manuel cohen

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  • Boat passing and people eating and fishing on the jetty of Ortakoy, Istanbul, Marmara, Turkey. Ortakoy (literally Middle Village in Turkish) is a neighbourhood, formerly a small village, within the Besiktas district of Istanbul, in the middle of the European bank of the Bosphorus. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC13_Turkey_MC020.jpg
  • Central burial chamber of a Dilmun tomb, c. 2050 BC, built in dry stone above ground, 1 of 13 middle class, late type mounds, at the Janabiyah Burial Mound Field, part of the Dilmun Burial Mounds site, Janabiyah, Bahrain. The site also includes 5 larger Chieftain Mounds. The Janabiyah tombs were constructed for residents of the villages of Saar and Budaiya. These tombs are at risk, due to the planned construction of a shopping mall. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_BAHREIN_MC_050.jpg
  • Dilmun tomb, c. 2050 BC, built in dry stone above ground with a cylindrical wall, 1 of 13 middle class, late type mounds, at the Janabiyah Burial Mound Field, part of the Dilmun Burial Mounds site, Janabiyah, Bahrain. The site also includes 5 larger Chieftain Mounds. The Janabiyah tombs were constructed for residents of the villages of Saar and Budaiya. These tombs are at risk, due to the planned construction of a shopping mall. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_BAHREIN_MC_054.jpg
  • Burial chamber of a Dilmun tomb with skeleton in foetal position, c. 2050 BC, built in dry stone above ground, 1 of 13 middle class, late type mounds, at the Janabiyah Burial Mound Field, part of the Dilmun Burial Mounds site, Janabiyah, Bahrain. The site also includes 5 larger Chieftain Mounds. The Janabiyah tombs were constructed for residents of the villages of Saar and Budaiya. These tombs are at risk, due to the planned construction of a shopping mall. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_BAHREIN_MC_052.jpg
  • Skeleton in a foetal position in the burial chamber of a Dilmun tomb, c. 2050 BC, built in dry stone above ground, 1 of 13 middle class, late type mounds, at the Janabiyah Burial Mound Field, part of the Dilmun Burial Mounds site, Janabiyah, Bahrain. The site also includes 5 larger Chieftain Mounds. The Janabiyah tombs were constructed for residents of the villages of Saar and Budaiya. These tombs are at risk, due to the planned construction of a shopping mall. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_BAHREIN_MC_053.jpg
  • Dilmun tomb, c. 2050 BC, built in dry stone above ground with a cylindrical wall, 1 of 13 middle class, late type mounds, at the Janabiyah Burial Mound Field, part of the Dilmun Burial Mounds site, Janabiyah, Bahrain. The site also includes 5 larger Chieftain Mounds. The Janabiyah tombs were constructed for residents of the villages of Saar and Budaiya. These tombs are at risk, due to the planned construction of a shopping mall. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_BAHREIN_MC_055.jpg
  • Excavation of a Dilmun tomb, c. 2050 BC, built in dry stone above ground, 1 of 13 middle class, late type mounds, at the Janabiyah Burial Mound Field, part of the Dilmun Burial Mounds site, Janabiyah, Bahrain. The site also includes 5 larger Chieftain Mounds. The Janabiyah tombs were constructed for residents of the villages of Saar and Budaiya. These tombs are at risk, due to the planned construction of a shopping mall. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_BAHREIN_MC_056.jpg
  • Excavation of a Dilmun tomb, c. 2050 BC, built in dry stone above ground, 1 of 13 middle class, late type mounds, at the Janabiyah Burial Mound Field, part of the Dilmun Burial Mounds site, Janabiyah, Bahrain. The site also includes 5 larger Chieftain Mounds. The Janabiyah tombs were constructed for residents of the villages of Saar and Budaiya. These tombs are at risk, due to the planned construction of a shopping mall. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_BAHREIN_MC_057.jpg
  • Early and Middle Dilmun ramparts at the North of the site, aerial photograph, in the Qal'at Al-Bahrain Site Museum, near Manama in Bahrain. The museum was opened in 2008, displaying artefacts of the history and archaeology of the Qal'at al-Bahrain, or Bahrain Fort or Portuguese Fort, built 6th century AD, once the capital of the Dilmun Civilisation. Qal'at al-Bahrain is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_BAHREIN_MC_159.jpg
  • Reconstruction of a Middle Dilmun underground grave from Madinat Hamad, containing several connected chambers reused over many generations, with human bones and clay pots, in the Bahrain National Museum, designed by Krohn and Hartvig Rasmussen, inaugurated December 1988 by Amir Shaikh Isa Bin Salman Al-Khalifa, in Manama, Bahrain. The museum houses cultural and archaeological collections covering 6000 years of history, with rooms entitled Burial Mounds, Dilmun, Tylos and Islam, Customs and Traditions, Traditional Trades and Crafts, and Documents and Manuscripts. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_BAHREIN_MC_237.jpg
  • Reconstruction of a Middle Dilmun underground grave from Madinat Hamad, containing several connected chambers reused over many generations, with human bones and clay pots, in the Bahrain National Museum, designed by Krohn and Hartvig Rasmussen, inaugurated December 1988 by Amir Shaikh Isa Bin Salman Al-Khalifa, in Manama, Bahrain. The museum houses cultural and archaeological collections covering 6000 years of history, with rooms entitled Burial Mounds, Dilmun, Tylos and Islam, Customs and Traditions, Traditional Trades and Crafts, and Documents and Manuscripts. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_BAHREIN_MC_238.jpg
  • Dilmun tomb, c. 2050 BC, built in dry stone above ground with a cylindrical wall, 1 of 13 middle class, late type mounds, at the Janabiyah Burial Mound Field, part of the Dilmun Burial Mounds site, Janabiyah, Bahrain. The site also includes 5 larger Chieftain Mounds. The Janabiyah tombs were constructed for residents of the villages of Saar and Budaiya. These tombs are at risk, due to the planned construction of a shopping mall. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_BAHREIN_MC_051.jpg
  • The Corniche, a busy promenade and road along the eastern harbour, designed in 1870 by Pietro Avoscani, on the Mediterranean Sea coast of Alexandria, Egypt. The road and promenade are over 10 miles long, reaching from Montana to the Citadel of Qaitbay. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0619.jpg
