manuel cohen

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  • Buttresses of Cathedral of Saint Mary of Tortosa, and Castle of Sant Joan or La Suda, Tortosa, Tarragona, Spain. The Catalan Gothic cathedral, on the left, was begun in 1347 and consecrated 1597. The 10th century Castle of Sant Joan was built by Muslim Caliph Abd ar-Rahman III. It was conquered in 1148 and became residence of the Montcada and Knights Templar, then a royal mansion from the 13th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN12_MC482.jpg
  • Houses of the old city of Tortosa along the right bank of the Ebro river, with the castle of Sant Joan or La Suda on the hill behind, Tortosa, Tarragona, Spain. The castle was built in the 10th century under the muslim Caliph Abd ar-Rahman III and has been a royal mansion since the 13th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN12_MC479.jpg
  • Mezzanine floor with wooden balcony reserved for women, Hassan II Mosque or Grande Mosquee Hassan II, 1993, Michel Pinseau (1924-1999), civil engineering group Bouygues, Casablanca, Morocco. Picture by Manuel Cohen. The use of this image may require further clearance / Merci de vous assurer que l'utilisation finale de l'image ne necessite pas d'autorisation supplementaire.
    LCMOROCCO_11_MC084.jpg
  • Prayer Hall, Hassan II Mosque or Grande Mosquee Hassan II, 1993, Michel Pinseau (1924-1999), civil engineering group Bouygues, Casablanca, Morocco. Picture by Manuel Cohen. The use of this image may require further clearance / Merci de vous assurer que l'utilisation finale de l'image ne necessite pas d'autorisation supplementaire.
    LCMOROCCO_11_MC085.jpg
  • Hassan II Mosque or Grande Mosquee Hassan II, rising above the Atlantic Ocean, 1993, Michel Pinseau (1924-1999), civil engineering group Bouygues, Casablanca, Morocco. Picture by Manuel Cohen. The use of this image may require further clearance / Merci de vous assurer que l'utilisation finale de l'image ne necessite pas d'autorisation supplementaire.
    LCMOROCCO_11_MC087.jpg
  • Prayer Hall, Hassan II Mosque or Grande Mosquee Hassan II, 1993, Michel Pinseau (1924-1999), civil engineering group Bouygues, Casablanca, Morocco. Picture by Manuel Cohen. The use of this image may require further clearance / Merci de vous assurer que l'utilisation finale de l'image ne necessite pas d'autorisation supplementaire.
    LCMOROCCO_11_MC080.jpg
  • General view of Hagia Sophia, 532-37, by Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles, Istanbul, Turkey, at sunset. Hagia Sophia, The Church of the Holy Wisdom, has been a  Byzantine church and an Ottoman mosque and is now a museum. The current building, the third on the site, commissioned by Emperor Justinian I, is a very fine example of Byzantine architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC101.jpg
  • Low angle view of Suleymaniye Mosque or Mosque of Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent (Suleymaniye Camii) 1550-58, by Mimar Sinan, Istanbul, Turkey. Commissioned by Suleiman the Magnificent, and located on Istanbul's Third Hill, Suleymaniye Mosque was restored in 1665 after a fire, in 1766 due to an earthquake and in 1956 after damage in World War I. The mosque itself is preceded by a monumental courtyard (avlu). At the four corners of the courtyard are the four minarets. The dome is buttressed by two half-domes and two typanum walls. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC099.jpg
  • Low angle view of Suleymaniye Mosque or Mosque of Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent (Suleymaniye Camii) 1550-58, by Mimar Sinan, Istanbul, Turkey. Commissioned by Suleiman the Magnificent, and located on Istanbul's Third Hill, Suleymaniye Mosque was restored in 1665 after a fire, in 1766 due to an earthquake and in 1956 after damage in World War I. The mosque itself is preceded by a monumental courtyard (avlu). At the four corners of the courtyard are the four minarets. The dome is buttressed by two half-domes and two typanum walls. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC058.jpg
  • View from below of ceilings within domes, Suleymaniye Mosque or Mosque of Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent (Suleymaniye Camii) 1550-57, by Mimar Sinan, Istanbul, Turkey. Suleymaniye Mosque , commissioned by Suleiman the Magnificent, and located on Istanbul's Third Hill, was restored in 1665 after a fire, in 1766 due to an earthquake and in 1956 after damage in World War I. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC054.jpg
  • Detail of ornate tiled ceiling, Sultan Ahmed Mosque, or Blue Mosque, 1609-16, by Mehmet Aga, Istanbul, Turkey. Built near the Hagia Sophia, the Blue Mosque combines Byzantine style with Islamic architecture. The blue tiles of the interior inspired its popular name, The Blue Mosque. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC039.jpg
  • Detail of ornate tiled ceiling, Sultan Ahmed Mosque, or Blue Mosque, 1609-16, by Mehmet Aga, Istanbul, Turkey. Built near the Hagia Sophia, the Blue Mosque combines Byzantine style with Islamic architecture. The blue tiles of the interior inspired its popular name, The Blue Mosque. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC038.jpg
  • Detail of Deesis mosaic, 12th-13th century, showing Virgin Mary, Jesus Christ, and John the Baptist, Hagia Sophia, 532-37, by Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles, Istanbul, Turkey. Hagia Sophia, The Church of the Holy Wisdom, has been a  Byzantine church and an Ottoman mosque and is now a museum. The current building, the third on the site, commissioned by Emperor Justinian I, is a very fine example of Byzantine architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC018.jpg
  • View from below of interior and domes showing Islamic elements in the ceiling,  Hagia Sophia, 532-37, by Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles, Istanbul, Turkey. Hagia Sophia, The Church of the Holy Wisdom, has been a  Byzantine church and an Ottoman mosque and is now a museum. The current building, the third on the site, commissioned by Emperor Justinian I, is a very fine example of Byzantine architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC011.jpg
  • View from below of interior and domes showing Islamic elements in the ceiling,  Hagia Sophia, 532-37, by Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles, Istanbul, Turkey. Hagia Sophia, The Church of the Holy Wisdom, has been a  Byzantine church and an Ottoman mosque and is now a museum. The current building, the third on the site, commissioned by Emperor Justinian I, is a very fine example of Byzantine architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC009.jpg
  • Low angle view of arcaded courtyard with hexagonal fountain and a minaret in the background beneath a cloudy sky, Sultan Ahmed Mosque, or Blue Mosque, 1609-16, by Mehmet Aga, Istanbul, Turkey. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque, commissioned by Sultan Ahmed I, was built near the Hagia Sophia and combines Byzantine style with Islamic architecture. The court, surrounded by a continuous vaulted arcade (revak), is about as large as the mosque itself. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC007.jpg
  • General view of Chashma-Ayub Mausoleum, 12th-16th century, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 13, 2010 in the early morning. Chasma Ayub, or Spring of Job, commemorates the spot where  the prophet Job struck the dry earth with his staff and caused a spring to flow. The mausoleum consists of four domed chambers each topped with a different cupola, demonstrating the changing styles of architecture over the centuries of its construction. Bukhara, a city on the Silk Route is about 2500 years old. Its long history is displayed both through the impressive monuments and the overall town planning and architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC311.jpg
