manuel cohen

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  • 18th century apartment, with Rococo style wood panelling c. 1750 by Philibert Lonbois, and yellow silk wall covering, at the Chateau de Flecheres, built 1610-16 by Jean de Seve, in Dombes, Fareins, Ain, France. The chateau was built on an earlier 12th century fortress and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1363.jpg
  • Painting of a ball, showing couples dancing on rush matting, from Chateau d'Azay-le-Rideau, 16th century Renaissance chateau, Loire Valley, Inde-et-Loire, France. This is an anonymous, late 16th century painting and is conserved at the Musee du Chateau Royal de Blois. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC120.jpg
  • Painting of woman in her bath, 1834, from Chateau d'Azay-le-Rideau, 16th century Renaissance chateau, Loire Valley, Inde-et-Loire, France. This painting is a copy of the anonymous painting of Gabrielle d'Estrees in her bath, 1598-1599, at the Musee Conde in Chantilly, which in turn was inspired by Francois Clouet's Diane de Poitiers of 1571, at the National Gallery of Art in Washington. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC119.jpg
  • Concert champetre or pastoral concert, with group of musicians in a countryside setting, 18th century engraving after a painting by Antoine Watteau, 1624-1721, Rococo painter. Copyright © Collection Particuliere Tropmi / Manuel Cohen
    LC_History_MC0138.jpg
  • Chateau de Loches, aerial view, with left-right, Keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou, Eglise Saint-Ours de Loches, a collegiate church founded 963-985 by Geoffroy Grisegonelle count of Anjou and rebuilt in 12th century in Romanesque style, and the Renaissance Logis Royal, built 14th and 16th century, at the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC22_FRANCE_MC_1644.jpg
  • Salle des Graffitis, with frieze carved by prisoners incarcerated here when it was a prison 15th century - 1926, in the Tour Neuve or Tour Louis XI, built 15th century, in the Chateau de Loches, in the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Renaissance Logis Royal built 14th and 16th century, and the keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1671.jpg
  • Agnes Sorel Tower, a watchtower built 13th century under Charles VI, and the 14th century section of the Logis Royal, in the Chateau de Loches, built from 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou, at the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Logis Royal and the keep. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1650.jpg
  • Chateau de Loches, aerial view, with Eglise Saint-Ours de Loches, a collegiate church founded 963-985 by Geoffroy Grisegonelle count of Anjou and rebuilt in 12th century in Romanesque style, and the Renaissance Logis Royal, built 14th and 16th century, at the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. On the right is the Tour Saint-Antoine, a fortified Renaissance belfry built 1529-75. The chateau is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC22_FRANCE_MC_1640.jpg
  • Chateau de Loches, aerial view, with left-right, Keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou, Eglise Saint-Ours de Loches, a collegiate church founded 963-985 by Geoffroy Grisegonelle count of Anjou and rebuilt in 12th century in Romanesque style, and the Renaissance Logis Royal, built 14th and 16th century, at the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC22_FRANCE_MC_1643.jpg
  • Bust of king Charles VIII, 1470-98, French, bronze, 19th century, after an original 15th century Renaissance sculpture by Antonio del Pallaiuolo, 1429-98, in the Chateau de Loches, in the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Renaissance Logis Royal built 14th and 16th century, and the keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1661.jpg
  • Chateau de Loches, aerial view, with Eglise Saint-Ours de Loches, a collegiate church founded 963-985 by Geoffroy Grisegonelle count of Anjou and rebuilt in 12th century in Romanesque style, and the Renaissance Logis Royal, built 14th and 16th century, at the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC22_FRANCE_MC_1642.jpg
  • Logis Royal, built 14th and 16th century in Renaissance style, in the Chateau de Loches, built from 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou, aerial view, at the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Logis Royal and the keep. It is listed as a historic monument. On the right is the Tour Saint-Antoine, a fortified Renaissance belfry built 1529-75. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC22_FRANCE_MC_1641.jpg
  • La Musica, or Allegory of Music, detail, Flemish tapestry from Audenarde, 16th century, in wool and silk, in the Salle de la Reine or Queen's Room, between the King's Room and the Great Hall, in the Logis Royal at the Chateau de Loches, in the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Renaissance Logis Royal built 14th and 16th century, and the keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1659.jpg
  • Portrait of Agnes Sorel, 1422-50, mistress of Charles VII, painting, 17th century, by unknown artist, in the Chateau de Loches, in the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Renaissance Logis Royal built 14th and 16th century, and the keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1664.jpg
