manuel cohen

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  • Roman stone with a carved fragment of a larger inscription, recording a measurement of length in Roman feet '(PE) DATVRA (…) VCI', built by an unknown unit, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_136.jpg
  • Illustration of the chalet barracks at Housesteads Roman fort on Hadrian's Wall in the 4th century AD, by Philip Corke, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Around 300 AD, the communal barracks at the fort were demolished and replaced with chalet style houses for each soldier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_147.jpg
  • Illustration of a Roman auxiliary soldier from the Hadrian era, 125 AD, by Nick Hardcastle, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. An auxiliary would wear a chainmail coat and iron helmet, with a long sword and spear and oval wooden shield, enclosed boots like those found at Vindolanda, and close-fitting trousers. 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers were based at Housesteads Fort. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_145.jpg
  • Roman window head carved with stylised wheels or rosettes, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Many decorative window heads have been found at Housesteads, with abstract and geometric designs aswell as classical motifs. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_143.jpg
  • Roman sculpture of the Matres or mother-goddesses seated on a bench, wearing tunics and holding cups and possibly fruit, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Popular on Hadrian’s Wall, the Matres Cult is a military cult originating in Germany. It is thought there was a Matres temple near Knag Burn and 9 Matres sculptures have been found at Housesteads. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_141.jpg
  • Roman stone altar with dedication to Jupiter, the main state deity and embodiment of Imperial Rome, with carved images of a patera (small pan) and jug used to pour libations into the hollow scoops on the altar top, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. An inscription reads, 'to Jupiter best and greatest, and the spirit of the Emperors, the 1st regiment of Hungarians, under the command of Quintus Julius Maximus'. Such dedications of new altars enabled individuals and regiments to record their achievements and document their allegiance. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_142.jpg
  • Roman stone with carving of Mercury, god of trade, commerce and thieves, in a classical pose, with a cloak draped over his arm, a winged hat or petasus, staff or caduceus and money bag in his right hand, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_140.jpg
  • Roman stone shrine with carving of Diana, goddess of the moon and hunting, reaching for an arrow with her bow poised, with a hunting dog and a stag watching, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_139.jpg
  • Roman stone inscribed with ‘C IVLI CANDID F', meaning 'the century of Julius Candidus made this', found on Hadrian's Wall West of Housesteads, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. There are 3 other stones from the Wall recording this centurion. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_137.jpg
  • Roman carved stone depicting the genii cucullati, 3 spirits wearing hooded cloaks, commonly worshipped across Northern Europe, possibly in connection with fertility, found in the alcove of a small family shrine in the vicus, the civilian settlement outside of the fort, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_130.jpg
  • Roman stone with carved inscription reading, 'The 6th cohert, the century of Lousius suavis (built this) near Chesters', at Chesters Roman Fort Museum, at Chesters Roman Fort or Cilurnum, managed by English Heritage, Northumberland, England. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. The Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it at his point. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_051.jpg
  • Roman stone carved altar to Fortuna conservatrix, goddess of fate and good luck, holding a wheel and horn of plenty or cornucopia, set up by Venenus, a German, found in the bath house of Chesters Roman Fort or Cilurnum in 1884, at Chesters Roman Fort Museum, managed by English Heritage, Northumberland, England. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. The Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it at his point. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_050.jpg
  • Roman building stone carved with a relief of a running boar, at Chesters Roman Fort Museum, at Chesters Roman Fort or Cilurnum, managed by English Heritage, Northumberland, England. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. The Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it at his point. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_049.jpg
  • Roman statue of a river god, probably personifying the North Tyne, found in the commanding officer's bath house at Chesters Roman Fort or Cilurnum in 1843, at Chesters Roman Fort Museum, managed by English Heritage, Northumberland, England. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. The Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it at his point. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_048.jpg
  • Roman stone statue of the winged goddess Victory, found at the East gateway to Housesteads Roman Fort in 1852, at Chesters Roman Fort Museum, at Chesters Roman Fort or Cilurnum, managed by English Heritage, Northumberland, England. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. The Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it at his point. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_047.jpg
