manuel cohen

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  • Page, dated 19th June 1943, from the file of the Service des Renseignements on the conflict between Paul Rivet and Jacques Soustelle and the subordination of the SR (Paul Rivet was the director of the SRSM or Services de Renseignements et de Securite Militaire) to the DGSS (Soustelle was the head of the Special Services of Free France or DGSS), 1943-44, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0281.jpg
  • Page, dated 22nd October 1943, with a note to forward information to Rivet (and signed by Rivet), from the file of the Service des Renseignements on the conflict between Paul Rivet and Jacques Soustelle and the subordination of the SR (Paul Rivet was the director of the SRSM or Services de Renseignements et de Securite Militaire) to the DGSS (Soustelle was the head of the Special Services of Free France or DGSS), 1943-44, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0283.jpg
  • Page from a Top Secret Vichy regime file detailing the role of the STR or Service Technique de Recherches, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0269.jpg
  • Top Secret document listing 5 volumes of a report dated 1930-42, into information technology during the Second World War, by General Bertrand, by the EMA or Ecole Militaire d'Administration and the SR or Service des Renseignements, including the study of the Enigma Machine, a cipher machine using complex coding to protect military communications, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0266.jpg
  • Contents page on p142 of Volume II of a report by the EMA or Ecole Militaire d'Administration and the SR or Service des Renseignements, on the study of the Enigma Machine, a cipher machine using complex coding to protect military communications, dated 1931-42, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0264.jpg
  • Remnants of documents including translated surveillance reports on French citizens, which were burnt by the Germans before they retreated from Paris when defeat was imminent, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0260.jpg
  • Form dated 22nd May 1945, documenting the detention of Mathilde Carre, 1908-2007, known as La Chatte or Pussy, code name Victoire, a French double agent of the 'Reseau Interallie' during the Second World War, who was detained in London in July 1942, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0258.jpg
  • Document stamped Confidential and dated 6th December 1943, regarding the organisation of the Direction des Services de Renseignements et de Securite Militaire, from Henri Giraud, Commander in Chief of French Armed Forces, to General de Gaulle, President of the Comite d'Action en France, who jointly set up the Comite Francais de la Liberation Nationale, or French Committee of National Liberation or CFLN, with General Charles de Gaulle, a provisional government of Free France, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The document states that Rivet and Paillole remain in charge. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0292.jpg
  • Third page of a letter marked Secret written by Paul Rivet, head of the Services des Renseignements et de Securite Militaire, stressing the integrity of the French armed forces and decrying collaborationists, dated 8 November 1943, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0289.jpg
  • First page of a letter marked Secret written by Paul Rivet, head of the Services des Renseignements et de Securite Militaire, stressing the integrity of the French armed forces and decrying collaborationists, dated 8 November 1943, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0287.jpg
  • Page, dated 14th July 1943, with a note for Rivet from Lieutenant Colonel Berroeta, from the file of the Service des Renseignements on the conflict between Paul Rivet and Jacques Soustelle and the subordination of the SR (Paul Rivet was the director of the SRSM or Services de Renseignements et de Securite Militaire) to the DGSS (Soustelle was the head of the Special Services of Free France or DGSS), 1943-44, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0282.jpg
  • Report on the use of intelligence agents abroad by the Bureau des Menees Antinationales or BMA or Bureau of Anti-national Activities, which was set up during the Second World War to protect the military armistice, and dealt with military intelligence, dated 4th December 1940 and stamped Top Secret, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0276.jpg
  • File on the German armoured divisions from 1940-43, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0274.jpg
  • Page from the personnel file of Colonel Georges Ronin, 1894-1954, head of the Service de Renseignements Air, the Air Force intelligence service, listing his activities from 1934-54, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0272.jpg
  • Personnel file with identity photographs of Colonel Georges Ronin, 1894-1954, head of the Service de Renseignements Air, the Air Force intelligence service, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0271.jpg
  • Historical summary of telegraphy on p143 of Volume II of a report by the EMA or Ecole Militaire d'Administration and the SR or Service des Renseignements, on the study of the Enigma Machine, a cipher machine using complex coding to protect military communications, dated 1931-42, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0265.jpg
  • Contents page on p142 of Volume II of a report by the EMA or Ecole Militaire d'Administration and the SR or Service des Renseignements, on the study of the Enigma Machine, a cipher machine using complex coding to protect military communications, dated 1931-42, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0262.jpg
