manuel cohen

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  • Model showing the evolution of the West gate of Gergovia, 70 BC - 20 AD, scale 1:100, based on excavations in 2004-08, in the permanent exhibition of the Musee Archeologique de la Bataille de Gergovie, or Archaeological Museum of the Battle of Gergovia, designed by Jean Paul Reuillard, built 2015-19 and opened 19th October 2019, on the Plateau de Gergovie, or Gergovia Plateau, site of the Battle of Gergovia between Vercingetorix, Gaulish Arverni chieftain, and Julius Caesar in 52 BC, which the Gauls won, in the Massif Central, Auvergne, France. The second stage of the gate, 50-1 BC, consisted of a 2m wide dry stone wall supporting a wide walkway, with a gate of 2 thick walls forming a corridor containing the path from the Col des Goules. There was a blacksmiths behind the gate, and the path crossed the oppidum from West to East. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0435.JPG
  • Museum with excavations below, in the Palau Reial Major, built as residence for the counts of Barcelona and kings of Aragon and now the MUHBA Placa del Rei, a history museum covering Roman to medieval periods, in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The palace complex includes the Salo del Tinell, the Palatine Chapel of St Agatha built 1302, the Casa Padellas, the Palau Comtal, the Watchtower of King Marti and the Palau del Lloctinent built 1549. The museum is part of MUHBA or the Museu d'Historia de Barcelona. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_405.jpg
  • The Schliemann Trench in the ruins of the Homeric city of Troy, Hill of Hissarlik, Turkey. <br />
Heinrich Schliemann, a German archaeologist, began excavations at Troy in 1868. At the bottom of the trench he found remains of walls belonging to the Early Troia I period c. 2920BC.  The rows of parallel rough stone walls are the foundations of relatively large, close-set houses of the Early Bronze Age. Troy was a city, both factual and legendary, in northwest Anatolia and was the setting of the Trojan Wars described in Homer's Iliad. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC106.jpg
  • Excavations in a dwelling in Civita Giuliana, a suburb of Pompeii North of the city walls, in the Parco Archeologico di Pompei, or Archaeological Park of Pompeii, Campania, Italy. A new phase of official excavations has been taking place here since 2017 in an attempt to stop looters from digging tunnels and removing artefacts for sale. Pompeii was a Roman city which was buried in ash after the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Credit : Parco Archeologico di Pompei / Manuel Cohen
    LC18_ITALY_MC_132.jpg
  • Excavations and behind, Genoan style bastions, built 1561 AD, at Qal'at al-Bahrain, or Bahrain Fort or Portuguese Fort, built 6th century AD, once the capital of the Dilmun Civilisation, near Manama in Bahrain. The site consists of a tell or artificial mound 12m high containing 7 layers of archaeological remains dating from 2300 BC to the 18th century, topped with a medieval fortress. There is evidence of Kassites, Greeks, Portuguese and Persians, with burial sites, fortifications and residential areas. Qal'at al-Bahrain is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_BAHREIN_MC_074.jpg
  • Scaffolding and excavation site at the House of the Dolphins, a luxurious dwelling in the Regio V suburb of Pompeii, which has revealed many frescoes including several of dolphins, in the Parco Archeologico di Pompei, or Archaeological Park of Pompeii, Campania, Italy. A new phase of official excavations has been taking place here since 2017 in an attempt to stop looters from digging tunnels and removing artefacts for sale. Pompeii was a Roman city which was buried in ash after the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_ITALY_MC_115.jpg
  • Excavations of various civilisations, and behind, the fort, at Qal'at al-Bahrain, or Bahrain Fort or Portuguese Fort, built 6th century AD, once the capital of the Dilmun Civilisation, near Manama in Bahrain. The site consists of a tell or artificial mound 12m high containing 7 layers of archaeological remains dating from 2300 BC to the 18th century, topped with a medieval fortress. There is evidence of Kassites, Greeks, Portuguese and Persians, with burial sites, fortifications and residential areas. Qal'at al-Bahrain is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_BAHREIN_MC_075.jpg
  • Scaffolding and excavation site at the House of the Dolphins, a luxurious dwelling in the Regio V suburb of Pompeii, which has revealed many frescoes including several of dolphins, in the Parco Archeologico di Pompei, or Archaeological Park of Pompeii, Campania, Italy. A new phase of official excavations has been taking place here since 2017 in an attempt to stop looters from digging tunnels and removing artefacts for sale. Pompeii was a Roman city which was buried in ash after the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_ITALY_MC_114.jpg