  • Salle des Graffitis, with carving of guard with halberd, sculpted by prisoners incarcerated here when it was a prison 15th century - 1926, in the Tour Neuve or Tour Louis XI, built 15th century, in the Chateau de Loches, in the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Renaissance Logis Royal built 14th and 16th century, and the keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1673.jpg
  • Eglise Saint-Ours de Loches, aerial view, a collegiate church founded 963-985 by Geoffroy Grisegonelle count of Anjou and rebuilt in 12th century in Romanesque style, with 2 dubes or octagonal pyramidal towers, in the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The Royal City in the Loire Valley contains a medieval castle founded 9th century then added to until 16th century, royal lodge and keep built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou. The chateau is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC22_FRANCE_MC_1649.jpg
  • Logis Royal, built 14th and 16th century in Renaissance style, in the Chateau de Loches, built from 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou, aerial view, at the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Logis Royal and the keep. It is listed as a historic monument. On the right is the Tour Saint-Antoine, a fortified Renaissance belfry built 1529-75. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC22_FRANCE_MC_1648.jpg
  • Logis Royal, built 14th and 16th century in Renaissance style, in the Chateau de Loches, built from 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou, aerial view, at the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Logis Royal and the keep. It is listed as a historic monument. On the left is the Tour Saint-Antoine, a fortified Renaissance belfry built 1529-75. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC22_FRANCE_MC_1647.jpg
  • Logis Royal, built 14th and 16th century in Renaissance style, in the Chateau de Loches, built from 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou, aerial view, at the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Logis Royal and the keep. It is listed as a historic monument. On the right is the Tour Saint-Antoine, a fortified Renaissance belfry built 1529-75. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC22_FRANCE_MC_1645.jpg
  • Grande Salle or Joan of Arc Room, the main public space for the court of the king, and where Joan of Arc met with Charles VII in 1429, in the 14th century section of the Logis Royal at the Chateau de Loches, in the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Renaissance Logis Royal built 14th and 16th century, and the keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1654.jpg
  • La Musica, or Allegory of Music, Flemish tapestry from Audenarde, 16th century, in wool and silk, in the Salle de la Reine or Queen's Room, between the King's Room and the Great Hall, in the Logis Royal at the Chateau de Loches, in the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Renaissance Logis Royal built 14th and 16th century, and the keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1675.jpg
  • Portrait of King Charles VII of France, 1403-61, oil painting on board, 20th century, by unknown artist, copy of an original by Jean Fouquet, 1420-81, in the Chateau de Loches, in the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Renaissance Logis Royal built 14th and 16th century, and the keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1658.jpg
  • Death of Agnes Sorel at the Abbaye de Jumieges in 1450, oil painting on canvas, 19th century, by Alexandre Evariste Fragonard, 1780-1850, in the Chateau de Loches, in the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Renaissance Logis Royal built 14th and 16th century, and the keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1667.jpg
  • Salle des Graffitis, with Calvary scene sculpted by prisoners incarcerated here when it was a prison 15th century - 1926, in the Tour Neuve or Tour Louis XI, built 15th century, in the Chateau de Loches, in the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Renaissance Logis Royal built 14th and 16th century, and the keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1672.jpg
  • Agnes Sorel Tower, a watchtower built 13th century under Charles VI, and the 14th century section of the Logis Royal, in the Chateau de Loches, built from 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou, at the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Logis Royal and the keep. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1652.jpg
  • Oratory of Anne de Bretagne, 1477-1514, wife of Charles I and Louis XII, built c.1500, with sculpted decoration in Flamboyant Gothic style, including Breton ermines and the cord of St Francis of Assisi, the symbol of the queen, in the 16th century section of the Logis Royal at the Chateau de Loches, in the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Renaissance Logis Royal built 14th and 16th century, and the keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1663.jpg
  • Charles VII Room, or King's Bedroom, in the 14th century section of the Logis Royal at the Chateau de Loches, in the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Renaissance Logis Royal built 14th and 16th century, and the keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1655.jpg
  • Statuette of St Agnes, Flemish, oak, 16th century, by unknown sculptor, in the Chateau de Loches, in the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Renaissance Logis Royal built 14th and 16th century, and the keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1660.jpg
