manuel cohen

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  • Town and harbour of Nantes, seen from Chantenay in 1724, attributed to Jacques-Andre Portail, 1695-1759, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. From the Butte de Chantenay, the view of the port and the river Loire shows the amount of seafaring vessels in the city at this time. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0152.jpg
  • Town and harbour of Nantes, seen from Chantenay in 1724, attributed to Jacques-Andre Portail, 1695-1759, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. From the Butte de Chantenay, the view of the port and the river Loire shows the amount of seafaring vessels in the city at this time. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0003.jpg
  • Krystel Gualde, author of Nantes and the Atlantic Slave Trade, 2017, and scientific director at the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. Behind is the plan, profile and layout of the Nantes slave ship Marie Seraphique, outfitted by Gruel, captained by Gaugy, 1769, by Rene L'Hermitte, and views of the Nantes coast in the 18th and 19th centuries. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0128.jpg
  • Port of Nantes seen from the shipbuilding docks, 1776, engraving, by Nicolas Ozanne, 1728-1811, part of a series of French ports for King Louis XVI, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0030.jpg
  • Portrait of Dominique Deurbroucq, oil painting, 1753, by Pierre-Bernard Morlot, 1716-80, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The Dutch-born Nantes trader is in his study with his young African slave boy, symbol of his success. Deurbroucq worked as a slave trader twice, in 1734 and 1742, and otherwise traded in armaments and colonial goods. In 1777, there were 700 individuals of Creole or African origin in Nantes. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0140.jpg
  • Order of the King’s Council of State allowing the sale in Nantes of goods from the Indies via the Compagnie des Indes, using Compagnie de France ships, 13th August 1719, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The Compagnie des Indes sold pepper, porcelain and textiles to the wealthy merchants and citizens of Nantes in the 18th century. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0145.jpg
  • Portrait of Dominique Deurbroucq, detail, oil painting, 1753, by Pierre-Bernard Morlot, 1716-80, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The Dutch-born Nantes trader is in his study with his young African slave boy, symbol of his success. Deurbroucq worked as a slave trader twice, in 1734 and 1742, and otherwise traded in armaments and colonial goods. In 1777, there were 700 individuals of Creole or African origin in Nantes. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0143.jpg
  • Shaving dish, 1773, from Nantes, ceramic dish painted with an image of the slave ship Marie Seraphique, commemorating her campaign of 1773 when 333 blacks were sold in Santo Domingo, under the foreman Rene La Porte, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0022.jpg
  • Plan, profile and layout of the Nantes slave ship Marie Seraphique, outfitted by Gruel, captained by Gaugy, 1769, by Rene L'Hermitte, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The plans precisely illustrate how the ship's cargo of goods and slaves was organised. 307 slaves from Angola were brought by canoe to the ship and stored in the between-deck, and the crossing is charted in the bottom section. The document was commissioned by the shipowner, for the campaign of 25th August - 16th December 1769. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0148.jpg
  • Alkemy, king of Adrat in Guinea, engraving, late 17th century, by Francois Gerard Jollain, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. In 1670 Alkemy sent an ambassador, Mateo Lopes, to France to agree a trade agreement with king Louis XIV. French ships were protected in Adrat (along the current coast of Benin and Togo) and Nantes slave ships profited hugely until 1724, when the kingdom of Adrat became part of Dahomey. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0017.jpg
  • Voucher for 3 men and 3 women payable to Mr Horquelard, captain of the Nantes slave ship Etoile, who transported the slaves to Port au Prince in Haiti, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. Slaves were often bought by settlers on credit, with vouchers issued by traders. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0021.jpg
  • Plan, profile and layout of the Nantes slave ship Marie Seraphique, outfitted by Gruel, captained by Gaugy, 1769, by Rene L'Hermitte, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The plans precisely illustrate how the ship's cargo of goods and slaves was organised. 307 slaves from Angola were brought by canoe to the ship and stored in the between-deck, and the crossing is charted in the bottom section. The document was commissioned by the shipowner, for the campaign of 25th August - 16th December 1769. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0147.jpg
  • Table of the sale of the cargo of the Nantes slave ship Pere de Famille, in Port au Prince, Haiti, on 10th November 1788, from the Musee des Salorges fund, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. This heavy tonnage ship transported 587 men, women and children, 9 of whom were reserved for the captain or shipowner to become servants. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0151.jpg