  • People sitting on the sea defences along the Corniche, a busy promenade and road along the eastern harbour, designed in 1870 by Pietro Avoscani, on the Mediterranean Sea coast of Alexandria, Egypt. The road and promenade are over 10 miles long, reaching from Montana to the Citadel of Qaitbay. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0618.jpg
  • Corridor with vaulted brick ceiling inside the Citadel of Qaitbay, or Fort of Qaitbay, a fortress built 1477 by Sultan Al-Ashraf Sayf al-Din Qa'it Bay to defend the coast against the Turks, on Pharos Island at the eastern harbour of Alexandria, Egypt. The building was built by Qagmas Al-Eshaqy and was renovated in the 19th century under Muhammad Ali Pasha. The citadel was built on the site of the Lighthouse of Alexandria, and now houses the Maritime Museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0596.jpg
  • The Corniche, a busy promenade and road along the eastern harbour, designed in 1870 by Pietro Avoscani, on the Mediterranean Sea coast of Alexandria, Egypt. The road and promenade are over 10 miles long, reaching from Montana to the Citadel of Qaitbay. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0637.jpg
  • The Corniche, a busy promenade and road along the eastern harbour, designed in 1870 by Pietro Avoscani, on the Mediterranean Sea coast of Alexandria, Egypt. The road and promenade are over 10 miles long, reaching from Montana to the Citadel of Qaitbay. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0597.jpg
  • Inside the Citadel of Qaitbay, or Fort of Qaitbay, a fortress built 1477 by Sultan Al-Ashraf Sayf al-Din Qa'it Bay to defend the coast against the Turks, on Pharos Island at the eastern harbour of Alexandria, Egypt. The building was built by Qagmas Al-Eshaqy and was renovated in the 19th century under Muhammad Ali Pasha. The citadel was built on the site of the Lighthouse of Alexandria, and now houses the Maritime Museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0595.jpg
  • Citadel of Qaitbay, or Fort of Qaitbay, a fortress built 1477 by Sultan Al-Ashraf Sayf al-Din Qa'it Bay to defend the coast against the Turks, on Pharos Island at the eastern harbour of Alexandria, Egypt. The building was built by Qagmas Al-Eshaqy and was renovated in the 19th century under Muhammad Ali Pasha. The citadel was built on the site of the Lighthouse of Alexandria, and now houses the Maritime Museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0594.jpg
  • Citadel of Qaitbay, or Fort of Qaitbay, a fortress built 1477 by Sultan Al-Ashraf Sayf al-Din Qa'it Bay to defend the coast against the Turks, on Pharos Island at the eastern harbour of Alexandria, Egypt. The building was built by Qagmas Al-Eshaqy and was renovated in the 19th century under Muhammad Ali Pasha. The citadel was built on the site of the Lighthouse of Alexandria, and now houses the Maritime Museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0593.jpg
  • Lighthouse, erected by Emperor Nero in 64-65 AD, on the western edge of the now silted harbour of Patara, Antalya, Turkey. It consists of a square podium 20x20m and a tower rising from the middle. The podium walls were cut from the bedrock and filled with rubble to resist earthquakes. The tower was 26m high and consists of 2 nested cylindrical structures connected through a spiral staircase. The cylindrical exterior wall, 6m in diameter, was built as a double-hulled structure using concavo-convex stone blocks. The staircases were connected to each other so as to increase the static resistance of the tower. On top of the lighthouse was a dome on an octagonal base created by arches on piers. The tower is accessed through a wooden gate to the West. A monumental inscription, originally set in gold-plated bronze lettering, circled the lighthouse at the top of the tower so that it could be read from a distance, stating that Emperor Nero erected the lighthouse for the safety of sailors. This is believed to be the oldest lighthouse in the world. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC624.jpg
  • Lycian inscription from the Lighthouse, erected by Emperor Nero in 64-65 AD, on the western edge of the now silted harbour of Patara, Antalya, Turkey. The inscription was originally set in gold-plated bronze lettering and circled the lighthouse at the top of the tower so that it could be read from a distance. It states that Emperor Nero erected the lighthouse for the safety of sailors. The lighthouse consists of a square podium 20x20m and a tower rising from the middle. The podium walls were cut from the bedrock and filled with rubble to resist earthquakes. The tower was 26m high and consists of 2 nested cylindrical structures connected through a spiral staircase. The cylindrical exterior wall, 6m in diameter, was built as a double-hulled structure using concavo-convex stone blocks. The staircases were connected to each other so as to increase the static resistance of the tower. On top of the lighthouse was a dome on an octagonal base created by arches on piers. The tower is accessed through a wooden gate to the West. This is believed to be the oldest lighthouse in the world. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC623.jpg
  • Lighthouse, erected by Emperor Nero in 64-65 AD, on the western edge of the now silted harbour of Patara, Antalya, Turkey. It consists of a square podium 20x20m and a tower rising from the middle. The podium walls were cut from the bedrock and filled with rubble to resist earthquakes. The tower was 26m high and consists of 2 nested cylindrical structures connected through a spiral staircase. The cylindrical exterior wall, 6m in diameter, was built as a double-hulled structure using concavo-convex stone blocks. The staircases were connected to each other so as to increase the static resistance of the tower. On top of the lighthouse was a dome on an octagonal base created by arches on piers. The tower is accessed through a wooden gate to the West. A monumental inscription, originally set in gold-plated bronze lettering, circled the lighthouse at the top of the tower so that it could be read from a distance, stating that Emperor Nero erected the lighthouse for the safety of sailors. This is believed to be the oldest lighthouse in the world. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC625.jpg
