manuel cohen

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  • Battlements with cannons looking across the bay, on St Michael's Mount, a tidal island in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England, the site of a 12th century Benedictine monastery and 14th century castle. These cannons drove a Napoleonic ship to its capture on Marazion beach. The island is managed by the National Trust but owned by the St Aubyn family. According to legend, the Mount is the site of a battle between King Arthur and a giant. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ENGLAND_MC_057.jpg
  • An archer on the battlements, on the monumental fireplace called 'Les Jeux de la Guerre' or 'War games', with foliage and animals on the bottom of the lintel, crenelated battlements with figures defending a fortress or perhaps burghers defending a town above and 2 windows with fine ladies watching the spectacle of the siege, in the Palais Jacques Coeur, huge manor house built 1443-51 in Flamboyant Gothic style, on the Place Jacques Coeur, Bourges, France. On the banister above are carved symbols of shells (coquilles Saint-Jacques) and hearts (coeurs), representing the name Jacques Coeur. Jacques Coeur, 1395-1456, was a wealthy merchant and was made master of the mint to King Charles VII in 1438. The building is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0272.jpg
  • 2 ladies watching the siege from a window and an archer in the battlements below, on the monumental fireplace called 'Les Jeux de la Guerre' or 'War games', with foliage and animals on the bottom of the lintel, crenelated battlements with figures defending a fortress or perhaps burghers defending a town above and 2 windows with fine ladies watching the spectacle of the siege, in the Palais Jacques Coeur, huge manor house built 1443-51 in Flamboyant Gothic style, on the Place Jacques Coeur, Bourges, France. Jacques Coeur, 1395-1456, was a wealthy merchant and was made master of the mint to King Charles VII in 1438. The building is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0302.jpg
  • Figures on the battlements with weapons and heavy objects to throw down, on the monumental fireplace called 'Les Jeux de la Guerre' or 'War games', with foliage and animals on the bottom of the lintel, crenelated battlements with figures defending a fortress or perhaps burghers defending a town above and 2 windows with fine ladies watching the spectacle of the siege, in the Palais Jacques Coeur, huge manor house built 1443-51 in Flamboyant Gothic style, on the Place Jacques Coeur, Bourges, France. Jacques Coeur, 1395-1456, was a wealthy merchant and was made master of the mint to King Charles VII in 1438. The building is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0301.jpg
  • Figure on the battlements throwing rocks on the enemy, on the monumental fireplace called 'Les Jeux de la Guerre' or 'War games', with foliage and animals on the bottom of the lintel, crenelated battlements with figures defending a fortress or perhaps burghers defending a town above and 2 windows with fine ladies watching the spectacle of the siege, in the Palais Jacques Coeur, huge manor house built 1443-51 in Flamboyant Gothic style, on the Place Jacques Coeur, Bourges, France. Jacques Coeur, 1395-1456, was a wealthy merchant and was made master of the mint to King Charles VII in 1438. The building is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0273.jpg
  • Figures on the battlements with weapons of a spear, an axe and a bow and arrow, on the monumental fireplace called 'Les Jeux de la Guerre' or 'War games', with foliage and animals on the bottom of the lintel, crenelated battlements with figures defending a fortress or perhaps burghers defending a town above and 2 windows with fine ladies watching the spectacle of the siege, in the Palais Jacques Coeur, huge manor house built 1443-51 in Flamboyant Gothic style, on the Place Jacques Coeur, Bourges, France. Jacques Coeur, 1395-1456, was a wealthy merchant and was made master of the mint to King Charles VII in 1438. The building is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0271.jpg
  • Corner tower with battlements at Malahide Castle, originally built in the 12th century by the Talbot family, and home to them for almost 800 years, near Malahide in County Dublin, Ireland. The building was enlarged in the 15th century, and the towers added 1600-1650. The castle is situated in a 260 acre estate, the Malahide Demesne Regional Park, and is home to the Talbot Botanical Gardens. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_Ireland_MC_018.jpg
  • Carved battlements with ladies, guards and a jester on the fireplace in the Salle du Banquet, or banqueting hall, in the Chateau de Langeais, a Renaissance castle built 1465-69 by king Louis XI, on the river Loire in Langeais, Indre-et-Loire, France. Originally built in the 10th century by Foulques Nerra, it was rebuilt in the 15th century by Jean Bourre and Jean Briconnet. The chateau is listed as a historic monument and forms part of the Loire Valley UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1375.jpg
  • The Porte Chaussee or Causeway Tower, built 1380 in Gothic style, on the banks of the river Meuse, Verdun, Meuse, Lorraine, France. The tower formed part of the defensive ramparts of Verdun, with 2 circular towers with crenellated battlements. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_VERDUN_MC024.jpg