  • Scaffolding and excavation site at the House of the Dolphins, a luxurious dwelling in the Regio V suburb of Pompeii, which has revealed many frescoes including several of dolphins, in the Parco Archeologico di Pompei, or Archaeological Park of Pompeii, Campania, Italy. A new phase of official excavations has been taking place here since 2017 in an attempt to stop looters from digging tunnels and removing artefacts for sale. Pompeii was a Roman city which was buried in ash after the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_ITALY_MC_113.jpg
  • Excavations of the tell at Qal'at al Bahrain by PV Glob and G Bibby from the Prehistoric Museum of Moesgard, Denmark, 1954-72, photograph, in the Qal'at Al-Bahrain Site Museum, near Manama in Bahrain. From 1977 the research was continued by the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), alongside archaeologist from Bahrain. The museum was opened in 2008, displaying artefacts of the history and archaeology of the Qal'at al-Bahrain, or Bahrain Fort or Portuguese Fort, built 6th century AD, once the capital of the Dilmun Civilisation. Qal'at al-Bahrain is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_BAHREIN_MC_154.jpg
  • Archaeological excavations in the Quartier de la Pature du Couvent, or Pasture of the Monastery area, digging through sediment layers of the 1st century BC, a period of upheaval, destruction and rebuilding, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. Before the Roman conquest of Gaul under Julius Caesar in 52 BC, the Celtic city of Bibracte had over 30,000 inhabitants. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0367.jpg
  • Archaeological excavations in the monumental basilica complex, built late 1st century BC, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The column bases spanned 4 by 8 columns supporting the central roof of a large room with porticoes and courtyards, suggesting a forum. Before the Roman conquest of Gaul under Julius Caesar in 52 BC, the Celtic city of Bibracte had over 30,000 inhabitants. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0369.jpg
  • Archaeological excavations in the Quartier de la Pature du Couvent, or Pasture of the Monastery area, digging through sediment layers of the 1st century BC, a period of upheaval, destruction and rebuilding, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. Before the Roman conquest of Gaul under Julius Caesar in 52 BC, the Celtic city of Bibracte had over 30,000 inhabitants. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0396.jpg
  • Archaeological excavations in the Quartier de la Pature du Couvent, or Pasture of the Monastery area, digging through sediment layers of the 1st century BC, a period of upheaval, destruction and rebuilding, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. Before the Roman conquest of Gaul under Julius Caesar in 52 BC, the Celtic city of Bibracte had over 30,000 inhabitants. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0366.jpg
  • Female adult skeleton and pottery burial offerings in a clay bathtub sarcophagus, late Dilmun period, excavated under the floor of a house by the Danish Expedition in 1957, photograph, in the Qal'at Al-Bahrain Site Museum, near Manama in Bahrain. The museum was opened in 2008, displaying artefacts of the history and archaeology of the Qal'at al-Bahrain, or Bahrain Fort or Portuguese Fort, built 6th century AD, once the capital of the Dilmun Civilisation. Qal'at al-Bahrain is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_BAHREIN_MC_163.jpg
  • Lattara, aerial view, an ancient Etruscan settlement founded 6th century BC, rediscovered in 1963, now the Musee Archeologique Henri Prades, at Lattes, near Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. The site was first settled in neolithic times but thrived in Etruscan times as a port settlement, beside lagoons on the Lez delta, and grew again in Roman times from 2nd century BC. The visible ruins date to the Iron Age (4th - 2nd century BC). The site is a protected archaeological reserve, with an archaeological museum, research centre and excavation depot, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC21_FRANCE_MC_1265.jpg
  • Figure in a medallion from the Roman mosaic of the Four Seasons, in the dining room of the House of Dionysos, 3rd century AD, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC129.jpg
  • Bacchus, from the Roman mosaic of the god Bacchus encountering the sleeping Ariadne from the House of the Knight, 1st century AD, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC139.jpg
