factory in Europe, dating from 1220. It was recently reconstructed. The monks extracted iron ore from a nearby hill and forged iron tools to sell. The Cistercians were masters of metallurgy and invented the hydraulic hammer on this site.  Here we see the oven, chimney, cupola furnace, bellows, anvil and iron beating trip hammers. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC240.jpg
  • Emile's forge, donated by Maurice Bernard from Eurville, with hearths, bellows, tools, power hammers, anvils and stamping machines, at the Conservatoire des Arts de la Metallurgie, or Conservatory of the Arts of Metallurgy, formerly the lower factory of the foundry at Dommartin-le-Franc, in the Blaise valley, Haute-Marne, Grand Est, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1865.JPG
  • Forge, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 53m water-powered forge is the oldest metallurgical factory in Europe, dating from 1220. It was recently reconstructed. The monks extracted iron ore from a nearby hill and forged iron tools to sell. The Cistercians were masters of metallurgy and invented the hydraulic hammer on this site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC282.jpg
  • Forge, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 53m water-powered forge is the oldest metallurgical factory in Europe, dating from 1220. It was recently reconstructed. The monks extracted iron ore from a nearby hill and forged iron tools to sell. The Cistercians were masters of metallurgy and invented the hydraulic hammer on this site.  Here we see the oven, chimney, cupola furnace, bellows, anvil and iron beating trip hammers. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC241.jpg
  • Forge, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 53m water-powered forge is the oldest metallurgical factory in Europe, dating from 1220. It was recently reconstructed. The monks extracted iron ore from a nearby hill and forged iron tools to sell. The Cistercians were masters of metallurgy and invented the hydraulic hammer on this site.  Here we see the oven, chimney, cupola furnace, bellows, anvil and iron beating trip hammers. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC242.jpg
  • Nicolas Desbons, metalworker and artist, shaping a heated steel rod with a hammer on an anvil by the forge in his Soleil Rouge workshop, photographed in 2017, in Montreuil, a suburb of Paris, France. Desbons works mainly in steel but often in conjunction with other materials such as fibreglass, glass and clay, using both cold metal and forge techniques. He produces both figurative and abstract sculptures as well as furniture and lighting. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    02022017_NicolasDesbons_MC039.jpg
  • Nicolas Desbons, metalworker and artist, shaping a heated steel rod with a hammer on an anvil by the forge in his Soleil Rouge workshop, photographed in 2017, in Montreuil, a suburb of Paris, France. Desbons works mainly in steel but often in conjunction with other materials such as fibreglass, glass and clay, using both cold metal and forge techniques. He produces both figurative and abstract sculptures as well as furniture and lighting. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    02022017_NicolasDesbon_MC041.jpg
  • Nicolas Desbons, metalworker and artist, shaping a heated steel rod with a hammer on an anvil by the forge in his Soleil Rouge workshop, photographed in 2017, in Montreuil, a suburb of Paris, France. Desbons works mainly in steel but often in conjunction with other materials such as fibreglass, glass and clay, using both cold metal and forge techniques. He produces both figurative and abstract sculptures as well as furniture and lighting. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    02022017_NicolasDesbon_MC040.jpg
  • Nicolas Desbons, metalworker and artist, by the forge in his Soleil Rouge workshop, photographed in 2017, in Montreuil, a suburb of Paris, France. Desbons works mainly in steel but often in conjunction with other materials such as fibreglass, glass and clay, using both cold metal and forge techniques. He produces both figurative and abstract sculptures as well as furniture and lighting. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    02022017_NicolasDesbon_MC037.jpg
  • Nicolas Desbons, metalworker and artist, shaping a heated steel rod with a hammer on an anvil by the forge in his Soleil Rouge workshop, photographed in 2017, in Montreuil, a suburb of Paris, France. Desbons works mainly in steel but often in conjunction with other materials such as fibreglass, glass and clay, using both cold metal and forge techniques. He produces both figurative and abstract sculptures as well as furniture and lighting. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    02022017_NicolasDesbons_MC041.jpg
  • Nicolas Desbons, metalworker and artist, shaping a heated steel rod with a hammer on an anvil by the forge in his Soleil Rouge workshop, photographed in 2017, in Montreuil, a suburb of Paris, France. Desbons works mainly in steel but often in conjunction with other materials such as fibreglass, glass and clay, using both cold metal and forge techniques. He produces both figurative and abstract sculptures as well as furniture and lighting. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    02022017_NicolasDesbons_MC040.jpg