  • Monumental fireplace called 'Les Jeux de la Guerre' or 'War games', with foliage and animals on the bottom of the lintel, crenelated battlements with figures defending a fortress or perhaps burghers defending a town above and 2 windows with fine ladies watching the spectacle of the siege, in the Palais Jacques Coeur, huge manor house built 1443-51 in Flamboyant Gothic style, on the Place Jacques Coeur, Bourges, France. Jacques Coeur, 1395-1456, was a wealthy merchant and was made master of the mint to King Charles VII in 1438. The building is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0275.jpg
  • Duomo or cathedral of Taormina, 18th century, in the Piazza del Duomo in Taormina, Messina, Sicily, Italy. The church was originally built in the 13th century, then rebuilt in the 15th, 16th and 18th centuries. It is dedicated to St Nicholas and is topped with battlements. The main door was rebuilt in 1636 and is flanked by corinthian columns and topped by a broken pediment and marble plaque. Taormina is a popular tourist destination on the Calabrian coast of Sicily, and also has the ruins of an ancient Greek settlement. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_384.jpg
  • Soldiers on the battlements, detail from the Quo Vadis scene of St Paul on his way to Damascus, represented by the foliage walls and city gate, Romanesque relief, late 12th century, in the south gallery of the Cloitre d'Elne, built 12th - 14th centuries, at the Cathedrale Sainte-Eulalie-et-Sainte-Julie d'Elne, an 11th century catalan Romanesque cathedral in Elne, Pyrenees-Orientales, Catalogne du Nord, France. Scenes from the life of Peter and Paul are depicted in the cloister as the bishop was successor to the apostles. The cloister was originally the residence of the cathedral's canons, and features Romanesque and Gothic sculptures and capitals, depicting biblical figures, animals and plants. The cathedral and its cloister are listed as historic monuments. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0618.jpg
  • Remains of the battlemented curtain wall, built 1240-60, which surrounded the island courtyard of Tintagel Castle, built by Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall in the 13th century, Tintagel Island, Cornwall, England. The ruined castle is linked with Arthurian Legend, as Geoffrey of Monmouth cited it as the place of conception of King Arthur in his 12th century book, History of the Kings of England. The site is managed by English Heritage. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ENGLAND_MC_093.jpg
  • Remains of the battlemented curtain wall, built 1240-60, which surrounded the island courtyard of Tintagel Castle, built by Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall in the 13th century, Tintagel Island, Cornwall, England. The ruined castle is linked with Arthurian Legend, as Geoffrey of Monmouth cited it as the place of conception of King Arthur in his 12th century book, History of the Kings of England. The site is managed by English Heritage. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ENGLAND_MC_096.jpg
  • Remains of the battlemented curtain wall, built 1240-60, which surrounded the island courtyard of Tintagel Castle, built by Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall in the 13th century, Tintagel Island, Cornwall, England. The ruined castle is linked with Arthurian Legend, as Geoffrey of Monmouth cited it as the place of conception of King Arthur in his 12th century book, History of the Kings of England. The site is managed by English Heritage. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ENGLAND_MC_095.jpg
  • Remains of the battlemented curtain wall, built 1240-60, which surrounded the island courtyard of Tintagel Castle, built by Richard, 1st Earl of Cornwall in the 13th century, Tintagel Island, Cornwall, England. The ruined castle is linked with Arthurian Legend, as Geoffrey of Monmouth cited it as the place of conception of King Arthur in his 12th century book, History of the Kings of England. The site is managed by English Heritage. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ENGLAND_MC_097.jpg
  • Stone minbar, Krak des Chevaliers, Qala'at al Husn, Homs Gap, Syria. Krak des Chevalliers was originally built in 1031 for amir of Aleppo, occupied by Crusader Tancred of Galilee in 1110, and given in 1144 to Knights Hospitaller, who rebuilt it as the largest Crusader castle in the Levant. Finally it was recaptured in 1271 and further modified by Mamluk Sultan Baybars who converted the chapel into a mosque with the minbar seen on the photograph
    LCSYRIA05106.JPG
  • Qala'at ibn Maan, Arab citadel built 12th century and restored 17th century, Palmyra, Syria. Named after Fakhr al-Din ibn Maan, 17th century Lebanese warlord who resisted the Ottomans
    LCSYRIA05019.JPG
  • Krak des Chevaliers, Qala'at al-Husn, Homs Gap, Syria. Krak des Chevalliers was originally built in 1031 for amir of Aleppo, occupied by Crusader Tancred of Galilee in 1110, and given in 1144 to Knights Hospitaller, who rebuilt it as the largest Crusader castle in the Levant. Finally it was recaptured in 1271 and further modified by Mamluk Sultan Baybars
    LCSYRIA05112.jpg
  • The Entrance Tower to the outer gateway of the Citadel, Aleppo, Syria. Standing on a mound covered in limestone blocks the Citadel is at the heart of Aleppo. Beneath it archaeological remains dating back as far as the 9th century BC have been discovered. Sayf al-Dawla (944-967), the first Hamdanid ruler of Aleppo, built the fortress and used the citadel as a military center. Zangid ruler Nur al-Din (1147-1174) fortified the citadel and added some structures. But during the Ayyubid period and the reign of the Sultan al-Zahir al-Ghazi of Aleppo (1186-1216), the Citadel went through major reconstruction, fortification and addition of new structures that create the complex of the Citadel in its current form.