  • Rooftops of Loches and the Tour Saint-Antoine, a fortified Renaissance belfry built 1529-75, originally part of the Eglise Saint-Antoine, seen from the logis royal of the Chateau de Loches, in the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, royal lodge and keep, at Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. It was built in the 9th century and the keep in 1013 by Foulques Nerra, Count of Anjou, then added to until 16th century. The chateau is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1651.jpg
  • Capital with bat, on the vaulted porch of the Flamboyant Gothic loggia, 15th century, at the Logis Royal in the Chateau de Loches, in the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Renaissance Logis Royal built 14th and 16th century, and the keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1669.jpg
  • Room with large window, fireplace and latrines, used as a small wardrobe adjacent to a larger room, in the Tour Neuve or Tour Louis XI, built 15th century, in the Chateau de Loches, in the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Renaissance Logis Royal built 14th and 16th century, and the keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1670.jpg
  • Agnes Sorel, 1422-50, mistress of Charles VII, print of a drawing by Francois Souchon, 1787-1857, in the Chateau de Loches, in the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Renaissance Logis Royal built 14th and 16th century, and the keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1665.jpg
  • Statue of St Mary Magdalene, limestone and marble, 16th century, originally from the Eglise Saint-Germain de Limeray, in the Grande Salle or Great Hall, in the Chateau de Loches, in the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Renaissance Logis Royal built 14th and 16th century, and the keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1657.jpg
  • Portrait of Agnes Sorel, 1422-50, mistress of Charles VII, with bared breast, detail, oil painting on canvas, 20th century, by unknown artist, after an original by Francois Clouet, 1510-72, in the Chateau de Loches, in the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Renaissance Logis Royal built 14th and 16th century, and the keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1666.jpg
  • Portrait of young woman with dog, presumed to be Agnes Sorel, 1422-50, mistress of Charles VII, painting on wood, early 16th century, by French School artist, in the Chateau de Loches, in the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Renaissance Logis Royal built 14th and 16th century, and the keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1668.jpg
  • Salle de la Reine or Queen's Room, between the King's Room and the Great Hall, in the Logis Royal at the Chateau de Loches, in the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Renaissance Logis Royal built 14th and 16th century, and the keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1656.jpg
  • Portrait of Agnes Sorel, 1422-50, mistress of Charles VII, with bared breast, oil painting on canvas, 20th century, by unknown artist, after an original by Francois Clouet, 1510-72, in the Chateau de Loches, in the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Renaissance Logis Royal built 14th and 16th century, and the keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1676.jpg
  • Keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou, and ramparts of the Chateau de Loches, aerial view, at the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The 4-storey keep is 23m high with walls 2.8m thick. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Renaissance Logis Royal, built 14th and 16th century, and the keep. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC22_FRANCE_MC_1646.jpg
  • Ground floor of the Agnes Sorel Tower, a watchtower built 13th century under Charles VI, at the Logis Royal, in the Chateau de Loches, built from 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou, at the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. On the wall are the marks left by the dedication plaque from the effigy of Agnes Sorel, mistress of Charles VII, which was mounted here. The arched sculpture is from the 14th turret on the building. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Logis Royal and the keep. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1653.jpg
  • Oratory of Anne de Bretagne, 1477-1514, wife of Charles I and Louis XII, built c.1500, with altar and sculpted decoration in Flamboyant Gothic style, including Breton ermines and the cord of St Francis of Assisi, the symbol of the queen, in the 16th century section of the Logis Royal at the Chateau de Loches, in the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Renaissance Logis Royal built 14th and 16th century, and the keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1662.jpg
  • Paintings by Ludovico Sforza duke of Milan, imprisoned  1504-8 in the Tour Martelet or Hammer Tower, in the Chateau de Loches, in the Cite Royale de Loches, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France. The chateau is a medieval castle in the Loire Valley consisting of the old collegiate Eglise Saint-Ours, the Renaissance Logis Royal built 14th and 16th century, and the keep, built 1013 by Foulques Nerra, count of Anjou. It is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1674.jpg