  • Roman carved stone arch depicting Mars, god of war, flanked by 2 male attendants holding wreaths, at Chesters Roman Fort Museum, at Chesters Roman Fort or Cilurnum, managed by English Heritage, Northumberland, England. This arch may have framed a cult statue of Mars Thincsus. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. The Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it at his point. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_046.jpg
  • Roman altar with an inscription dedicated to the alaisiagae, gods of war worshipped by Germanic tribes, at Chesters Roman Fort Museum, at Chesters Roman Fort or Cilurnum, managed by English Heritage, Northumberland, England. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. The Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it at his point. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_040.jpg
  • Roman stone relief of 3 water nymphs, holding beakers and pouring water from pitchers, set within arched niches with carved columns and capitals, at Chesters Roman Fort Museum, at Chesters Roman Fort or Cilurnum, managed by English Heritage, Northumberland, England. This relief may originally have come from the shrine dedicated to the nymphs. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. The Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it at his point. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_042.jpg
  • Roman statue of Juno Regina or Queen Juno, standing on a heifer, probably the work of a master craftsman, at Chesters Roman Fort Museum, at Chesters Roman Fort or Cilurnum, managed by English Heritage, Northumberland, England. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. The Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it at his point. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_039.jpg
  • Model of a Roman auxiliary soldier, a non-citizen from conquered lands recruited and fighting for Rome, in the Roman Army Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Auxiliaries were often hired due to specific fighting skills and were employed to fight in countries other than their homeland. Auxiliaries wore a chainmail shirt over a tunic, leather or woollen trousers, a helmet and a large oval shield made from leather or wood. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Roman Army Museum at Carvoran fort is run by the Vindolanda Charitable Trust and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_152.jpg
  • Model of a Roman legionary infantry soldier wearing plate armour with a shield, dagger, spear and helmet, in the Roman Army Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. A legionary would wear a woollen tunic and iron body armour, with rim around his helmet to protect the head from sword blows. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Roman Army Museum at Carvoran fort is run by the Vindolanda Charitable Trust and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_151.jpg
  • Model of a Roman centurion, an army officer in charge of the manoeuvres, conduct and training of a century of 80 men, wearing a plumed helmet and chainmail, in the Roman Army Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. A centurion would wear a sideways horsehair crest on his helmet, a chainmail shirt over a leather doublet and a cloak on his back, with a sword and dagger at his belt. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Roman Army Museum at Carvoran fort is run by the Vindolanda Charitable Trust and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_149.jpg
  • Model of a Roman centurion, an army officer in charge of the manoeuvres, conduct and training of a century of 80 men, wearing a plumed helmet and chainmail, in the Roman Army Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. A centurion would wear a sideways horsehair crest on his helmet, a chainmail shirt over a leather doublet and a cloak on his back, with a sword and dagger at his belt. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Roman Army Museum at Carvoran fort is run by the Vindolanda Charitable Trust and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_150.jpg
  • Roman cavalryman's leather shoe with lace holes, used to give grip when riding at high speed, in the Roman Army Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Roman Army Museum at Carvoran fort is run by the Vindolanda Charitable Trust and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_148.jpg
  • Model of Housesteads Roman fort on Hadrian's Wall, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. The fort is rectangular, with the main administrative buildings in the centre, and barracks, stables and workshops at either side. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_146.jpg
  • Model of Housesteads Roman fort on Hadrian's Wall, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. The fort is rectangular, with the main administrative buildings in the centre, and barracks, stables and workshops at either side. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_144.jpg
  • Roman stone with carving of Mars, god of war and the legions, dressed as a soldier wearing body armour, pleated skirt and greaves or leg protection and a crested helmet, holding a spear and shield with a goose in the foreground, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. An inscription reads, 'To the God Mars, Victory and the Deities of the Emperors'. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_138.jpg
  • Roman stone shrine or aedicula with sculpture of the winged goddess Victory with half folded wings and billowing tunic suggesting she is hovering, about to land her right foot on a globe, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Her arms probably held a victor’s wreath and a palm branch. Victory symbolised success in battle and protection against death, and Emperor Hadrian’s work in Britan marked and end to fighting in the North and his Wall, a symbol of victory, defined and protected the province of Britannia. 4 statues of Victory have been recovered from Housesteads. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_135.jpg