    LCSYRIA05086.jpg
  • Guard tower, Krak des Chevaliers, Qala'at al-Husn, Homs Gap, Syria. The guard towers are 8-10 metres thick, in total there is 7 towers around the castle. Krak des Chevalliers was originally built in 1031 for amir of Aleppo, occupied by Crusader Tancred of Galilee in 1110, and given in 1144 to Knights Hospitaller, who rebuilt it as the largest Crusader castle in the Levant. Finally it was recaptured in 1271 and further modified by Mamluk Sultan Baybars
    LCSYRIA05110.jpg
  • Krak des Chevaliers, Qala'at al-Husn, Homs Gap, Syria. Krak des Chevalliers was originally built in 1031 for amir of Aleppo, occupied by Crusader Tancred of Galilee in 1110, and given in 1144 to Knights Hospitaller, who rebuilt it as the largest Crusader castle in the Levant. Finally it was recaptured in 1271 and further modified by Mamluk Sultan Baybars
    LCSYRIA05101.jpg
  • Western fortified wall of the Citadel, Aleppo, Syria. Standing on a mound covered in limestone blocks the Citadel is at the heart of Aleppo. Beneath it archaeological remains dating back as far as the 9th century BC have been discovered. Sayf al-Dawla (944-967), the first Hamdanid ruler of Aleppo, built the fortress and used the citadel as a military center. Zangid ruler Nur al-Din (1147-1174) fortified the citadel and added some structures. But during the Ayyubid period and the reign of the Sultan al-Zahir al-Ghazi of Aleppo (1186-1216), the Citadel went through major reconstruction, fortification and addition of new structures that create the complex of the Citadel in its current form.
    LCSYRIA05090.jpg
  • Krak des Chevaliers, Qala'at al-Husn, Homs Gap, Syria. Krak des Chevalliers was originally built in 1031 for amir of Aleppo, occupied by Crusader Tancred of Galilee in 1110, and given in 1144 to Knights Hospitaller, who rebuilt it as the largest Crusader castle in the Levant. Finally it was recaptured in 1271 and further modified by Mamluk Sultan Baybars
    LCSYRIA05113.jpg
  • Krak des Chevaliers, Qala'at al-Husn, Homs Gap, Syria. Krak des Chevalliers was originally built in 1031 for amir of Aleppo, occupied by Crusader Tancred of Galilee in 1110, and given in 1144 to Knights Hospitaller, who rebuilt it as the largest Crusader castle in the Levant. Finally it was recaptured in 1271 and further modified by Mamluk Sultan Baybars
    LCSYRIA05111.jpg
  • Arches of the Gothic cloister and Chevaliers' Room, 13th century, Krak des Chevaliers, Qala'at al-Husn, Homs Gap, Syria. Krak des Chevalliers was originally built in 1031 for amir of Aleppo, occupied by Crusader Tancred of Galilee in 1110, and given in 1144 to Knights Hospitaller, who rebuilt it as the largest Crusader castle in the Levant. Finally it was recaptured in 1271 and further modified by Mamluk Sultan Baybars
    LCSYRIA05108.jpg
  • Stone minbar added when Mamluk Sultan Baybars converted the chapel into a mosque in 1271, Krak des Chevaliers, Qala'at al Husn, Crusader castle, 1110-1271, Homs Gap, Syria
    LCSYRIA05107.jpg
  • Gothic cloister and Chevaliers' Room, 13th century, Krak des Chevaliers, Qala'at al-Husn, Homs Gap, Syria. Krak des Chevalliers was originally built in 1031 for amir of Aleppo, occupied by Crusader Tancred of Galilee in 1110, and given in 1144 to Knights Hospitaller, who rebuilt it as the largest Crusader castle in the Levant. Finally it was recaptured in 1271 and further modified by Mamluk Sultan Baybars
    LCSYRIA05104.jpg
  • Stone epigraphic Arabic inscription over main doorway, Krak des Chevaliers, Qala'at al-Husn, Homs Gap, Syria. This Arabic epigraph records the victory of Mamluk Sultan Baybars against the Knights Hospitallers in 1271.