  • Oblique view from the front of the Nadir-Divanbegi Madrasah, 1630s, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 11, 2010 in the afternoon. Nadir Divan-Begi, a Finance Minister or Grand Visier, commissioned the Madrassah as the final part of a complex also containing a Khanaka, or local mosque surrounded by cells for wandering Holy Men, and a Hauz or reservoir. The tympanum mosaic is secular in subject, depicting two simurgh birds with white does in their talons, perhaps because the building was originally intended to be a caravanserail. Bukhara, a city on the Silk Route is about 2500 years old. Its long history is displayed both through the impressive monuments and the overall town planning and architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC291.jpg
  • Low angle view of courtyard, Kalyan Mosque, 1514, and Kalyan Minaret,  12th century, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 9, 2010 in the afternoon. Built on the site of several predecessors (the original mosque dated from 795), the Kalyan Mosque is Bukhara's Friday mosque. Its plan is an open rectangle with four courtyards and seven entrances. A colonnaded arcade and 288 domes surround the vast central courtyard and one huge blue dome rises from the West side of the building. The baked brick  minaret, commissioned by Arslan Khan and designed by Bako, is 48 metres high and its diametre is 9 metres at the bottom and 6 metres at the top. Bukhara, a city on the Silk Route is about 2500 years old. Its long history is displayed both through the impressive monuments and the overall town planning and architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC268.jpg
  • Oblique view of the gateway to the Kalyan Mosque, 1514, with huge blue dome rising from the West side of the building, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 9, 2010 in the morning. Built on the site of several predecessors (the original mosque dated from 795), the Kalyan Mosque is Bukhara's Friday mosque. Its plan is an open rectangle with four courtyards and seven entrances. Bukhara, a city on the Silk Route is about 2500 years old. Its long history is displayed both through the impressive monuments and the overall town planning and architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC261.jpg
  • High angle view of worker in dye pit, Chouara Tannery, Fez, Morocco, pictured on February 25, 2009 in the evening. The Chouara tannery is the largest of the four ancient tanneries in the Medina of Fez where the traditional work of the tanners has remained unchanged since the 14th century. It is composed of numerous dried-earth pits where raw skins are treated, pounded, scraped and dyed. Tanners work in vats filled with various coloured liquid dyes derived from plant sources. Colours change every two weeks, poppy flower for red, mint for green, indigo for blue, chedar tree for brown and saffron for yellow. Fez, Morocco's second largest city, and one of the four imperial cities, was founded in 789 by Idris I on the banks of the River Fez. The oldest university in the world is here and the city is still the Moroccan cultural and spiritual centre. Fez has three sectors: the oldest part, the walled city of Fes-el-Bali, houses Morocco's largest medina and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site;  Fes-el-Jedid was founded in 1244 as a new capital by the Merenid dynasty, and contains the Mellah, or Jewish quarter; Ville Nouvelle was built by the French who took over most of Morocco in 1912 and transferred the capital to Rabat. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCMOROCCO_FEB09_MC0099.jpg
  • High angle view of workers in the dyeing pits, Chouara Tannery, Fez, Morocco, pictured on February 25, 2009 in the evening. The Chouara tannery is the largest of the four ancient tanneries in the Medina of Fez where the traditional work of the tanners has remained unchanged since the 14th century. It is composed of numerous dried-earth pits where raw skins are treated, pounded, scraped and dyed. Tanners work in vats filled with various coloured liquid dyes derived from plant sources. Colours change every two weeks, poppy flower for red, mint for green, indigo for blue, chedar tree for brown and saffron for yellow. Fez, Morocco's second largest city, and one of the four imperial cities, was founded in 789 by Idris I on the banks of the River Fez. The oldest university in the world is here and the city is still the Moroccan cultural and spiritual centre. Fez has three sectors: the oldest part, the walled city of Fes-el-Bali, houses Morocco's largest medina and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site;  Fes-el-Jedid was founded in 1244 as a new capital by the Merenid dynasty, and contains the Mellah, or Jewish quarter; Ville Nouvelle was built by the French who took over most of Morocco in 1912 and transferred the capital to Rabat. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCMOROCCO_FEB09_MC0088.jpg
  • High angle view of tanners in the dyeing pits, Chouara tannery, Fez, Morocco pictured on February 25, 2009 in the evening. Arms and legs are working together to remove the skins from the dyeing pit. The Chouara tannery is the largest of the four ancient tanneries in the Medina of Fez where the traditional work of the tanners has remained unchanged since the 14th century. It is composed of numerous dried-earth pits where raw skins are treated, pounded, scraped and dyed. Tanners work in vats filled with various coloured liquid dyes derived from plant sources. Colours change every two weeks, poppy flower for red, mint for green, indigo for blue, chedar tree for brown and saffron for yellow. Fez, Morocco's second largest city, and one of the four imperial cities, was founded in 789 by Idris I on the banks of the River Fez. The oldest university in the world is here and the city is still the Moroccan cultural and spiritual centre. Fez has three sectors: the oldest part, the walled city of Fes-el-Bali, houses Morocco's largest medina and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site;  Fes-el-Jedid was founded in 1244 as a new capital by the Merenid dynasty, and contains the Mellah, or Jewish quarter; Ville Nouvelle was built by the French who took over most of Morocco in 1912 and transferred the capital to Rabat. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCMOROCCO_FEB09_MC0087.jpg
  • Low angle view of Bab el-Mahrouk, 1214, the gate to the Medina, Fez, Morocco, pictured on February 25, 2009 in the morning. In front of the ancient gate, Built by the Almohads during the reign of Mohammad El-Nasser, it is now surrounded by market stalls. Fez, Morocco's second largest city, and one of the four imperial cities, was founded in 789 by Idris I on the banks of the River Fez. The oldest university in the world is here and the city is still the Moroccan cultural and spiritual centre. Fez has three sectors: the oldest part, the walled city of Fes-el-Bali, houses Morocco's largest medina and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site;  Fes-el-Jedid was founded in 1244 as a new capital by the Merenid dynasty, and contains the Mellah, or Jewish quarter; Ville Nouvelle was built by the French who took over most of Morocco in 1912 and transferred the capital to Rabat. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCMOROCCO_FEB09_MC0079.jpg