  • Roman stone carved with a fragment of an inscription, stating the self-government of the vicus, the civilian settlement outside of the fort, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. The inscription refers to ‘D.VICA (NI)’, the decree of the vicuna and is probably referring to a public work carried out by a council of villagers. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_134.jpg
  • Roman carved stone depicting the genii cucullati, 3 spirits wearing hooded cloaks, commonly worshipped across Northern Europe, possibly in connection with fertility, found in the alcove of a small family shrine in the vicus, the civilian settlement outside of the fort, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_133.jpg
  • Detail of a Roman carved stone depicting the genii cucullati, 3 spirits wearing hooded cloaks, commonly worshipped across Northern Europe, possibly in connection with fertility, found in the alcove of a small family shrine in the vicus, the civilian settlement outside of the fort, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_131.JPG
  • Detail of a Roman carved stone depicting the genii cucullati, 3 spirits wearing hooded cloaks, commonly worshipped across Northern Europe, possibly in connection with fertility, found in the alcove of a small family shrine in the vicus, the civilian settlement outside of the fort, at the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Housesteads Roman Fort Museum is run by English Heritage and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_132.jpg
  • Chalet barracks, built 4th century AD, at Housesteads Roman Fort, on Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Around 300 AD, the communal barracks at the fort were demolished and replaced with chalet style houses for each soldier. A reconstruction of these has been made by Philip Corke in the Housesteads Roman Fort Museum. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. This section of the Wall is in the Northumberland National Park, managed by the National Trust, and the Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_123.jpg
  • Roman tombstone with carving of a Roman cavalryman triumphing over a naked barbarian, 1st century AD, in the Roman Frontier Gallery at the Tullie House Museum and Art Gallery, Carlisle, Cumbria, England. This type of tombstone probably originated in the Rhineland and arrived in Britan with the invading army. The tombstone was excavated at Corbridge and commemorates Flavinus, who was a trooper with the Ala Petrine, which was later to become the garrison at Stanwix, just North of Carlisle. This is a replica on loan from the Great North Museum, Newcastle upon Tyne, the original being in Hexham Abbey. This gallery houses a permanent exhibition entitled 'The Roman Frontier: stories beyond Hadrian's Wall', with exhibits excavated along the Wall and others on loan from the British Museum. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_023.jpg
  • Chariot racing with bigae (2 horse chariots) and metae or turning points in the Roman circus, Roman relief from a funerary monument possibly of a charioteer, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0580.jpg
  • Granary or horreum, used to store the huge quantities of food required by hundreds of soldiers, with strong buttressed stone walls with air vents, an overhanging roof to keep rain away and raised floors to allow air circulation, at Housesteads Roman Fort, on Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. The granary is on the highest, driest part of the fort, and had 2 storeys with a roof supported on a row of 6 pillars. 2 entrances faced an open area for easy unloading and turning of carts. This building was later modified into 2, visible today, each with its own roof. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. This section of the Wall is in the Northumberland National Park, managed by the National Trust, and the Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_120.jpg
  • Communal Latrine for up to 800 men, with a deep sewer, originally covered with a wooden floor and benches with holes to form multiple toilet seats, at Housesteads Roman Fort, on Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. The sewer was flushed by rainwater via drains, and out via a culvert under the fort wall. In dry weather, rainwater was collected from roofs of nearby buildings and stored in stone tanks seen here. The central platform has a channel along which water flowed for washing. For toilet paper, the soldiers may have used moss, bracken or rags. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. This section of the Wall is in the Northumberland National Park, managed by the National Trust, and the Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_119.jpg
  • Illustration of a Bath House on Hadrian’s Wall, in the Roman Army Museum, Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Bath houses were places of leisure and entertainment, where soldiers and their families could bathe, meet, take part in games and sports and purchase food and drink. Above the boiler room, the bathing area consists of a changing room or apodyterium, cold room or frigidarium, warm room or tepidarium, hot dry room or laconicum and hot steam room or caldarium. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The Roman Army Museum at Carvoran fort is run by the Vindolanda Charitable Trust and forms part of the Hadrian's Wall UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_153.jpg
  • Housesteads Roman Fort (right), built in 124 AD, and Hadrian's Wall looking East, Northumberland, England. Housesteads is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. This section of the Wall is in the Northumberland National Park, managed by the National Trust, and the Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_126.jpg