  • Slave market selling 340 Africans, on board the Nantes slave ship Marie Seraphique, captained by Gaugy, on its 3rd campaign from Angola, 1772-73, with Cap-Francais, Hispaniola (now Haiti) behind, detail, from the Musee des Salorges fund, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0009.jpg
  • La Musette, model of an 18th century slave ship from Nantes, from the Musee des Salorges fund, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. This ship sailed in 5 trading campaigns 1783-90. The guardrail on deck divides space used by crew and slaves. Until arrival in Africa, the hold stored goods and was then transformed to a slave hold, with shelves to hold more bodies. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0013.jpg
  • The Aurora, model of slave ship from Nantes, by Jean-Paul Cousinou and Jean Lucas, 2002, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The ship has a large hold and is stocked for a trip to the colonies. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0014.jpg
  • Order of the King's Council of State concerning the trademarks to be affixed to pieces of muslin and white cotton canvas from the West Indies, Nantes, 18th October 1721, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. To protect national textile production, fabrics imported by th Compagnie des Indes were trademarked and taxed, and their sale tightly controlled. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0144.jpg
  • 307 slaves from Angola stored in the between-deck, detail from the plan, profile and layout of the Nantes slave ship Marie Seraphique, outfitted by Gruel, captained by Gaugy, 1769, by Rene L'Hermitte, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The plans precisely illustrate how the ship's cargo of goods and slaves was organised. The crossing is charted in the bottom section. The document was commissioned by the shipowner, for the campaign of 25th August - 16th December 1769. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0149.jpg
  • Slave market selling 340 Africans, on board the Nantes slave ship Marie Seraphique, captained by Gaugy, on its 3rd campaign from Angola, 1772-73, with Cap-Francais, Hispaniola (now Haiti) behind, from the Musee des Salorges fund, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0150.jpg
  • Krystel Gualde, author of Nantes and the Atlantic Slave Trade, 2017, and scientific director at the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. Behind is the portrait of Marguerite Deurbroucq, oil painting, 1753, by Pierre-Bernard Morlot, 1716-80, showing the wife of Dominique Deurbroucq, a trader, wearing a fashionable silk dress, with a pet parrot, served by a black slave who brings sugar for her coffee. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0127.JPG
  • New nautical chart increasing in degrees, of he maritime coasts of Brittany and Poitou, from Croizie to Anse de St Gilles, and the river of Nantes with deep waters and sand banks, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0002.jpg
  • Slave presenting a cigar tray, 18th century cigar display stand from Nantes, late 18th century, from the Musee des Salorges fund, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0010.jpg
  • Portrait Joseph de la Selle, 1678-1747, a merchant from Nantes, oil painting, c. 1705, by Jean Ranc, 1674-1735), in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0142.jpg
  • West facade of the Palais de la Bourse, or Nantes Stock Exchange, built 1790-1815 by Mathurin Crucy in neoclassical style, now a Fnac shop, on the Place de la Bourse, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. This facade features 10 Doric columns with statues above each, representing Laws, Abundance, Fine Arts, Geography, City of Nantes, America, Africa, Asia, Europe and Prudence. In front of the building is the statue of Georges de Villebois-Mareuil, a soldier from Nantes who died in the Boer War, 1906, by Charles Raoul Verlet, 1857-1923. Nantes was an important trading port and wealthy city, having profited from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. The building is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0097.jpg
  • Port of Painbeuf, 1776, engraving, by Nicolas Ozanne, 1728-1811, part of a series of French ports for King Louis XVI, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0005.jpg
  • Indigo industry, including threshing and grinding of the pods and drying the leaves, engraving from the Art of the Indigotier, 1770, by Gauthier de Beauvais-Raseau, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. Slaves worked the land and processed crops on large plantations, and illustrated manuals were published to inform settlers of working methods and profitable exploitation. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0012.jpg
  • King of Monomotapa, engraving, late 17th century, by Francois Gerard Jollain, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. Monomotapa is on the coast of present-day Mozambique, trading since the 10th century with the Middle East and India, and in the 16th century with the Portuguese. French slave traders came here after 1693 when the West coast kingdoms no longer supplied so many slaves. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0016.jpg
  • Octant, 19th century, a nautical navigational instrument used to calculate the latitude of a ship, from the Musee des Salorges fund, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0004.jpg