  • Detail of golden door, Royal Palace, 17th century, Fez, Morocco, pictured on February 24, 2009 in the evening. The Royal Palace compound in Fes-el-Jedid covers 80 hectares and contains gardens, mosques and a 14th century Madrasa. As a residence of the king of Morocco it is closed to the public but is impressive even from the outside being especially famed for its golden doors. Fez, Morocco's second largest city, and one of the four imperial cities, was founded in 789 by Idris I on the banks of the River Fez. The oldest university in the world is here and the city is still the Moroccan cultural and spiritual centre. Fez has three sectors: the oldest part, the walled city of Fes-el-Bali, houses Morocco's largest medina and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site;  Fes-el-Jedid was founded in 1244 as a new capital by the Merenid dynasty, and contains the Mellah, or Jewish quarter; Ville Nouvelle was built by the French who took over most of Morocco in 1912 and transferred the capital to Rabat. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCMOROCCO_FEB09_MC0065.jpg
  • Detail of decorative tiles,  Royal Palace, 17th century, Fez, Morocco, pictured on February 24, 2009 in the evening. The Royal Palace compound in Fes-el-Jedid covers 80 hectares and contains gardens, mosques and a 14th century Madrasa. As a residence of the king of Morocco it is closed to the public but is impressive even from the outside being especially famed for its golden doors. Fez, Morocco's second largest city, and one of the four imperial cities, was founded in 789 by Idris I on the banks of the River Fez. The oldest university in the world is here and the city is still the Moroccan cultural and spiritual centre. Fez has three sectors: the oldest part, the walled city of Fes-el-Bali, houses Morocco's largest medina and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site;  Fes-el-Jedid was founded in 1244 as a new capital by the Merenid dynasty, and contains the Mellah, or Jewish quarter; Ville Nouvelle was built by the French who took over most of Morocco in 1912 and transferred the capital to Rabat. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCMOROCCO_FEB09_MC0063.jpg
  • View from behind of a tanner in pits of red dye, Chouara Tannery, Fez, Morocco, pictured on February 23, 2009 in the evening. The Chouara tannery is the largest of the four ancient tanneries in the Medina of Fez where the traditional work of the tanners has remained unchanged since the 14th century. It is composed of numerous dried-earth pits where raw skins are treated, pounded, scraped and dyed. Tanners work in vats filled with various coloured liquid dyes derived from plant sources. Colours change every two weeks, poppy flower for red, mint for green, indigo for blue, chedar tree for brown and saffron for yellow. Fez, Morocco's second largest city, and one of the four imperial cities, was founded in 789 by Idris I on the banks of the River Fez. The oldest university in the world is here and the city is still the Moroccan cultural and spiritual centre. Fez has three sectors: the oldest part, the walled city of Fes-el-Bali, houses Morocco's largest medina and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site;  Fes-el-Jedid was founded in 1244 as a new capital by the Merenid dynasty, and contains the Mellah, or Jewish quarter; Ville Nouvelle was built by the French who took over most of Morocco in 1912 and transferred the capital to Rabat. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCMOROCCO_FEB09_MC0051.jpg
  • Detail of carved wooden screen around central courtyard, Sahrij Medersa, (Medersa des Andalous), 1321, Fez, Medersa Sahrij, Fez, Morocco, pictured on February 23, 2009 in the morning.  The Sahrij Medersa takes its name from the pool in its courtyard, (sahrij means basin). Green and white minarets crown the theological school founded by Merinid sultan Abou al-Hassan and attached to the Al-Andalous mosque.  It is decorated with ornate  dark cedar panels (mashrabiya), decorated tiles (zellij), marble pavings and intricate plasterwork. Fez, Morocco's second largest city, and one of the four imperial cities, was founded in 789 by Idris I on the banks of the River Fez. The oldest university in the world is here and the city is still the Moroccan cultural and spiritual centre. Fez has three sectors: the oldest part, the walled city of Fes-el-Bali, houses Morocco's largest medina and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site;  Fes-el-Jedid was founded in 1244 as a new capital by the Merenid dynasty, and contains the Mellah, or Jewish quarter; Ville Nouvelle was built by the French who took over most of Morocco in 1912 and transferred the capital to Rabat. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCMOROCCO_FEB09_MC0040.jpg
  • Detail of mosaic in central patio, Bou Inania Madrasa, Fez, Morocco, pictured on February 22, 2009 in the evening. The Bou Inania Madrasa was founded as a boarding school and mosque in AD 1351-56 by Abu Inan Faris, also the founder of the Bou Inania Madrasa in Meknes, and holds the status of Grand Mosque. A fine example of Marenid architecture with its intricate plasterwork, carved cedar and decorated tiles or zellij it is the only mosque in Fez open to non-Muslim visitors. It was renovated in the 18th and 20th centuries. Fez, Morocco's second largest city, and one of the four imperial cities, was founded in 789 by Idris I on the banks of the River Fez. The oldest university in the world is here and the city is still the Moroccan cultural and spiritual centre. Fez has three sectors: the oldest part, the walled city of Fes-el-Bali, houses Morocco's largest medina and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site;  Fes-el-Jedid was founded in 1244 as a new capital by the Merenid dynasty, and contains the Mellah, or Jewish quarter; Ville Nouvelle was built by the French who took over most of Morocco in 1912 and transferred the capital to Rabat. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCMOROCCO_FEB09_MC0032.jpg
  • Detail of mosaic in central patio, Bou Inania Madrasa, Fez, Morocco, pictured on February 22, 2009 in the evening. The Bou Inania Madrasa was founded as a boarding school and mosque in AD 1351-56 by Abu Inan Faris, also the founder of the Bou Inania Madrasa in Meknes, and holds the status of Grand Mosque. A fine example of Marenid architecture with its intricate plasterwork, carved cedar and decorated tiles or zellij it is the only mosque in Fez open to non-Muslim visitors. It was renovated in the 18th and 20th centuries. Fez, Morocco's second largest city, and one of the four imperial cities, was founded in 789 by Idris I on the banks of the River Fez. The oldest university in the world is here and the city is still the Moroccan cultural and spiritual centre. Fez has three sectors: the oldest part, the walled city of Fes-el-Bali, houses Morocco's largest medina and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site;  Fes-el-Jedid was founded in 1244 as a new capital by the Merenid dynasty, and contains the Mellah, or Jewish quarter; Ville Nouvelle was built by the French who took over most of Morocco in 1912 and transferred the capital to Rabat. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCMOROCCO_FEB09_MC0031.jpg
