manuel cohen

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  • The Four Columns (Les Quatre Columnes?), Barcelona, Spain. Palau Nacional, 1929, home of the MNAC (Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya) in the background. The four ionic columns are replicas of the original ones created by Josep Puig i Cadafalch in 1919,  and demolished in 1928 during Primo de Rivera's dictatorship. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN12_MC078.jpg
  • The House of the Columns, with columns of different styles around its central courtyard, including a spiral column with Corinthian capital, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC014.jpg
  • The House of the Columns, with columns of different styles around its central courtyard, including a spiral column with Corinthian capital (on the right), Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC005.jpg
  • Central courtyard of the House of the Columns, with different style columns around its central pool, including a spiral column with a Corinthian capital, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC071.jpg
  • Relaxation area of the House of the Columns, with columns and Corinthian capitals, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC090.jpg
  • Main entrance of the House of the Columns, with Corinthian columns flanking the entrance, and the smaller entrance for staff on the right, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC069.jpg
  • Forest of Columns, supporting catenary arches, in the Colegio Teresiano, or Colegio de las Teresianas, a school and convent commissioned by San Erique de Osso, designed in neo-Gothic Modernist style by Antoni Gaudi, 1852-1926, and built 1888-90, on Calle Ganduxer in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The building is constructed in brick, with multiple gables on the roofline and a parabolic arched entrance portico. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_SPAIN_MC_0726.jpg
  • Forest of Columns, supporting catenary arches, in the Colegio Teresiano, or Colegio de las Teresianas, a school and convent commissioned by San Erique de Osso, designed in neo-Gothic Modernist style by Antoni Gaudi, 1852-1926, and built 1888-90, on Calle Ganduxer in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The building is constructed in brick, with multiple gables on the roofline and a parabolic arched entrance portico. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_SPAIN_MC_0727.jpg
  • Forest of Columns, supporting catenary arches, in the Colegio Teresiano, or Colegio de las Teresianas, a school and convent commissioned by San Erique de Osso, designed in neo-Gothic Modernist style by Antoni Gaudi, 1852-1926, and built 1888-90, on Calle Ganduxer in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The building is constructed in brick, with multiple gables on the roofline and a parabolic arched entrance portico. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_SPAIN_MC_0728.jpg
  • Forest of Columns, supporting catenary arches, in the Colegio Teresiano, or Colegio de las Teresianas, a school and convent commissioned by San Erique de Osso, designed in neo-Gothic Modernist style by Antoni Gaudi, 1852-1926, and built 1888-90, on Calle Ganduxer in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The building is constructed in brick, with multiple gables on the roofline and a parabolic arched entrance portico. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_SPAIN_MC_0725.jpg
  • Forest of Columns, supporting catenary arches, and glazed interior patios to either side, in the Colegio Teresiano, or Colegio de las Teresianas, a school and convent commissioned by San Erique de Osso, designed in neo-Gothic Modernist style by Antoni Gaudi, 1852-1926, and built 1888-90, on Calle Ganduxer in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The building is constructed in brick, with multiple gables on the roofline and a parabolic arched entrance portico. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_SPAIN_MC_0733.jpg
  • The House of the Columns, with pilasters and a spiral column with Corinthian capitals, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC070.jpg
  • Forest of Columns, supporting catenary arches, in the Colegio Teresiano, or Colegio de las Teresianas, a school and convent commissioned by San Erique de Osso, designed in neo-Gothic Modernist style by Antoni Gaudi, 1852-1926, and built 1888-90, on Calle Ganduxer in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The building is constructed in brick, with multiple gables on the roofline and a parabolic arched entrance portico. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    _CC_7174.jpg
  • Forest of Columns, supporting catenary arches, and glazed interior patios to either side, in the Colegio Teresiano, or Colegio de las Teresianas, a school and convent commissioned by San Erique de Osso, designed in neo-Gothic Modernist style by Antoni Gaudi, 1852-1926, and built 1888-90, on Calle Ganduxer in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The building is constructed in brick, with multiple gables on the roofline and a parabolic arched entrance portico. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    _CC_7210.jpg
  • Forest of Columns, supporting catenary arches, in the Colegio Teresiano, or Colegio de las Teresianas, a school and convent commissioned by San Erique de Osso, designed in neo-Gothic Modernist style by Antoni Gaudi, 1852-1926, and built 1888-90, on Calle Ganduxer in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The building is constructed in brick, with multiple gables on the roofline and a parabolic arched entrance portico. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    _CC_7177.jpg
  • Forest of Columns, supporting catenary arches, in the Colegio Teresiano, or Colegio de las Teresianas, a school and convent commissioned by San Erique de Osso, designed in neo-Gothic Modernist style by Antoni Gaudi, 1852-1926, and built 1888-90, on Calle Ganduxer in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The building is constructed in brick, with multiple gables on the roofline and a parabolic arched entrance portico. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    _CC_7179.jpg