  • Roman mosaic of Diana and her nymph surprised by Actaeon while bathing, 3rd century AD, from the House of the Procession of Venus, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC173.jpg
  • View across the ruins of Volubilis with a cypress tree and the arches of the portico silhouetted against the sky, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC172.jpg
  • Lattara, aerial view, an ancient Etruscan settlement founded 6th century BC, rediscovered in 1963, now the Musee Archeologique Henri Prades, at Lattes, near Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. The site was first settled in neolithic times but thrived in Etruscan times as a port settlement, beside lagoons on the Lez delta, and grew again in Roman times from 2nd century BC. The visible ruins date to the Iron Age (4th - 2nd century BC). The site is a protected archaeological reserve, with an archaeological museum, research centre and excavation depot, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC21_FRANCE_MC_1264.jpg
  • Lattara, aerial view, an ancient Etruscan settlement founded 6th century BC, rediscovered in 1963, now the Musee Archeologique Henri Prades, at Lattes, near Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. The site was first settled in neolithic times but thrived in Etruscan times as a port settlement, beside lagoons on the Lez delta, and grew again in Roman times from 2nd century BC. The visible ruins date to the Iron Age (4th - 2nd century BC). The site is a protected archaeological reserve, with an archaeological museum, research centre and excavation depot, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC21_FRANCE_MC_1267.jpg
  • Lattara, aerial view, an ancient Etruscan settlement founded 6th century BC, rediscovered in 1963, now the Musee Archeologique Henri Prades, at Lattes, near Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. The site was first settled in neolithic times but thrived in Etruscan times as a port settlement, beside lagoons on the Lez delta, and grew again in Roman times from 2nd century BC. The visible ruins date to the Iron Age (4th - 2nd century BC). The site is a protected archaeological reserve, with an archaeological museum, research centre and excavation depot, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC21_FRANCE_MC_1270.jpg
  • Lattara, aerial view, an ancient Etruscan settlement founded 6th century BC, rediscovered in 1963, now the Musee Archeologique Henri Prades, at Lattes, near Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. The site was first settled in neolithic times but thrived in Etruscan times as a port settlement, beside lagoons on the Lez delta, and grew again in Roman times from 2nd century BC. The visible ruins date to the Iron Age (4th - 2nd century BC). The site is a protected archaeological reserve, with an archaeological museum, research centre and excavation depot, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC21_FRANCE_MC_1273.jpg
  • Lattara, aerial view, an ancient Etruscan settlement founded 6th century BC, rediscovered in 1963, now the Musee Archeologique Henri Prades, at Lattes, near Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. The site was first settled in neolithic times but thrived in Etruscan times as a port settlement, beside lagoons on the Lez delta, and grew again in Roman times from 2nd century BC. The visible ruins date to the Iron Age (4th - 2nd century BC). The site is a protected archaeological reserve, with an archaeological museum, research centre and excavation depot, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC21_FRANCE_MC_1274.jpg
  • Lattara, aerial view, an ancient Etruscan settlement founded 6th century BC, rediscovered in 1963, now the Musee Archeologique Henri Prades, at Lattes, near Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. The site was first settled in neolithic times but thrived in Etruscan times as a port settlement, beside lagoons on the Lez delta, and grew again in Roman times from 2nd century BC. The visible ruins date to the Iron Age (4th - 2nd century BC). The site is a protected archaeological reserve, with an archaeological museum, research centre and excavation depot, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC21_FRANCE_MC_1275.jpg
  • Lattara, aerial view, an ancient Etruscan settlement founded 6th century BC, rediscovered in 1963, now the Musee Archeologique Henri Prades, at Lattes, near Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. The site was first settled in neolithic times but thrived in Etruscan times as a port settlement, beside lagoons on the Lez delta, and grew again in Roman times from 2nd century BC. The visible ruins date to the Iron Age (4th - 2nd century BC). The site is a protected archaeological reserve, with an archaeological museum, research centre and excavation depot, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC21_FRANCE_MC_1276.jpg