  • High angle view of the Chouara Tannery, Fez, Morocco, pictured on February 22, 2009 in the morning. The Chouara tannery is the largest of the four ancient tanneries in the Medina of Fez where the traditional work of the tanners has remained unchanged since the 14th century. It is composed of numerous dried-earth pits where raw skins are treated, pounded, scraped and dyed. Tanners work in vats filled with various coloured liquid dyes derived from plant sources. Colours change every two weeks, poppy flower for red, mint for green, indigo for blue, chedar tree for brown and saffron for yellow. Fez, Morocco's second largest city, and one of the four imperial cities, was founded in 789 by Idris I on the banks of the River Fez. The oldest university in the world is here and the city is still the Moroccan cultural and spiritual centre. Fez has three sectors: the oldest part, the walled city of Fes-el-Bali, houses Morocco's largest medina and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site;  Fes-el-Jedid was founded in 1244 as a new capital by the Merenid dynasty, and contains the Mellah, or Jewish quarter; Ville Nouvelle was built by the French who took over most of Morocco in 1912 and transferred the capital to Rabat. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCMOROCCO_FEB09_MC0027.jpg
  • General view of the Chouara tannery, Fez, Morocco, pictured on February 22, 2009 in the morning. The Chouara tannery is the largest of the four ancient tanneries in the Medina of Fez where the traditional work of the tanners has remained unchanged since the 14th century. It is composed of numerous dried-earth pits where raw skins are treated, pounded, scraped and dyed. Tanners work in vats filled with various coloured liquid dyes derived from plant sources. Colours change every two weeks, poppy flower for red, mint for green, indigo for blue, chedar tree for brown and saffron for yellow. Fez, Morocco's second largest city, and one of the four imperial cities, was founded in 789 by Idris I on the banks of the River Fez. The oldest university in the world is here and the city is still the Moroccan cultural and spiritual centre. Fez has three sectors: the oldest part, the walled city of Fes-el-Bali, houses Morocco's largest medina and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site;  Fes-el-Jedid was founded in 1244 as a new capital by the Merenid dynasty, and contains the Mellah, or Jewish quarter; Ville Nouvelle was built by the French who took over most of Morocco in 1912 and transferred the capital to Rabat. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCMOROCCO_FEB09_MC0021.jpg
  • General view of Chouara tannery Fez, Morocco, pictured on February 22, 2009 in the morning. The Chouara tannery is the largest of the four ancient tanneries in the Medina of Fez where the traditional work of the tanners has remained unchanged since the 14th century. It is composed of numerous dried-earth pits where raw skins are treated, pounded, scraped and dyed. Tanners work in vats filled with various coloured liquid dyes derived from plant sources. Colours change every two weeks, poppy flower for red, mint for green, indigo for blue, chedar tree for brown and saffron for yellow. Fez, Morocco's second largest city, and one of the four imperial cities, was founded in 789 by Idris I on the banks of the River Fez. The oldest university in the world is here and the city is still the Moroccan cultural and spiritual centre. Fez has three sectors: the oldest part, the walled city of Fes-el-Bali, houses Morocco's largest medina and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site;  Fes-el-Jedid was founded in 1244 as a new capital by the Merenid dynasty, and contains the Mellah, or Jewish quarter; Ville Nouvelle was built by the French who took over most of Morocco in 1912 and transferred the capital to Rabat. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCMOROCCO_FEB09_MC0020.jpg
  • General view of central courtyard with fountain, Moulay Idriss II Mosque, 9th century, Fez, Morocco, pictured on February 21, 2009 in the afternoon. The Mosque of Moulay Idriss II (reigned  803-828), was built by the Idriss dynasty and restored in the 13th century by the Merenids. Containing the mausoleum of Moulay Idriss II, who is believed to aid women's fertility, it is an important pilgrimage destination and a  zaouia or sanctuary. Across the entrance a wooden beam excludes Jews, Christians, and donkeys from the horm, or sacred area around the shrine, where  Moroccans may historically claim sanctuary from arrest. The tomb, covered in brocade and surrounded by the faithful burning candles and incense, is visible through the doors, worn smooth by centuries of pilgrims kissing the wood for baraka or blessing. Fez, Morocco's second largest city, and one of the four imperial cities, was founded in 789 by Idris I on the banks of the River Fez. The oldest university in the world is here and the city is still the Moroccan cultural and spiritual centre. Fez has three sectors: the oldest part, the walled city of Fes-el-Bali, houses Morocco's largest medina and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site;  Fes-el-Jedid was founded in 1244 as a new capital by the Merenid dynasty, and contains the Mellah, or Jewish quarter; Ville Nouvelle was built by the French who took over most of Morocco in 1912 and transferred the capital to Rabat. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LCMOROCCO_FEB09_MC0010.jpg
  • Stone minbar, Krak des Chevaliers, Qala'at al Husn, Homs Gap, Syria. Krak des Chevalliers was originally built in 1031 for amir of Aleppo, occupied by Crusader Tancred of Galilee in 1110, and given in 1144 to Knights Hospitaller, who rebuilt it as the largest Crusader castle in the Levant. Finally it was recaptured in 1271 and further modified by Mamluk Sultan Baybars who converted the chapel into a mosque with the minbar seen on the photograph
    LCSYRIA05106.JPG
  • Main entrance to the Umayyad Mosque at twilight, 705 AD, Damascus, Syria. Decorated with a mosaic façade and a gabled roofline, the main entrance overlooks the main courtyard of the Great Mosque. The site was long used for worship, of Hadad (by Arameans), Jupiter (by Romans), then it became the cathedral of John the Baptist in 330, and finally a mosque.
    LCSYRIA05075.JPG
  • Buttresses of the Cathedral of Saint Mary of Tortosa, and Castle of Sant Joan or La Suda, Tortosa, Tarragona, Spain. The Catalan Gothic cathedral, on the left, was begun in 1347 and consecrated 1597. The 10th century Castle of Sant Joan was built by Muslim Caliph Abd ar-Rahman III. It was conquered in 1148 and became residence of the Montcada and Knights Templar, then a royal mansion from the 13th century. Here the cathedral and castle are seen over the rooftops of the old town of Tortosa. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN12_MC483.jpg
  • Castle of Sant Joan or La Suda, Tortosa, Tarragona, Spain. The 10th century Castle of Sant Joan was built by Muslim Caliph Abd ar-Rahman III. It was conquered in 1148 and became residence of the Montcada and Knights Templar, then a royal mansion from the 13th century. It has a 45m deep well reaching the river Ebre. The base of the main tower is seen here surrounded by plants and cacti. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN12_MC471.jpg
  • Old town of Tortosa and tower of Castle of Sant Joan or La Suda, Tortosa, Tarragona, Spain. The 10th century Castle of Sant Joan was built by Muslim Caliph Abd ar-Rahman III. It was conquered in 1148 and became residence of the Montcada and Knights Templar, then a royal mansion from the 13th century. It has a 45m deep well reaching the river Ebre. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN12_MC472.jpg
  • Prayer Hall, Hassan II Mosque or Grande Mosquee Hassan II, 1993, Michel Pinseau (1924-1999), civil engineering group Bouygues, Casablanca, Morocco. Picture by Manuel Cohen. The use of this image may require further clearance / Merci de vous assurer que l'utilisation finale de l'image ne necessite pas d'autorisation supplementaire.