  • Granary or horreum, used to store the huge quantities of food required by hundreds of soldiers, with strong buttressed stone walls with air vents, an overhanging roof to keep rain away and raised floors to allow air circulation, at Housesteads Roman Fort, on Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. The granary is on the highest, driest part of the fort, and had 2 storeys with a roof supported on a row of 6 pillars. 2 entrances faced an open area for easy unloading and turning of carts. This building was later modified into 2, visible today, each with its own roof. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. This section of the Wall is in the Northumberland National Park, managed by the National Trust, and the Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_125.jpg
  • Granary or horreum, used to store the huge quantities of food required by hundreds of soldiers, with strong buttressed stone walls with air vents, an overhanging roof to keep rain away and raised floors to allow air circulation, at Housesteads Roman Fort, on Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. The granary is on the highest, driest part of the fort, and had 2 storeys with a roof supported on a row of 6 pillars. 2 entrances faced an open area for easy unloading and turning of carts. This building was later modified into 2, visible today, each with its own roof. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. This section of the Wall is in the Northumberland National Park, managed by the National Trust, and the Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_124.jpg
  • Granary or horreum, used to store the huge quantities of food required by hundreds of soldiers, with strong buttressed stone walls with air vents, an overhanging roof to keep rain away and raised floors to allow air circulation, at Housesteads Roman Fort, on Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. The granary is on the highest, driest part of the fort, and had 2 storeys with a roof supported on a row of 6 pillars, the bases of which are seen here. 2 entrances faced an open area for easy unloading and turning of carts. This building was later modified into 2, visible today, each with its own roof. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. This section of the Wall is in the Northumberland National Park, managed by the National Trust, and the Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_122.jpg
  • Granary or horreum, used to store the huge quantities of food required by hundreds of soldiers, with strong buttressed stone walls with air vents, an overhanging roof to keep rain away and raised floors to allow air circulation, at Housesteads Roman Fort, on Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. The granary is on the highest, driest part of the fort, and had 2 storeys with a roof supported on a row of 6 pillars. 2 entrances faced an open area for easy unloading and turning of carts. This building was later modified into 2, visible today, each with its own roof. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. This section of the Wall is in the Northumberland National Park, managed by the National Trust, and the Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_121.jpg
  • Granary or horreum, used to store the huge quantities of food required by hundreds of soldiers, with strong buttressed stone walls with air vents, an overhanging roof to keep rain away and raised floors to allow air circulation, at Housesteads Roman Fort, on Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. The granary is on the highest, driest part of the fort, and had 2 storeys with a roof supported on a row of 6 pillars. 2 entrances faced an open area for easy unloading and turning of carts. This building was later modified into 2, visible today, each with its own roof. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. This section of the Wall is in the Northumberland National Park, managed by the National Trust, and the Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_056.JPG
  • Ruins of the vicus, a civilian settlement outside of the fort, where soldiers and civilians mixed in trade, leisure and worship, at Housesteads Roman Fort, on Hadrian's Wall, Northumberland, England. Housesteads Fort was built in 124 AD and is the most complete Roman fort in Britain, built by legionaries to house 10 centuries of auxiliary soldiers based on the frontier. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. This section of the Wall is in the Northumberland National Park, managed by the National Trust, and the Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside it. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_055.jpg
  • Roman relief of a Winged Victory, with the inscription, 'To the Victory of the Emperor', found in Castlesteads, or Camboglanna Roman Fort, on Hadrian's Wall, at the Tullie House Museum and Art Gallery, Carlisle, Cumbria, England. The goddess Victory has one foot resting on a globe, is holding a wreath in one hand and a palm branch in the other. Carlisle sits at the Western end of Hadrian's Wall. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_036.jpg
  • Roman Frontier Gallery at the Tullie House Museum and Art Gallery, Carlisle, Cumbria, England. This gallery houses a permanent exhibition entitled 'The Roman Frontier: stories beyond Hadrian's Wall', with exhibits excavated along the Wall and others on loan from the British Museum. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_032.jpg
  • Roman Frontier Gallery at the Tullie House Museum and Art Gallery, Carlisle, Cumbria, England. This gallery houses a permanent exhibition entitled 'The Roman Frontier: stories beyond Hadrian's Wall', with exhibits excavated along the Wall and others on loan from the British Museum. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_030.jpg