  • Nicolas Desbons, metalworker and artist, shaping a heated steel rod by the forge in his Soleil Rouge workshop, photographed in 2017, in Montreuil, a suburb of Paris, France. Desbons works mainly in steel but often in conjunction with other materials such as fibreglass, glass and clay, using both cold metal and forge techniques. He produces both figurative and abstract sculptures as well as furniture and lighting. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    02022017_NicolasDesbons_MC038.jpg
  • Nicolas Desbons, metalworker and artist, by the forge in his Soleil Rouge workshop, photographed in 2017, in Montreuil, a suburb of Paris, France. Desbons works mainly in steel but often in conjunction with other materials such as fibreglass, glass and clay, using both cold metal and forge techniques. He produces both figurative and abstract sculptures as well as furniture and lighting. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    02022017_NicolasDesbons_MC037.jpg
  • Nicolas Desbons, metalworker and artist, shaping a heated steel rod with a hammer on an anvil by the forge in his Soleil Rouge workshop, photographed in 2017, in Montreuil, a suburb of Paris, France. Desbons works mainly in steel but often in conjunction with other materials such as fibreglass, glass and clay, using both cold metal and forge techniques. He produces both figurative and abstract sculptures as well as furniture and lighting. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    02022017_NicolasDesbon_MC039.jpg
  • Nicolas Desbons, metalworker and artist, shaping a heated steel rod by the forge in his Soleil Rouge workshop, photographed in 2017, in Montreuil, a suburb of Paris, France. Desbons works mainly in steel but often in conjunction with other materials such as fibreglass, glass and clay, using both cold metal and forge techniques. He produces both figurative and abstract sculptures as well as furniture and lighting. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    02022017_NicolasDesbon_MC038.jpg
  • Tomb of Jean-Charles Alphand, 1891, by Jules Coutan (centre), Tomb of Anatole de La Forge, 1893, by Louis-Ernest Barrias (background left), Pere Lachaise Cemetery (Cimetiere du Pere-Lachaise) Paris, France, opened 1804, designed by Alexandre-Theodore Brongniart. Named after Pere Francois de la Chaise (1624-1709), confessor to Louis XIV (1638-1713), who lived in the Jesuit house on the site of the chapel. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_PARIS_11_MC127.jpg
  • Forge with illustration of men working in a foundry, tools and cross section of furnace, plate from the Encyclopaedia of Diderot and Alembert, first edition, published 1751, 35 volumes, in the library of the Maison de l’Outil et de la Pensee Ouvriere, with over 32,000 books, specialising in manual labour, housed in the Hotel de Mauroy, built c. 1560, in Troyes, Aube, Grand Est, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0419.jpg
  • Pierre Basse, artisan blacksmith, at work at the forge in his workshop in Vanves, Paris, France, in 2017. Pierre Basse was the ironmonger for Diego Giacometti, and makes objects and furniture from wrought iron. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    111217_PierreBasse_MC010.JPG
  • Pierre Basse, artisan blacksmith, at work at the forge in his workshop in Vanves, Paris, France, in 2017. Pierre Basse was the ironmonger for Diego Giacometti, and makes objects and furniture from wrought iron. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    111217_PierreBasse_MC009.jpg
  • Philippe Picard, blacksmith at the Guedelon project since 02/03/2015, wearing medieval costume and holding a hammer and pincers, at the Chateau de Guedelon, a castle built since 1997 using only medieval materials and processes, in Treigny, Yonne, Burgundy, France. The blacksmith works in the forge, and repairs and manufactures all the metalwork needed for the project, including chisels, axes, adzes, gates and hinges. The Guedelon project was begun in 1997 by Michel Guyot, owner of the nearby Chateau de Saint-Fargeau, with architect Jacques Moulin. It is an educational and scientific project with the aim of understanding medieval building techniques and the chateau should be completed in the 2020s. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    19052017_GuedelonPortraits_MC014.jpg
  • Philippe Picard, blacksmith at the Guedelon project since 02/03/2015, wearing medieval costume and holding a hammer and pincers, at the Chateau de Guedelon, a castle built since 1997 using only medieval materials and processes, in Treigny, Yonne, Burgundy, France. The blacksmith works in the forge, and repairs and manufactures all the metalwork needed for the project, including chisels, axes, adzes, gates and hinges. The Guedelon project was begun in 1997 by Michel Guyot, owner of the nearby Chateau de Saint-Fargeau, with architect Jacques Moulin. It is an educational and scientific project with the aim of understanding medieval building techniques and the chateau should be completed in the 2020s. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    19052017_GuedelonPortraits_MC011.jpg