  • Forest of Columns, supporting catenary arches, in the Colegio Teresiano, or Colegio de las Teresianas, a school and convent commissioned by San Erique de Osso, designed in neo-Gothic Modernist style by Antoni Gaudi, 1852-1926, and built 1888-90, on Calle Ganduxer in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The building is constructed in brick, with multiple gables on the roofline and a parabolic arched entrance portico. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    _CC_7185.jpg
  • Staircase and brick columns resembling trees, reflecting the wooded setting of the church, inside the Crypta Guell, built 1898-1915, an unfinished church by Catalan Modernist architect Antoni Gaudi, 1852-1926, in the Colonia Guell, a workers' colony set up by Eusebi Guell in Santa Coloma de Cervello, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The church is an organic hyperbolic paraboloid shape, with leaning pillars of basalt and brick and catenary arches supporting the structure and brick ribs vaults supporting the ceiling. The colony was begun in 1890 on Guell's estate Can Soler de la Torre, with a hospital, boardinghouse, schools, shops, theatres, chapel, factories and workers' housing. Gaudi was in charge of the project, collaborating with Francesc Berenguer, Joan Rubio and Josep Canaleta. Gaudi's crypt is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_SPAIN_MC431.jpg
  • Rear section of the House of the Columns, with the Triumphal Arch of Caracalla and Basilica in the distance, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC089.jpg
  • Silhouettes of the 4 Corinthian columns of the Nymphaeum Temple at sunset, 2nd century AD, Bosra, Syria. Ionic columns of the Roman baths in the background
    LCSYRIA05057.jpg
  • Sala de Contratacion or Hall of the Columns, with vaulted ceiling and spiral columns, built 1483–98 by Pere Compte, where finances and contracts were agreed, at the La Lonja de la Seda or the Silk Exchange, built 1482-1533 by Pere Compte, Johan Yvarra, Johan Corbera and Domingo Urtiaga in late Gothic style, in Valencia, Spain. The Silk Exchange consists of the Sala de Contratacion or Contract Hall, the Pavilion of the Consulate where Tribunal del Mar was held, the prison and the Orange Garden. The building is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_SPAIN_MC_0067.jpg
  • Sala de Contratacion or Hall of the Columns, with vaulted ceiling and spiral columns, built 1483–98 by Pere Compte, where finances and contracts were agreed, at the La Lonja de la Seda or the Silk Exchange, built 1482-1533 by Pere Compte, Johan Yvarra, Johan Corbera and Domingo Urtiaga in late Gothic style, in Valencia, Spain. The Silk Exchange consists of the Sala de Contratacion or Contract Hall, the Pavilion of the Consulate where Tribunal del Mar was held, the prison and the Orange Garden. The building is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_SPAIN_MC_0071.JPG
  • Oblique view of a row of columns from the Temple of Saturn, built around 200 A.D., with the landscape in the background, in Dougga, Tunisia, pictured on January 31, 2008, in the morning. Dougga has been occupied since the 2nd Millennium BC, well before the Phoenicians arrived in Tunisia. It was ruled by Carthage from the 4th century BC, then by Numidians, who called it Thugga and finally taken over by the Romans in the 2nd century. Situated in the north of Tunisia, the site became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. This temple was previously the site of the Punic Temple of Baal. The entrance had four Corinthian columns which remains are still visible. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCTunisia_08_MC_115.jpg
  • Low angle view of a row of columns from the Temple of Saturn, built around 200 A.D., in Dougga, Tunisia, pictured on January 31, 2008, in the morning. Dougga has been occupied since the 2nd Millennium BC, well before the Phoenicians arrived in Tunisia. It was ruled by Carthage from the 4th century BC, then by Numidians, who called it Thugga and finally taken over by the Romans in the 2nd century. Situated in the north of Tunisia, the site became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. This temple was previously the site of the Punic Temple of Baal. The entrance had four Corinthian columns which remains are still visible. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCTunisia_08_MC_113.jpg
  • Low angle view of a row of columns from the Temple of Saturn, built around 200 A.D. Dougga, Tunisia, pictured on January 31, 2008, in the morning. Dougga has been occupied since the 2nd Millennium BC, well before the Phoenicians arrived in Tunisia. It was ruled by Carthage from the 4th century BC, then by Numidians, who called it Thugga and finally taken over by the Romans in the 2nd century. Situated in the north of Tunisia, the site became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. This temple was previously the site of the Punic Temple of Baal. The entrance had four Corinthian columns which remains are still visible. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCTunisia_08_MC_112.jpg
  • General view of the Roman Capitol with columns in the foreground, 2nd century, in Dougga, Tunisia, pictured on January 31, 2008, in the morning. Dougga has been occupied since the 2nd Millennium BC, well before the Phoenicians arrived in Tunisia. It was ruled by Carthage from the 4th century BC, then by Numidians, who called it Thugga and finally taken over by the Romans in the 2nd century. Situated in the north of Tunisia, the site became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. This is one of the best preserved Roman temples in North Africa with a portico of six Corinthian columns. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCTunisia_08_MC_089.jpg