    LCMOROCCO_11_MC086.jpg
  • Hassan II Mosque or Grande Mosquee Hassan II, rising above the Atlantic Ocean, 1993, Michel Pinseau (1924-1999), civil engineering group Bouygues, Casablanca, Morocco. Picture by Manuel Cohen. The use of this image may require further clearance / Merci de vous assurer que l'utilisation finale de l'image ne necessite pas d'autorisation supplementaire.
    LCMOROCCO_11_MC088.jpg
  • Prayer Hall, Hassan II Mosque or Grande Mosquee Hassan II, 1993, Michel Pinseau (1924-1999), civil engineering group Bouygues, Casablanca, Morocco. Picture by Manuel Cohen. The use of this image may require further clearance / Merci de vous assurer que l'utilisation finale de l'image ne necessite pas d'autorisation supplementaire.
    LCMOROCCO_11_MC079.jpg
  • Prayer Hall, Hassan II Mosque or Grande Mosquee Hassan II, 1993, Michel Pinseau (1924-1999), civil engineering group Bouygues, Casablanca, Morocco. Picture by Manuel Cohen. The use of this image may require further clearance / Merci de vous assurer que l'utilisation finale de l'image ne necessite pas d'autorisation supplementaire.
    LCMOROCCO_11_MC083.jpg
  • Prayer Hall, Hassan II Mosque or Grande Mosquee Hassan II, 1993, Michel Pinseau (1924-1999), civil engineering group Bouygues, Casablanca, Morocco. Picture by Manuel Cohen. The use of this image may require further clearance / Merci de vous assurer que l'utilisation finale de l'image ne necessite pas d'autorisation supplementaire.
    LCMOROCCO_11_MC081.jpg
  • General view of Hagia Sophia, 532-37, by Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles, Istanbul, Turkey, floodlit in the evening. Hagia Sophia, The Church of the Holy Wisdom, has been a  Byzantine church and an Ottoman mosque and is now a museum. The current building, the third on the site, commissioned by Emperor Justinian I, is a very fine example of Byzantine architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC103.jpg
  • Panoramic view of Hagia Sophia, 532-37, by Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles, Istanbul, Turkey, at sunset. Hagia Sophia, The Church of the Holy Wisdom, has been a  Byzantine church and an Ottoman mosque and is now a museum. The current building, the third on the site, commissioned by Emperor Justinian I, is a very fine example of Byzantine architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC102.jpg
  • Detail of Minaret, Sultan Ahmed Mosque, or Blue Mosque, 1609-16, by Mehmet Aga,  Istanbul, Turkey. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque, commissioned by Sultan Ahmed I, was built near the Hagia Sophia and combines Byzantine style with Islamic architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC097.jpg
  • Detail of Minaret, Sultan Ahmed Mosque, or Blue Mosque, 1609-16, by Mehmet Aga,  Istanbul, Turkey. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque, commissioned by Sultan Ahmed I, was built near the Hagia Sophia and combines Byzantine style with Islamic architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC096.jpg
  • General view of The New Mosque or Mosque of the Valide Sultan (Yeni Cami, Yeni Valide Camii), 1597-1663, by Davut Aga, Dalgic Ahmed Cavus, and Mustafa Aga, Istanbul, Turkey, at dawn, from the sea. This Ottoman Imperial mosque stands on the Golden Horn at the southern end of the Galata Bridge. Originally commissioned by Safiye Sultan the project was finished after many delays by another valide Sultan, Turhan Hadice. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC093.jpg
  • General view of Sultan Ahmed Mosque, or Blue Mosque, 1609-16, by Mehmet Aga,  Istanbul, Turkey. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque, commissioned by Sultan Ahmed I, dominates the Istanbul skyline with its cascading domes and six minarets. Built near the Hagia Sophia, it combines Byzantine style with Islamic architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC090.jpg
  • General view of Sultan Ahmed Mosque, or Blue Mosque, 1609-16, by Mehmet Aga,  Istanbul, Turkey, floodlit at night. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque, commissioned by Sultan Ahmed I, dominates the Istanbul skyline with its cascading domes and six minarets. Built near the Hagia Sophia, it combines Byzantine style with Islamic architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC088.jpg
  • Low angle view of minaret, Sultan Ahmed Mosque, or Blue Mosque, 1609-16, by Mehmet Aga, Istanbul, Turkey, pictured on May 21, 2011, in the afternoon. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque, commissioned by Sultan Ahmed I, was built near the Hagia Sophia and combines Byzantine style with Islamic architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC086.jpg
  • General view of Sultan Ahmed Mosque, or Blue Mosque, 1609-16, by Mehmet Aga,  Istanbul, Turkey. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque, commissioned by Sultan Ahmed I, dominates the Istanbul skyline with its cascading domes and six minarets. Built near the Hagia Sophia, it combines Byzantine style with Islamic architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC085.jpg
  • View from below of ceilings in the domes of The New Mosque or Mosque of the Valide Sultan (Yeni Cami, Yeni Valide Camii), 1597-1663, by Davut Aga, Dalgic Ahmed Cavus, and Mustafa Aga, Istanbul, Turkey. This Ottoman Imperial mosque stands on the Golden Horn at the southern end of the Galata Bridge. Originally commissioned by Safiye Sultan the project was finished after many delays by another valide Sultan, Turhan Hadice. Inside four large piers support the dome and the decoration is made of blue, green and white Iznik tiles. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC084.jpg
  • General view of Sultan Ahmed Mosque, or Blue Mosque, 1609-16, by Mehmet Aga,  Istanbul, Turkey. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque, commissioned by Sultan Ahmed I, dominates the Istanbul skyline with its cascading domes and six minarets. Built near the Hagia Sophia, it combines Byzantine style with Islamic architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC066.jpg
  • General view of Sultan Ahmed Mosque, or Blue Mosque, 1609-16, by Mehmet Aga,  Istanbul, Turkey. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque, commissioned by Sultan Ahmed I, dominates the Istanbul skyline with its cascading domes and six minarets. Built near the Hagia Sophia, it combines Byzantine style with Islamic architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC065.jpg
  • Detail of cascading domes and minarets, Sultan Ahmed Mosque, or Blue Mosque, 1609-16, by Mehmet Aga,  Istanbul, Turkey. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque, commissioned by Sultan Ahmed I, dominates the Istanbul skyline with its cascading domes and six minarets. Built near the Hagia Sophia, it combines Byzantine style with Islamic architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC063.jpg
  • General view of The New Mosque or Mosque of the Valide Sultan (Yeni Cami, Yeni Valide Camii), 1597-1663, by Davut Aga, Dalgic Ahmed Cavus, and Mustafa Aga, Istanbul, Turkey. This Ottoman Imperial mosque stands on the Golden Horn at the southern end of the Galata Bridge. Originally commissioned by Safiye Sultan the project was finished after many delays by another valide Sultan, Turhan Hadice. The mosque has sixty-six domes and semi domes and two minarets. The main dome is 36m high and is supported by four semi-domes. The mosque is constructed with stone from Rhodes and its facade is decorated with Iznik tiles. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC059.jpg