    LCSYRIA05102.jpg
  • The Entrance Tower to the outer gateway of the Citadel, Aleppo, Syria. Standing on a mound covered in limestone blocks the Citadel is at the heart of Aleppo. Beneath it archaeological remains dating back as far as the 9th century BC have been discovered. Sayf al-Dawla (944-967), the first Hamdanid ruler of Aleppo, built the fortress and used the citadel as a military center. Zangid ruler Nur al-Din (1147-1174) fortified the citadel and added some structures. But during the Ayyubid period and the reign of the Sultan al-Zahir al-Ghazi of Aleppo (1186-1216), the Citadel went through major reconstruction, fortification and addition of new structures that create the complex of the Citadel in its current form.
    LCSYRIA05088.JPG
  • Gothic cloister and Chevaliers' Room seen from the top, 13th century, Krak des Chevaliers, Qala'at al-Husn, Homs Gap, Syria. Krak des Chevalliers was originally built in 1031 for amir of Aleppo, occupied by Crusader Tancred of Galilee in 1110, and given in 1144 to Knights Hospitaller, who rebuilt it as the largest Crusader castle in the Levant. Finally it was recaptured in 1271 and further modified by Mamluk Sultan Baybars
    LCSYRIA05105.jpg
  • The Entrance Tower to the outer gateway of the Citadel, Aleppo, Syria. Standing on a mound covered in limestone blocks the Citadel is at the heart of Aleppo. Beneath it archaeological remains dating back as far as the 9th century BC have been discovered. Sayf al-Dawla (944-967), the first Hamdanid ruler of Aleppo, built the fortress and used the citadel as a military center. Zangid ruler Nur al-Din (1147-1174) fortified the citadel and added some structures. But during the Ayyubid period and the reign of the Sultan al-Zahir al-Ghazi of Aleppo (1186-1216), the Citadel went through major reconstruction, fortification and addition of new structures that create the complex of the Citadel in its current form.
    LCSYRIA05089.jpg
  • The Entrance Tower to the outer gateway of the Citadel, Aleppo, Syria. Standing on a mound covered in limestone blocks the Citadel is at the heart of Aleppo. Beneath it archaeological remains dating back as far as the 9th century BC have been discovered. Sayf al-Dawla (944-967), the first Hamdanid ruler of Aleppo, built the fortress and used the citadel as a military center. Zangid ruler Nur al-Din (1147-1174) fortified the citadel and added some structures. But during the Ayyubid period and the reign of the Sultan al-Zahir al-Ghazi of Aleppo (1186-1216), the Citadel went through major reconstruction, fortification and addition of new structures that create the complex of the Citadel in its current form.
    LCSYRIA05087.JPG
  • Gothic cloister and Chevaliers' Room, 13th century, Krak des Chevaliers, Qala'at al-Husn, Homs Gap, Syria. Krak des Chevalliers was originally built in 1031 for amir of Aleppo, occupied by Crusader Tancred of Galilee in 1110, and given in 1144 to Knights Hospitaller, who rebuilt it as the largest Crusader castle in the Levant. Finally it was recaptured in 1271 and further modified by Mamluk Sultan Baybars
    LCSYRIA05109.jpg
  • Palazzo Abatellis, designed by Matteo Carnelivari in Gothic-Catalan style, 15th century, on the Via Alloro in the Kalsa district of Palermo, Sicily, Italy. The palace was originally the home of Francesco Abatellis, port master of the Kingdom of Sicily, subsequently became a monastery and since 1954 has housed the Galleria Regionale della Sicilia, or Gallery of Art for the Sicilian region. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_483.jpg
  • Malahide Castle, originally built in the 12th century by the Talbot family, and home to them for almost 800 years, near Malahide in County Dublin, Ireland. The building was enlarged in the 15th century, and the towers added 1600-1650. The castle is situated in a 260 acre estate, the Malahide Demesne Regional Park, and is home to the Talbot Botanical Gardens. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_Ireland_MC_004.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: View of the remains of the outer wall and the keep of the Chateau Gaillard in a fog, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DFRANCE080480.jpg
  • Stone minbar added when Mamluk Sultan Baybars converted the chapel into a mosque in 1271, Krak des Chevaliers, Qala'at al Husn, Crusader castle, 1110-1271, Homs Gap, Syria Picture by Manuel Cohen
    asyria050184.jpg
  • Krak des Chevaliers, with inhabitants watching the knights leaving for the Battle of La Bocquee, 1163, fresco, late 12th century, on the north wall of the Templar Chapel at the Commanderie de Cressac or Commanderie du Dognon, at Le Temple, in Cressac-Saint-Genis, Charente, France. The chapel was built 1150-60 by the Templars on the Santiago de Compostela pilgrimage route and was originally part of a commandery, providing funds to support the Knights Hospitallers in the crusades in the Holy Land. The chapel is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0702.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: View of the remains of the advanced fortification of the Chateau Gaillard, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852.  (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DFRANCE080471.jpg