  • General view of a row of columns from the Temple of Saturn, built around 200 A.D, in Dougga, Tunisia, pictured on January 31, 2008, in the morning. Dougga has been occupied since the 2nd Millennium BC, well before the Phoenicians arrived in Tunisia. It was ruled by Carthage from the 4th century BC, then by Numidians, who called it Thugga and finally taken over by the Romans in the 2nd century. Situated in the north of Tunisia, the site became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. This temple was previously the site of the Punic Temple of Baal. The entrance had four Corinthian columns which remains are still visible. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCTunisia_08_MC_114.jpg
  • Low angle view of the columns of the Heraion on September 18, 2008, Delos, Greece. The temple of Hera was built c.500 BC on the site of an earlier temple c. 8th century BC. Three columns still stand  against a background of sea, hills and sky on a sunny late summer afternoon. In the foreground the remains of other columns are laid out on the ground. Photo by Manuel Cohen
    LCGREECE08_10_179.JPG
  • The Trading Hall or Hall of the Columns at La Lonja de la Seda or the Silk Exchange, Valencia, Spain. The hall, with its vaulted ceiling and spiral columns, shows the might of Valencia as a trading city in the 15th and 16th centuries. Built 1482-1533 by Pere Compte, Johan Yvarra, Johan Corbera and Domingo Urtiaga, the Silk Exchange is a masterpiece of late Gothic architecture. It was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN14_MC019.jpg
  • Hall of the twelve columns, Saadian tombs, Medina, Marrakech, Morocco. The tombs, near the Kasbah mosque, date from the reign of Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur, 1578-1603, and contain the mausoleums of members of the Saadi dynasty. The hall of the twelve columns contains the tomb of the Sultan's son Ahmad al-Mansur and contains a stele carved from cedar wood and worked with stucco. The monuments are of Italian Carrara marble and the walls are covered in glazed tiles and carved Koranic verses. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCMOROCCO_12_MC157.jpg
  • The Trading Hall or Hall of the Columns at La Lonja de la Seda or the Silk Exchange, Valencia, Spain. The hall, with its vaulted ceiling and spiral columns, shows the might of Valencia as a trading city in the 15th and 16th centuries. Built 1482-1533 by Pere Compte, Johan Yvarra, Johan Corbera and Domingo Urtiaga, the Silk Exchange is a masterpiece of late Gothic architecture. It was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN14_MC012.jpg
  • Hall of the twelve columns, Saadian tombs, Medina, Marrakech, Morocco. The tombs, near the Kasbah mosque, date from the reign of Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur, 1578-1603, and contain the mausoleums of members of the Saadi dynasty. The hall of the twelve columns contains the tomb of the Sultan's son Ahmad al-Mansur and contains a stele carved from cedar wood and worked with stucco. The monuments are of Italian Carrara marble and the walls are covered in glazed tiles and carved Koranic verses. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCMOROCCO_12_MC155.jpg
  • The Trading Hall or Hall of the Columns at La Lonja de la Seda or the Silk Exchange, Valencia, Spain. The hall, with its vaulted ceiling and spiral columns, shows the might of Valencia as a trading city in the 15th and 16th centuries. Built 1482-1533 by Pere Compte, Johan Yvarra, Johan Corbera and Domingo Urtiaga, the Silk Exchange is a masterpiece of late Gothic architecture. It was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN14_MC010.jpg
  • Hall of the twelve columns, Saadian tombs, Medina, Marrakech, Morocco. The tombs, near the Kasbah mosque, date from the reign of Sultan Ahmad al-Mansur, 1578-1603, and contain the mausoleums of members of the Saadi dynasty. The hall of the twelve columns contains the tomb of the Sultan's son Ahmad al-Mansur and contains a stele carved from cedar wood and worked with stucco. The monuments are of Italian Carrara marble and the walls are covered in glazed tiles and carved Koranic verses. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCMOROCCO_12_MC156.jpg
  • Low angle view of columns, and capitals in the Gymnasium of the Antonine Baths, with the Frigidarium column in the distance, Carthage, Tunisia, pictured on January 28, 2008, in the afternoon. Carthage was founded in 814 BC by the Phoenicians who fought three Punic Wars against the Romans over this immensely important Mediterranean harbour. The Romans finally conquered the city in 146 BC. Subsequently it was conquered by the Vandals and the Byzantine Empire. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage. Founded in the 2nd Century by the Emperor Hadrian and completed by Antoninus Pius, the Antonine Baths were the largest outside the ancient city of Rome. Today, the basement, furnaces and fragments of carved and inscribed masonry remain of the highly complex structure, which included the Caldaria and Frigidarium (hot and cold baths). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCTunisia_08_MC_050.jpg
  • Corinthian columns, Diocletian's Camp, late 3rd century AD - early 4th century AD, Palmyra, Syria. Palmyra, seen through the columns, stands in an Oasis on a major Roman trade route linking East and West.
    LCSYRIA05008.JPG
  • Ionic columns, Old Market, 2nd century AD, Bosra, Syria. View of the ruined peristyle towards the walls of the Roman Baths.
    LCSYRIA05061.jpg
  • General view of old Bosra including (from right to left) : the Nymphaeum Temple, the Romans baths with the minaret of the mosque of Fatima in the distance and 2 of the columns of the old market on the left, Syria
    LCSYRIA05055.jpg
  • Nymphaeum Temple, 2nd century AD, Bosra, Syria. The 4 Corinthian columns, seen from the Roman theatre, each 14m high, 1,20m circumference,  were used to supply water for irrigation as well as drinking water.
    LCSYRIA05056.jpg
  • Nymphaeum Temple, 2nd century AD, Bosra, Syria. The 4 Corinthian columns, seen from the side, each 14m high, 1,20m circumference,  were used to supply water for irrigation as well as drinking water. In the background, on the right of the picture appears the Kalybe.