  • Foundations of the Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (left), supporting wall of the 15th century drawbridge (centre) and wall of the Thibaud Grande Poterie or pottery works, 13th century (right), seen from the moat, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC221.jpg
  • Ceiling of Gothic choir, 15th century, with tracery and high columns, and High Altarpiece, 18th century, by Sabatini, with statue of the Virgen de la Paz, 12th century, in the centre, Segovia Cathedral, (Catedral de Segovia, Catedral de Santa Maria), 1525-77, by Juan Gil de Hontanon (1480-1526), and continued by his son Rodrigo Gil de Hontanon (1500-1577), Segovia, Castile and Leon, Spain. Last Gothic Cathedral in Spain, commissioned by Carlos V (1500-58), after an earlier cathedral was damaged in the Revolt of the Comuneros, 1520. Cathedral consecrated, 1768. Ground plan has three naves surrounded by chapels. The interior is lit by Flemish windows, 16th-17th century, and centres on Gothic choir (15th century). Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN11_MC234.jpg
  • Roman carving of Aulisua, the African and Mauretanian god of fertility, with inscription, 1st - 3rd century AD, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC145.jpg
  • An ivory chesspiece, 10th - 11th centuries, made into a whistle (called 'le fou chantant') in the 15th century and discarded in the 16th century, from the 1995 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC300.jpg
  • An ivory chesspiece, 10th - 11th centuries, made into a whistle (called 'le fou chantant') in the 15th century and discarded in the 16th century, from the 1995 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC301.jpg
  • Ceiling of Gothic choir, 15th century, with tracery and high columns, and High Altarpiece, 18th century, by Sabatini, with statue of the Virgen de la Paz, 12th century, in the centre, Segovia Cathedral, (Catedral de Segovia, Catedral de Santa Maria), 1525-77, by Juan Gil de Hontanon (1480-1526), and continued by his son Rodrigo Gil de Hontanon (1500-1577), Segovia, Castile and Leon, Spain. Last Gothic Cathedral in Spain, commissioned by Carlos V (1500-58), after an earlier cathedral was damaged in the Revolt of the Comuneros, 1520. Cathedral consecrated, 1768. Ground plan has three naves surrounded by chapels. The interior is lit by Flemish windows, 16th-17th century, and centres on Gothic choir (15th century). Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN11_MC233.jpg
  • Roman carving of Aulisua, the African and Mauretanian god of fertility, with inscription, 1st - 3rd century AD, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC146.jpg
  • An ivory chesspiece, 10th - 11th centuries, made into a whistle (called 'le fou chantant') in the 15th century and discarded in the 16th century, from the 1995 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC299.jpg
  • Statue of Notre-Dame du Bec or Our Lady of Bec, 14th century, in the abbey church, originally the 17th century Mauric refectory, recently restored, at the Abbaye Notre-Dame du Bec or Bec Abbey, a Benedictine monastery founded 1034 by Saint Herluin, in Le Bec Hellouin, Eure, Normandy, France. The abbey church was built in the 14th century, the Tour Saint-Nicolas in the 15th century and the current complex contains a 17th century chapter house and cloister and 18th century Regency style convent buildings. The abbey is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0015.jpg
  • Effigy of Geoffroy Fae, bishop of Evreux, 14th century, in the abbey church, originally the 17th century Mauric refectory, recently restored, at the Abbaye Notre-Dame du Bec or Bec Abbey, a Benedictine monastery founded 1034 by Saint Herluin, in Le Bec Hellouin, Eure, Normandy, France. The abbey church was built in the 14th century, the Tour Saint-Nicolas in the 15th century and the current complex contains a 17th century chapter house and cloister and 18th century Regency style convent buildings. The abbey is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0014.jpg
  • Statue of Notre-Dame du Bec or Our Lady of Bec, detail, 14th century, in the abbey church, originally the 17th century Mauric refectory, recently restored, at the Abbaye Notre-Dame du Bec or Bec Abbey, a Benedictine monastery founded 1034 by Saint Herluin, in Le Bec Hellouin, Eure, Normandy, France. The abbey church was built in the 14th century, the Tour Saint-Nicolas in the 15th century and the current complex contains a 17th century chapter house and cloister and 18th century Regency style convent buildings. The abbey is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0013.jpg
  • Statue of St Augustine, 15th century, in the abbey church, originally the 17th century Mauric refectory, recently restored, at the Abbaye Notre-Dame du Bec or Bec Abbey, a Benedictine monastery founded 1034 by Saint Herluin, in Le Bec Hellouin, Eure, Normandy, France. The abbey church was built in the 14th century, the Tour Saint-Nicolas in the 15th century and the current complex contains a 17th century chapter house and cloister and 18th century Regency style convent buildings. The abbey is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0009.jpg
  • Underground quarry and cellars, 13th century, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. From the 11th century, limestone was extracted from under the castle to create underground rooms, which were reinforced in the 12th and 13th centuries, as seen here. By the 16th century, the underground rooms had 2 levels and accessed the dry moat. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC243.jpg