  • Stone minbar added when Mamluk Sultan Baybars converted the chapel into a mosque in 1271, Krak des Chevaliers, Qala'at al Husn, Crusader castle, 1110-1271, Homs Gap, Syria Picture by Manuel Cohen
    asyria050185.jpg
  • Krak des Chevaliers, Qala'at al-Husn, originally built 1031 for amir of Aleppo, occupied by Crusader Tancred of Galilee in 1110, and given in 1144 to Knights Hospitaller, who rebuilt it as the largest Crusader castle in the Levant. Finally recaptured in 1271 and further modified by Mamluk Sultan Baybars, Homs Gap, Syria Picture by Manuel Cohen
    asyria050170.jpg
  • Rome's city gate resembling a Roussillon Romanesque church, and a soldier sounding the horn, detail from Quo Vadis scene of St Peter fleeing Rome and Christ appearing and blessing him, Romanesque relief, late 12th century, in the south gallery of the Cloitre d'Elne, built 12th - 14th centuries, at the Cathedrale Sainte-Eulalie-et-Sainte-Julie d'Elne, an 11th century catalan Romanesque cathedral in Elne, Pyrenees-Orientales, Catalogne du Nord, France. Scenes from the life of Peter and Paul are depicted in the cloister as the bishop was successor to the apostles. The cloister was originally the residence of the cathedral's canons, and features Romanesque and Gothic sculptures and capitals, depicting biblical figures, animals and plants. The cathedral and its cloister are listed as historic monuments. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0615.jpg
  • Krak des Chevaliers, with inhabitants watching the knights leaving for the Battle of La Bocquee, 1163, fresco, late 12th century, on the north wall of the Templar Chapel at the Commanderie de Cressac or Commanderie du Dognon, at Le Temple, in Cressac-Saint-Genis, Charente, France. The chapel was built 1150-60 by the Templars on the Santiago de Compostela pilgrimage route and was originally part of a commandery, providing funds to support the Knights Hospitallers in the crusades in the Holy Land. The chapel is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0725.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: Aerial view of the hill and ruins of the Chateau Gaillard with far reaching views over the Seine, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DFRANCE080447.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: Mullioned windows with stones seats in the Governor's manor of the Chateau Gaillard, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DFRANCE080435.jpg
  • Stone minbar added when Mamluk Sultan Baybars converted the chapel into a mosque in 1271, Krak des Chevaliers, Qala'at al Husn, Crusader castle, 1110-1271, Homs Gap, Syria Picture by Manuel Cohen
    asyria050182.jpg
  • Interior vaulting of the central keep, Krak des Chevaliers, Qala'at al-Husn, Crusader castle, 1110-1271, Homs Gap, Syria Picture by Manuel Cohen
    asyria050181.jpg
  • Krak des Chevaliers, Qala'at al-Husn, originally built 1031 for amir of Aleppo, occupied by Crusader Tancred of Galilee in 1110, and given in 1144 to Knights Hospitaller, who rebuilt it as the largest Crusader castle in the Levant. Finally recaptured in 1271 and further modified by Mamluk Sultan Baybars, Homs Gap, Syria Picture by Manuel Cohen
    asyria050173.jpg
  • Fortified citadel, begun by Sayf al-Dawla, 944-967 AD, first Hamdanid ruler, completed during reign of Ayyubid Sultan al-Zahir al-Ghazi, 1186?1216, Aleppo, Syria Picture by Manuel Cohen
    asyria050133.jpg
  • Krak des Chevaliers, with inhabitants watching the knights leaving for the Battle of La Bocquee, 1163, fresco, late 12th century, on the north wall of the Templar Chapel at the Commanderie de Cressac or Commanderie du Dognon, at Le Temple, in Cressac-Saint-Genis, Charente, France. The chapel was built 1150-60 by the Templars on the Santiago de Compostela pilgrimage route and was originally part of a commandery, providing funds to support the Knights Hospitallers in the crusades in the Holy Land. The chapel is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0701.jpg
  • People defending the city gates, detail from Satan besieging the City, with the dragon leaving the Leviathan with his army and fire raining down on Satan from heaven, detail of the sixth piece depicting the New Jerusalem, from the Tenture de l'Apocalypse or Apocalypse Tapestry, made 1373-82 by Nicolas Bataille in the workshop of Robert Poincon after preparatory drawings by Hennequin de Bruges, in the Musee de la Tapisserie de l'Apocalypse, in the Chateau d'Angers, Angers, Maine-et-Loire, France. The tapestry was commissioned by Louis I duc d'Anjou and depicts the Apocalypse of John. It measures 140m and is divided into 6 pieces with 90 scenes. Although bequeathed to Angers Cathedral by King Rene in the 15th century, the tapestry was reconstructed and restored in the 19th century, listed as a historic monument and exhibited in the castle. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    Pano_CC_2433_CC_2434.jpg