  • Entrance to the Lighthouse, erected by Emperor Nero in 64-65 AD, on the western edge of the now silted harbour of Patara, Antalya, Turkey. It consists of a square podium 20x20m and a tower rising from the middle. The podium walls were cut from the bedrock and filled with rubble to resist earthquakes. The tower was 26m high and consists of 2 nested cylindrical structures connected through a spiral staircase. The cylindrical exterior wall, 6m in diameter, was built as a double-hulled structure using concavo-convex stone blocks. The staircases were connected to each other so as to increase the static resistance of the tower. On top of the lighthouse was a dome on an octagonal base created by arches on piers. The tower is accessed through a wooden gate to the West. A monumental inscription, originally set in gold-plated bronze lettering, circled the lighthouse at the top of the tower so that it could be read from a distance, stating that Emperor Nero erected the lighthouse for the safety of sailors. This is believed to be the oldest lighthouse in the world. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC627.jpg
  • Lighthouse, erected by Emperor Nero in 64-65 AD, on the Western edge of the now silted harbour of Patara, Antalya, Turkey. It consists of a square podium 20x20m and a tower rising from the middle. The podium walls were cut from the bedrock and filled with rubble to resist earthquakes. The tower was 26m high and consists of 2 nested cylindrical structures connected through a spiral staircase. The cylindrical exterior wall, 6m in diameter, was built as a double-hulled structure using concavo-convex stone blocks. The staircases were connected to each other so as to increase the static resistance of the tower. On top of the lighthouse was a dome on an octagonal base created by arches on piers. The tower is accessed through a wooden gate to the West. A monumental inscription, originally set in gold-plated bronze lettering, circled the lighthouse at the top of the tower so that it could be read from a distance, stating that Emperor Nero erected the lighthouse for the safety of sailors. This is believed to be the oldest lighthouse in the world. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC628.jpg
  • Temple of Hadrian, 2nd century AD, Curetes Street, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. The temple was built by Quintilius before 138 AD and was dedicated to the Emperor Hadrian, who came to visit the city from Athens in 128 AD. The colonnade in front of the cella supports a so-called Syrian gable. The reliefs over the door lintel depicting the Ephesian foundation myth were added later. Around 300 AD statues of the emperors Diocletian, Constantius, Maximianus and later Theodosius I were erected, of which inscribed bases are preserved. The facade of the temple has 4 Corinthian style columns supporting a curved arch, in the middle of which contains a relief of Tyche, goddess of victory. The side columns are square. The pedestal with inscriptions in front of the temple, are the bases for the statues of emperors Diocletian, Maximian, Constantius I, and Galerius; the originals of the statues have not been found yet. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC397.jpg
  • Temple of Hadrian, 2nd century AD, Curetes Street, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. The temple was built by Quintilius before 138 AD and was dedicated to the Emperor Hadrian, who came to visit the city from Athens in 128 AD. The colonnade in front of the cella supports a so-called Syrian gable. The reliefs over the door lintel depicting the Ephesian foundation myth were added later. Around 300 AD statues of the emperors Diocletian, Constantius, Maximianus and later Theodosius I were erected, of which inscribed bases are preserved. The facade of the temple has 4 Corinthian style columns supporting a curved arch, in the middle of which contains a relief of Tyche, goddess of victory. The side columns are square. The pedestal with inscriptions in front of the temple, are the bases for the statues of emperors Diocletian, Maximian, Constantius I, and Galerius; the originals of the statues have not been found yet. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC386.jpg
  • Temple of Hadrian, 2nd century AD, Curetes Street, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. The temple was built by Quintilius before 138 AD and was dedicated to the Emperor Hadrian, who came to visit the city from Athens in 128 AD. The colonnade in front of the cella supports a so-called Syrian gable. The reliefs over the door lintel depicting the Ephesian foundation myth were added later. Around 300 AD statues of the emperors Diocletian, Constantius, Maximianus and later Theodosius I were erected, of which inscribed bases are preserved. The facade of the temple has 4 Corinthian style columns supporting a curved arch, in the middle of which contains a relief of Tyche, goddess of victory. The side columns are square. The pedestal with inscriptions in front of the temple, are the bases for the statues of emperors Diocletian, Maximian, Constantius I, and Galerius; the originals of the statues have not been found yet. Inside the temple above the door, a human figure, probably Medusa, stands with ornaments of acanthus leaves. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC301.jpg
  • Honorary seat with lion paw feet in the Theatre, built in the 4th century BC by the Greeks and expanded by the Romans in the 2nd century AD, Priene, Aydin, Turkey. The theatre has seats 6500 seats, and is built into the hill-side. The stage building was a separate structure, and provided a backdrop for the plays which were performed in the orchestra. The honorary seats were in front of the first row, there are 5 armchairs, some of which have lion paw feet. They were donated by an Agonothete (the magistrate who was responsible for putting on the plays), and dedicated to Dionysos. An altar to the god of the theatre was set up in the middle of the front row. In the ancient world plays were performed in honour of the god and included sacrificial rites. Priene was an ancient Greek city in Ionia, originally sited on the sea coast on a steep hill, although the site is now inland. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC455.jpg
  • Theatre, built in the 4th century BC by the Greeks and expanded by the Romans in the 2nd century AD, Priene, Aydin, Turkey. The theatre has seats 6500 seats, and is built into the hill-side. The stage building was a separate structure, and provided a backdrop for the plays which were performed in the orchestra. The honorary seats were in front of the first row. They were donated by an Agonothete (the magistrate who was responsible for putting on the plays), and dedicated to Dionysos. An altar to the god of the theatre was set up in the middle of the front row. In the ancient world plays were performed in honour of the god and included sacrificial rites. Priene was an ancient Greek city in Ionia, originally sited on the sea coast on a steep hill, although the site is now inland. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC447.jpg