  • Map and nautical chart of the coast of Guinea from the Sierra Leonz river to Cape Lopes Consalvo, for use by a French slave ship, 1750, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. By the 18th century, Guinea was no longer used for slave sales, but remained a stop off point for slave ships off the African coast. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0007.jpg
  • Africans attacking a slave ship in canoes and repelled with cannon fire, on the African coast, watercolour painting, late 18th century, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0008.jpg
  • Shackles and chains, 18th century, used on slaves when on land, from the Musee des Salorges fund, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. On the left is a deed of liberation of a slave on the Ile de Goree, Senegal, 17th February 1789, signed by Francois Blanchot de Verly, 1735-1807, governor of Senegal. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0015.jpg
  • Slaves working on a tobacco plantation, engraving, 1722, from Nouveau Voyage aux Iles de l’Amerique, by Jean-Baptiste Labat, 1663-1738, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. Although not as important as sugar or coffee, tobacco was grown in the colonies and exported to France. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0024.jpg
  • Iron neck shackles with spikes, used on 'brown slaves' or 'esclaves marrons', 18th century, from the Musee des Salorges fund, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0025.jpg
  • List of the state of slaves, with their name, age and price, bought from the Thebaudieres house in the Dominican Republic, 8th May 1791, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0026.jpg
  • Ship's chest used in the captain's apartments for documents and precious objects, with a secret hidden keyhole, late 18th century, from the Musee des Salorges fund, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The castle was originally built in 1207 and rebuilt 1466, and was the residence of the Dukes of Brittany until the 16th century, when it became a royal palace. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0034.jpg
  • Room with models of slave ships, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The castle was originally built in 1207 and rebuilt 1466, and was the residence of the Dukes of Brittany until the 16th century, when it became a royal palace. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0037.JPG
  • Woman's head, wooden sculpture, 18th century, from a ship (women were thought to bring bad luck on ships, but nevertheless often appeared in their decoration), in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0006.jpg
  • Deed of liberation of a slave on the Ile de Goree, Senegal, 17th February 1789, signed by Francois Blanchot de Verly, 1735-1807, governor of Senegal, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. This document frees a slave who denounced a revolt in Goree, occupied by the French from 1674, an important stopover for slave ships. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0019.jpg
  • Woman's head, wooden sculpture, 18th century, from a ship (women were thought to bring bad luck on ships, but nevertheless often appeared in their decoration), in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0029.jpg
  • Portrait of Marguerite Deurbroucq, oil painting, 1753, by Pierre-Bernard Morlot, 1716-80, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The wife of Dominique Deurbroucq, a trader, is shown with  Louis XV style furniture and wearing a fashionable silk dress, with a pet parrot. She is served by a black slave, bringing sugar for her coffee, whose dark skin accentuates the whiteness of the lady's, a sign of beauty. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0141.jpg
  • Portrait of Marguerite Deurbroucq, detail, oil painting, 1753, by Pierre-Bernard Morlot, 1716-80, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The wife of Dominique Deurbroucq, a trader, is shown with Louis XV style furniture and wearing a fashionable silk dress, with a pet parrot. She is served by a black slave, bringing sugar for her coffee, whose dark skin accentuates the whiteness of the lady's, a sign of beauty. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0001.jpg
  • Universal sundial, late 18th - early 19th century, developed by David Beringer, which can be adapted to the user's latitude and is used in nautical navigation, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0033.JPG
  • Room in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. In the centre is a ship's figurehead of St George, late 18th - early 19th century, with arm raised to hold the sword with which he killed the dragon, found at La Roche-Bernard, Brittany, from the Musee des Salorges fund. Behind are portraits of Dominique and Marguerite Deurbroucq with their slaves, 1753, by Pierre-Bernard Morlot. The castle was originally built in 1207 and rebuilt 1466, and was the residence of the Dukes of Brittany until the 16th century, when it became a royal palace. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0035.JPG
  • Whipping, overseer punishing a slave, hand coloured drawing, early 19th century, by Jean-Baptiste Debret, 1768-1848, from the Musee des Salorges fund, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0038.jpg
  • West facade of the Palais de la Bourse, or Nantes Stock Exchange, built 1790-1815 by Mathurin Crucy in neoclassical style, now a Fnac shop, on the Place de la Bourse, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. This facade features 10 Doric columns with statues above each, representing Laws, Abundance, Fine Arts, Geography, City of Nantes, America, Africa, Asia, Europe and Prudence. Nantes was an important trading port and wealthy city, having profited from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. The building is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0099.jpg