  • Lattara, aerial view, an ancient Etruscan settlement founded 6th century BC, rediscovered in 1963, now the Musee Archeologique Henri Prades, at Lattes, near Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. The site was first settled in neolithic times but thrived in Etruscan times as a port settlement, beside lagoons on the Lez delta, and grew again in Roman times from 2nd century BC. The visible ruins date to the Iron Age (4th - 2nd century BC). The site is a protected archaeological reserve, with an archaeological museum, research centre and excavation depot, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC21_FRANCE_MC_1278.jpg
  • Lattara, aerial view, an ancient Etruscan settlement founded 6th century BC, rediscovered in 1963, now the Musee Archeologique Henri Prades, at Lattes, near Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. The site was first settled in neolithic times but thrived in Etruscan times as a port settlement, beside lagoons on the Lez delta, and grew again in Roman times from 2nd century BC. The visible ruins date to the Iron Age (4th - 2nd century BC). The site is a protected archaeological reserve, with an archaeological museum, research centre and excavation depot, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC21_FRANCE_MC_1279.jpg
  • Lattara, an ancient Etruscan settlement founded 6th century BC, rediscovered in 1963, now the Musee Archeologique Henri Prades, at Lattes, near Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. The site was first settled in neolithic times but thrived in Etruscan times as a port settlement, beside lagoons on the Lez delta, and grew again in Roman times from 2nd century BC. The visible ruins date to the Iron Age (4th - 2nd century BC). The site is a protected archaeological reserve, with an archaeological museum, research centre and excavation depot, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1240.jpg
  • Lattara, an ancient Etruscan settlement founded 6th century BC, rediscovered in 1963, now the Musee Archeologique Henri Prades, at Lattes, near Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. The site was first settled in neolithic times but thrived in Etruscan times as a port settlement, beside lagoons on the Lez delta, and grew again in Roman times from 2nd century BC. The visible ruins date to the Iron Age (4th - 2nd century BC). The site is a protected archaeological reserve, with an archaeological museum, research centre and excavation depot, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1255.jpg
  • Lattara, an ancient Etruscan settlement founded 6th century BC, rediscovered in 1963, now the Musee Archeologique Henri Prades, at Lattes, near Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. The site was first settled in neolithic times but thrived in Etruscan times as a port settlement, beside lagoons on the Lez delta, and grew again in Roman times from 2nd century BC. The visible ruins date to the Iron Age (4th - 2nd century BC). The site is a protected archaeological reserve, with an archaeological museum, research centre and excavation depot, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1259.jpg
  • Lattara, an ancient Etruscan settlement founded 6th century BC, rediscovered in 1963, now the Musee Archeologique Henri Prades, at Lattes, near Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. The site was first settled in neolithic times but thrived in Etruscan times as a port settlement, beside lagoons on the Lez delta, and grew again in Roman times from 2nd century BC. The visible ruins date to the Iron Age (4th - 2nd century BC). The site is a protected archaeological reserve, with an archaeological museum, research centre and excavation depot, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1260.jpg
  • Lattara, an ancient Etruscan settlement founded 6th century BC, rediscovered in 1963, now the Musee Archeologique Henri Prades, at Lattes, near Montpellier, Languedoc-Roussillon, France. The site was first settled in neolithic times but thrived in Etruscan times as a port settlement, beside lagoons on the Lez delta, and grew again in Roman times from 2nd century BC. The visible ruins date to the Iron Age (4th - 2nd century BC). The site is a protected archaeological reserve, with an archaeological museum, research centre and excavation depot, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1262.jpg