  • Underground quarry and cellars, 13th century, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. From the 11th century, limestone was extracted from under the castle to create underground rooms, which were reinforced in the 12th and 13th centuries. By the 16th century, the underground rooms had 2 levels and accessed the dry moat. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC244.jpg
  • Underground quarry and cellars, 13th century, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. From the 11th century, limestone was extracted from under the castle to create underground rooms, which were reinforced in the 12th and 13th centuries, as seen here. By the 16th century, the underground rooms had 2 levels and accessed the dry moat. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC245.jpg
  • Baroque facade of the Santa Maria Cathedral or Cathedral of St Mary of Girona, in Girona, situated at the confluence of the rivers Ter, Onyar, Galligants and Guell, Catalonia, Spain. Here we see the Baroque facade, begun in 1606 and completed in 1961, with its sculptures decorating the 3 orders of the facade made by local sculptors in the 1960s, and the new octagonal bell tower, begun in 1590 and completed in the 18th century, which houses 6 bells. A staircase of 90 steps dating to 1607 leads up to this entrance. The cathedral was begun in the 11th century in Romanesque style, and later continued in the 14th century in Catalan Gothic style, redesigned by Pere Sacoma in 1312 and built by the school of Mallorcan architect Jaume Fabre. Of the original Romanesque building only the 12th century cloister and a bell tower remain. The cathedral was completed in the 18th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN13_MC064.jpg
  • The Vienna bedroom on the first floor of the square keep, 12th - 13th century, in the Chateau de Chateauneuf, or Chateauneuf-en-Auxois, a 12th and 15th century castle, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The terracotta floor tiles date to the 15th century, and the wooden panelled and painted alcove with wardrobe and washroom were installed by Charles I in the late 17th century. The decor of gypsum plaster imitating marble is 18th century. The portraits are of Charles I of Vienna and his wife Marguerite Fauche of Domprei. Originally built in 1132 by Jean de Chaudenay, the castle was modified from a medieval fortress to a residence from 1457 under Philippe le Bon, Duc de Bourgogne, or Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, who gave the castle to his advisor Philippe Pot. The castle sits on an outcrop overlooking the valley of the Canal de Bourgogne and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0304.jpg
  • Well, 3m across and 54m deep, in the underground quarry and cellars, 11th - 16th centuries, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. From the 11th century, limestone was extracted from under the castle to create underground rooms, which were reinforced in the 12th and 13th centuries. By the 16th century, the underground rooms had 2 levels and accessed the dry moat. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC242.jpg
  • Entrance to the quarry and cellars, 11th - 16th centuries, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. From the 11th century, limestone was extracted from under the castle to create underground rooms, which were reinforced in the 12th and 13th centuries. By the 16th century, the underground rooms had 2 levels and accessed the dry moat. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC334.jpg
  • Wall of the Thibaud Grande Poterie or pottery works, 13th century (left), and the supporting wall of the 15th century drawbridge (centre), with the moat behind, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC171.jpg
  • The Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), seen through the trees from the Porte Saint Jean or St John's Gate, 13th century, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC342.jpg
  • Portrait of Talleyrand by Julien-Leopold Boilly, 1796–1874, after Jean-Baptiste Isabey, 1767–1855, in the Salon Empire, a living room decorated in early 19th century Empire style, in the Chateau de Chalais, in Chalais, Charente, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. The castle was built, between the Aude and Viveronne rivers, in the 11th century, destroyed during the Hundred Years War in the 15th century, and rebuilt in the 16th century. It was the home of the Talleyrand-Perigord family, princes of Chalais from the 14th century to 1883. The chateau is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0269.jpg
  • Portrait of Talleyrand and gilded bronze sculpture of a charioteer in a chariot, gift of Napoleon to Joaquim Murat, in the Salon Empire, a living room decorated in early 19th century Empire style, in the Chateau de Chalais, in Chalais, Charente, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. The castle was built, between the Aude and Viveronne rivers, in the 11th century, destroyed during the Hundred Years War in the 15th century, and rebuilt in the 16th century. It was the home of the Talleyrand-Perigord family, princes of Chalais from the 14th century to 1883. The chateau is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0270.jpg