  • Altar and honorary seats in the Theatre, built in the 4th century BC by the Greeks and expanded by the Romans in the 2nd century AD, Priene, Aydin, Turkey. The theatre has seats 6500 seats, and is built into the hill-side. The stage building was a separate structure, and provided a backdrop for the plays which were performed in the orchestra. The honorary seats were in front of the first row, there are 5 armchairs, some of which have lion paw feet. They were donated by an Agonothete (the magistrate who was responsible for putting on the plays), and dedicated to Dionysos. An altar to the god of the theatre was set up in the middle of the front row. In the ancient world plays were performed in honour of the god and included sacrificial rites. Priene was an ancient Greek city in Ionia, originally sited on the sea coast on a steep hill, although the site is now inland. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC449.jpg
  • Lighthouse, erected by Emperor Nero in 64-65 AD, on the western edge of the now silted harbour of Patara, Antalya, Turkey. It consists of a square podium 20x20m and a tower rising from the middle. The podium walls were cut from the bedrock and filled with rubble to resist earthquakes. The tower was 26m high and consists of 2 nested cylindrical structures connected through a spiral staircase. The cylindrical exterior wall, 6m in diameter, was built as a double-hulled structure using concavo-convex stone blocks. The staircases were connected to each other so as to increase the static resistance of the tower. On top of the lighthouse was a dome on an octagonal base created by arches on piers. The tower is accessed through a wooden gate to the West. A monumental inscription, originally set in gold-plated bronze lettering, circled the lighthouse at the top of the tower so that it could be read from a distance, stating that Emperor Nero erected the lighthouse for the safety of sailors. This is believed to be the oldest lighthouse in the world. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC626.jpg
  • Lighthouse, erected by Emperor Nero in 64-65 AD, on the western edge of the now silted harbour of Patara, Antalya, Turkey. It consists of a square podium 20x20m and a tower rising from the middle. The podium walls were cut from the bedrock and filled with rubble to resist earthquakes. The tower was 26m high and consists of 2 nested cylindrical structures connected through a spiral staircase. The cylindrical exterior wall, 6m in diameter, was built as a double-hulled structure using concavo-convex stone blocks. The staircases were connected to each other so as to increase the static resistance of the tower. On top of the lighthouse was a dome on an octagonal base created by arches on piers. The tower is accessed through a wooden gate to the West. A monumental inscription, originally set in gold-plated bronze lettering, circled the lighthouse at the top of the tower so that it could be read from a distance, stating that Emperor Nero erected the lighthouse for the safety of sailors. This is believed to be the oldest lighthouse in the world. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC629.jpg
  • Spiral staircase of the Lighthouse, erected by Emperor Nero in 64-65 AD, on the western edge of the now silted harbour of Patara, Antalya, Turkey. It consists of a square podium 20x20m and a tower rising from the middle. The podium walls were cut from the bedrock and filled with rubble to resist earthquakes. The tower was 26m high and consists of 2 nested cylindrical structures connected through a spiral staircase. The cylindrical exterior wall, 6m in diameter, was built as a double-hulled structure using concavo-convex stone blocks. The staircases were connected to each other so as to increase the static resistance of the tower. On top of the lighthouse was a dome on an octagonal base created by arches on piers. The tower is accessed through a wooden gate to the West. A monumental inscription, originally set in gold-plated bronze lettering, circled the lighthouse at the top of the tower so that it could be read from a distance, stating that Emperor Nero erected the lighthouse for the safety of sailors. This is believed to be the oldest lighthouse in the world. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC630.jpg
  • Temple of Hadrian, 2nd century AD, Curetes Street, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. The temple was built by Quintilius before 138 AD and was dedicated to the Emperor Hadrian, who came to visit the city from Athens in 128 AD. The colonnade in front of the cella supports a so-called Syrian gable. The reliefs over the door lintel depicting the Ephesian foundation myth were added later. The facade of the temple has 4 Corinthian style columns supporting a curved arch, in the middle of which contains a relief of Tyche, goddess of victory, seen here above. Inside the temple above the door, a human figure, probably Medusa, stands with ornaments of acanthus leaves, seen here below. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC370.jpg
  • Tyche, goddess of victory, Temple of Hadrian, 2nd century AD, Curetes Street, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. The temple was built by Quintilius before 138 AD and was dedicated to the Emperor Hadrian, who came to visit the city from Athens in 128 AD. The facade of the temple has 4 Corinthian style columns supporting a curved arch, in the middle of which contains a relief of Tyche, goddess of victory, seen here amongst carved decorative stone segments with inscriptions in Greek. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC369.jpg
  • Temple of Hadrian, 2nd century AD, Curetes Street, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. The temple was built by Quintilius before 138 AD and was dedicated to the Emperor Hadrian, who came to visit the city from Athens in 128 AD. The colonnade in front of the cella supports a so-called Syrian gable. The reliefs over the door lintel depicting the Ephesian foundation myth were added later. Around 300 AD statues of the emperors Diocletian, Constantius, Maximianus and later Theodosius I were erected, of which inscribed bases are preserved. The facade of the temple has 4 Corinthian style columns supporting a curved arch, in the middle of which contains a relief of Tyche, goddess of victory. The side columns are square. The pedestal with inscriptions in front of the temple, are the bases for the statues of emperors Diocletian, Maximian, Constantius I, and Galerius; the originals of the statues have not been found yet. Inside the temple above the door, a human figure, probably Medusa, stands with ornaments of acanthus leaves. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC300.jpg