    LCSYRIA05054.jpg
  • General view of columns in the Palaestra in the Baths of Lucinius, 3rd century, in  Dougga, Tunisia, pictured on January 31, 2008, in the afternoon. Dougga has been occupied since the 2nd Millennium BC, well before the Phoenicians arrived in Tunisia. It was ruled by Carthage from the 4th century BC, then by Numidians, who called it Thugga and finally taken over by the Romans in the 2nd century. Situated in the north of Tunisia, the site became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. The Baths of Licinius or the Winter Baths were constructed in 260 A.D. The bathing complex had marble walls and mosaic floor. It featured all the comforts of a classical Roman bath: a Frigidarium (cold room) in the center, Tepidarium (water bath), Caldarium (hot bath), a Palaestra (gym), lavatory and a Sudatorium (sweat bath). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCTunisia_08_MC_124.jpg
  • Floodlit Temple of Hercules Victor at dusk, 2nd century BC, Forum Boarium, Rome, Italy. Earliest surviving marble building in Rome, the temple is 14.8 m in diameter and consists of a circular cella within a concentric ring of twenty Corinthian columns 10.66 m tall. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCITALY12_MC584.JPG
  • General view of the Roman Capitol, 2nd century, in  Dougga, Tunisia, pictured on January 31, 2008, in the morning. Dougga has been occupied since the 2nd Millennium BC, well before the Phoenicians arrived in Tunisia. It was ruled by Carthage from the 4th century BC, then by Numidians, who called it Thugga and finally taken over by the Romans in the 2nd century. Situated in the north of Tunisia, the site became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. This is one of the best preserved Roman temples in North Africa with a portico of six Corinthian columns. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCTunisia_08_MC_106.jpg
  • Low angle view of the Roman Capitol, 2nd century, in Dougga, Tunisia, pictured on January 31, 2008, in the morning. Dougga has been occupied since the 2nd Millennium BC, well before the Phoenicians arrived in Tunisia. It was ruled by Carthage from the 4th century BC, then by Numidians, who called it Thugga and finally taken over by the Romans in the 2nd century. Situated in the north of Tunisia, the site became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. This is one of the best preserved Roman temples in North Africa with a portico of six Corinthian columns. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCTunisia_08_MC_091.jpg
  • General view of the Roman Capitol, 2nd century, in Dougga, Tunisia, pictured on January 31, 2008, in the morning. Dougga has been occupied since the 2nd Millennium BC, well before the Phoenicians arrived in Tunisia. It was ruled by Carthage from the 4th century BC, then by Numidians, who called it Thugga and finally taken over by the Romans in the 2nd century. Situated in the north of Tunisia the site became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. This is one of the best preserved Roman temples in North Africa with a portico of six Corinthian columns. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCTunisia_08_MC_086.jpg
  • Low angle view of the Frigidarium columns of the Antonine Baths, Carthage, Tunisia, pictured on January 28, 2008, in the afternoon. Carthage was founded in 814 BC by the Phoenicians who fought three Punic Wars against the Romans over this immensely important Mediterranean harbour. The Romans finally conquered the city in 146 BC. Subsequently it was conquered by the Vandals and the Byzantine Empire. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage. Founded in the 2nd Century by the Emperor Hadrian and completed by Antoninus Pius, the Antonine Baths were the largest outside the ancient city of Rome. Today, the basement, furnaces and fragments of carved and inscribed masonry remain of the highly complex structure, which included the Caldaria and Frigidarium (hot and cold baths). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    DTUNISIA080418.jpg
  • Floodlit Temple of Hercules Victor at dusk, 2nd century BC, Forum Boarium, Rome, Italy. Earliest surviving marble building in Rome, the temple is 14.8 m in diameter and consists of a circular cella within a concentric ring of twenty Corinthian columns 10.66 m tall. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCITALY12_MC583.jpg
  • Corinthian capitals, Temple of Hercules Victor, 2nd century BC, Forum Boarium, Rome, Italy. Earliest surviving marble building in Rome, the temple is 14.8 m in diameter and consists of a circular cella within a concentric ring of twenty Corinthian columns 10.66 m tall. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCITALY12_MC582.jpg
  • Floodlit Temple of Hercules Victor at dusk, 2nd century BC, Forum Boarium, Rome, Italy. Earliest surviving marble building in Rome, the temple is 14.8 m in diameter and consists of a circular cella within a concentric ring of twenty Corinthian columns 10.66 m tall. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCITALY12_MC585.jpg
  • View from the side of Columns in the Temple of Juno Caelestis, 3rd century, in Dougga, Tunisia, pictured on January 31, 2008, in the morning. Dougga has been occupied since the 2nd Millenium BC, well before the Phoenicians arrived in Tunisia. It was ruled by Carthage from the 4th century BC, then by Numidians, who called it Thugga and finally taken over by the Romans in the 2nd century. Situated in the north of Tunisia, the site became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCTunisia_08_MC_102.jpg
  • Detail of the pediment and entablature of the Roman Capitol, 2nd century, in Dougga, Tunisia, pictured on January 31, 2008, in the morning. Dougga has been occupied since the 2nd Millennium BC, well before the Phoenicians arrived in Tunisia. It was ruled by Carthage from the 4th century BC, then by Numidians, who called it Thugga and finally taken over by the Romans in the 2nd century. Situated in the north of Tunisia, the site became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. This is one of the best preserved Roman temples in North Africa with a portico of six Corinthian columns. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCTunisia_08_MC_093.jpg