  • Reconstructed vase decorated with deer, c. 140-110 BC, excavated by Vermeulen in 2001 at the Brezet site, copy, in the permanent exhibition of the Musee Archeologique de la Bataille de Gergovie, or Archaeological Museum of the Battle of Gergovia, designed by Jean Paul Reuillard, built 2015-19 and opened 19th October 2019, on the Plateau de Gergovie, or Gergovia Plateau, site of the Battle of Gergovia between Vercingetorix, Gaulish Arverni chieftain, and Julius Caesar in 52 BC, which the Gauls won, in the Massif Central, Auvergne, France. This is the largest animal decorated vase found in Auvergne, and is thought to be used in a wedding procession, with deer displaying their antlers and competing for control of the herd. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0439.jpg
  • Amphora wine jug stopper, Italian style, 90-10 BC, excavated by Leguet Tourlonias in 1984-85 at the Chemin de la Croix on the Plateau de Gergovie, in the permanent exhibition of the Musee Archeologique de la Bataille de Gergovie, or Archaeological Museum of the Battle of Gergovia, designed by Jean Paul Reuillard, built 2015-19 and opened 19th October 2019, on the Plateau de Gergovie, or Gergovia Plateau, site of the Battle of Gergovia between Vercingetorix, Gaulish Arverni chieftain, and Julius Caesar in 52 BC, which the Gauls won, in the Massif Central, Auvergne, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0420.jpg
  • Potter's scroll wheel in iron and bone, c. 70 - 50 BC, excavated by Cabezuelo in 2004, copy of the original in the Musee Bargoin Clermont Auvergne Metropole, in the permanent exhibition of the Musee Archeologique de la Bataille de Gergovie, or Archaeological Museum of the Battle of Gergovia, designed by Jean Paul Reuillard, built 2015-19 and opened 19th October 2019, on the Plateau de Gergovie, or Gergovia Plateau, site of the Battle of Gergovia between Vercingetorix, Gaulish Arverni chieftain, and Julius Caesar in 52 BC, which the Gauls won, in the Massif Central, Auvergne, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0464.jpg
  • Exhibitions in the Celtic World display in the Musee Archeologique de la Bataille de Gergovie, or Archaeological Museum of the Battle of Gergovia, designed by Jean Paul Reuillard, built 2015-19 and opened 19th October 2019, on the Plateau de Gergovie, or Gergovia Plateau, site of the Battle of Gergovia between Vercingetorix, Gaulish Arverni chieftain, and Julius Caesar in 52 BC, which the Gauls won, in the Massif Central, Auvergne, France. Gallic settlement in Gergovia was at its height in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC. In the centre is a millstone, 2nd century BC, excavated 1986 from a pasture site at Clermont-Ferrand, on loan from the Service Regional de l’Archeologie. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0460.JPG
  • Diagram of the 'Gondole Knights' burial ground, with horse skeletons, excavated in 2002 by Cabezuelo, in the permanent exhibition of the Musee Archeologique de la Bataille de Gergovie, or Archaeological Museum of the Battle of Gergovia, designed by Jean Paul Reuillard, built 2015-19 and opened 19th October 2019, on the Plateau de Gergovie, or Gergovia Plateau, site of the Battle of Gergovia between Vercingetorix, Gaulish Arverni chieftain, and Julius Caesar in 52 BC, which the Gauls won, in the Massif Central, Auvergne, France. This large necropolis was found off the road between Gergovie and Gondole, and many humans and animals were found buried in what are thought to be ritual burial grounds. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0448.jpg
  • Model of a suburb of Gondole, 2nd century BC, scale 1:125, with a house just outside the settlement's fortifications with several outbuildings and wells, in the permanent exhibition of the Musee Archeologique de la Bataille de Gergovie, or Archaeological Museum of the Battle of Gergovia, designed by Jean Paul Reuillard, built 2015-19 and opened 19th October 2019, on the Plateau de Gergovie, or Gergovia Plateau, site of the Battle of Gergovia between Vercingetorix, Gaulish Arverni chieftain, and Julius Caesar in 52 BC, which the Gauls won, in the Massif Central, Auvergne, France. On the wall behind is a diagram of the 'Gondole Knights' burial ground, with horse skeletons, excavated in 2002 by Cabezuelo. This large necropolis was found off the road between Gergovie and Gondole, and many humans and animals were found buried in what are thought to be ritual burial grounds. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0444.jpg
  • Castellet de Banyoles, aerial view, an Iberian settlement occupied 6th - 3rd centuries BC, at Tivissa, Catalonia, Spain. The strategic location on the Ebro river takes advantage of Greek and Phoenician trade routes to the Mediterranean Sea. 2 pentagonal defensive towers remain and many houses have been excavated and there was once a sanctuary or temple on the site. Silverware and jewellery have also been excavated, known as the Treasure of Tivissa, which is housed in the Museu d’Arqueologia de Catalunya. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC18_SPAIN_MC_032.JPG