  • Sabada castle, built in the 13th century, aerial view, in Sabada, Aragon, Spain. It is thought that Sancho VII of Navarre may have had the original castle built in the 12th century, which was then later rebuilt. This is a border castle between Aragon and Navarre, the border between the christian and muslim kingdoms in Spain. It has 7 square towers, an internal courtyard with a large rainwater tank and a Cistercian chapel of the Order of Malta, and 2 large halls. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_SPAIN_MC130.jpg
  • Malahide Castle, originally built in the 12th century by the Talbot family, and home to them for almost 800 years, near Malahide in County Dublin, Ireland. The building was enlarged in the 15th century, and the towers added 1600-1650. The castle is situated in a 260 acre estate, the Malahide Demesne Regional Park, and is home to the Talbot Botanical Gardens. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_Ireland_MC_009.jpg
  • Malahide Castle, originally built in the 12th century by the Talbot family, and home to them for almost 800 years, near Malahide in County Dublin, Ireland. The building was enlarged in the 15th century, and the towers added 1600-1650. The castle is situated in a 260 acre estate, the Malahide Demesne Regional Park, and is home to the Talbot Botanical Gardens. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_Ireland_MC_007.jpg
  • Malahide Castle, originally built in the 12th century by the Talbot family, and home to them for almost 800 years, near Malahide in County Dublin, Ireland. The building was enlarged in the 15th century, and the towers added 1600-1650. The castle is situated in a 260 acre estate, the Malahide Demesne Regional Park, and is home to the Talbot Botanical Gardens. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_Ireland_MC_008.jpg
  • Inside the Castillo de Bury Al-Hamma or Burgalimar Castle, an Arab fortress completed 968 AD by the Cordoban Umayyad Caliph Alhakam II, in Banos de la Encina, Jaen, Andalusia, Spain. The castle has 15 10m high square towers and crenellated walls made from tamped earth and mortar, with a high keep added later in the Christian era, and is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_SPAIN_MC109.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: View of the remains of the outer wall with the embossed ramparts of the Chateau Gaillard in a fog, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DFRANCE080469.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: View of the remains of the outer wall with the embossed ramparts of the Chateau Gaillard in a fog, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DFRANCE080466.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: Remains of the outer wall with the embossed ramparts of the Chateau Gaillard in a fog in the background, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852. (Photo by Manuel Cohen/)
    DFRANCE080460.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: Well with remains of the outer wall of the Chateau Gaillard in a fog, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DFRANCE080454.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: View of the arrow slits, cut out of thick walls of the Chateau Gaillard, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DFRANCE080441.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: Aerial view of embossed ramparts with the keep of the Chateau Gaillard, Seine in the background, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DFRANCE080433.jpg
  • Krak des Chevaliers, Qala'at al-Husn, originally built 1031 for amir of Aleppo, occupied by Crusader Tancred of Galilee in 1110, and given in 1144 to Knights Hospitaller, who rebuilt it as the largest Crusader castle in the Levant. Finally recaptured in 1271 and further modified by Mamluk Sultan Baybars, Homs Gap, Syria Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Citadel, begun by Sayf al-Dawla, 944-967 AD, first Hamdanid ruler, completed during reign of Ayyubid Sultan al-Zahir al-Ghazi, 1186?1216, Aleppo, Syria Picture by Manuel Cohen
    asyria050132.jpg
  • Citadel, begun by Sayf al-Dawla, 944-967 AD, first Hamdanid ruler, completed during reign of Ayyubid Sultan al-Zahir al-Ghazi, 1186?1216, night time, Aleppo, Syria Picture by Manuel Cohen
    asyria050130.jpg
  • Qala'at ibn Maan, Arab citadel built 12th century and restored 17th century, Palmyra, Syria. Named after Fakhr al-Din ibn Maan, 17th century Lebanese warlord who resisted the Ottomans Picture by Manuel Cohen
    asyria050014.jpg
  • The measuring of the New Jerusalem, with an angel giving a measuring stick to St John before the city, detail of the sixth piece depicting the New Jerusalem, from the Tenture de l'Apocalypse or Apocalypse Tapestry, made 1373-82 by Nicolas Bataille in the workshop of Robert Poincon after preparatory drawings by Hennequin de Bruges, in the Musee de la Tapisserie de l'Apocalypse, in the Chateau d'Angers, Angers, Maine-et-Loire, France. The helmet (centre) is known as a chapel de fer. The tapestry was commissioned by Louis I duc d'Anjou and depicts the Apocalypse of John. It measures 140m and is divided into 6 pieces with 90 scenes. Although bequeathed to Angers Cathedral by King Rene in the 15th century, the tapestry was reconstructed and restored in the 19th century, listed as a historic monument and exhibited in the castle. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0432.jpg