  • File made by the German Secret Service on the 'Reseau Interallie', the Second World War spy network infiltrated by the French double agent Mathilde Carre, 1908-2007, known as La Chatte or Pussy, code name Victoire, dated 18th November 1941, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0257.jpg
  • Page of a report written by British Secret Services, after the interrogation of Mathilde Carre, 1908-2007, known as La Chatte or Pussy, code name Victoire, a French double agent of the 'Reseau Interallie' during the Second World War, transmitted to the French Secret Services, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The document is stamped Top Secret and dated 8th November 1944. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0255.jpg
  • Letter stamped Confidential and dated 6th December 1943, regarding the organisation of Special Services, from Henri Giraud, Commander in Chief of French Armed Forces, to General de Gaulle, President of the Comite d'Action en France, who jointly set up the Comite Francais de la Liberation Nationale, or French Committee of National Liberation or CFLN, a provisional government of Free France, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0291.jpg
  • Fourth and final page of a letter marked Secret signed by Paul Rivet, head of the Services des Renseignements et de Securite Militaire, stressing the integrity of the French armed forces and decrying collaborationists, dated 8 November 1943, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0290.jpg
  • File detailing 'Activites de crise et de guerre' from 1936-39, and a handwritten letter dated 15th October 1952 by Paul Rivet (director of the SRSM or Services de Renseignements et de Securite Militaire), from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0279.jpg
  • Page from the file on the German armoured divisions from 1940-43, listing their movements and equipment, dated 1st February 1940 and stamped Secret, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0275.jpg
  • Handwriting indicating Top Secret classification on the back of a map of France detailing the various Services de Renseignements or Information Services during the Second World War, marked Top Secret, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0278.jpg
  • Top Secret document listing 5 volumes of a report dated 1930-42, into information technology during the Second World War by the EMA or Ecole Militaire d'Administration and the SR or Service des Renseignements, including the study of the Enigma Machine, a cipher machine using complex coding to protect military communications, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0267.jpg
  • File stamped Top Secret of Volume II of a report by the EMA or Ecole Militaire d'Administration and the SR or Services des Renseignements, on the study of the Enigma Machine, a cipher machine using complex coding to protect military communications, dated 1931-42, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0261.jpg
  • Page from the file on Mathilde Carre, 1908-2007, known as La Chatte or Pussy, code name Victoire, a French double agent of the 'Reseau Interallie' during the Second World War, by the Direction des Services de Documentation, dated 1st June 1945, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0256.jpg
  • Second page of a letter marked Secret written by Paul Rivet, head of the Services des Renseignements et de Securite Militaire, stressing the integrity of the French armed forces and decrying collaborationists, dated 8 November 1943, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0288.jpg
  • Document stamped Secret produced by the Services de Renseignements et d'Action regarding the Comite Francais de la Liberation Nationale, or French Committee of National Liberation or CFLN, a provisional government of Free France, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0286.jpg
  • File with document marked Top Secret and dated 18th September 1943, outlining the situation of the Service des Renseignements on that date, and note stating that the file was handed in by Paul Rivet in April 1944 to Colonel de Villeneuve, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0284.jpg
  • Document marked Top Secret and dated 18th September 1943, outlining the situation of the Service des Renseignements on that date, handed in by Paul Rivet in April 1944 to Colonel de Villeneuve, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0285.jpg
  • File of the Service des Renseignements on the conflict between Paul Rivet and Jacques Soustelle and the subordination of the SR (Paul Rivet was the director of the SRSM or Services de Renseignements et de Securite Militaire) to the DGSS (Soustelle was the head of the Special Services of Free France or DGSS), 1943-44, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0280.jpg
  • Map of France detailing the various Services de Renseignements or Information Services during the Second World War, marked Top Secret, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0277.jpg
  • Cover of the employment booklet of Colonel Georges Ronin, 1894-1954, head of the Service de Renseignements Air, the Air Force intelligence service, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0273.jpg
  • Top Secret Vichy regime file with instructions for the organisation of the STR or Service Technique de Recherches, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0268.jpg
  • Page from a Top Secret Vichy regime file with diagram of the hierarchical structure of the employees of the STR or Service Technique de Recherches, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0270.jpg
  • Order de Bataille T R, document stamped Top Secret and dated 20th April 1942, listing the battle plan and regimental commanders, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0253.jpg
  • Note de Service (pour les Chefs de Section), stamped Top Secret and dated 22nd July 1940, regarding setting up the Services de Renseignements, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. This document was written by the BMA, or Bureau des Menees Antinationales or Bureau of Anti-national Activities, which was set up during the Second World War to protect the military armistice, and dealt with military intelligence. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0254.jpg