  • Low angle view of the front of the Roman Capitol, 2nd century, in Dougga, Tunisia, pictured on January 31, 2008, in the morning. Dougga has been occupied since the 2nd Millennium BC, well before the Phoenicians arrived in Tunisia. It was ruled by Carthage from the 4th century BC, then by Numidians, who called it Thugga and finally taken over by the Romans in the 2nd century. Situated in the north of Tunisia, the site became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. This is one of the best preserved Roman temples in North Africa with a portico of six Corinthian columns. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCTunisia_08_MC_092.jpg
  • General view of the Roman Capitol, 2nd century, in Dougga, Tunisia, pictured on January 31, 2008, in the morning. Dougga has been occupied since the 2nd Millennium BC, well before the Phoenicians arrived in Tunisia. It was ruled by Carthage from the 4th century BC, then by Numidians, who called it Thugga and finally taken over by the Romans in the 2nd century. Situated in the north of Tunisia the site became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. This is one of the best preserved Roman temples in North Africa with a portico of six Corinthian columns. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCTunisia_08_MC_088.jpg
  • General view of the Roman Capitol, 2nd century, in Dougga, Tunisia, pictured on January 31, 2008, in the morning. Dougga has been occupied since the 2nd Millennium BC, well before the Phoenicians arrived in Tunisia. It was ruled by Carthage from the 4th century BC, then by Numidians, who called it Thugga and finally taken over by the Romans in the 2nd century. Situated in the north of Tunisia the site became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. This is one of the best preserved Roman temples in North Africa with a portico of six Corinthian columns. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCTunisia_08_MC_087.jpg
  • Low angle view of the Gymnasium with columns and capitals in the Antonine Baths, with the sea in the background, Carthage, Tunisia, pictured on January 28, 2008, in the evening. Carthage was founded in 814 BC by the Phoenicians who fought three Punic Wars against the Romans over this immensely important Mediterranean harbour. The Romans finally conquered the city in 146 BC. Subsequently it was conquered by the Vandals and the Byzantine Empire. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage. Founded in the 2nd Century by the Emperor Hadrian and completed by Antoninus Pius, the Antonine Baths were the largest outside the ancient city of Rome. Today, the basement, furnaces and fragments of carved and inscribed masonry remain of the highly complex structure, which included the Caldaria and Frigidarium (hot and cold baths). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCTunisia_08_MC_049.jpg
  • General view of the Gymnasium with columns and capitals in the Antonine Baths, with the sea in the background, Carthage, Tunisia, pictured on January 28, 2008, in the evening. Carthage was founded in 814 BC by the Phoenicians who fought three Punic Wars against the Romans over this immensely important Mediterranean harbour. The Romans finally conquered the city in 146 BC. Subsequently it was conquered by the Vandals and the Byzantine Empire. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage. Founded in the 2nd Century by the Emperor Hadrian and completed by Antoninus Pius, the Antonine Baths were the largest outside the ancient city of Rome. Today, the basement, furnaces and fragments of carved and inscribed masonry remain of the highly complex structure, which included the Caldaria and Frigidarium (hot and cold baths). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCTunisia_08_MC_048.jpg
  • General view of the Antonine Baths, with Frigidarium columns in the distance, Carthage, Tunisia, pictured on January 28, 2008, in the afternoon. Carthage was founded in 814 BC by the Phoenicians who fought three Punic Wars against the Romans over this immensely important Mediterranean harbour. The Romans finally conquered the city in 146 BC. Subsequently it was conquered by the Vandals and the Byzantine Empire. Today it is a UNESCO World Heritage. Founded in the 2nd Century by the Emperor Hadrian and completed by Antoninus Pius, the Antonine Baths were the largest outside the ancient city of Rome. Today, the basement, furnaces and fragments of carved and inscribed masonry remain of the highly complex structure, which included the Caldaria and Frigidarium (hot and cold baths). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    DTUNISIA080299.jpg
  • Vaulted ceiling of the Sala de Contratacion or Hall of the Columns, built 1483–98 by Pere Compte, where finances and contracts were agreed, at the La Lonja de la Seda or the Silk Exchange, built 1482-1533 by Pere Compte, Johan Yvarra, Johan Corbera and Domingo Urtiaga in late Gothic style, in Valencia, Spain. The Silk Exchange consists of the Sala de Contratacion or Contract Hall, the Pavilion of the Consulate where Tribunal del Mar was held, the prison and the Orange Garden. The building is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_SPAIN_MC_0072.jpg
  • Low angle view of the Roman Capitol, 2nd century, in Dougga, Tunisia, pictured on January 31, 2008, in the morning. Dougga has been occupied since the 2nd Millennium BC, well before the Phoenicians arrived in Tunisia. It was ruled by Carthage from the 4th century BC, then by Numidians, who called it Thugga and finally taken over by the Romans in the 2nd century. Situated in the north of Tunisia, the site became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. This is one of the best preserved Roman temples in North Africa with a portico of six Corinthian columns. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCTunisia_08_MC_090.jpg