  • View from below of ceilings within domes, Suleymaniye Mosque or Mosque of Sultan Suleyman the Magnificent (Suleymaniye Camii) 1550-57, by Mimar Sinan, Istanbul, Turkey. Suleymaniye Mosque , commissioned by Suleiman the Magnificent, and located on Istanbul's Third Hill, was restored in 1665 after a fire, in 1766 due to an earthquake and in 1956 after damage in World War I. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC052.jpg
  • Detail of ornate tiled ceiling and column, Sultan Ahmed Mosque, or Blue Mosque, 1609-16, by Mehmet Aga, Istanbul, Turkey. Built near the Hagia Sophia, the Blue Mosque combines Byzantine style with Islamic architecture. The blue tiles of the interior inspired its popular name, The Blue Mosque. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC043.jpg
  • Detail of ornate tiled ceiling and column, Sultan Ahmed Mosque, or Blue Mosque, 1609-16, by Mehmet Aga, Istanbul, Turkey. Built near the Hagia Sophia, the Blue Mosque combines Byzantine style with Islamic architecture. The blue tiles of the interior inspired its popular name, The Blue Mosque. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC042.jpg
  • General view of Sultan Ahmed Mosque, or Blue Mosque, 1609-16, by Mehmet Aga,  Istanbul, Turkey. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque, commissioned by Sultan Ahmed I, dominates the Istanbul skyline with its cascading domes and six minarets. Built near the Hagia Sophia, it combines Byzantine style with Islamic architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC037.jpg
  • General view of Hagia Sophia, 532-37, by Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles, Istanbul, Turkey. Hagia Sophia, The Church of the Holy Wisdom, has been a  Byzantine church and an Ottoman mosque and is now a museum. The current building, the third on the site, commissioned by Emperor Justinian I, is a very fine example of Byzantine architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC035.jpg
  • General view of Hagia Sophia, 532-37, by Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles, Istanbul, Turkey. Hagia Sophia, The Church of the Holy Wisdom, has been a  Byzantine church and an Ottoman mosque and is now a museum. The current building, the third on the site, commissioned by Emperor Justinian I, is a very fine example of Byzantine architecture. The historical areas were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC034.jpg
  • General view of Hagia Sophia, 532-37, by Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles, Istanbul, Turkey. Hagia Sophia, The Church of the Holy Wisdom, has been a  Byzantine church and an Ottoman mosque and is now a museum. The current building, the third on the site, commissioned by Emperor Justinian I, is a very fine example of Byzantine architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC033.jpg
  • General view of Hagia Sophia, 532-37, by Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles, Istanbul, Turkey, pictured on May 21, 2011, at sunset. Hagia Sophia, The Church of the Holy Wisdom, has been a  Byzantine church and an Ottoman mosque and is now a museum. The current building, the third on the site, commissioned by Emperor Justinian I, is a very fine example of Byzantine architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNECSO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC032.jpg
  • General view of Hagia Sophia, 532-37, by Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles, Istanbul, Turkey. Hagia Sophia, The Church of the Holy Wisdom, has been a  Byzantine church and an Ottoman mosque and is now a museum. The current building, the third on the site, commissioned by Emperor Justinian I, is a very fine example of Byzantine architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC030.jpg
  • Detail of Deesis mosaic, late 10th century, showing Emperor Justinian, 483-565, offering the Hagia Sophia, and Emperor Constantine, offering Constantinople, to the Virgin and Christ Child, in the vestibule of Haghia Sophia, 532-37, by Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles, Istanbul, Turkey. Hagia Sophia, The Church of the Holy Wisdom, has been a  Byzantine church and an Ottoman mosque and is now a museum. The current building, the third on the site, commissioned by Justinian I, is a very fine example of Byzantine architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC029.jpg
  • View from below of ceiling inside domes showing mosaic of the Virgin Mary and Jesus (Theotokos and Christ) on the left, Arcangel Gabriel on the right, Hagia Sophia, 532-37, by Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles, Istanbul, Turkey. Hagia Sophia, The Church of the Holy Wisdom, has been a  Byzantine church and an Ottoman mosque and is now a museum. The current building, the third on the site, commissioned by Empeor Justinian I, is a very fine example of Byzantine architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC027.jpg
  • High angle view of interior, Hagia Sophia, 532-37, by Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles, Istanbul, Turkey. Hagia Sophia, The Church of the Holy Wisdom, has been a  Byzantine church and an Ottoman mosque and is now a museum. The current building, the third on the site, commissioned by Emperor Justinian I, is a very fine example of Byzantine architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC026.jpg
  • Detail of Deesis mosaic of the Virgin Mary and Jesus (Theotokos and Christ), 12th-13th century, Hagia Sophia, 532-37, by Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles, Istanbul, Turkey. Hagia Sophia, The Church of the Holy Wisdom, has been a  Byzantine church and an Ottoman mosque and is now a museum. The current building, the third on the site, commissioned by Emperor Justinian I, is a very fine example of Byzantine architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC023.jpg
  • Detail of Deesis mosaic, 12th-13th century, showing Christ flanked by Emperor Constantine IX Monomachus (980-1055), and Empress Zoe (ruled Byzantine Empire 1042-55), Hagia Sophia, 532-37, by Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles, Istanbul, Turkey. Hagia Sophia, The Church of the Holy Wisdom, has been a  Byzantine church and an Ottoman mosque and is now a museum. The current building, the third on the site, commissioned by Emperor Justinian I, is a very fine example of Byzantine architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC022.jpg
  • Detail of Deesis mosaic, 12th-13th century, showing Emperor John II Komnenos, Virgin Mary, Jesus Christ, and Empress Irene, Hagia Sophia, 532-37, by Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles, Istanbul, Turkey. Hagia Sophia, The Church of the Holy Wisdom, has been a  Byzantine church and an Ottoman mosque and is now a museum. The current building, the third on the site, commissioned by Emperor Justinian I, is a very fine example of Byzantine architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC021.jpg
  • Detail of the tribune of Haghia Sophia, 532-37, by Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles, looking towards the Sultan Ahmed Mosque, or Blue Mosque, 1609-16, by Mehmet Aga, Istanbul, Turkey. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC020.jpg