  • Historical summary of telegraphy on p143 of Volume II of a report by the EMA or Ecole Militaire d'Administration and the SR or Service des Renseignements, on the study of the Enigma Machine, a cipher machine using complex coding to protect military communications, dated 1931-42, from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0263.jpg
  • Remnants of papers, including passports, photographs, identity documents and details of French citizens who were under surveillance, which were burnt by the Germans before they retreated from Paris when defeat was imminent,  from the collection of the Service Historique de La Defense, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Vincennes, Paris, France. The collection includes documents of the Vichy government detailing spying activities of the French Secret Services on the German Nazi regime. The Centre Historique des Archives at Vincennes forms part of the SHD, which stores the archives of the Ministry of Defence and its armed forces. It was set up by decree in 2005. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_HISTORY_MC_0259.jpg
  • The Keep or donjon, 50m high, built 1337-73, the highest fortified medieval building in Europe, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Ile de France, France. The keep has a square plan 16x16m with a square room on each floor with walls 3m thick, with a turret on each corner. The Chateau was originally built in 1150 as a hunting lodge for Louis VII, with a donjon added in the 14th century, walls in the 15th and further extended in the 17th century. It was an important royal palace until the 18th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Paris_MC315.jpg
  • First floor of the Keep or donjon, a large square room nearly 10m square and 8m high at its peak with a central pillar supporting the ribs of the vaults, which on the outer edges rest on carved consoles, Chateau de Vincennes, Ile de France, France. The Keep is 50m high, built 1337-73, the highest fortified medieval building in Europe. It has a square plan 16x16m with a square room on each floor with walls 3m thick, with a turret on each corner. The Chateau was originally built in 1150 as a hunting lodge for Louis VII, with a donjon added in the 14th century, walls in the 15th and further extended in the 17th century. It was an important royal palace until the 18th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Paris_MC322.jpg
  • The Keep or donjon, 50m high, built 1337-73, the highest fortified medieval building in Europe, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Ile de France, France. The keep has a square plan 16x16m with a square room on each floor with walls 3m thick, with a turret on each corner. The Sainte-Chapelle or Holy Chapel, founded 1379 and inaugurated only in 1552 under Henry II visible in the distance. The Chateau was originally built in 1150 as a hunting lodge for Louis VII, with a donjon added in the 14th century, walls in the 15th and further extended in the 17th century. It was an important royal palace until the 18th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Paris_MC155.JPG
  • Mural painted by Monseigneur Boulogne, confessor of Napoleon I, imprisoned on his orders in this room in the Keep or donjon of the Chateau de Vincennes, Ile de France, France. The Keep is 50m high, built 1337-73, the highest fortified medieval building in Europe. It has a square plan 16x16m with a square room on each floor with walls 3m thick, with a turret on each corner. The Chateau was originally built in 1150 as a hunting lodge for Louis VII, with a donjon added in the 14th century, walls in the 15th and further extended in the 17th century. It was an important royal palace until the 18th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Paris_MC332.jpg
  • Guard on horseback wearing armour and carrying a standard, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Ile de France, France. The Chateau was originally built in 1150 as a hunting lodge for Louis VII, with a donjon added in the 14th century, walls in the 15th and further extended in the 17th century. It was an important royal palace until the 18th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Paris_MC328.jpg
  • Model of the Chateau de Vincennes. The Chateau was originally built in 1150 as a hunting lodge for Louis VII, with a donjon added in the 14th century, walls in the 15th and further extended in the 17th century. It was an important royal palace until the 18th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Paris_MC327.jpg
  • Nave and apse of Sainte-Chapelle or Holy Chapel, founded 1379 and inaugurated only in 1552 under Henry II, after a long interruption of the building work starting at the beginning of 15th century, Chateau de Vincennes, Ile de France, France. The Sainte-Chapelle has a single nave, a choir formed by a straight bay and a 5-sided apse flanked by two oratories for the King and Queen. It was built to house part of the relics of the Passion and was listed as a Historical Monument in 1853. The stained glass windows of the choir date from 1555-1556 by the master glassmaker Nicolas Beaurain. The windows of the nave are of clear glass with coloured borders, made after the Second World War and partly destroyed during the storm of December 1999. The Chateau was originally built in 1150 as a hunting lodge for Louis VII, with a donjon added in the 14th century, walls in the 15th and further extended in the 17th century. It was an important royal palace until the 18th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Paris_MC320.jpg