  • Relief of Vulcan, god of fire and metalworking, at his forge, from a series of reliefs of classical Greek gods on the intrados (underside of the arch) of the main portal, designed by Andres de Vandelvira, 1509–75, in Plateresque style, and carved by Esteban Jamete, 1515-65, at the Sacra Capilla del Salvador, or Sacred Chapel of the Saviour, designed by Diego de Siloe and Andres de Vandelvira and built for Francisco de los Cobos in 1536 in Spanish Renaissance style and consecrated in 1559, on the Plaza Vazquez de Molina, in Ubeda, Jaen, Andalusia, Spain. The Renaissance buildings of Ubeda and Baeza are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_SPAIN_MC163.jpg
  • Bronze relief of the iron industry by Friedrich Drake after drawings by L Pietsch on the base of a statue of Peter Christian Wilhelm Beuth by Kiss, on Schinkelplatz outside the Bauakademie or Building Academy, originally built 1832-36 by Karl Friedrich Schinkel, home to architectural institutions and universities, Berlin, Germany. The relief shows a foundry with Wohlert, 1797-1877, and Freund and a forge with Borsig, 1804-54, and Egells, 1788-1854. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_BERLIN_MC0769.jpg
  • Above, Jacob blessing Ephraim and Manasseh, crossing his arms over so as to give the birthright to Ephraim the youngest son, on the right. In the middle, Samson carrying the gates of Gaza, the anointing and entombment of Christ and David fighting with a lion. Below, donor windows of the blacksmiths and farriers; men throwing fuel into a forge, a farrier fitting a horseshoe while 2 men hold the horse and 2 blacksmiths beating a red hot piece of iron on an anvil, quatrefoil from the Typological Passion stained glass window, 1210-25, in the transept of Chartres Cathedral, Eure-et-Loir, France. This window, unusually, reads from top to bottom. Chartres cathedral was built 1194-1250 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. Most of its windows date from 1205-40 although a few earlier 12th century examples are also intact. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC615.jpg
  • Tomb of Jean-Charles Alphand, 1891, by Jules Coutan (centre), Tomb of Anatole de La Forge, 1893, by Louis-Ernest Barrias (background left), sculptural bust and life-sized allegorical figure for the tomb of Charles Floquet, 1896, by Jules Dalou (distance left), Pere Lachaise Cemetery (Cimetiere du Pere-Lachaise) Paris, France, opened 1804, designed by Alexandre-Theodore Brongniart. Named after Pere Francois de la Chaise (1624-1709), confessor to Louis XIV (1638-1713), who lived in the Jesuit house on the site of the chapel. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_PARIS_11_MC128.jpg
  • Tomb of Anatole de La Forge, 1893, by Louis-Ernest Barrias (right), sculptural bust and life-sized allegorical figure for the tomb of Charles Floquet, 1896, by Jules Dalou (left), Pere Lachaise Cemetery (Cimetiere du Pere-Lachaise) Paris, France, opened 1804, designed by Alexandre-Theodore Brongniart. Named after Pere Francois de la Chaise (1624-1709), confessor to Louis XIV (1638-1713), who lived in the Jesuit house on the site of the chapel. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_PARIS_11_MC126.jpg
  • Philippe Picard, blacksmith at the Guedelon project since 02/03/2015, wearing medieval costume and holding a hammer and pincers, at the Chateau de Guedelon, a castle built since 1997 using only medieval materials and processes, in Treigny, Yonne, Burgundy, France. The blacksmith works in the forge, and repairs and manufactures all the metalwork needed for the project, including chisels, axes, adzes, gates and hinges. The Guedelon project was begun in 1997 by Michel Guyot, owner of the nearby Chateau de Saint-Fargeau, with architect Jacques Moulin. It is an educational and scientific project with the aim of understanding medieval building techniques and the chateau should be completed in the 2020s. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    19052017_GuedelonPortraits_MC012.jpg
  • Philippe Picard, blacksmith at the Guedelon project since 02/03/2015, wearing medieval costume and holding a hammer and pincers, at the Chateau de Guedelon, a castle built since 1997 using only medieval materials and processes, in Treigny, Yonne, Burgundy, France. The blacksmith works in the forge, and repairs and manufactures all the metalwork needed for the project, including chisels, axes, adzes, gates and hinges. The Guedelon project was begun in 1997 by Michel Guyot, owner of the nearby Chateau de Saint-Fargeau, with architect Jacques Moulin. It is an educational and scientific project with the aim of understanding medieval building techniques and the chateau should be completed in the 2020s. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    19052017_GuedelonPortraits_MC013.jpg