  • West Theatre, Roman, 2nd century AD, Umm Qais, Irbid, Jordan, surrounded by Ottoman period village of Umm Qais, built late 19th - early 20th century with stones from site of Gadara. The site was founded in the 4th century BC as Gadara, a Hellenistic town, which was developed by the Romans and later by Christians from the 4th century. It was destroyed by earthquakes in the 8th century and the ruins discovered in 1806. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC285.jpg
  • Tour de Boissy, first floor, built late 13th - early 14th century with rib vaulted ceiling, giving access to the logis royaux from the 15th century, at the Chateau de Chinon or Forteresse royale de Chinon, on the Vienne river, Indre-et-Loire, France. The chateau was founded in the 11th century by Theobald I, count of Blois. King Henry II of England lived and died here in the 12th century and the chateau has been out of use since the late 16th century. It is listed as a historic monument and part of the Loire Valley UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1332.jpg
  • Cour d'Honneur, or main courtyard, with (left) south east wing, early 16th century, with its round tower and (right) west wing culminating in the 13th century Square Tower or keep, at the Chateau de Maintenon, built 13th - 18th century, and from 1674, residence of Madame de Maintenon, 1635-1719, second wife of King Louis XIV, at Maintenon, Eure-et-Loir, France. The facades of the main courtyard were changed in the 19th century by the Duke Paul de Noailles and his architect Henri Parent. In the distance is the parterre, designed by Andre Le Notre, and the Aqueduc de Maintenon, an unfinished aqueduct built 1686-89 by Vauban, part of a project to supply water in the Canal de l'Eure or Canal de Louis XIV, across the Eure valley to the Chateau de Versailles. The castle is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0191.jpg
  • Tapestry of Artemis, made in the Felletin workshops, 17th century, in the Galerie, in the Chateau de Chalais, in Chalais, Charente, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. The castle was built, between the Aude and Viveronne rivers, in the 11th century, destroyed during the Hundred Years War in the 15th century, and rebuilt in the 16th century. It was the home of the Talleyrand-Perigord family, princes of Chalais from the 14th century to 1883. The chateau is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0259.jpg
  • Le Cabinet Peint, panelled room covered with 17th century Italian paintings of flowers, garlands, baskets and fruit, in the Chateau de Chalais, in Chalais, Charente, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. The castle was built, between the Aude and Viveronne rivers, in the 11th century, destroyed during the Hundred Years War in the 15th century, and rebuilt in the 16th century. It was the home of the Talleyrand-Perigord family, princes of Chalais from the 14th century to 1883. The chateau is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0262.jpg
  • King Louis XVI as a woman holding plants and flowers, detail from Le Cabinet Peint, a panelled room covered with 17th century Italian paintings, in the Chateau de Chalais, in Chalais, Charente, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. The castle was built, between the Aude and Viveronne rivers, in the 11th century, destroyed during the Hundred Years War in the 15th century, and rebuilt in the 16th century. It was the home of the Talleyrand-Perigord family, princes of Chalais from the 14th century to 1883. The chateau is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0264.jpg
  • Salon Empire, a living room decorated in early 19th century Empire style, with mahogany furniture and framed works of art, in the Chateau de Chalais, in Chalais, Charente, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. The castle was built, between the Aude and Viveronne rivers, in the 11th century, destroyed during the Hundred Years War in the 15th century, and rebuilt in the 16th century. It was the home of the Talleyrand-Perigord family, princes of Chalais from the 14th century to 1883. The chateau is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0265.jpg
  • Virgen del Pilar, in a baroque altarpiece, 18th century, in the Capilla del Pilar, the largest side chapel, dedicated to the Virgen del Pilar, in the Catedral del Salvador de Albarracin, 16th century, in the medieval town of Albarracin, Teruel, Aragon, Spain. The statue of the Virgin at the pillar is an earlier 17th century statue. She is flanked her her parents, St Joachim and St Anne. Albarracin was founded as a Moorish town in the 11th century and became an independent lordship until the 13th century. The town is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_SPAIN_MC198.jpg
  • Medieval clock, 14th -15th century, probably the oldest fully preserved and functioning mechanical clock in Europe, near the North entrance of the Cathedrale Saint-Pierre de Beauvais or Cathedral of St Peter of Beauvais, an incomplete Gothic Roman Catholic cathedral consecrated in 1272, Beauvais, Oise, Picardy, France. Painted angels from the 15th century support the clock face which was replaced in the 18th century. The cathedral consists only of a transept built in the 16th century and choir, with apse and 7 polygonal apsidal chapels from the 13th century. It was listed as a historic monument in 1840. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0613.jpg
  • Nave, choir and transept of the Eglise Saint-Martin d'Angers, a collegiate Carolingian church, Angers, Maine-et-Loire, France. The main nave is 11th century Romanesque, the large brick arches to the sides are 10th century and the choir was extended in the 12th century in Gothic style. The medieval church was expanded many times and the transept was expanded under King Rene in the 15th century. The church is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0452.jpg