  • Roman statue of Fortuna, goddess of good fortune, found in the commanding officer’s bath at Birdoswald Roman Fort, Hadrian's Wall, at the Tullie House Museum and Art Gallery, Carlisle, Cumbria, England. This seated statue of the goddess Fortuna is 1 of the most sophisticated works of art from the Wall. She is usually shown with a horn of plenty or cornucopia full of food and flowers and a ship’s rudder, although here we see only the remains of the rudder. Carlisle sits at the Western end of Hadrian's Wall. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_024.jpg
  • Chariot racing with bigae (2 horse chariots) and metae or turning points in the Roman circus, detail, Roman relief from a funerary monument possibly of a charioteer, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0581.jpg
  • Chariot racing with bigae (2 horse chariots), detail, Roman relief from a funerary monument possibly of a charioteer, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The full relief on this monument depicts chariots and the metae or turning points in the Roman circus. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0582.jpg
  • Chariot racing with bigae (2 horse chariots), detail, Roman relief from a funerary monument possibly of a charioteer, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The full relief on this monument depicts chariots and the metae or turning points in the Roman circus. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0583.jpg
  • Funerary altar with relief of a child, marble, Roman, 3rd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0596.jpg
  • Ruins at Birdoswald Roman Fort, on Hadrian's Wall, Cumbria, England. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. This fort is managed by English Heritage, and the Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside the Wall. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_091.jpg
  • Granaries or Horrea, built 205-8 AD by Hadrian’s own first cohort of Dacians under commanding officer Aurelius Julianus, at Birdoswald Roman Fort, on Hadrian's Wall, Cumbria, England. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. This fort is managed by English Heritage, and the Hadrian's Wall Path, an 84-mile coast to coast long distance footpath, runs alongside the Wall. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_087.jpg
  • The Conquest Stone, a Roman tombstone depicting a cavalryman riding over the body of a native Briton, a common Roman political propaganda motif, 1st century AD, in Hexham Abbey, Northumberland, England. The inscription reads, 'To the venerated departed: here lies Flavinus, a horse soldier of the cavalry regiment of Petriana, standard bearer of the troop of Candidus, aged 25, of 7 years' Service'. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_084.jpg
  • Model of a Roman tent, called a papilio (butterfly) because it had 2 flat slides ressembling  wings, used by the Roman army while on campaign, at the Tullie House Museum and Art Gallery, Carlisle, Cumbria, England. Tents found in Carlisle were made of goatskin and occupied by 8 soldiers, 2 of whom were always on guard duty. Centurions and other officers had larger, more elaborate tents. Carlisle sits at the Western end of Hadrian's Wall. Hadrian's Wall was built 73 miles across Britannia, now England, 122-128 AD, under the reign of Emperor Hadrian, ruled 117-138, to mark the Northern extent of the Roman Empire and guard against barbarian attacks from the Picts to the North. The wall was fortified with milecastles with 2 turrets in between, and a fort about every 5 Roman miles. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ENGLAND_MC_026.jpg
  • Triumph of Bacchus, relief detail from a Roman marble Dionysian sarcophagus, with bacchants playing the lyre and a drum, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The main scene on this sarcophagus is the Triumph of Bacchus over India, commemorating a parade honouring a victorious army commander. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0532.jpg
  • Imperial Roman legionaries in testudo formation, detail, bas relief from Glanum, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0537.jpg
  • Imperial Roman legionaries in testudo formation, bas relief from Glanum, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0536.jpg
  • Statue base with inscription dedicated to Mintathius Vitalis, a wine trader and Roman knight from Kanabae, 2nd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0539.jpg
  • Fountain with relief of cyclops mask with water spout in open mouth, honouring the emperor Claudius, limestone, Roman, 41 AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0542.jpg
  • Dionysian sarcophagus, marble, Roman, 3rd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The sarcophagus depicts tomb guardians, scenes of worship of Dionysus-Bacchus, his marriage to Ariadne, Hercules, an orgy, Pan, and Silenus. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0543.jpg
  • Dionysian sarcophagus, marble, Roman, 3rd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The sarcophagus depicts tomb guardians, scenes of worship of Dionysus-Bacchus, his marriage to Ariadne, Hercules, an orgy, Pan, and Silenus. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0544.jpg
  • Bust of Lucius Munatius Plancus, Roman senator and founder of Lugdunum, 87-15 BC, as an elderly man with hemiplegia, 1st century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0549.jpg
  • Mosaic of a young Bacchus, Roman, 3rd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0568.jpg
  • Mosaic of a young Bacchus, detail, Roman, 3rd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0569.jpg
  • Neptune, bronze statue, originally holding a dolphin and trident, Roman, 2nd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0570.jpg