  • Castellet de Banyoles, aerial view, an Iberian settlement occupied 6th - 3rd centuries BC, at Tivissa, Catalonia, Spain. The strategic location on the Ebro river takes advantage of Greek and Phoenician trade routes to the Mediterranean Sea. 2 pentagonal defensive towers remain and many houses have been excavated and there was once a sanctuary or temple on the site. Silverware and jewellery have also been excavated, known as the Treasure of Tivissa, which is housed in the Museu d’Arqueologia de Catalunya. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC18_SPAIN_MC_029.JPG
  • Funerary inscription in Greek on a limestone plaque, 3rd century AD, with epitaph of a father of the synagogue and leader of the Jewish community named Caecilianos, who died aged 45 years, 8 months, 3 days, from Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC333.jpg
  • Roman Corinthian capital in limestone, from Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC335.jpg
  • Large Roman Corinthian capital in limestone, the only one from the site with 3 layers of acanthus leaves, from Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC338.jpg
  • Hebrew inscription on a limestone fragment, date unknown, from Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC339.jpg
  • Roman altar in alabaster with dedication inscription made by Lucius Caecilius Vitalis to the goddess Venus, found near the Capitoline Temple in Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC341.jpg
  • Roman mosaic of the Four Seasons, in the dining room of the House of Dionysos, 3rd century AD, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC118.jpg
  • Roman mosaic of 2 dogs attacking a bull, 3rd century AD, from the House of the Wild Animals, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC119.jpg
  • Figure leaning on a pillar, from the Roman mosaic of the Four Seasons, in the dining room of the House of Dionysos, 3rd century AD, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC123.jpg
  • Winter, medallion from the Roman mosaic of the Four Seasons, in the dining room of the House of Dionysos, 3rd century AD, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC126.jpg
  • Summer, medallion from the Roman mosaic of the Four Seasons, in the dining room of the House of Dionysos, 3rd century AD, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC128.jpg
  • Roman mosaic of Hercules capturing and returning his pet Cerberus, a three-headed dog with a snake tail, his twelfth labour, from the Labours of Hercules mosaic in the House of the Labours of Hercules, 1st century AD, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC132.jpg
  • Roman mosaic of Amphitryon's chariot, detail from below Orpheus surrounded by animals, from the House of Orpheus, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC142.jpg
  • The Triumphal Arch of Caracalla at sunset, built 217 AD by the city's governor Marcus Aurelius Sebastenus at the end of the Decumanus Maximus in honour of Emperor Caracalla, 188-217 AD, and his mother Julia Domna, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. The arch was reconstructed 1930-34 and was originally topped with a bronze chariot pulled by 6 horses. The medallion busts are portraits of Caracalla and Julia Domna. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC144.jpg
  • Roman carving of Aulisua, the African and Mauretanian god of fertility, with inscription, 1st - 3rd century AD, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC145.jpg
  • The House of the Procession of Venus, 1st - 2nd century AD, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. The house comprised an entrance vestibule, a bath complex, a colonnaded peristyle, 2 grand reception rooms, a secondary peristyle with fountain and several small reception rooms and bedrooms. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC152.jpg
  • Roman mosaic of the Abduction of Hylas by the nymphs, 3rd century AD, from the House of the Procession of Venus, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC155.jpg
  • Roman mosaic of a dolphin and fish, from the House of Orpheus, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC157.jpg
  • Roman mosaic of a nereide or sea nymph, being pulled along by a seahorse, from the House of the Nereides, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC158.jpg
  • Stone carving of Roman goddess Africa, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC160.jpg