  • Nave, choir and transept of the Eglise Saint-Martin d'Angers, a collegiate Carolingian church, Angers, Maine-et-Loire, France. The main nave is 11th century Romanesque, the large brick arches to the sides are 10th century and the choir was extended in the 12th century in Gothic style. The medieval church was expanded many times and the transept was expanded under King Rene in the 15th century. The church is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0661.jpg
  • Chapel, 17th century, in the Chateau de Chalais, in Chalais, Charente, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France. The castle was built, between the Aude and Viveronne rivers, in the 11th century, destroyed during the Hundred Years War in the 15th century, and rebuilt in the 16th century. It was the home of the Talleyrand-Perigord family, princes of Chalais from the 14th century to 1883. The chateau is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0315.jpg
  • Hydraulic pumping system, 19th century, at a well in a 13th century underground tunnel, pumping the saline water up from the layer of rock salt 250m below ground, in the Museum of Salt or Musee du Sel, designed by architects Malcotti-Roussey and opened May 2009, in the Great Saltworks at Salins-les-Bains, Jura, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. 15th century saltworks were replaced by industrial buildings in the 18th century, where saline water was pumped from underground wells and evaporated to form salt. Saline water was also piped from here from 1780 until 1895 through 21km of wood then cast iron pipes to the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale at Arc-et-Senans to be processed. The saltworks at Salins-les-Bains ceased production in 1962 and are now listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0946.jpg
  • The Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC168.jpg
  • The Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC181.jpg
  • Toothpick set made from bone, 15th - 17th centuries, from the 1998 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC323.jpg
  • Toothpick set made from bone, 15th - 17th centuries, from the 1998 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC324.jpg
  • Silver retablo mayor or altarpiece, 14th century, in the apse of Santa Maria Cathedral or Cathedral of St Mary of Girona, in the town of Girona, at the confluence of the rivers Ter, Onyar, Galligants and Guell, Catalonia, Spain. The polygonal apse  with its stained glass windows is separated from the nave by a wall holding 3 rose windows above Gothic arches. Its 10 trapezoidal ribs form 10 small radiating chapels, seen here. Behind the altarpiece is a stone double staircase leading to a stone carved seat. The nave, at 22m, is the widest nave in the world and is cross vaulted. The cathedral was begun in the 11th century in Romanesque style, and later continued in the 14th century in Catalan Gothic style, redesigned by Pere Sacoma in 1312 and built by the school of Mallorcan architect Jaume Fabre. Of the original Romanesque building only the 12th century cloister and a bell tower remain. The cathedral was completed in the 18th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN13_MC044.jpg
  • Detail of small minaret, late 19th century - early 20th century, summer mosque, Rukhabad Mausoleum, 14th century, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, pictured on July , 2010, at sunrise. The decoration bears influence of Eastern-Turkistan or Chinese traditions. Samarkand, a city on the Silk Road, founded as Afrosiab in the 7th century BC, is a meeting point for the world's cultures. Its most important development was in the Timurid period, 14th to 15th centuries. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC138.jpg
  • The Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC169.jpg
  • Chimney on the upper part of the Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), on a misty day at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC170.jpg
  • Ruined section of the Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC179.jpg
  • The Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC180.jpg
  • Ramparts and the 12th century Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC182.jpg
  • Ruined section of the Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC196.jpg
  • The Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC220.JPG
  • Cannon slit in the ramparts under the Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (most of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC222.JPG
  • Toothpick set made from bone, 15th - 17th centuries, from the 1998 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC325.jpg
  • Sculpted capital from the Romanesque cloister representing seated stone masons at work and a seated man on the left, possibly a bishop, 11th century, Santa Maria Cathedral or Cathedral of St Mary of Girona, in the town of Girona, at the confluence of the rivers Ter, Onyar, Galligants and Guell, Catalonia, Spain. The colonnade of the cloister is made of Romanesque arches supported by double columns with over 70 capitals carved with fantastic creatures and vegetal motifs. Master craftsmen were brought in from the Roussillon and Italy to carve the capitals, inspired by medieval illuminated manuscripts. The surrounding galleries are home to tombs of rich members of the monastery, dating to the 14th - 18th centuries. The cathedral was begun in the 11th century in Romanesque style, and later continued in the 14th century in Catalan Gothic style, redesigned by Pere Sacoma in 1312 and built by the school of Mallorcan architect Jaume Fabre. Of the original Romanesque building only the 12th century cloister and a bell tower remain. The cathedral was completed in the 18th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN13_MC050.jpg