  • Detail of Deesis mosaic, 12th-13th century, showing Jesus Christ, Hagia Sophia, 532-37, by Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles, Istanbul, Turkey. Hagia Sophia, The Church of the Holy Wisdom, has been a  Byzantine church and an Ottoman mosque and is now a museum. The current building, the third on the site, commissioned by Emperor Justinian I, is a very fine example of Byzantine architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC019.jpg
  • High angle view of interior showing Islamic elements in the ceiling, Hagia Sophia, 532-37, by Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles, Istanbul, Turkey. Hagia Sophia, The Church of the Holy Wisdom, has been a  Byzantine church and an Ottoman mosque and is now a museum. The current building, the third on the site, commissioned by Emperor Justinian I, is a very fine example of Byzantine architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC016.jpg
  • View from below of interior and domes showing Islamic elements in the ceiling, Hagia Sophia, 532-37, by Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles, Istanbul, Turkey. Hagia Sophia, The Church of the Holy Wisdom, has been a  Byzantine church and an Ottoman mosque and is now a museum. The current building, the third on the site, commissioned by Emperor Justinian I, is a very fine example of Byzantine architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC013.jpg
  • View from below of interior and domes showing Islamic elements in the ceiling,  Hagia Sophia, 532-37, by Isidore of Miletus and Anthemius of Tralles, Istanbul, Turkey. Hagia Sophia, The Church of the Holy Wisdom, has been a  Byzantine church and an Ottoman mosque and is now a museum. The current building, the third on the site, commissioned by Emperor Justinian I, is a very fine example of Byzantine architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC010.jpg
  • High angle view of women entering the Mosque at prayer time, Sultan Ahmed Mosque, or Blue Mosque, 1609-16, by Mehmet Aga, Istanbul, Turkey. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC008.jpg
  • Low angle view of minaret, Sultan Ahmed Mosque, or Blue Mosque, 1609-16, by Mehmet Aga, Istanbul, Turkey. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque, commissioned by Sultan Ahmed I, was built near the Hagia Sophia and combines Byzantine style with Islamic architecture. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC006.jpg
  • Low angle view of cascading domes and arcade (revak) surrounding the courtyard with hexagonal fountain, and a minaret to the right of the image, Sultan Ahmed Mosque, or Blue Mosque, 1609-16, by Mehmet Aga, Istanbul, Turkey. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque, commissioned by Sultan Ahmed I, dominates the Istanbul skyline with its cascading domes and six minarets. Built near the Hagia Sophia, it combines Byzantine style with Islamic architecture. The court, surrounded by a continuous vaulted arcade (revak), is about as large as the mosque itself. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC003.jpg
  • Detail of the ceiling of the  arcaded courtyard, Sultan Ahmed Mosque, or Blue Mosque, 1609-16, by Mehmet Aga, Istanbul, Turkey. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque, commissioned by Sultan Ahmed I, was built near the Hagia Sophia and combines Byzantine style with Islamic architecture. The court, surrounded by a continuous vaulted arcade (revak), is about as large as the mosque itself. The historical areas of the city were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_ISTANBUL_11_MC001.jpg
  • Detail of small minaret, late 19th century - early 20th century, summer mosque, Rukhabad Mausoleum, 14th century, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, pictured on July , 2010, at sunrise. The decoration bears influence of Eastern-Turkistan or Chinese traditions. Samarkand, a city on the Silk Road, founded as Afrosiab in the 7th century BC, is a meeting point for the world's cultures. Its most important development was in the Timurid period, 14th to 15th centuries. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
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  • General view of Abd Al-Aziz-Khan Khanaka, 16th century, Memorial of Baha Ad-Din Naqshband,  Bukhara, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 12, 2010 in the afternoon. The Memorial complex of Baha Ad-Din Naqshband, 1317-89, patron of Bukhara, and founder of a Sufi order was construct over five centuries, 14th - 19 th centuries. It is in a peaceful location 12 kilometres outside Bukhara. Bukhara, a city on the Silk Route is about 2500 years old. Its long history is displayed both through the impressive monuments and the overall town planning and architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC318.jpg
  • Panoramic view of Chor-Bakr, 16th century, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 10, 2010 in the afternoon. The memorial complex of Chor-Bakr, located around the tomb of Abu-Bakr-Said (died 970 AD), and his three brothers, who were descendants of the Prophet Muhammad, was originally commissioned by Abdullah Khan in 1559-63, and further developed by Adullahan II in 1858. Regarded as a Holy site it contains a Mosque, Khanagha and Madrasah and is plain in style. Bukhara, a city on the Silk Route is about 2500 years old. Its long history is displayed both through the impressive monuments and the overall town planning and architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC316.jpg
  • View from the front of Eastern facade, Magoki-Attari Mosque, founded 12th century, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, pictured on July , 2010 in the afternoon. The Eastern facade with skullcap domes was added in 1547. The Mosque is now used as a Carpet Museum. Bukhara, a city on the Silk Route is about 2500 years old. Its long history is displayed both through the impressive monuments and the overall town planning and architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC310.jpg
  • View from the front of Soviet Statue of Nasreddin Hodja riding a donkey, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 12, 2010 in the afternoon. Nasreddin Hodja was a 13th century Sufi philosopher best remembered for his wit and funny anecdotes. He was probably Turkish. Bukhara, a city on the Silk Route is about 2500 years old. Its long history is displayed both through the impressive monuments and the overall town planning and architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC307.jpg
  • General view of Memorial of Baha Ad-Din Naqshband,  Bukhara, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 12, 2010 in the afternoon. The Memorial complex of Baha Ad-Din Naqshband, 1317-89, patron of Bukhara, and founder of a Sufi order was construct over five centuries, 14th - 19th centuries. It is in a peaceful location 12 kilometres outside Bukhara. In the background is the 16th century Abd Al-Aziz-Khanaka. Bukhara, a city on the Silk Route is about 2500 years old. Its long history is displayed both through the impressive monuments and the overall town planning and architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC306.jpg
  • Mausoleum of the Samanids, 9th-10th century, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 11, 2010 reflected in a pool by the late afternoon light. Built of kiln-dried bricks by Ismail Samani for his father Nasr I, who died in 892, it is recognized as architectural masterpiece of the world heritage due to harmony of its geometrical forms. Bukhara, a city on the Silk Route is about 2500 years old. Its long history is displayed both through the impressive monuments and the overall town planning and architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC301.jpg