  • Farriery or Marechalerie (right), containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms, Berniers Est (centre), saltworkers' accommodations, and the Pavillon de la Gabelle (left), housing offices and accommodation for the gabelous or salt tax collectors, employed by the Ferme Generale, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1018.jpg
  • Anchor forging, with illustration of the fixing of the first arm, and diagrams of parts of the anchor, plate from the Encyclopaedia of Diderot and Alembert, first edition, published 1751, 35 volumes, in the library of the Maison de l’Outil et de la Pensee Ouvriere, with over 32,000 books, specialising in manual labour, housed in the Hotel de Mauroy, built c. 1560, in Troyes, Aube, Grand Est, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0441.jpg
  • Anchor forging, with illustration of factory and diagrams of the machine for refitting anchors in ports, plate from the Encyclopaedia of Diderot and Alembert, first edition, published 1751, 35 volumes, in the library of the Maison de l’Outil et de la Pensee Ouvriere, with over 32,000 books, specialising in manual labour, housed in the Hotel de Mauroy, built c. 1560, in Troyes, Aube, Grand Est, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0442.jpg
  • Large forges, cleaning of ore, perspective of a rinsing vat, plate from the Encyclopaedia of Diderot and Alembert, first edition, in the library of the Maison de l’Outil et de la Pensee Ouvriere, with over 32,000 books, specialising in manual labour, housed in the Hotel de Mauroy, built c. 1560, in Troyes, Aube, Grand Est, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1473.jpg
  • Doric columns with alternating cubic and cylindrical forms on the portico of the Director's House or Maison du Directeur, in the evening, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. On the right is the Farriery or Marechalerie, containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. It houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1037.jpg
  • Doric columns with alternating cubic and cylindrical forms on the portico of the Director's House or Maison du Directeur, in the evening, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. On the right is the Farriery or Marechalerie, containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. It houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1036.jpg
  • Farriery or Marechalerie (left), containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms, and the Batiment des Gardes (right), the entrance building to the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. Behind the Batiment des Gardes is a monumental portico with Doric columns and an artificial grotto. The building is now a ticket office and hotel. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1030.jpg
  • Farriery or Marechalerie (right), containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms, and Berniers Est (left), saltworkers' accommodations, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1028.jpg
  • Doric columns with alternating cubic and cylindrical forms on the portico of the Director's House or Maison du Directeur, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. On the right is the Farriery or Marechalerie, containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. It houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1021.jpg
  • Farriery or Marechalerie (right), containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms, Berniers Est (centre), saltworkers' accommodations, and the Pavillon de la Gabelle (left), housing offices and accommodation for the gabelous or salt tax collectors, employed by the Ferme Generale, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1019.jpg
  • Doric columns with alternating cubic and cylindrical forms on the portico of the Director's House or Maison du Directeur, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. On the right is the Farriery or Marechalerie, containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. It houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1020.jpg
  • Farriery or Marechalerie (right), containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms, Berniers Est (centre), saltworkers' accommodations, and the Pavillon de la Gabelle (left), housing offices and accommodation for the gabelous or salt tax collectors, employed by the Ferme Generale, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1010.jpg
  • Berniers Est (left), saltworkers' accommodations, and the Farriery or Marechalerie (right), containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. On the left are the Doric columns with alternating cubic and cylindrical forms of the Director's House or Maison du Directeur. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1009.jpg
  • Farriery or Marechalerie, containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. On the left are the Doric columns with alternating cubic and cylindrical forms of the Director's House or Maison du Directeur. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1008.jpg