  • Sabada castle, built in the 13th century, aerial view, in Sabada, Aragon, Spain. It is thought that Sancho VII of Navarre may have had the original castle built in the 12th century, which was then later rebuilt. This is a border castle between Aragon and Navarre, the border between the christian and muslim kingdoms in Spain. It has 7 square towers, an internal courtyard with a large rainwater tank and a Cistercian chapel of the Order of Malta, and 2 large halls. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_SPAIN_MC129.jpg
  • Malahide Castle, originally built in the 12th century by the Talbot family, and home to them for almost 800 years, near Malahide in County Dublin, Ireland. The building was enlarged in the 15th century, and the towers added 1600-1650. The castle is situated in a 260 acre estate, the Malahide Demesne Regional Park, and is home to the Talbot Botanical Gardens. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_Ireland_MC_034.jpg
  • Inside the Castillo de Bury Al-Hamma or Burgalimar Castle, an Arab fortress completed 968 AD by the Cordoban Umayyad Caliph Alhakam II, in Banos de la Encina, Jaen, Andalusia, Spain. The castle has 15 10m high square towers and crenellated walls made from tamped earth and mortar, with a high keep added later in the Christian era, and is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_SPAIN_MC108.jpg
  • Detail of columns, capitals, foliage and crenellated turrets, from the monumental fireplace, destroyed in 1820 and reassembled in the 1930s, in the Salle des Festins or Hall of Feasts, in the Palais Jacques Coeur, huge manor house built 1443-51 in Flamboyant Gothic style, on the Place Jacques Coeur, Bourges, France. Jacques Coeur, 1395-1456, was a wealthy merchant and was made master of the mint to King Charles VII in 1438. The building is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0281.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: View of the remains of the outer wall, the embossed ramparts and the keep of the Chateau Gaillard in a fog, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DFRANCE080478.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: View from the top of the embossed ramparts and the keep of the Chateau Gaillard in a fog, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DFRANCE080473.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: View of the remains of the outer wall with the embossed ramparts of the Chateau Gaillard in a fog, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DFRANCE080465.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: Detail of the embossed rampart of the Chateau Gaillard in a fog, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DFRANCE080456.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: View of the embossed ramparts, one of the innovations of the Chateau Gaillard, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DFRANCE080442.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: View of the inner side of the keep of the Chateau Gaillard, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DFRANCE080440.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: Low angle view of the machicolations on the inner side of the keep of the Chateau Gaillard, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DFRANCE080439.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: View of the ruined outer wall with the keep in the background of the Chateau Gaillard, Seine and hills in the distance, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DFRANCE080431.jpg
  • Exterior view of the Gothic cloister, Krak des Chevaliers, Qala'at al-Husn, Crusader castle, 1110-1271, Homs Gap, Syria Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • View of 2 guard towers 8-10 meters thick, Krak des Chevaliers, Qala'at al-Husn, originally built 1031 for amir of Aleppo, occupied by Crusader Tancred of Galilee in 1110, and given in 1144 to Knights Hospitaller, who rebuilt it as the largest Crusader castle in the Levant. Finally recaptured in 1271 and further modified by Mamluk Sultan Baybars, Homs Gap, Syria Picture by Manuel Cohen
    asyria050191.jpg
  • Stone epigraphic Arabic inscription over main doorway recording victory of Mamluk Sultan Baybars against the Knights Hospitaliers in 1271, Krak des Chevaliers, Qala'at al-Husn, Homs Gap, Syria Picture by Manuel Cohen
    asyria050188.jpg
  • Courtyard, Krak des Chevaliers, Qala'at al-Husn, Crusader castle, 1110-1271, Homs Gap, Syria Picture by Manuel Cohen
    asyria050179.jpg
  • Courtyard, Krak des Chevaliers, Qala'at al-Husn, Crusader castle, 1110-1271, Homs Gap, Syria Picture by Manuel Cohen
    asyria050178.jpg
  • One of 7 guard towers, 8-10 metres thick, Krak des Chevaliers, Qala'at al-Husn, largest Crusader castle in the Levant, 1110-1271, Homs Gap, Syria Picture by Manuel Cohen
    asyria050177.jpg