  • Theatre, built in the 4th century BC by the Greeks and expanded by the Romans in the 2nd century AD, Priene, Aydin, Turkey. The theatre has seats 6500 seats, and is built into the hill-side. The stage building was a separate structure, and provided a backdrop for the plays which were performed in the orchestra. The honorary seats were in front of the first row, there are 5 armchairs, some of which have lion paw feet. They were donated by an Agonothete (the magistrate who was responsible for putting on the plays), and dedicated to Dionysos. An altar to the god of the theatre was set up in the middle of the front row. In the ancient world plays were performed in honour of the god and included sacrificial rites. Priene was an ancient Greek city in Ionia, originally sited on the sea coast on a steep hill, although the site is now inland. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC446.jpg
  • Honorary seat with lion paw feet in the Theatre, built in the 4th century BC by the Greeks and expanded by the Romans in the 2nd century AD, Priene, Aydin, Turkey. The theatre has seats 6500 seats, and is built into the hill-side. The stage building was a separate structure, and provided a backdrop for the plays which were performed in the orchestra. The honorary seats were in front of the first row, there are 5 armchairs, some of which have lion paw feet. They were donated by an Agonothete (the magistrate who was responsible for putting on the plays), and dedicated to Dionysos. An altar to the god of the theatre was set up in the middle of the front row. In the ancient world plays were performed in honour of the god and included sacrificial rites. Priene was an ancient Greek city in Ionia, originally sited on the sea coast on a steep hill, although the site is now inland. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC443.jpg
  • Honorary seat with lion paw feet in the Theatre, built in the 4th century BC by the Greeks and expanded by the Romans in the 2nd century AD, Priene, Aydin, Turkey. The theatre has seats 6500 seats, and is built into the hill-side. The stage building was a separate structure, and provided a backdrop for the plays which were performed in the orchestra. The honorary seats were in front of the first row, there are 5 armchairs, some of which have lion paw feet. They were donated by an Agonothete (the magistrate who was responsible for putting on the plays), and dedicated to Dionysos. An altar to the god of the theatre was set up in the middle of the front row. In the ancient world plays were performed in honour of the god and included sacrificial rites. Priene was an ancient Greek city in Ionia, originally sited on the sea coast on a steep hill, although the site is now inland. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC444.jpg
  • Honorary seat with lion paw feet in the Theatre, built in the 4th century BC by the Greeks and expanded by the Romans in the 2nd century AD, Priene, Aydin, Turkey. The theatre has seats 6500 seats, and is built into the hill-side. The stage building was a separate structure, and provided a backdrop for the plays which were performed in the orchestra. The honorary seats were in front of the first row, there are 5 armchairs, some of which have lion paw feet. They were donated by an Agonothete (the magistrate who was responsible for putting on the plays), and dedicated to Dionysos. An altar to the god of the theatre was set up in the middle of the front row. In the ancient world plays were performed in honour of the god and included sacrificial rites. Priene was an ancient Greek city in Ionia, originally sited on the sea coast on a steep hill, although the site is now inland. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC445.jpg
  • Mosaic of a hunting medallion within an acanthus scroll from the border of the mosaic in the Eastern wing of the Burnt Palace, forming part of the Archeological Park of Madaba, Jordan. The Palace was a late 6th century private mansion destroyed by fire and earthquake in 749 AD. Its name stems from the thick ashy layer overlying the mosaic pavement when excavated. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC232.jpg
  • Citadel of Qaitbay, or Fort of Qaitbay, a fortress built 1477 by Sultan Al-Ashraf Sayf al-Din Qa'it Bay to defend the coast against the Turks, on Pharos Island at the eastern harbour of Alexandria, Egypt. The building was built by Qagmas Al-Eshaqy and was renovated in the 19th century under Muhammad Ali Pasha. The citadel was built on the site of the Lighthouse of Alexandria, and now houses the Maritime Museum. In the foreground are colourful boats moored in the harbour. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0644.jpg
  • Citadel of Qaitbay, or Fort of Qaitbay, a fortress built 1477 by Sultan Al-Ashraf Sayf al-Din Qa'it Bay to defend the coast against the Turks, on Pharos Island at the eastern harbour of Alexandria, Egypt. The building was built by Qagmas Al-Eshaqy and was renovated in the 19th century under Muhammad Ali Pasha. The citadel was built on the site of the Lighthouse of Alexandria, and now houses the Maritime Museum. In the foreground are colourful boats moored in the harbour. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0643.jpg
  • Citadel of Qaitbay, or Fort of Qaitbay, a fortress built 1477 by Sultan Al-Ashraf Sayf al-Din Qa'it Bay to defend the coast against the Turks, on Pharos Island at the eastern harbour of Alexandria, Egypt. The building was built by Qagmas Al-Eshaqy and was renovated in the 19th century under Muhammad Ali Pasha. The citadel was built on the site of the Lighthouse of Alexandria, and now houses the Maritime Museum. In the foreground are colourful boats moored in the harbour. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0642.jpg
  • Citadel of Qaitbay, or Fort of Qaitbay, a fortress built 1477 by Sultan Al-Ashraf Sayf al-Din Qa'it Bay to defend the coast against the Turks, on Pharos Island at the eastern harbour of Alexandria, Egypt. The building was built by Qagmas Al-Eshaqy and was renovated in the 19th century under Muhammad Ali Pasha. The citadel was built on the site of the Lighthouse of Alexandria, and now houses the Maritime Museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0639.jpg