  • Farriery or Marechalerie (centre), containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms, and Berniers Est (left), saltworkers' accommodations, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. On the right is the corner of the Batiment des Gardes, the entrance to the Saltworks and now a ticket office and hotel. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0977.jpg
  • Farriery or Marechalerie (centre), containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms, and Berniers Est (left), saltworkers' accommodations, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. On the right is the corner of the Batiment des Gardes, the entrance to the Saltworks and now a ticket office and hotel. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0976.jpg
  • Farriery or Marechalerie (right), containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms, and Berniers Est (left), saltworkers' accommodations, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0972.jpg
  • Farriery or Marechalerie (right), containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms, and Berniers Est (left), saltworkers' accommodations, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. On the right is a sculptural detail on the wall of a salt pan spilling brine. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0968.jpg
  • Farriery or Marechalerie (right), containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms, and Berniers Est (left), saltworkers' accommodations, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0963.jpg
  • Pierre Basse, artisan blacksmith, at work hammering iron on an anvil in his workshop in Vanves, Paris, France, in 2017. Pierre Basse was the ironmonger for Diego Giacometti, and makes objects and furniture from wrought iron. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    111217_PierreBasse_MC013.jpg
  • Pierre Basse, artisan blacksmith, at work hammering iron on an anvil in his workshop in Vanves, Paris, France, in 2017. Pierre Basse was the ironmonger for Diego Giacometti, and makes objects and furniture from wrought iron. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    111217_PierreBasse_MC014.jpg
  • Pierre Basse, artisan blacksmith, at work hammering iron on an anvil in his workshop in Vanves, Paris, France, in 2017. Pierre Basse was the ironmonger for Diego Giacometti, and makes objects and furniture from wrought iron. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    111217_PierreBasse_MC012.jpg
  • Pierre Basse, artisan blacksmith, at work hammering iron on an anvil in his workshop in Vanves, Paris, France, in 2017. Pierre Basse was the ironmonger for Diego Giacometti, and makes objects and furniture from wrought iron. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    111217_PierreBasse_MC011.jpg
  • Pierre Basse, artisan blacksmith, at work hammering iron on an anvil in his workshop in Vanves, Paris, France, in 2017. Pierre Basse was the ironmonger for Diego Giacometti, and makes objects and furniture from wrought iron. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    111217_PierreBasse_MC005.jpg
  • Chez le Fondeur, or At the Foundry, oil painting on canvas, 1886, by Jean Francois Raffaelli, 1850-1924, in the Musee des Beaux-Arts de Lyon, a fine arts museum opened 1801 in a former convent on the Place des Terreaux in Lyon, Rhone, France. The painting depicts the founder Eugene Gonon making a mould for a bronze relief by Jules Dalou. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0813.jpg
  • Blast furnace built 1834 by Jean-Baptiste Le Bachelle, at the Parc Metallurgique or Metallurgic Park, an interpretation centre for ancient and contemporary metallurgy, formerly the upper factory at Dommartin-le-Franc, in the Blaise valley, Haute-Marne, Grand Est, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1856.jpg
  • Old blast furnaces, at the Conservatoire des Arts de la Metallurgie, or Conservatory of the Arts of Metallurgy, formerly the lower factory of the foundry at Dommartin-le-Franc, in the Blaise valley, Haute-Marne, Grand Est, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1866.jpg
  • Pierre Basse, artisan blacksmith, and Celia Bertrand, b. 1976, ceramicist, who made a documentary film about Pierre Basse, in his workshop in Vanves, Paris, France, in 2017. Pierre Basse was the ironmonger for Diego Giacometti, and makes objects and furniture from wrought iron. Celia Bertrand creates utilitarian and design objects from porcelain, clay and stone. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    111217_PierreBasse_MC008.jpg
  • Pierre Basse, artisan blacksmith, and Celia Bertrand, b. 1976, ceramicist, who made a documentary film about Pierre Basse, in his workshop in Vanves, Paris, France, in 2017. Pierre Basse was the ironmonger for Diego Giacometti, and makes objects and furniture from wrought iron. Celia Bertrand creates utilitarian and design objects from porcelain, clay and stone. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    111217_PierreBasse_MC006.jpg