  • Rome's city gate resembling a Roussillon Romanesque church, and a soldier sounding the horn, detail from Quo Vadis scene of St Peter fleeing Rome and Christ appearing and blessing him, Romanesque relief, late 12th century, in the south gallery of the Cloitre d'Elne, built 12th - 14th centuries, at the Cathedrale Sainte-Eulalie-et-Sainte-Julie d'Elne, an 11th century catalan Romanesque cathedral in Elne, Pyrenees-Orientales, Catalogne du Nord, France. Scenes from the life of Peter and Paul are depicted in the cloister as the bishop was successor to the apostles. The cloister was originally the residence of the cathedral's canons, and features Romanesque and Gothic sculptures and capitals, depicting biblical figures, animals and plants. The cathedral and its cloister are listed as historic monuments. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_FRANCE_MC_0614.jpg
  • People defending the city gates, detail from Satan besieging the City, with the dragon leaving the Leviathan with his army and fire raining down on Satan from heaven, detail of the sixth piece depicting the New Jerusalem, from the Tenture de l'Apocalypse or Apocalypse Tapestry, made 1373-82 by Nicolas Bataille in the workshop of Robert Poincon after preparatory drawings by Hennequin de Bruges, in the Musee de la Tapisserie de l'Apocalypse, in the Chateau d'Angers, Angers, Maine-et-Loire, France. The tapestry was commissioned by Louis I duc d'Anjou and depicts the Apocalypse of John. It measures 140m and is divided into 6 pieces with 90 scenes. Although bequeathed to Angers Cathedral by King Rene in the 15th century, the tapestry was reconstructed and restored in the 19th century, listed as a historic monument and exhibited in the castle. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0658.jpg
  • Malahide Castle, originally built in the 12th century by the Talbot family, and home to them for almost 800 years, near Malahide in County Dublin, Ireland. The building was enlarged in the 15th century, and the towers added 1600-1650. The castle is situated in a 260 acre estate, the Malahide Demesne Regional Park, and is home to the Talbot Botanical Gardens. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_Ireland_MC_001.jpg
  • Malahide Castle, originally built in the 12th century by the Talbot family, and home to them for almost 800 years, near Malahide in County Dublin, Ireland. The building was enlarged in the 15th century, and the towers added 1600-1650. The castle is situated in a 260 acre estate, the Malahide Demesne Regional Park, and is home to the Talbot Botanical Gardens. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_Ireland_MC_003.jpg
  • Malahide Castle, originally built in the 12th century by the Talbot family, and home to them for almost 800 years, near Malahide in County Dublin, Ireland. The building was enlarged in the 15th century, and the towers added 1600-1650. The castle is situated in a 260 acre estate, the Malahide Demesne Regional Park, and is home to the Talbot Botanical Gardens. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_Ireland_MC_002.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: View of the embossed ramparts and the keep, the drawbridge and the gate to the inner ward of the Chateau Gaillard in a fog, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DFRANCE080481.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: View of the remains of the outer wall with the embossed ramparts of the Chateau Gaillard in a fog, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DFRANCE080467.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: View of the remains of the outer wall with the embossed ramparts of the Chateau Gaillard in a fog, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DFRANCE080464.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: View of the embossed ramparts of the Chateau Gaillard in a fog, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DFRANCE080459.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: General view of the Chateau Gaillard in a fog, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DFRANCE080453.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: General view of the Chateau Gaillard in a fog, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DFRANCE080452.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: Aerial view of the hill and ruins of the Chateau Gaillard with far reaching views over the Seine, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DFRANCE080450.jpg
  • LES ANDELEYS, FRANCE - OCTOBER 10: View of the embossed ramparts, surrounding the inner side of the keep of the Chateau Gaillard, on October 10, 2008 in Les Andelys, Normandy, France. The chateau was built by Richard the Lionheart in 1196, came under French control in 1204 following a siege in 1203. It was later destroyed by Henry IV in 1603 and classified as Monuments Historiques in 1852. (Photo by Manuel Cohen)
    DFRANCE080443.jpg
  • Constructed in several stages, earliest being 1st Century BC Nabatean, Bosra, Syria Picture by Manuel Cohen
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