  • Indigo industry, including working the land, planting the crop and harvesting, engraving from the Art of the Indigotier, 1770, by Gauthier de Beauvais-Raseau, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. Slaves worked the land and processed crops on large plantations, and illustrated manuals were published to inform settlers of working methods and profitable exploitation. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0011.jpg
  • Tally of French, English, Portuguese and Dutch at Xavier, Guinea, on the Voyage of the Chevalier des Marchais from Guinea, Africa, to Cayenne, French Guiana, 1725, 1726 and 1727, by Jean-Baptiste Labat, 1663-1738, 1730, from the Musee des Salorges fund, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The illustration depicts the coexistence of many European nations at the trading post, with compounds for the French, Portuguese, English and Dutch. The director is carried by his servants in a litter The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0018.jpg
  • Histoire de L'Isle Espagnole ou de Saint Domingue, or History of Hispaniola, 1730, book by Pierre-Francois-Xavier de Charlevoix, 1662-1761, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0020.jpg
  • Invoice for the transport of goods from the slave ship Le Bon Pere, on behalf of the ship La Madame, in Port au Prince, Haiti,  7th February 1788, from the Musee des Salorges fund, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0023.JPG
  • Monthly report for the home of Mr Boutin, owner of a sugar factory in the Dominican Republic, 1st August - 1st September 1791, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. these reports were drawn up by managers for owners who were often in France. Slaves are listed next to types of cattle, and their children are listed as objects. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0027.jpg
  • Le Code Noir, or the Black Code, a book of regulations on slavery in the French colonies, 1742 edition, from the Musee des Salorges fund, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The rules cover government, justice, police, discipline and trade. Originally published in March 1685, written by Jean-Baptiste Colbert under King Louis XIV, the text attempts to marry the ownership of slaves with the Christian society of the 17th century. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0028.JPG
  • St Elmo, patron saint of seafarers, statue, detail, late 17th - early 18th century, from the Musee des Salorges fund, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The cult of St Elmo was rife at this time as sea voyages were so dangerous. St Elmo was invoked during storms, when electrically charged skies caused 'St Elmo's fire' on the masts. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0031.jpg
  • Nocturnal, a nautical instrument used to calculate the time from the stars, from the Musee des Salorges fund, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0032.JPG
  • Le Code Noir, or the Black Code, a book of regulations on slavery in the French colonies, 1742 edition, from the Musee des Salorges fund, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The rules cover government,  justice, police, discipline and trade. Originally published in March 1685, written by Jean-Baptiste Colbert under King Louis XIV, the text attempts to marry the ownership of slaves with the Christian society of the 17th century. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0036.jpg
  • St Elmo, patron saint of seafarers, statue, late 17th - early 18th century, from the Musee des Salorges fund, in the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in the Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The cult of St Elmo was rife at this time as sea voyages were so dangerous. St Elmo was invoked during storms, when electrically charged skies caused 'St Elmo's fire' on the masts. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0146.jpg
  • Grue Titan de Nantes, a Titan crane built in 1954, now disused, formerly part of the Dubigeon shipyards, made by Joseph Paris of Nantes, on the Ile de Nantes, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The crane forms part of the Parc des Chantiers, a 13 hectare public park on the industrial heritage site of the former shipyards, which closed in 1987. The crane is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0261.jpg
  • Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, now the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The castle was originally built in 1207 and rebuilt 1466, and was the residence of the Dukes of Brittany until the 16th century, when it became a royal palace. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. The castle is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0162.jpg
  • Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, now the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The castle was originally built in 1207 and rebuilt 1466, and was the residence of the Dukes of Brittany until the 16th century, when it became a royal palace. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. The castle is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0163.jpg
  • Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, now the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The castle was originally built in 1207 and rebuilt 1466, and was the residence of the Dukes of Brittany until the 16th century, when it became a royal palace. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. The castle is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0126.jpg
  • Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, now the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The castle was originally built in 1207 and rebuilt 1466, and was the residence of the Dukes of Brittany until the 16th century, when it became a royal palace. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. The castle is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0164.jpg
  • Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, now the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The castle was originally built in 1207 and rebuilt 1466, and was the residence of the Dukes of Brittany until the 16th century, when it became a royal palace. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. The castle is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0110.jpg
  • Chateau des ducs de Bretagne, now the Musee d'histoire de Nantes, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The castle was originally built in 1207 and rebuilt 1466, and was the residence of the Dukes of Brittany until the 16th century, when it became a royal palace. The museum opened in 2007 and covers the history of Nantes, focusing on slavery, world wars, industrialisation and the chateau. The castle is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0131.jpg
  • Totem, 1 of a dozen information panels explaining the historical context of the slave trade on the city of Nantes, on the Rue Kervegan on Ile Feydeau, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting greatly from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. The Ile Feydeau area, a former island in the Loire, was developed from the 1720s with large mansions built by wealthy shipowners and slave traders. The Rue Kervegan is its main street, named after Nantes mayor and shipowner Christophe-Clair Danyel de Kervegan, 1735-1817, and houses 20 such buildings. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0113.jpg
  • Totem, 1 of a dozen information panels explaining the historical context of the slave trade on the city of Nantes, on the Quai de la Fosse, Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. This quayside area houses the large mansions built by wealthy shipowners and slave traders, but also previously housed many bars and a red light district frequented by sailors. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0159.jpg
  • Engraved glass plate by Emmanuel Barrois and Krzysztof Wodiczko, 1 of 2000, remembering La Sirene, a slave ship which departed Nantes in 1754, set into the ground at the Memorial de l'Abolition de l'Esclavage, or Memorial to the Abolition of Slavery, inaugurated 25th March 2012, on the Quai de la Fosse, a port quay along the right bank of the river Loire in the centre of Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0138.jpg
  • Mask representing a pirate, on the facade of a mansion on the Rue Kervegan on Ile Feydeau, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting greatly from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. The Ile Feydeau area, a former island in the Loire, was developed from the 1720s with large mansions built by wealthy shipowners and slave traders. The Rue Kervegan is its main street, named after Nantes mayor and shipowner Christophe-Clair Danyel de Kervegan, 1735-1817, and houses 20 such buildings. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0078.jpg
  • Mask representing a pirate, on the facade of a mansion on the Rue Kervegan on Ile Feydeau, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting greatly from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. The Ile Feydeau area, a former island in the Loire, was developed from the 1720s with large mansions built by wealthy shipowners and slave traders. The Rue Kervegan is its main street, named after Nantes mayor and shipowner Christophe-Clair Danyel de Kervegan, 1735-1817, and houses 20 such buildings. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0079.jpg
  • Engraved glass plate by Emmanuel Barrois and Krzysztof Wodiczko, in the Memorial de l'Abolition de l'Esclavage, or Memorial to the Abolition of Slavery, inaugurated 25th March 2012, on the Quai de la Fosse, a port quay along the right bank of the river Loire in the centre of Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. In the ground are set 2000 of these glass plates, commemorating elements of the slave trade - this one remembers Ma Bretonne, a slave ship which departed Nantes in 1824. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0264.jpg
  • Hotel d'Arquistade, a private mansion built in the 18th century by Germain Boffrand, in a mixture of classical and Louis XV styles, at 1 Place de la Bourse, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The building's sponsor, Rene d'Arquistade, 1680-1754, was a shipowner and former mayor of Nantes. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. The city houses large mansions built by wealthy shipowners and slave traders. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0063.jpg
  • Mask representing a pirate, on the facade of a mansion on the Rue Kervegan on Ile Feydeau, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting greatly from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. The Ile Feydeau area, a former island in the Loire, was developed from the 1720s with large mansions built by wealthy shipowners and slave traders. The Rue Kervegan is its main street, named after Nantes mayor and shipowner Christophe-Clair Danyel de Kervegan, 1735-1817, and houses 20 such buildings. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0077.jpg