  • Low angle view of the columns of the Heraion on September 18, 2008 in Delos, Greece. The temple of Hera was built c.500 BC on the site of an earlier temple built in the 8th century BC. The remaining columns stand proudly against a background of sea and sky on a sunny late summer morning. Photo by Manuel Cohen
    LCGREECE08_10_182.JPG
  • General view of the columns of the Heraion on September 18, 2008, Delos, Greece. The temple of Hera was built c.500 BC on the site of an earlier temple c. 8th century BC. The remaining columns stand  against a background of sea, hills and sky on a sunny late summer afternoon. Photo by Manuel Cohen
    LCGREECE08_10_181.JPG
  • Low angle view of the columns of the Heraion on September 18, 2008, Delos, Greece. The temple of Hera was built c.500 BC on the site of an earlier temple c. 8th century BC. The remaining columns stand  against a background of sea, hills and sky on a sunny late summer afternoon. Photo by Manuel Cohen
    LCGREECE08_10_178.JPG
  • EPIDAURUS, GREECE - APRIL 15 : A general view of the columns in the two part stoa of the Abaton, or dormitory, on April 15, 2007 in Epidaurus, Greece. It forms part of northwest boundary of the central Sanctuary of Asklepios, north of the Temple of Asklepios. It was built c. 400  - 350 BC, in the Late Classical Period and is Ionic in style. The columns have been restored. Asklepios was the God of health and happieness and patients came to the sanctuary in search of a cure. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DGREECE070451.JPG
  • ATHENS, GREECE - APRIL 10 : A low angle view of Ionic columns of the Erechtheum, on April 10, 2007, in Athens, Greece. The Erechtheum was built on the Acropolis, between 421 and 405 BC, in the Ionic Order. The capitals of the columns are decorated with palmettes and a cable pattern between the volutes. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DGREECE070397.JPG
  • ATHENS, GREECE - APRIL 10 : A detail of Ionic columns of the Erechtheum, on April 10, 2007, in Athens, Greece. The Erechtheum was built on the Acropolis, between 421 and 405 BC, in the Ionic Order. The capitals of the columns are decorated with palmettes and a cable pattern between the volutes. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DGREECE070394.JPG
  • Low angle view of the columns of the Heraion on September 18, 2008, Delos, Greece. The temple of Hera was built c.500 BC on the site of an earlier temple c. 8th century BC. The remaining columns stand  against a background of sea, hills and sky on a sunny late summer afternoon. Photo by Manuel Cohen
    LCGREECE08_10_180.JPG
  • ATHENS, GREECE - APRIL 17 : A general view of the Erechtheum at dawn, on April 17, 2007, in Athens, Greece. The Erechtheum was built on the Acropolis, between 421 and 405 BC, in the Ionic Order. The plan is unusual with West facade having only 4 columns, being overlapped by the North porch. The famous Caryatid porch, with 6 sculptures of maidens replacing the columns, faces South towards the Parthenon. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DGREECE070416.JPG
  • Rear side of the entrance to the House of the Columns near the Triumphal Arch of Caracalla, built 217 AD, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC015.jpg
  • ATHENS, GREECE - APRIL 10 : A low angle view of a Ionic column of the Erechtheum, on April 10, 2007, in Athens, Greece. The Erechtheum was built on the Acropolis, between 421 and 405 BC, in the Ionic Order. The capitals of the columns are decorated with palmettes and a cable pattern between the volutes. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DGREECE070395.JPG
  • ATHENS, GREECE - APRIL 10 : A low angle view of a Ionic column of the Erechtheum, on April 10, 2007, in Athens, Greece. The Erechtheum was built on the Acropolis, between 421 and 405 BC, in the Ionic Order. The capitals of the columns are decorated with palmettes and a cable pattern between the volutes. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DGREECE070396.JPG
  • Temple of Castor and Pollux, inaugurated in 484 BC, restored in 117 BC by Lucius Metellus Dalmaticus and finally totally rebuilt by Tiberius in the early 1st century AD, two Honorific Columns re-erected at the end of 19th century with grey granite and white marble, topping high brick bases dating 3rd century AD in the foreground, Roman Forum, Rome, Italy, Europe.
    DROMA061057.jpg
  • CORINTH, GREECE - APRIL 16 : A general view of the Temple of Apollo, on April 16, 2007 in Corinth, Greece. Standing prominently on a knoll the Temple of Apollo was built in the 7th century BC in the Doric Order. Seven of its original 38 columns remain standing and are seen here in the early morning light with the mountains in the background. It is one of the oldest temples in Greece. Corinth, founded in Neolithic times, was a major Ancient Greek city, until it was razed by the Romans in 146 BC. Rebuilt a century later it was destroyed by an earthquake in Byzantine times.(Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DGREECE07_10_095.jpg
  • CORINTH, GREECE - APRIL 16 : A general view of the Temple of Apollo, on April 16, 2007 in Corinth, Greece. Standing prominently on a knoll the Temple of Apollo was built in the 7th century BC in the Doric Order. Seven of its original 38 columns remain standing and are seen here in the early morning light. It is one of the oldest temples in Greece. Corinth, founded in Neolithic times, was a major Ancient Greek city, until it was razed by the Romans in 146 BC. Rebuilt a century later it was destroyed by an earthquake in Byzantine times. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DGREECE07_10_093.jpg