  • The Sainte-Chapelle or Holy Chapel, founded 1379 and inaugurated only in 1552 under Henry II, after a long interruption of the building work starting at the beginning of 15th century, Chateau de Vincennes, Ile de France, France. The Sainte-Chapelle has a single nave, a choir formed by a straight bay and a 5-sided apse flanked by two oratories for the King and Queen. Outside, deep buttresses support large gabled windows and the building has a slender silhouette. It was built to house part of the relics of the Passion and was listed as a Historical Monument in 1853. Below is the 17th century Le Vau Gallery. The Chateau was originally built in 1150 as a hunting lodge for Louis VII, with a donjon added in the 14th century, walls in the 15th and further extended in the 17th century. It was an important royal palace until the 18th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • The Gallery, built by the architect Le Vau in 1654 and behind, the Keep or donjon, 50m high, built 1337-73, the highest fortified medieval building in Europe, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Ile de France, France. The keep has a square plan 16x16m with a square room on each floor with walls 3m thick, with a turret on each corner. The Chateau was originally built in 1150 as a hunting lodge for Louis VII, with a donjon added in the 14th century, walls in the 15th and further extended in the 17th century. It was an important royal palace until the 18th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Treasury or La Salle du Tresor<br />
in the North West turret on the second floor of the Keep or donjon, off Charles V's bedroom, Chateau de Vincennes, Ile de France, France. In the King's absence the door was locked, sealed with wax and he kept the only key. From 1367, the room was used to store the Kingdom's gold, and part of the king's collection of manuscripts and objects. The Keep is 50m high, built 1337-73, the highest fortified medieval building in Europe. It has a square plan 16x16m with a square room on each floor with walls 3m thick, with a turret on each corner. The Chateau was originally built in 1150 as a hunting lodge for Louis VII, with a donjon added in the 14th century, walls in the 15th and further extended in the 17th century. It was an important royal palace until the 18th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • The Keep or donjon, 50m high, built 1337-73, the highest fortified medieval building in Europe, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Ile de France, France. The keep has a square plan 16x16m with a square room on each floor with walls 3m thick, with a turret on each corner. The Chateau was originally built in 1150 as a hunting lodge for Louis VII, with a donjon added in the 14th century, walls in the 15th and further extended in the 17th century. It was an important royal palace until the 18th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • North West wall and the Keep or donjon in the distance, 50m high, built 1337-73, the highest fortified medieval building in Europe, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Ile de France, France. The keep has a square plan 16x16m with a square room on each floor with walls 3m thick, with a turret on each corner. The Chateau was originally built in 1150 as a hunting lodge for Louis VII, with a donjon added in the 14th century, walls in the 15th and further extended in the 17th century. It was an important royal palace until the 18th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Paris_MC317.jpg
  • North West wall and the Keep or donjon in the distance, 50m high, built 1337-73, the highest fortified medieval building in Europe, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Ile de France, France. The keep has a square plan 16x16m with a square room on each floor with walls 3m thick, with a turret on each corner. The Chateau was originally built in 1150 as a hunting lodge for Louis VII, with a donjon added in the 14th century, walls in the 15th and further extended in the 17th century. It was an important royal palace until the 18th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Paris_MC318.jpg
  • The Keep or donjon, 50m high, built 1337-73, the highest fortified medieval building in Europe, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Ile de France, France. The keep has a square plan 16x16m with a square room on each floor with walls 3m thick, with a turret on each corner. The Chateau was originally built in 1150 as a hunting lodge for Louis VII, with a donjon added in the 14th century, walls in the 15th and further extended in the 17th century. It was an important royal palace until the 18th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Paris_MC314.jpg
  • The Keep or donjon, 50m high, built 1337-73, the highest fortified medieval building in Europe, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Ile de France, France. The keep has a square plan 16x16m with a square room on each floor with walls 3m thick, with a turret on each corner. The Chateau was originally built in 1150 as a hunting lodge for Louis VII, with a donjon added in the 14th century, walls in the 15th and further extended in the 17th century. It was an important royal palace until the 18th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Paris_MC313.jpg
  • The Sainte-Chapelle or Holy Chapel, founded 1379 and inaugurated only in 1552 under Henry II, after a long interruption of the building work starting at the beginning of 15th century, Chateau de Vincennes, Ile de France, France. The Sainte-Chapelle has a single nave, a choir formed by a straight bay and a 5-sided apse flanked by two oratories for the King and Queen. Outside, deep buttresses support large gabled windows and the building has a slender silhouette. It was built to house part of the relics of the Passion and was listed as a Historical Monument in 1853. Below is the 17th century Le Vau Gallery. The Chateau was originally built in 1150 as a hunting lodge for Louis VII, with a donjon added in the 14th century, walls in the 15th and further extended in the 17th century. It was an important royal palace until the 18th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Paris_MC330.jpg