  • Totem, 1 of a dozen information panels explaining the historical context of the slave trade on the city of Nantes, on the Quai de la Fosse, Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. This quayside area houses the large mansions built by wealthy shipowners and slave traders, but also previously housed many bars and a red light district frequented by sailors. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0093.jpg
  • Engraved glass plate by Emmanuel Barrois and Krzysztof Wodiczko, 1 of 2000, remembering L'Africain, a slave ship which departed Nantes in 1785, set into the ground at the Memorial de l'Abolition de l'Esclavage, or Memorial to the Abolition of Slavery, inaugurated 25th March 2012, on the Quai de la Fosse, a port quay along the right bank of the river Loire in the centre of Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0090.jpg
  • Street sign for the Rue Kervegan on Ile Feydeau, in the 4th arrondissement of Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting greatly from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. The Ile Feydeau area, a former island in the Loire, was developed from the 1720s with large mansions built by wealthy shipowners and slave traders. The Rue Kervegan is its main street, named after Nantes mayor and shipowner Christophe-Clair Danyel de Kervegan, 1735-1817, and houses 20 such buildings. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0112.JPG
  • Blue street sign for the Rue Kervegan on Ile Feydeau, in the 4th arrondissement of Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. Straed Kervegan is the Breton equivalent of the modern French. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting greatly from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. The Ile Feydeau area, a former island in the Loire, was developed from the 1720s with large mansions built by wealthy shipowners and slave traders. The Rue Kervegan is its main street, named after Nantes mayor and shipowner Christophe-Clair Danyel de Kervegan, 1735-1817, and houses 20 such buildings. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0115.jpg
  • Les Anneaux de Buren, or Les Anneaux (the Rings), sculpture by Daniel Buren and Patrick Bouchain on the Quai des Antilles, on the Ile de Nantes, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The 18 steel rings were created for the contemporary art festival Estuaire in 2007, and are illuminated at night. They form part of the Parc des Chantiers, a 13 hectare public park on the industrial heritage site of the former shipyards, which closed in 1987. Behind is the Quai de la Fosse and the Maille-Breze, a French naval T 47-class destroyer commissioned in 1957, built by the built by Arsenal de Lorient, decommissioned in 1988 and now a museum ship. The ship is named after the French admiral Jean Armand de Maillr-Breze, 1619–46, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0267.jpg
  • Mask representing a bourgeois slave trader from Nantes, on the facade of a mansion on the Quai Turenne on Ile Feydeau, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting greatly from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. The Ile Feydeau area, a former island in the Loire, was developed from the 1720s with large mansions built by wealthy shipowners and slave traders. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0076.jpg
  • Rue Kervegan on Ile Feydeau, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting greatly from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. The Ile Feydeau area, a former island in the Loire, was developed from the 1720s with large mansions built by wealthy shipowners and slave traders. The Rue Kervegan is its main street, named after Nantes mayor and shipowner Christophe-Clair Danyel de Kervegan, 1735-1817, and houses 20 such buildings. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0100.jpg
  • Le Pavillon de la Fraternite, a wooden building by Atao, used as an education site for school groups visiting the project to build a replica of the slave ship L'Aurore, inaugurated September 2012 by Francois Bourgeon, sponsor of the 'La Fraternite, Bateau Pedagogique' project, on the Ile de Nantes, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The building forms part of the Parc des Chantiers, a 13 hectare public park on the industrial heritage site of the former shipyards, which closed in 1987. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0129.jpg
  • Le Pavillon de la Fraternite, a wooden building by Atao, used as an education site for school groups visiting the project to build a replica of the slave ship L'Aurore, inaugurated September 2012 by Francois Bourgeon, sponsor of the 'La Fraternite, Bateau Pedagogique' project, on the Ile de Nantes, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The building forms part of the Parc des Chantiers, a 13 hectare public park on the industrial heritage site of the former shipyards, which closed in 1987. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0087.jpg
  • Carrousel des Mondes Marins, a carousel and mechanical aquarium, designed by Francois Delaroziere and Pierre Orefice and opened in 2012, part of the Machines de l'Ile, on the Ile de Nantes, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The 25m carousel has 3 layers - the sea bed, the abyss and the sea surface, with moveable creatures and rides, holding 300 people at a time. The carousel forms part of the Parc des Chantiers, a 13 hectare public park on the industrial heritage site of the former shipyards, which closed in 1987. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0262.jpg