  • Pierre Basse, artisan blacksmith, and Celia Bertrand, b. 1976, ceramicist, who made a documentary film about Pierre Basse, in his workshop in Vanves, Paris, France, in 2017. Pierre Basse was the ironmonger for Diego Giacometti, and makes objects and furniture from wrought iron. Celia Bertrand creates utilitarian and design objects from porcelain, clay and stone. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    111217_PierreBasse_MC002.jpg
  • Nicolas Michel, coin maker at the Guedelon project since 14/01/2013, wearing medieval costume and holding a coin mould with pincers, at the Chateau de Guedelon, a castle built since 1997 using only medieval materials and processes, in Treigny, Yonne, Burgundy, France. The Guedelon project was begun in 1997 by Michel Guyot, owner of the nearby Chateau de Saint-Fargeau, with architect Jacques Moulin. It is an educational and scientific project with the aim of understanding medieval building techniques and the chateau should be completed in the 2020s. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    19052017_GuedelonPortraits_MC039.jpg
  • Nicolas Michel, coin maker at the Guedelon project since 14/01/2013, wearing medieval costume and holding a coin stamp and log, at the Chateau de Guedelon, a castle built since 1997 using only medieval materials and processes, in Treigny, Yonne, Burgundy, France. The Guedelon project was begun in 1997 by Michel Guyot, owner of the nearby Chateau de Saint-Fargeau, with architect Jacques Moulin. It is an educational and scientific project with the aim of understanding medieval building techniques and the chateau should be completed in the 2020s. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    19052017_GuedelonPortraits_MC037.jpg
  • Blast furnace built 1834 by Jean-Baptiste Le Bachelle, at the Parc Metallurgique or Metallurgic Park, an interpretation centre for ancient and contemporary metallurgy, formerly the upper factory at Dommartin-le-Franc, in the Blaise valley, Haute-Marne, Grand Est, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1857.jpg
  • St Eligius, patron saint of goldsmiths and metalworkers, and his apprentice at work in their workshop, detail from the Vitrail de la Legende de Saint Eloi, or Window of the Legend of St Eligius, stained glass window, c. 1506, by Nicolas Cordonnier, in the Eglise de la Madeleine, built 13th, 16th and 17th century in Gothic style, in Troyes, Champagne, Aube, Grand Est, France. The church is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0021.jpg
  • Men working in the foundry, which produced bronze cannons and drilling machines (the shipyards became arsenals and arms depots from 1745), photograph, in the Museu Maritim de Barcelona, or Barcelona Maritime Museum, housed in the former medieval royal shipyards and arsenals at Drassanes, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The museum houses exhibits on the maritime history of Catalonia, including many ships and boats built in the shipyards of Barcelona. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_0911.jpg
  • Pierre Basse, artisan blacksmith, and Celia Bertrand, b. 1976, ceramicist, who made a documentary film about Pierre Basse, in his workshop in Vanves, Paris, France, in 2017. Pierre Basse was the ironmonger for Diego Giacometti, and makes objects and furniture from wrought iron. Celia Bertrand creates utilitarian and design objects from porcelain, clay and stone. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    111217_PierreBasse_MC007.jpg
  • Pierre Basse, artisan blacksmith, and Celia Bertrand, b. 1976, ceramicist, who made a documentary film about Pierre Basse, in his workshop in Vanves, Paris, France, in 2017. Pierre Basse was the ironmonger for Diego Giacometti, and makes objects and furniture from wrought iron. Celia Bertrand creates utilitarian and design objects from porcelain, clay and stone. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    111217_PierreBasse_MC004.jpg
  • Pierre Basse, artisan blacksmith, and Celia Bertrand, b. 1976, ceramicist, who made a documentary film about Pierre Basse, in his workshop in Vanves, Paris, France, in 2017. Pierre Basse was the ironmonger for Diego Giacometti, and makes objects and furniture from wrought iron. Celia Bertrand creates utilitarian and design objects from porcelain, clay and stone. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    111217_PierreBasse_MC001.jpg
  • Pierre Basse, artisan blacksmith, and Celia Bertrand, b. 1976, ceramicist, who made a documentary film about Pierre Basse, in his workshop in Vanves, Paris, France, in 2017. Pierre Basse was the ironmonger for Diego Giacometti, and makes objects and furniture from wrought iron. Celia Bertrand creates utilitarian and design objects from porcelain, clay and stone. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    111217_PierreBasse_MC003.jpg