  • Citadel of Qaitbay, or Fort of Qaitbay, a fortress built 1477 by Sultan Al-Ashraf Sayf al-Din Qa'it Bay to defend the coast against the Turks, on Pharos Island at the eastern harbour of Alexandria, Egypt. The building was built by Qagmas Al-Eshaqy and was renovated in the 19th century under Muhammad Ali Pasha. The citadel was built on the site of the Lighthouse of Alexandria, and now houses the Maritime Museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0640.jpg
  • Colourful boats moored in the harbour, and in the distance, the Citadel of Qaitbay, or Fort of Qaitbay, a fortress built 1477 by Sultan Al-Ashraf Sayf al-Din Qa'it Bay to defend the coast against the Turks, on Pharos Island at the eastern harbour of Alexandria, Egypt. The building was built by Qagmas Al-Eshaqy and was renovated in the 19th century under Muhammad Ali Pasha. The citadel was built on the site of the Lighthouse of Alexandria, and now houses the Maritime Museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0592.jpg
  • Citadel of Qaitbay, or Fort of Qaitbay, a fortress built 1477 by Sultan Al-Ashraf Sayf al-Din Qa'it Bay to defend the coast against the Turks, on Pharos Island at the eastern harbour of Alexandria, Egypt. The building was built by Qagmas Al-Eshaqy and was renovated in the 19th century under Muhammad Ali Pasha. The citadel was built on the site of the Lighthouse of Alexandria, and now houses the Maritime Museum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0638.jpg
  • Mosaic of a hunting medallion within an acanthus scroll from the border of the mosaic in the Eastern wing of the Burnt Palace, forming part of the Archeological Park of Madaba, Jordan. The Palace was a late 6th century private mansion destroyed by fire and earthquake in 749 AD. Its name stems from the thick ashy layer overlying the mosaic pavement when excavated. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC233.jpg
  • Curetes Street and the Temple of Hadrian, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. Curetes Street is one of 3 main streets in Ephesus, and runs from Hercules Gate to the Celsus Library. The Temple of Hadrian was built by Quintilius before 138 AD and was dedicated to the Emperor Hadrian, who came to visit the city from Athens in 128 AD. The facade of the temple has 4 Corinthian style columns supporting a curved arch, in the middle of which contains a relief of Tyche, goddess of victory. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC318.jpg
  • Woman’s head, terracotta with paint traces, 3rd - 2nd century BC, Hellenistic tradition, found in the Tylos phase houses within the fort, in the Qal'at Al-Bahrain Site Museum, near Manama in Bahrain. The settlement at this time was multicultural, with descendants of the Dilmun, but also from Greece and the Eastern Mediterranean, Syro-Mesopotamia, Arabia and Persia. The museum was opened in 2008, displaying artefacts of the history and archaeology of the Qal'at al-Bahrain, or Bahrain Fort or Portuguese Fort, built 6th century AD, once the capital of the Dilmun Civilisation. Qal'at al-Bahrain is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_BAHREIN_MC_169.JPG
  • The Double Churches, or The Church of Mary, with a font in the foreground, Roman, 2nd century AD, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. This church is known as the Double Church because one aisle was dedicated to the Virgin and the other to St John, and as the Council Church because the Council of Ephesus is believed to have been held here in 431 AD. It is also known as the Hall of the Muses and was used as an education and cultural centre. After Christianity became the official religion of Rome, it was converted into a basilica. It was the first church dedicated to the Virgin Mary. It was 260m in length, and was built with columns in the form of a basilica with a baptistry. After it was partly destroyed, the western part formed a domed basilica, and when this too was ruined, the eastern part of the old basilica was turned into a church. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC377.jpg
  • The Double Churches, or The Church of Mary, Roman, 2nd century AD, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. This church is known as the Double Church because one aisle was dedicated to the Virgin and the other to St John, and as the Council Church because the Council of Ephesus is believed to have been held here in 431 AD. It is also known as the Hall of¬†the Muses and was used as an education and cultural centre. After Christianity became the official religion of Rome, it was converted into a basilica. It was the first church dedicated to the Virgin Mary. It was 260m in length, and was built with columns in the form of a basilica with a baptistery. After it was partly destroyed, the western part formed a domed basilica, and when this too was ruined, the eastern part of the old basilica was turned into a church. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC375.jpg
  • Limestone block, 1350 BC, with royal Kassite inscription on 2 sides, written in Akkadian with Sumerian ideograms, a commemorative inscription from the reign of Burna-Busiah II, who ruled 1361-33 BC, found in the Eastern tower of the coastal fortress and displayed in the Qal'at Al-Bahrain Site Museum, near Manama in Bahrain. The inscription could mark the end of the presence of the Babylonian settlers at Qal’at al-Bahrain. It alludes to the palace, the restoration of a sanctuary, and to a detachment of soldiers or workers. The museum was opened in 2008, displaying artefacts of the history and archaeology of the Qal'at al-Bahrain, or Bahrain Fort or Portuguese Fort, built 6th century AD, once the capital of the Dilmun Civilisation. Qal'at al-Bahrain is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_BAHREIN_MC_162.jpg
  • Pottery jar, Tylos period, containing 310 imitation silver tetradrachms, excavated in 1970 close to the North rampart of the fort, in the Qal'at Al-Bahrain Site Museum, near Manama in Bahrain. The coins were minted in the 2nd century BC and are imitations of the official coinage of Alexander the Great used in the Seleucid Empire, with Alexander as Heracles on one side and, unusually, Shamash, an Eastern Arabian divinity, on the other. The museum was opened in 2008, displaying artefacts of the history and archaeology of the Qal'at al-Bahrain, or Bahrain Fort or Portuguese Fort, built 6th century AD, once the capital of the Dilmun Civilisation. Qal'at al-Bahrain is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_BAHREIN_MC_167.jpg