  • Memorial de l'Abolition de l'Esclavage, or Memorial to the Abolition of Slavery, inaugurated 25th March 2012, on the Quai de la Fosse, a port quay along the right bank of the river Loire in the centre of Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. In the ground are set 2000 glass plates by Emmanuel Barrois and Krzysztof Wodiczko, commemorating elements of the slave trade. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. This quayside area houses the large mansions built by shipowners, but also previously housed many bars and a red light district frequented by sailors. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0156.jpg
  • Timeline in the exhibition space at the Memorial de l'Abolition de l'Esclavage, or Memorial to the Abolition of Slavery, designed by Julian Bonder, inaugurated 25th March 2012, on the Quai de la Fosse, a port quay along the right bank of the river Loire in the centre of Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. In the ground outside are set 2000 glass plates by Emmanuel Barrois and Krzysztof Wodiczko, commemorating elements of the slave trade. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0042.jpg
  • Shipowner's mansion, entrance to living quarters via an alley, built 18th century in neoclassical style, at 41 Quai de la Fosse, Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. This quayside area houses the large mansions built by wealthy shipowners and slave traders, but also previously housed many bars and a red light district frequented by sailors. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0053.jpg
  • Zephyr, detail, on the facade of the Hotel Tronchon, also known as La Maison Trochon, Hotel Trochon or Hotel des Zephyrs, a mansion built 1742 in neoclassical style by Pierre Rousseau, for the shipowner Trochon, at 17 Quai de la Fosse, Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The facade displays many masks and balcony supports of zephyrs, or young boys with butterfly wings. The building is listed as a historic monument. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. This quayside area houses the large mansions built by wealthy shipowners and slave traders. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0056.jpg
  • Mask representing the African continent, on the facade of the Hotel des Freres Raimbaud, an 18th century mansion on the Quai Turenne on Ile Feydeau, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The building is listed as a historic monument. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting greatly from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century, although the Rimbaud brothers were wood merchants. The Ile Feydeau area, a former island in the Loire, was developed from the 1720s with large mansions built by wealthy shipowners and slave traders. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0080.jpg
  • Shipowner's mansion, built 18th century in neoclassical style, at 41 and 42 Quai de la Fosse, Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. This quayside area houses the large mansions built by wealthy shipowners and slave traders, but also previously housed many bars and a red light district frequented by sailors. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0092.jpg
  • Mask representing Mercury, messenger to the gods, detail, on the facade of the Hotel Tronchon, also known as La Maison Trochon, Hotel Trochon or Hotel des Zephyrs, a mansion built 1742 in neoclassical style by Pierre Rousseau, for the shipowner Trochon, at 17 Quai de la Fosse, Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The facade displays many masks and balcony supports of zephyrs, or young boys with butterfly wings. The building is listed as a historic monument. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. This quayside area houses the large mansions built by wealthy shipowners and slave traders. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0094.jpg
  • Mask representing Earth, on the facade of Hotel Grou, a neoclassical mansion built 1747-52 for Guillaume Grou, a shipowner and slave trader, on the corner of Rue Kervegan and the Place de la Petite-Hollande, on the Ile Feydeau, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The building was extended in the 19th century, and is listed as a historic monument. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting greatly from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. The Ile Feydeau area, a former island in the Loire, was developed from the 1720s with large mansions built by wealthy shipowners and slave traders. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0119.jpg
  • Mask representing an African woman, on the facade of a building on the Allee Brancas in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century, and houses many large mansions built by wealthy shipowners and slave traders. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0134.jpg
  • Le Mur Tombe du Ciel, or The Wall Fallen from the Sky, fresco, 2011, on a 10m section of wall, by Jean-Luc Courcoult and David Bartex, created for the Royal de Luxe show and then restored in 2018 and moved to the Place Ricordeau, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The fresco records the true history of Nantes, from the Middle Ages to the present day, depicting 300 historical characters. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0266.jpg