  • Rear view of the Triumphal Arch of Caracalla, built 217 AD by the city's governor Marcus Aurelius Sebastenus at the end of the Decumanus Maximus in honour of Emperor Caracalla, 188-217 AD, and his mother Julia Domna, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. The arch was reconstructed 1930-34 and was originally topped with a bronze chariot pulled by 6 horses. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC163.jpg
  • Roman mosaic of a tiger carrying an antelope head, 3rd century AD, from the House of the Wild Animals, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC169.jpg
  • Roman stone oil press with a striated conical trunk for making olive oil and Doric columns along the Decumanus Maximus in the distance, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC171.jpg
  • Nymph, from the Roman mosaic of Diana and her nymph surprised by Actaeon while bathing, 3rd century AD, from the House of the Procession of Venus, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC176.jpg
  • View of the Decumanus Maximus or Main Street with Portico on the left, Ionic columns of the Forum on the right and the Tingis Gate, 169 AD, in the distance to the far right, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC178.jpg
  • The Triumphal Arch of Caracalla, built 217 AD by the city's governor Marcus Aurelius Sebastenus at the end of the Decumanus Maximus in honour of Emperor Caracalla, 188-217 AD, and his mother Julia Domna, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. The arch was reconstructed 1930-34 and was originally topped with a bronze chariot pulled by 6 horses. The medallion busts are portraits of Caracalla and Julia Domna. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC179.jpg
  • The colonnaded facade which lined the Forum or marketplace and forms one side of the Roman Basilica, 217 AD, used as courts of justice and city governance, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC109.jpg
  • The House of the Dog (foreground) with its Corinthian capitals, where a bronze canine statue was found, and the Triumphal Arch of Caracalla, built 217 AD by the city's governor Marcus Aurelius Sebastenus in honour of Emperor Caracalla, 188-217 AD, and his mother Julia Domna, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC110.jpg
  • View of Volubilis, on a fertile plain in Northern Morocco, with wildflowers in bloom, with the columns of the Forum along the Decumanus Maximus and the Triumphal Arch of Caracalla, 217 AD, on the right and the Basilica, 217 AD, in the distance. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC113.jpg
  • The colonnaded facade which lined the Forum or marketplace and forms one side of the Roman Basilica, 217 AD, used as courts of justice and city governance, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC098.jpg
  • The Decumanus Maximus or Main Street, with the Ionic columns of the Forum or marketplace and in the distance the Triumphal Arch of Caracalla, built 217 AD by the city's governor Marcus Aurelius Sebastenus in honour of Emperor Caracalla, 188-217 AD, and his mother Julia Domna, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC100.jpg
  • The Tingis Gate, built 169 AD, forming the North East entrance to the city at the Tangiers Gate at the end of the Decumanus Maximus, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC101.jpg
  • The House of the Nereides, named after a mosaic of sea nymphs, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC105.jpg
  • Sundial in the Forum or marketplace of Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC108.jpg
  • Column with Corinthian capital in the atrium of the House of the Dog, where a bronze canine statue was found, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC087.jpg
  • The Decumanus Maximus or Main Street, with the Portico of a large house West of the Palace of Gordian, with arches forming the facade of shops, North East quarter, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. The house is built around a small peristyle courtyard with a central pool and shops on both facades, with a secondary apartment with heated rooms to the North East. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC091.jpg
  • Portico of a large house West of the Palace of Gordian on the Decumanus Maximus, with arches forming the facade of shops, North East quarter, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. The house is built around a small peristyle courtyard with a central pool and shops on both facades, with a secondary apartment with heated rooms to the North East. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC092.jpg
  • The Decumanus Maximus or Main Street, with the Ionic columns of the Forum or marketplace and stone slabs covering the sewers, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC096.jpg