  • Murals painted by Monseigneur Boulogne, confessor of Napoleon I, imprisoned on his orders in this room in the Keep or donjon of the Chateau de Vincennes, Ile de France, France. This room may also be where the Comte de Mirabeau, 1749-1791, was imprisoned and wrote "Des lettres de cachet et des prisons d'Etat" against the abuses of the royal warrant. The Keep is 50m high, built 1337-73, the highest fortified medieval building in Europe. It has a square plan 16x16m with a square room on each floor with walls 3m thick, with a turret on each corner. The Chateau was originally built in 1150 as a hunting lodge for Louis VII, with a donjon added in the 14th century, walls in the 15th and further extended in the 17th century. It was an important royal palace until the 18th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Ground floor of the Keep or donjon, reached by a small staircase from the first floor and used for storage and housing domestic servants, with a deep well and a large fireplace, Chateau de Vincennes, Ile de France, France. The Keep is 50m high, built 1337-73, the highest fortified medieval building in Europe. It has a square plan 16x16m with a square room on each floor with walls 3m thick, with a turret on each corner. The Chateau was originally built in 1150 as a hunting lodge for Louis VII, with a donjon added in the 14th century, walls in the 15th and further extended in the 17th century. It was an important royal palace until the 18th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Paris_MC326.jpg
  • The Keep or donjon, 50m high, built 1337-73, the highest fortified medieval building in Europe, at the Chateau de Vincennes, Ile de France, France. The keep has a square plan 16x16m with a square room on each floor with walls 3m thick, with a turret on each corner. The Chateau was originally built in 1150 as a hunting lodge for Louis VII, with a donjon added in the 14th century, walls in the 15th and further extended in the 17th century. It was an important royal palace until the 18th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Paris_MC319.jpg
  • Ceiling bosses at the apex of the rib vaults in Sainte-Chapelle or Holy Chapel, founded 1379 and inaugurated only in 1552 under Henry II, after a long interruption of the building work starting at the beginning of 15th century, Chateau de Vincennes, Ile de France, France. The Sainte-Chapelle has a single nave, a choir formed by a straight bay and a 5-sided apse flanked by two oratories for the King and Queen. It was built to house part of the relics of the Passion and was listed as a Historical Monument in 1853. The Chateau was originally built in 1150 as a hunting lodge for Louis VII, with a donjon added in the 14th century, walls in the 15th and further extended in the 17th century. It was an important royal palace until the 18th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • A blocked window from the time the Keep or donjon was used as a prison, only letting daylight filter through a narrow slit, Chateau de Vincennes, Ile de France, France. This conversion of the windows was carried out on the first 3 floors. The Keep is 50m high, built 1337-73, the highest fortified medieval building in Europe. It has a square plan 16x16m with a square room on each floor with walls 3m thick, with a turret on each corner. The Chateau was originally built in 1150 as a hunting lodge for Louis VII, with a donjon added in the 14th century, walls in the 15th and further extended in the 17th century. It was an important royal palace until the 18th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
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  • Detail of mammouth figure in thin composite, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on June 8, 2011 in the afternoon. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • View from the side of mammouth figure in thin composite, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on June 8, 2011 in the afternoon. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • Low angle view of artist's Studio, Big Cat House, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 11, 2011 in the afternoon. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • Low angle view of Lion cage, Big Cat House, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 11, 2011 in the afternoon. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • Detail of Ibis Gallery, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 12, 2011 in the morning. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • General view of Lemurs' Island, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 12, 2011 in the morning. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • General view of Lemurs' Island, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 12, 2011 in the morning. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • Low angle view of Lion Cage, Big Cat House, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 11, 2011 in the afternoon. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • Low angle view of Public Gallery with cages to the left, Big Cat House, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 11, 2011 in the afternoon. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • Detail of lift, Grand Rocher (Great Rock), Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 11, 2011 in the afternoon. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • Detail of trunk and tusks of mammouth figure in thin composite, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on June 8, 2011 in the afternoon. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • Detail of earth ridges in the basin which is an extension of the kitchen garden, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 11, 2011 in the morning. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • Detail of Lemurs' Island, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 12, 2011 in the morning. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • Low angle view of Vulture Aviary and Grand Rocher (Great Rock), Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 11, 2011 in the morning. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • Detail of Lemurs' Island, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 12, 2011 in the morning. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • Low angle view of drained Ibis pool, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 12, 2011 in the morning. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • General view of frescoes  in the Ibis Gallery, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 12, 2011 in the morning. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • General view of Public Gallery with cages to the left, Big Cat House, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 11, 2011 in the afternoon. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • Detail of outdoor corridor past the cages, Big Cat House, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 11, 2011 in the afternoon. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • Detail of staircase inside Grand Rocher (Great Rock),Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 11, 2011 in the afternoon. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • Low angle view of passage to  lift, Grand Rocher (Great Rock), Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 11, 2011 in the afternoon. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • General view of the Asian Elephants' Plateau, with the Grand Rocher (Great Rock) in the background, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 11, 2011 in the afternoon. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • Low angle view of Grand Rocher (Great Rock), seen through the trees, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 11, 2011 in the morning. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • Low angle view of aviary, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 11, 2011 in the morning. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • General view of Sifaka Building and outdoor cage, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 12, 2011 in the morning. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • General view of the Asian Elephants' Plateau, with the Grand Rocher (Great Rock) in the background, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 11, 2011 in the afternoon. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • General view of Tamarin Building, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 11, 2011 in the morning. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • Detail of Big Cat House with Grand Rocher (Great Rock) in the background, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 12, 2011 at midday. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. These pictures capture the zoo, deserted by all the animals except giraffes and lemurs, invaded by nature as it awaits renovation. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen .
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  • Detail of Chimene's Island,  Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 12, 2011 in the morning. Chimene is a female gibbon. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • Detail of Lemurs' Island, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 12, 2011 in the morning. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • General View of Monkey Building, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 12, 2011 in the morning. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • Low angle view of Baboons' Plateau with the Grand Rocher (Great Rock) in the background, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 12, 2011 in the morning. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • Detail of Lemurs' Island, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 12, 2011 in the morning. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • High angle view of a reflection of a tree in a pool, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 12, 2011 in the morning. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • Detail of fresco of elephants in the Ibis Gallery, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 12, 2011 in the morning. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • View from the side of Rhinoceros in thin composite, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 12, 2011 in the morning. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011.  The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • General view of corridor giving access to cages, Big Cat House, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 11, 2011 in the afternoon. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • General view of Artist's Studio, Big Cat House, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 11, 2011 in the afternoon. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • Detail of staircase, Artist's Studio, Big Cat House, Parc Zoologique de Paris, or Zoo de Vincennes, (Zoological Gardens of Paris, also known as Vincennes Zoo), 1934, by Charles Letrosne, 12th arrondissement, Paris, France, pictured on April 11, 2011 in the afternoon. In November 2008 the 15 hectare Zoo, part of the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (National Museum of Natural History) closed its doors to the public and renovation works will start in September 2011. The Zoo is scheduled to re-open in April 2014. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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