  • The Double Churches, or The Church of Mary, Roman, 2nd century AD, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. This church is known as the Double Church because one aisle was dedicated to the Virgin and the other to St John, and as the Council Church because the Council of Ephesus is believed to have been held here in 431 AD. It is also known as the Hall of the Muses and was used as an education and cultural centre. After Christianity became the official religion of Rome, it was converted into a basilica. It was the first church dedicated to the Virgin Mary. It was 260m in length, and was built with columns in the form of a basilica with a baptistry. After it was partly destroyed, the western part formed a domed basilica, and when this too was ruined, the eastern part of the old basilica was turned into a church. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC402.jpg
  • The Double Churches, or The Church of Mary, with a font in the foreground, Roman, 2nd century AD, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. This church is known as the Double Church because one aisle was dedicated to the Virgin and the other to St John, and as the Council Church because the Council of Ephesus is believed to have been held here in 431 AD. It is also known as the Hall of the Muses and was used as an education and cultural centre. After Christianity became the official religion of Rome, it was converted into a basilica. It was the first church dedicated to the Virgin Mary. It was 260m in length, and was built with columns in the form of a basilica with a baptistry. After it was partly destroyed, the western part formed a domed basilica, and when this too was ruined, the eastern part of the old basilica was turned into a church. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC376.jpg
  • The Twin Churches, Church of the Rivers and Church of the Palm Tree, built c. 570s AD within the Castrum or Roman fortified camp, against its Eastern wall, Umm ar-Rasas, Amman, Jordan. The churches have a mono apse with 3 naves separated by 2 rows of 3 arches and a raised presbyterium. Umm ar-Rasas is a rectangular walled city which grew from a Roman military camp in the Jordanian desert. Its remains date from the Roman, Byzantine and Umayyad periods (3rd - 9th centuries), including 16 churches with mosaic floors. Excavations began in 1986, although most of the site remains unexplored. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2004. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC428.jpg
  • One of the Twin Churches, Church of the Rivers or Church of the Palm Tree, built c. 570s AD within the Castrum or Roman fortified camp, against its Eastern wall, Umm ar-Rasas, Amman, Jordan. The church has a mono apse with 3 naves separated by 2 rows of 3 arches and a raised presbyterium, seen here. Umm ar-Rasas is a rectangular walled city which grew from a Roman military camp in the Jordanian desert. Its remains date from the Roman, Byzantine and Umayyad periods (3rd - 9th centuries), including 16 churches with mosaic floors. Excavations began in 1986, although most of the site remains unexplored. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2004. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC430.jpg
  • Eastern Ionic colonnade of the Main Street, connecting the inner harbour to the agora in front of the bouleuterion, Hellenistic period, Patara, Antalya, Turkey. This is a Cardo (North-South street) which intersects with the Decumanus (East-West street). It is 12.6m wide and has a colonnade of granite Ionic columns on its East side and one of marble columns on the West, behind which are shops of varying sizes. This colonnaded wide avenue was completely flooded after the earthquakes in the region, and so far, it has been unearthed over 100m. The lack of wheel marks suggests that it functioned as a pedestrian street. There is a sewer system running underneath the street. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC622.jpg
  • Eastern colonnade of the Main Street, connecting the inner harbour to the agora in front of the bouleuterion, Hellenistic period, Patara, Antalya, Turkey. This is a Cardo (North-South street) which intersects with the Decumanus (East-West street). It is 12.6m wide and has a colonnade of granite Ionic columns on its East side and one of marble columns on the West, behind which are shops of varying sizes. This colonnaded wide avenue was completely flooded after the earthquakes in the region, and so far, it has been unearthed over 100m. The lack of wheel marks suggests that it functioned as a pedestrian street. There is a sewer system running underneath the street. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC621.jpg
  • Theatre, 1st century BC - 2nd century AD, on the Eastern slope of the acropolis, Aphrodisias, Aydin, Turkey. This white marble theatre was originally built in 27 BC and remodelled in the 2nd century AD. It was dedicated to Aphrodite and the people of the city by Julius Zoilos, a former slave of Octavian. It seated 7000 and was used in Roman times for gladiatorial spectacles. The stage building consisted of 6 vaulted dressing or storage rooms of which 4 opened into the corridor behind the proskene. The stage building wall had Greek inscriptions of important documents related to the history of the city such as letters of emperors or senatorial decrees. Aphrodisias was a small ancient Greek city in Caria near the modern-day town of Geyre. It was named after Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love, who had here her unique cult image, the Aphrodite of Aphrodisias. The city suffered major earthquakes in the 4th and 7th centuries which destroyed most of the ancient structures. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC491.jpg
  • Stage building of the Theatre, 1st century BC - 2nd century AD, on the Eastern slope of the acropolis, Aphrodisias, Aydin, Turkey. The stage is inscribed with the names of actors such as Homerites, Olympionikos and Asianikos. This white marble theatre was originally built in 27 BC and remodelled in the 2nd century AD. It was dedicated to Aphrodite and the people of the city by Julius Zoilos, a former slave of Octavian. It seated 7000 and was used in Roman times for gladiatorial spectacles. The stage building consisted of 6 vaulted dressing or storage rooms of which 4 opened into the corridor behind the proskene. The stage building wall had Greek inscriptions of important documents related to the history of the city such as letters of emperors or senatorial decrees. Aphrodisias was a small ancient Greek city in Caria near the modern-day town of Geyre. It was named after Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love, who had here her unique cult image, the Aphrodite of Aphrodisias. The city suffered major earthquakes in the 4th and 7th centuries which destroyed most of the ancient structures. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC495.jpg