  • Blue street sign for the Rue Saint Domingue, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. Nantes was an important trading port, and shipowners profited greatly from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0157.jpg
  • Mansion on the Quai Turenne on the Ile Feydeau, with facades of 18th century neoclassical mansions built for shipowners and slave traders, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting greatly from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. The Ile Feydeau area, a former island in the Loire, was developed from the 1720s with large mansions built by wealthy shipowners and slave traders, under the patronage of Paul Esprit Feydeau de Brou, minister of state. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0161.jpg
  • Mask representing Mercury, messenger to the gods, detail, on the facade of the Hotel Tronchon, also known as La Maison Trochon, Hotel Trochon or Hotel des Zephyrs, a mansion built 1742 in neoclassical style by Pierre Rousseau, for the shipowner Trochon, at 17 Quai de la Fosse, Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The facade displays many masks and balcony supports of zephyrs, or young boys with butterfly wings. The building is listed as a historic monument. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. This quayside area houses the large mansions built by wealthy shipowners and slave traders. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0165.jpg
  • Memorial de l'Abolition de l'Esclavage, or Memorial to the Abolition of Slavery, inaugurated 25th March 2012, on the Quai de la Fosse, a port quay along the right bank of the river Loire in the centre of Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. In the ground are set 2000 glass plates by Emmanuel Barrois and Krzysztof Wodiczko, commemorating elements of the slave trade. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. This quayside area houses the large mansions built by shipowners, but also previously housed many bars and a red light district frequented by sailors. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0169.jpg
  • Internal courtyard with staircase, at Le Temple du Gout, a mansion built 1753-54 by Pierre Rousseau 1716-97, for the shipowner Guillaume Grou, on the Ile Feydeau in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The building's facade is at 16 Allee Duguay-Trouin, and is pyramidal in design, in a style known as Baroque Nantais, a local Rococo style. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. The Ile Feydeau area, a former island in the Loire, was developed from the 1720s with large mansions built by wealthy shipowners and slave traders. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0167.jpg
  • Entrance to the exhibition space at the Memorial de l'Abolition de l'Esclavage, or Memorial to the Abolition of Slavery, designed by Julian Bonder, inaugurated 25th March 2012, on the Quai de la Fosse, a port quay along the right bank of the river Loire in the centre of Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. In the ground are set 2000 glass plates by Emmanuel Barrois and Krzysztof Wodiczko, commemorating elements of the slave trade. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0039.jpg
  • Timeline in the exhibition space at the Memorial de l'Abolition de l'Esclavage, or Memorial to the Abolition of Slavery, designed by Julian Bonder, inaugurated 25th March 2012, on the Quai de la Fosse, a port quay along the right bank of the river Loire in the centre of Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. In the ground outside are set 2000 glass plates by Emmanuel Barrois and Krzysztof Wodiczko, commemorating elements of the slave trade. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0041.jpg
  • Memorial de l'Abolition de l'Esclavage, or Memorial to the Abolition of Slavery, inaugurated 25th March 2012, on the Quai de la Fosse, a port quay along the right bank of the river Loire in the centre of Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. In the ground are set 2 inscribed plaques and 2000 glass plates by Emmanuel Barrois and Krzysztof Wodiczko, commemorating elements of the slave trade. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0049.jpg
  • Memorial de l'Abolition de l'Esclavage, or Memorial to the Abolition of Slavery, inaugurated 25th March 2012, on the Quai de la Fosse, a port quay along the right bank of the river Loire in the centre of Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. In the ground are set 2000 glass plates by Emmanuel Barrois and Krzysztof Wodiczko, commemorating elements of the slave trade. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0051.jpg
  • Hotel Tronchon, also known as La Maison Trochon, Hotel Trochon or Hotel des Zephyrs, a mansion built 1742 in neoclassical style by Pierre Rousseau, for the shipowner Trochon, at 17 Quai de la Fosse, Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. The facade displays many masks and balcony supports of zephyrs, or young boys with butterfly wings. The building is listed as a historic monument. Nantes was an important trading port, profiting from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. This quayside area houses the large mansions built by wealthy shipowners and slave traders, but also previously housed many bars and a red light district frequented by sailors. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0054.jpg
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