  • General view of the main gate,  Ark Fortress, 5th century, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 11, 2010 in the afternoon. Initially a massive earthen fortification built in the 5th century, the Ark remained Bukhara's fortress until it was badly damaged in 1920 when the city was besieged by the Bolsheviks. The towers framing the gateway date from the 18th century. Bukhara, a city on the Silk Route is about 2500 years old. Its long history is displayed both through the impressive monuments and the overall town planning and architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC296.jpg
  • Kalyan Minaret, 12th century, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 11, 2010 in the afternoon. The baked brick  minaret, commissioned by Arslan Khan and designed by Bako, is 48 metres high and its diametre is 9 metres at the bottom and 6 metres at the top. Bukhara, a city on the Silk Route is about 2500 years old. Its long history is displayed both through the impressive monuments and the overall town planning and architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC295.jpg
  • Close up detail of a blue cupola,  Mir-i-Arab Madrasah, 1535, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 11, 2010 in the afternoon. The Mir-i Arab Madrasah, which stands opposite the Kalyan Mosque was built by the Shaybany Ubaydallah Khan, and is still a functioning madrasah. Bukhara, a city on the Silk Route is about 2500 years old. Its long history is displayed both through the impressive monuments and the overall town planning and architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC294.jpg
  • High angle view of the Mir-i-Arab Madrasah, 1535, (left) and the Kalyan Minaret, 12th century, (right) Bukhara, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 11, 2010 in the afternoon. The Mir-i Arab Madrasah was built by the Shaybany Ubaydallah Khan, and is still a functioning madrasah. The baked brick minaret, commissioned by Arslan Khan and designed by Bako, is 48 metres high and its diametre is 9 metres at the bottom and 6 metres at the top. Bukhara, a city on the Silk Route is about 2500 years old. Its long history is displayed both through the impressive monuments and the overall town planning and architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC293.jpg
  • View from the front of  Mir-i-Arab Madrasah, 1535, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 11, 2010 in the afternoon. The Mir-i Arab Madrasah, which stands opposite the Kalyan Mosque was built by the Shaybany Ubaydallah Khan, and is still a functioning madrasah. It has a traditional four courtyard plan with student cells behind the double-height courtyard arcades. Bukhara, a city on the Silk Route is about 2500 years old. Its long history is displayed both through the impressive monuments and the overall town planning and architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC292.jpg
  • General view of Chor Minor, 1807, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 11, 2010 in the morning. Chor Minor, or Four Minarets, is the gatehouse of a Madrasah built by Khalif Niyazkul, a rich merchant. The 17 metre high towers, capped with blue domes, are not true minarets as they have no galleries from which to call people to prayer. Bukhara, a city on the Silk Route is about 2500 years old. Its long history is displayed both through the impressive monuments and the overall town planning and architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC290.jpg
  • General view of Chor-Bakr Necropolis, 16th century, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 10, 2010 in the late afternoon sunshine which throes long shadows. The memorial complex of Chor-Bakr, located around the tomb of Abu-Bakr-Said (died 970 AD), and his three brothers, who were descendants of the Prophet Muhammad, was originally commissioned by Abdullah Khan in 1559-63, and further developed by Adullahan II in 1858. Regarded as a Holy site it contains a Mosque, Khanagha and Madrasah and is plain in style. Bukhara, a city on the Silk Route is about 2500 years old. Its long history is displayed both through the impressive monuments and the overall town planning and architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC288.jpg
  • General view of the Khanagha, Chor-Bakr Necropolis, 16th century, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 10, 2010 in the afternoon. The memorial complex of Chor-Bakr, located around the tomb of Abu-Bakr-Said (died 970 AD), and his three brothers, who were descendants of the Prophet Muhammad, was originally commissioned by Abdullah Khan in 1559-63, and further developed by Adullahan II in 1858. Regarded as a Holy site it contains a Mosque, Khanagha and Madrasah and is plain in style. Bukhara, a city on the Silk Route is about 2500 years old. Its long history is displayed both through the impressive monuments and the overall town planning and architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC287.jpg
  • Detail of capitals of columns in the portico, Bolo-Hauz Mosque, 20th century, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 10, 2010 in the early morning. Though the ensemble was built around of the ancient mosque constructed in 1712, the richly decorated entry iwan was added to the mosque’s eastern façade during a general reconstruction of the area in 1914-17 by the last Mangit ruler Sayyid Alim Khan (1910-20). The Mosque was built for Bibi Khanum, the mother of Abu'l Fayud Khan, 1711-47, Ashtarkhanid ruler of the city. Bukhara, a city on the Silk Route is about 2500 years old. Its long history is displayed both through the impressive monuments and the overall town planning and architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC283.jpg
  • Detail of capitals of columns in the portico, Bolo-Hauz Mosque, 20th century, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 10, 2010 in the early morning. Though the ensemble was built around of the ancient mosque constructed in 1712, the richly decorated entry iwan was added to the mosque’s eastern façade during a general reconstruction of the area in 1914-17 by the last Mangit ruler Sayyid Alim Khan (1910-20). The Mosque was built for Bibi Khanum, the mother of Abu'l Fayud Khan, 1711-47, Ashtarkhanid ruler of the city. Bukhara, a city on the Silk Route is about 2500 years old. Its long history is displayed both through the impressive monuments and the overall town planning and architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC281.jpg
  • Detail of columns in the portico, Bolo-Hauz Mosque, 20th century, Bukhara, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 10, 2010 in the early morning. Though the ensemble was built around of the ancient mosque constructed in 1712, the richly decorated entry iwan was added to the mosque’s eastern façade during a general reconstruction of the area in 1914-17 by the last Mangit ruler Sayyid Alim Khan (1910-20). The Mosque was built for Bibi Khanum, the mother of Abu'l Fayud Khan, 1711-47, Ashtarkhanid ruler of the city. Bukhara, a city on the Silk Route is about 2500 years old. Its long history is displayed both through the impressive monuments and the overall town planning and architecture. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC280.jpg
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