  • CORINTH, GREECE - APRIL 16 : A view from behind of the Temple of Apollo, on April 16, 2007 in Corinth, Greece. Standing prominently on a knoll the Temple of Apollo was built in the 7th century BC in the Doric Order. Seven of its original 38 columns remain standing and are seen here in the early morning light. It is one of the oldest temples in Greece. Corinth, founded in Neolithic times, was a major Ancient Greek city, until it was razed by the Romans in 146 BC. Rebuilt a century later it was destroyed by an earthquake in Byzantine times. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DGREECE07_10_092.jpg
  • CORINTH, GREECE - APRIL 16 : A view from below of the Temple of Apollo, on April 16, 2007 in Corinth, Greece. Standing prominently on a knoll the Temple of Apollo was built in the 7th century BC in the Doric Order. Seven of its original 38 columns remain standing and are seen here in the early morning light. It is one of the oldest temples in Greece. Corinth, founded in Neolithic times, was a major Ancient Greek city, until it was razed by the Romans in 146 BC. Rebuilt a century later it was destroyed by an earthquake in Byzantine times. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DGREECE07_10_090.jpg
  • CORINTH, GREECE - APRIL 16 : A detail of Temple C, on April 16, 2007 in Corinth, Greece. Situated next to the Fountain of Glauke, Temple C, built in the 1st century BC or AD, may have been dedicated to Octavia or Hera. This collection of fragments of lintels, Corinthian capitals and columns is seen in the early morning light. Corinth, founded in Neolithic times, was a major Ancient Greek city, until it was razed by the Romans in 146 BC. Rebuilt a century later it was destroyed by an earthquake in Byzantine times. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DGREECE07_10_089.jpg
  • CORINTH, GREECE - APRIL 16 : A detail of Temple E, on April 16, 2007 in Corinth, Greece. Originally built during the early Augustan period, 1st century BC, Temple E was rebuilt after the earthquake of 77 AD. These three fine Corinthian capitals and columns, two of which have been reconstructed, are seen in the early morning light. Corinth, founded in Neolithic times, was a major Ancient Greek city, until it was razed by the Romans in 146 BC. Rebuilt a century later it was destroyed by an earthquake in Byzantine times. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DGREECE07_10_086.jpg
  • CORINTH, GREECE - APRIL 15 : A view from below of the Temple of Apollo, on April 15, 2007 in Corinth, Greece. Standing prominently on a knoll the Temple of Apollo was built in the 7th century BC in the Doric Order. Seven of its original 38 columns remain standing and are seen here in the afternoon light. It is one of the oldest temples in Greece. Corinth, founded in Neolithic times, was a major Ancient Greek city, until it was razed by the Romans in 146 BC. Rebuilt a century later it was destroyed by an earthquake in Byzantine times.(Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DGREECE07_10_079.jpg
  • CORINTH, GREECE - APRIL 15 : A detail of the Temple of Apollo, on April 15, 2007 in Corinth, Greece. Standing prominently on a knoll the Temple of Apollo was built in the 7th century BC in the Doric Order. Seven of its original 38 columns remain standing and are seen here in the afternoon light. It is one of the oldest temples in Greece. Corinth, founded in Neolithic times, was a major Ancient Greek city, until it was razed by the Romans in 146 BC. Rebuilt a century later it was destroyed by an earthquake in Byzantine times. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DGREECE07_10_076.jpg
  • CORINTH, GREECE - APRIL 15 : A general view of the Temple of Apollo, on April 15, 2007 in Corinth, Greece. Standing prominently on a knoll the Temple of Apollo was built in the 7th century BC in the Doric Order. Seven of its original 38 columns remain standing and are seen here in the afternoon light. It is one of the oldest temples in Greece. Corinth, founded in Neolithic times, was a major Ancient Greek city, until it was razed by the Romans in 146 BC. Rebuilt a century later it was destroyed by an earthquake in Byzantine times. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DGREECE07_10_075.jpg
  • CORINTH, GREECE - APRIL 15 : A detail of Temple E, on April 15, 2007 in Corinth, Greece. Origionally built during the early Augustan period, 1st century BC, Temple E was rebuilt after the earthquake of 77 AD. These three fine Corinthian capitals and columns, two of which have been reconstructed, are seen in the afternoon light. Corinth, founded in Neolithic times, was a major Ancient Greek city, until it was razed by the Romans in 146 BC. Rebuilt a century later it was destroyed by an earthquake in Byzantine times. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DGREECE07_10_073.jpg
  • CORINTH, GREECE - APRIL 15 : A general view of the Temple of Apollo, on April 15, 2007 in Corinth, Greece. Standing prominently on a knoll the Temple of Apollo was built in the 7th century BC in the Doric Order. Seven of its original 38 columns remain standing and are seen here in the afternoon light. It is one of the oldest temples in Greece. Corinth, founded in Neolithic times, was a major Ancient Greek city, until it was razed by the Romans in 146 BC. Rebuilt a century later it was destroyed by an earthquake in Byzantine times. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DGREECE07_10_072.jpg
  • Ionic columns with 2 opposed volutes carved in the capital, peristyle of the Roman baths, 3rd century AD, Bosra, Syria.
    LCSYRIA05049.JPG
  • Ionic columns with 2 opposed volutes carved in the capitals, Roman baths, 3rd century AD, Bosra, Syria.
    LCSYRIA05048.JPG
  • Two podia of the Tetrapylon (Monumental Entrance) at twilight, Palmyra, Syria. The Tetrapylon is made of four podia built under a square foundation supporting four columns originally made of pink granite, and was reconstructed after 1963 by the Syrian Directorate of Antiquities.
    LCSYRIA05017.JPG
  • Temple of Standards seen through 2 Corinthian columns, Diocletian's Camp, late 3rd century AD - early 4th century AD, Palmyra, Syria. The Temple of Standards dominates from an elevated position and overlooks the whole archaeological site of Palmyra.