  • Neptune, bronze statue, originally holding a dolphin and trident, Roman, 2nd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0571.jpg
  • Neptune, bronze statue, originally holding a dolphin and trident, Roman, 2nd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0573.jpg
  • Neptune, bronze statue, originally holding a dolphin and trident, Roman, 2nd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0572.jpg
  • Diana, goddess of hunting, restored Roman statue with original head and torso reworked from the Greek, 2nd - 3rd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0575.jpg
  • Bust of Zeus-Serapis, Roman, 2nd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0577.jpg
  • Mithras, relief of the Persian god wearing Phrygian cap wearing tunic and fibula, with apple tree, Roman, marble, 3rd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0578.jpg
  • Bull's leg, bronze sculpture, Roman, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0579.jpg
  • Winning horse after a race wearing crista or laurel branch, with rider or charioteer, marble relief, Roman, 2nd century, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0584.jpg
  • Funerary stela known as Lyon ladies stela, with portraits probably of mother and daughter, stone, Roman, 3rd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0587.jpg
  • Child's sarcophagus with relief of 2 cupids with birds on an altar, marble and crystal, early 2nd century AD, Roman, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0590.jpg
  • Cinerary casket with epitaph inscription to Appia Zoe and relief of columns, theatre masks, garlands of fruits flowers and pine cones, Roman, marble, early 3rd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0591.jpg
  • Mosaic of the drunkenness of Hercules, in Rhodanian style, Roman, 3rd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The mosaic depicts a drunk Hercules with a satyr and a bacchante and members of a procession. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0598.jpg
  • Mosaic with birds, lyres, horses and pigeons, Roman, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0599.jpg
  • Triumph of Bacchus, relief detail from a Roman marble Dionysian sarcophagus, with satyr at an altar and maenad playing the tambourine, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The main scene on this sarcophagus is the Triumph of Bacchus over India, commemorating a parade honouring a victorious army commander. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0603.jpg
  • Imperial Roman legionaries in testudo formation, detail, bas relief from Glanum, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0604.jpg
  • Base of a statue with inscription dedication to a priest from Tricasses at the Temple of the Three Gauls, Roman, early 3rd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0608.jpg
  • Base of a statue with inscription dedication to a priest from Tricasses at the temple of the 3 provinces of Gaul, Roman, early 3rd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0609.jpg
  • Water pump, carved from oak with bronze rings which held pistons operated by a handle, Roman, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0610.jpg
  • Dionysian sarcophagus, marble, Roman, 3rd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The sarcophagus depicts tomb guardians, scenes of worship of Dionysus-Bacchus, his marriage to Ariadne, Hercules, an orgy, Pan, and Silenus. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0611.jpg
  • Trifrons, sculpture with 3 faces, Roman, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0622.jpg
  • Neptune, detail, bronze statue, originally holding a dolphin and trident, Roman, 2nd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0623.jpg
  • Neptune, detail, bronze statue, originally holding a dolphin and trident, Roman, 2nd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0624.jpg
  • Young girl sitting on a rock, marble sculpture, Roman, 2nd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0625.jpg
  • Neptune, detail, bronze statue, originally holding a dolphin and trident, Roman, 2nd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0626.jpg
  • Bacchus-Dionysus with a panther holding a tambourine, detail from mosaic of Bacchus in India and the Four Seasons, Roman, 3rd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0627.jpg
  • Diana, goddess of hunting, restored Roman statue with original head and torso reworked from the Greek, 2nd - 3rd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0628.jpg
  • Diana, goddess of hunting, restored Roman statue with original head and torso reworked from the Greek, 2nd - 3rd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0629.jpg
  • Bust of Zeus-Serapis, Roman, 2nd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0630.jpg
  • Mithras, relief of the Persian god wearing Phrygian cap wearing tunic and fibula, with apple tree, Roman, marble, 3rd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0631.jpg
  • Altar with bas-reliefs of a bull's head and a harpee, a sacrificial hooked sword, and inscription commemorating a taurobole or sacrifice to the goddess Cybele for emperor Antoninus Pius, Roman, 160 AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0632.jpg
  • Mural fragment in 4th Pompeiian style, 50-70 AD, Roman, with red panels and a still life painting of rooster, fruit, jug, fish and hare (gifts of hospitality) flanked by shutters, from the Xenia house, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0633.jpg
  • Mural fragment in 4th Pompeiian style, detail, 50-70 AD, Roman, with red panels and a still life painting of rooster, fruit, jug, fish and hare (gifts of hospitality) flanked by shutters, from the Xenia house, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0634.jpg
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