  • Nicolas Michel, coin maker at the Guedelon project since 14/01/2013, wearing medieval costume and holding a coin mould with pincers, at the Chateau de Guedelon, a castle built since 1997 using only medieval materials and processes, in Treigny, Yonne, Burgundy, France. The Guedelon project was begun in 1997 by Michel Guyot, owner of the nearby Chateau de Saint-Fargeau, with architect Jacques Moulin. It is an educational and scientific project with the aim of understanding medieval building techniques and the chateau should be completed in the 2020s. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    19052017_GuedelonPortraits_MC038.jpg
  • An angel overseeing arts and industries on the pediment of the Neues Museum or New Museum, built 1843-55 in neoclassical style by Friedrich August Stuler and reopened 2009, Museum Island, Mitte, Berlin, Germany. The latin motto translates as 'Only the ignorant hate art'. The museum houses the collections of the Egyptian Museum of Berlin and the Ethnological Museum of Berlin. The buildings on Museum Island were listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1999. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_BERLIN_MC0774.jpg
  • Entrance and exit gates to the Palau Guell, a mansion designed in Catalan Modernist style by Antoni Gaudi, 1852-1926, for Eusebi Guell, and built 1886-88, on the Carrer Nou de la Rambla, in the El Raval district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The 2 parabolic arch gates are designed for horse drawn carriages, and are topped by intricate curved forged ironwork. The building is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_SPAIN_MC018.JPG
  • Ironwork on a gate to the Palau Guell, detail, a mansion designed in Catalan Modernist style by Antoni Gaudi, 1852-1926, for Eusebi Guell, and built 1886-88, on the Carrer Nou de la Rambla, in the El Raval district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The 2 parabolic arch gates, entrance and exit, are designed for horse drawn carriages, and are topped by intricate curved forged ironwork. The building is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_SPAIN_MC017.JPG
  • Ore park, with displays of large forged pieces from the foundries of the Haute-Marne, at the Parc Metallurgique or Metallurgic Park, an interpretation centre for ancient and contemporary metallurgy, formerly the upper factory at Dommartin-le-Franc, in the Blaise valley, Haute-Marne, Grand Est, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1858.jpg
  • Entrance gate to the Palau Guell, a mansion designed in Catalan Modernist style by Antoni Gaudi, 1852-1926, for Eusebi Guell, and built 1886-88, on the Carrer Nou de la Rambla, in the El Raval district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The 2 parabolic arch gates, entrance and exit, are designed for horse drawn carriages, and are topped by intricate curved forged ironwork. The building is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_SPAIN_MC016.JPG
  • Ironwork on a gate to the Palau Guell, detail, a mansion designed in Catalan Modernist style by Antoni Gaudi, 1852-1926, for Eusebi Guell, and built 1886-88, on the Carrer Nou de la Rambla, in the El Raval district of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The 2 parabolic arch gates, entrance and exit, are designed for horse drawn carriages, and are topped by intricate curved forged ironwork. The building is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_SPAIN_MC015.JPG
  • View from above of a statue of Cerberus in front of the Galerie d'Anatomie Comparee et de Paleontologie (Gallery of Palaeontology and Comparative Anatomy), built from 1892 to 1898 by Ferdinand Dutert and located in the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, 5th arrondissement, France. Founded in 1626 by Guy de La Brosse, Louis XIII's physician, the Jardin des Plantes, originally known as the Jardin du Roi, opened to the public in 1640. It became the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle in 1793 during the French Revolution. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_JDP_10_MC029.jpg
  • Detail of entrance to the Galerie d'Anatomie Comparee et de Paleontologie (Gallery of Palaeontology and Comparative Anatomy), built from 1892 to 1898 by Ferdinand Dutert and located in the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, 5th arrondissement, France. Founded in 1626 by Guy de La Brosse, Louis XIII's physician, the Jardin des Plantes, originally known as the Jardin du Roi, opened to the public in 1640. It became the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle in 1793 during the French Revolution. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_JDP_10_MC027.jpg
  • Low angle view of the east facade of the Galerie d'Anatomie Comparee et de Pal»ontologie (Gallery of Palaeontology and Comparative Anatomy), built from 1892 to 1898 by Ferdinand Dutert and located in the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, 5th arrondissement, France. Founded in 1626 by Guy de La Brosse, Louis XIII's physician, the Jardin des Plantes, originally known as the Jardin du Roi, opened to the public in 1640. It became the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle in 1793 during the French Revolution. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_JDP_10_MC028.jpg
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