    LCSYRIA05003.JPG
  • CORINTH, GREECE - APRIL 16 : A general view of the West Shops, on April 16, 2007 in Corinth, Greece. A row of shops, seen here in the early morning light, forms the west side of the forum. There is an an entrance to the Forum through the middle of the row. In front of the shops are many architectural fragments including columns and lintels. Corinth, founded in Neolithic times, was a major Ancient Greek city, until it was razed by the Romans in 146 BC. Rebuilt a century later it was destroyed by an earthquake in Byzantine times. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DGREECE07_10_120.jpg
  • CORINTH, GREECE - APRIL 16 : A general view of the Temple of Apollo, on April 16, 2007 in Corinth, Greece. Standing prominently on a knoll the Temple of Apollo was built in the 7th century BC in the Doric Order. Seven of its original 38 columns remain standing and are seen here in the early morning light with the mountains in the background. It is one of the oldest temples in Greece. Corinth, founded in Neolithic times, was a major Ancient Greek city, until it was razed by the Romans in 146 BC. Rebuilt a century later it was destroyed by an earthquake in Byzantine times. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DGREECE07_10_094.jpg
  • CORINTH, GREECE - APRIL 16 : A view from behind of the Temple of Apollo, on April 16, 2007 in Corinth, Greece. Standing prominently on a knoll the Temple of Apollo was built in the 7th century BC in the Doric Order. Seven of its original 38 columns remain standing and are seen here in the early morning light. It is one of the oldest temples in Greece. Corinth, founded in Neolithic times, was a major Ancient Greek city, until it was razed by the Romans in 146 BC. Rebuilt a century later it was destroyed by an earthquake in Byzantine times.(Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DGREECE07_10_091.jpg
  • CORINTH, GREECE - APRIL 16 : A detail view from the side of Temple E, on April 16, 2007 in Corinth, Greece. Originally built during the early Augustan period, 1st century BC, Temple E was rebuilt after the earthquake of 77 AD. These three fine Corinthian capitals and columns, two of which have been reconstructed, standing on a raised stone terrace, are seen in the early morning light. Corinth, founded in Neolithic times, was a major Ancient Greek city, until it was razed by the Romans in 146 BC. Rebuilt a century later it was destroyed by an earthquake in Byzantine times. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DGREECE07_10_088.jpg
  • CORINTH, GREECE - APRIL 16 : A general view of Temple E, on April 16, 2007 in Corinth, Greece. Originally built during the early Augustan period, 1st century BC, Temple E was rebuilt after the earthquake of 77 AD. These three fine Corinthian capitals and columns, two of which have been reconstructed, standing on a raised stone terrace, are seen in the early morning light. Corinth, founded in Neolithic times, was a major Ancient Greek city, until it was razed by the Romans in 146 BC. Rebuilt a century later it was destroyed by an earthquake in Byzantine times. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DGREECE07_10_087.jpg
  • CORINTH, GREECE - APRIL 15 : A detail of Temple E, on April 15, 2007 in Corinth, Greece. Origonally built during the early Augustan period, 1st century BC, Temple E was rebuilt after the earthquake of 77 AD. These three fine Corinthian capitals and columns, two of which have been reconstructed, are seen in the afternoon light. Corinth, founded in Neolithic times, was a major Ancient Greek city, until it was razed by the Romans in 146 BC. Rebuilt a century later it was destroyed by an earthquake in Byzantine times. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DGREECE07_10_074.jpg
  • Ionic columns with 2 opposed volutes carved in the capital, Roman baths, 3rd century AD, Bosra, Syria. The peristyle is seen towards the Mosque of Fatima in the distance.
    LCSYRIA05051.JPG
  • Tetrapylon (Monumental Entrance) and Great Colonnade in the background, Palmyra, Syria. The Tetrapylon is made of four podia built under a square foundation supporting four columns originally made of pink granite, and was reconstructed after 1963 by the Syrian Directorate of Antiquities.
    LCSYRIA05029.JPG
  • Tetrapylon (Monumental Entrance) at twilight, Palmyra, Syria. The Tetrapylon is made of four podia built under a square foundation supporting four columns originally made of pink granite, and was reconstructed after 1963 by the Syrian Directorate of Antiquities.
    LCSYRIA05028.JPG
  • Tetrapylon (Monumental Entrance) with Great Colonnade in the distance, Palmyra, Syria. The Tetrapylon is made of four podia built under a square foundation supporting four columns originally made of pink granite, and was reconstructed after 1963 by the Syrian Directorate of Antiquities. The Great Colonnade was built during the 2nd century AD.
    LCSYRIA05027.JPG
  • Great Colonnade and Tetrapylon at twilight, Palmyra, Syria. The Great Colonnade was built during the 2nd century AD. The Tetrapylon is made of four podia built under a square foundation supporting four columns originally made of pink granite, and was reconstructed after 1963 by the Syrian Directorate of Antiquities.
    LCSYRIA05023.JPG
  • CORINTH, GREECE - APRIL 16 : A detail of an Ionic capital, on April 16, 2007 in Corinth, Greece. This Ionic capital amongst the ruins of Corinth is seen in the early morning light with the Temple of Apollo in the background. Standing prominently on a knoll the Temple of Apollo is one of the oldest temples in Greece. It was built in the 7th century BC in the Doric Order and seven of its original 38 columns remain. Corinth, founded in Neolithic times, was a major Ancient Greek city, until it was razed by the Romans in 146 BC. Rebuilt a century later it was destroyed by an earthquake in Byzantine times. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DGREECE07_10_114.jpg
  • ATHENS, GREECE - APRIL 17 : A general view of the Erechtheum, on April 17, 2007, in Athens, Greece. The Erechtheum was built on the Acropolis, between 421 and 405 BC, in the Ionic Order. The plan is unusual with West facade having only 4 columns, being overlapped by the North porch. The famous Caryatid porch, with 6 sculptures of maidens replacing the columns, faces South towards the Parthenon. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DGREECE070415.JPG
  • The Baalshamin sanctuary, Chief fertility god, begun in 2nd century BC, colonnaded courtyard added after 67 AD, cella in 130 AD, columns silhouetted against sunset, Palmyra, Syria Picture by Manuel Cohen
    asyria050007.jpg
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