  • Atrium of the House of the Dog, where a bronze canine statue was found, and the Triumphal Arch of Caracalla behind, built 217 AD by the city's governor Marcus Aurelius Sebastenus in honour of Emperor Caracalla, 188-217 AD, and his mother Julia Domna, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. This house is based around a peristyle courtyard with central pool, around which are the living and sleeping rooms. Here we see its carved Corinthian capitals. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC083.jpg
  • The colonnaded facade which lined the Forum or marketplace and forms one side of the Roman Basilica, 217 AD, used as courts of justice and city governance, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC078.jpg
  • The colonnaded facade which lined the Forum or marketplace and forms one side of the Roman Basilica, 217 AD, used as courts of justice and city governance, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC079.jpg
  • The House of the Dog (foreground) where a bronze canine statue was found, and the Triumphal Arch of Caracalla, built 217 AD by the city's governor Marcus Aurelius Sebastenus in honour of Emperor Caracalla, 188-217 AD, and his mother Julia Domna, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC080.jpg
  • Central courtyard of the House of the Columns, with different style columns around its central pool, including a spiral column with a Corinthian capital, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC071.jpg
  • Atrium of the House of the Labours of Hercules, 2nd century AD, named for a mosaic of Hercules' 12 trials. The house is palatial with 41 rooms covering 2000 sq m, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC074.jpg
  • Ruined sculpted stone blocks with the House of Ephebe behind, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC068.jpg
  • Main entrance of the House of the Columns, with Corinthian columns flanking the entrance, and the smaller entrance for staff on the right, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC069.jpg
  • The House of Orpheus, with floor mosaics of Aphrodite bathing surrounded by animals (left) and sea creatures (right) in the bathing room, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC061.jpg
  • The Decumanus Maximus or Main Street, with the arches of the Portico lining the shop facades, and wildflowers in bloom, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC064.jpg
  • Sculpted stone phallus from the House of the Dog, thought to indicate the direction of the brothel, and also a symbol of fertility, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC065.jpg
  • Atrium of the House of Ephebe, with entrances to public rooms off the main inner courtyard, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC067.jpg
  • Ruins of an oil producing house in the South East quarter of the city, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC060.jpg
  • The Baths of Gallienus, the House of the Oil Press and the Basilica, 217 AD, in the distance, at Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC058.jpg
  • The Roman Basilica, 217 AD, used as courts of justice and city governance, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Storks sit on a nest atop one of the columns. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC043.jpg
  • General view of Volubilis on a fertile plain in Northern Morocco, with the Triumphal Arch of Caracalla, 217 AD, on the right and the Portico leading to shops on the main street or Decumanus Maximus on the left. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC051.jpg
  • General view of Volubilis on a fertile plain in Northern Morocco, with the Triumphal Arch of Caracalla, 217 AD, on the left and the Portico leading to shops on the main street or Decumanus Maximus on the right. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC053.jpg
  • Corinthian colonnade along the Capitoline Temple (right), built 218 AD on an existing shrine, with the Roman Basilica, 217 AD, used for courts of justice and city governance, in the distance, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC038.jpg
  • Ruined pillars of the Forum or marketplace in the foreground, and the columns of the tetrastyle Capitoline Temple in the background, built 218 AD on top of an existing shrine, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC040.jpg
  • Part of the Roman Basilica, 217 AD, used as courts of justice and city governance, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC046.jpg
  • The colonnaded facade which lined the Forum or marketplace and forms one side of the Roman Basilica, 217 AD, used as courts of justice and city governance, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC047.jpg
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