  • Sculpted capital from the Romanesque cloister representing a man pouring a liquid, possibly water, from a jar, 11th century, Santa Maria Cathedral or Cathedral of St Mary of Girona, in the town of Girona, at the confluence of the rivers Ter, Onyar, Galligants and Guell, Catalonia, Spain. The colonnade of the cloister is made of Romanesque arches supported by double columns with over 70 capitals carved with fantastic creatures and vegetal motifs. Master craftsmen were brought in from the Roussillon and Italy to carve the capitals, inspired by medieval illuminated manuscripts. The surrounding galleries are home to tombs of rich members of the monastery, dating to the 14th - 18th centuries. The cathedral was begun in the 11th century in Romanesque style, and later continued in the 14th century in Catalan Gothic style, redesigned by Pere Sacoma in 1312 and built by the school of Mallorcan architect Jaume Fabre. Of the original Romanesque building only the 12th century cloister and a bell tower remain. The cathedral was completed in the 18th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN13_MC062.jpg
  • Santa Maria Cathedral or Cathedral of St Mary of Girona, Eiffel bridge and houses overlooking the river Onyar in the town of Girona, at the confluence of the rivers Ter, Onyar, Galligants and Guell, Catalonia, Spain. The cathedral was begun in the 11th century in Romanesque style, and later continued in the 14th century in Catalan Gothic style, redesigned by Pere Sacoma in 1312 and built by the school of Mallorcan architect Jaume Fabre. Of the original Romanesque building only the 12th century cloister and a bell tower remain. The cathedral was completed in the 18th century. Here we see the Baroque facade and new octagonal bell tower, begun in 1590 and completed in the 18th century, which houses 6 bells. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN13_MC060.jpg
  • Santa Maria Cathedral or Cathedral of St Mary of Girona, Eiffel bridge and houses overlooking the river Onyar in the town of Girona, at the confluence of the rivers Ter, Onyar, Galligants and Guell, Catalonia, Spain. The cathedral was begun in the 11th century in Romanesque style, and later continued in the 14th century in Catalan Gothic style, redesigned by Pere Sacoma in 1312 and built by the school of Mallorcan architect Jaume Fabre. Of the original Romanesque building only the 12th century cloister and a bell tower remain. The cathedral was completed in the 18th century. Here we see the Baroque facade and new octagonal bell tower, begun in 1590 and completed in the 18th century, which houses 6 bells. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN13_MC061.JPG
  • Santa Maria Cathedral or Cathedral of St Mary of Girona towering over houses in the town of Girona, at the confluence of the rivers Ter, Onyar, Galligants and Guell, Catalonia, Spain. The cathedral was begun in the 11th century in Romanesque style, and later continued in the 14th century in Catalan Gothic style, redesigned by Pere Sacoma in 1312 and built by the school of Mallorcan architect Jaume Fabre. Of the original Romanesque building only the 12th century cloister and a bell tower remain. The cathedral was completed in the 18th century. Here we see the Baroque facade and new octagonal bell tower, begun in 1590 and completed in the 18th century, which houses 6 bells. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN13_MC065.jpg
  • Panoramic View of the North West City Walls, 11th-14th century, Avila, Spain, with Cathedral, 11th-15th century, in the distance. Avila has superbly preserved walls built as fortifications against the Moors, an ancient cathedral, Romanesque churches, and is a pilgrimage destination due to its association with Carmelite nun St Teresa (1515-82), canonized 1622. The Old Town has been designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Photograph by Manuel Cohen.
    LCSPAIN11_MC350.jpg
  • Nave, 12th-13th century, Bayeux Cathedral (Notre Dame de Bayeux), 11th-19th century, Bayeux, France. The arcaded lower levels of the nave are Romanesque, 12th century, the Upper tiers are 13th century Gothic. The Romanesque section of the Cathedral, dedicated 1077, was reconstructed in the 12th century. Here William forced Harold to take the oath which led to the Norman Conquest of England. Gothic and Neo-Gothic sections were added until the 19th century. Photograph by Manuel Cohen.
    LC12_FRANCE_MC_099.jpg
  • Casa de la Quimica (Chemistry house), 18th century, possibly by Sabatini, left, and Great Tower of John II, Alcazar, 12-16th centuries, right, Segovia, Castile and Leon, Spain. The current Alcazar was begun by King Alfonso VIII (1155-1214) and his wife Eleanor of England (1162-1214), and rebuilt 1258. Juan (John) II (1405-54) added the great Tower. The House of Chemistry, formerly a College of Chemistry now houses the Military Archives. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN11_MC210.jpg
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