  • Theatre, 1st century BC - 2nd century AD, on the Eastern slope of the acropolis, Aphrodisias, Aydin, Turkey. This white marble theatre was originally built in 27 BC and remodelled in the 2nd century AD. It was dedicated to Aphrodite and the people of the city by Julius Zoilos, a former slave of Octavian. It seated 7000 and was used in Roman times for gladiatorial spectacles. The stage building consisted of 6 vaulted dressing or storage rooms of which 4 opened into the corridor behind the proskene. The stage building wall had Greek inscriptions of important documents related to the history of the city such as letters of emperors or senatorial decrees. Aphrodisias was a small ancient Greek city in Caria near the modern-day town of Geyre. It was named after Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love, who had here her unique cult image, the Aphrodite of Aphrodisias. The city suffered major earthquakes in the 4th and 7th centuries which destroyed most of the ancient structures. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC492.jpg
  • Theatre, 1st century BC - 2nd century AD, on the Eastern slope of the acropolis, Aphrodisias, Aydin, Turkey. This white marble theatre was originally built in 27 BC and remodelled in the 2nd century AD. It was dedicated to Aphrodite and the people of the city by Julius Zoilos, a former slave of Octavian. It seated 7000 and was used in Roman times for gladiatorial spectacles. The stage building consisted of 6 vaulted dressing or storage rooms of which 4 opened into the corridor behind the proskene. The stage building wall had Greek inscriptions of important documents related to the history of the city such as letters of emperors or senatorial decrees. Aphrodisias was a small ancient Greek city in Caria near the modern-day town of Geyre. It was named after Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love, who had here her unique cult image, the Aphrodite of Aphrodisias. The city suffered major earthquakes in the 4th and 7th centuries which destroyed most of the ancient structures. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC496.jpg
  • Stage of the Theatre, erected 39-27 BC, on the Eastern slope of the acropolis, Aphrodisias, Aydin, Turkey. The stage is inscribed with the names of actors such as Homerites, Olympionikos and Asianikos. This white marble theatre was originally built in 27 BC and remodelled in the 2nd century AD. It was dedicated to Aphrodite and the people of the city by Julius Zoilos, a former slave of Octavian. It seated 7000 and was used in Roman times for gladiatorial spectacles. The stage building consisted of 6 vaulted dressing or storage rooms of which 4 opened into the corridor behind the proskene. The stage building wall had Greek inscriptions of important documents related to the history of the city such as letters of emperors or senatorial decrees. Aphrodisias was a small ancient Greek city in Caria near the modern-day town of Geyre. It was named after Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love, who had here her unique cult image, the Aphrodite of Aphrodisias. The city suffered major earthquakes in the 4th and 7th centuries which destroyed most of the ancient structures. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC494.jpg
  • Jordanian east coast of the Dead Sea, Jordan Rift Valley, Jordan, Middle East. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC015.jpg
  • Jordanian east coast of the Dead Sea, Jordan Rift Valley, Jordan, Middle East. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC017.jpg
  • Jordanian east coast of the Dead Sea, Jordan Rift Valley, Jordan, Middle East. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC016.jpg
  • Jordanian east coast of the Dead Sea, Jordan Rift Valley, Jordan, Middle East. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC013.jpg
  • Jordanian east coast of the Dead Sea, Jordan Rift Valley, Jordan, Middle East. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC012.jpg
  • Jordanian east coast of the Dead Sea, Jordan Rift Valley, Jordan, Middle East. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC018.jpg
  • Jordanian east coast of the Dead Sea, Jordan Rift Valley, Jordan, Middle East. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC011.jpg
  • Jordanian east coast of the Dead Sea, Jordan Rift Valley, Jordan, Middle East. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC12_Jordan_MC014.jpg
  • The Eastern ramparts of the medieval walled city, Dubrovnik, Croatia. The city developed as an important port in the 15th and 16th centuries and has had a multicultural history, allied to the Romans, Ostrogoths, Byzantines, Ancona, Hungary and the Ottomans. In 1979 the city was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_DUBROVNIK_MC091.jpg
  • Shops on Al-Muizz street, one of the oldest streets in Cairo, founded in the 10th century during the Fatimid dynasty, in the walled city of historic Cairo, Egypt. In the distance is the Mosque-Sabil of Sulayman Agha al-Silahdar, an Ottoman mosque, sabil and kuttab built 1839 under Muhammad Ali Pasha. The street's full name is Al-Muizz li-Din Allah al-Fatimi street, named after caliph Al-Mu'izz Ii-Din Allah, and it is nearly 1km long. Historic Cairo is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0647.jpg
  • Stone bas relief of crowned bearded man with lion's body, c. 1150, originally from Picheny abbey, Montlevon, Aisne, Picardie, (now destroyed) and displayed at the museum at Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Burgundy, France. The carving is inspired by Sassanian dynasty Persian reliefs. The Cistercian abbey at Fontenay was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. Its abbey church is the oldest Cistercian church in France. Collection ED. Aynard Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC426.jpg
  • Mosque-Sabil of Sulayman Agha al-Silahdar, an Ottoman mosque, sabil and kuttab built 1839 under Muhammad Ali Pasha, on Al-Muizz street, one of the oldest streets in Cairo, founded in the 10th century during the Fatimid dynasty, in the walled city of historic Cairo, Egypt. The street's full name is Al-Muizz li-Din Allah al-Fatimi street, named after caliph Al-Mu'izz Ii-Din Allah, and it is nearly 1km long. Historic Cairo is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0646.jpg
  • Shops on Al-Muizz street, one of the oldest streets in Cairo, founded in the 10th century during the Fatimid dynasty, in the walled city of historic Cairo, Egypt. The street's full name is Al-Muizz li-Din Allah al-Fatimi street, named after caliph Al-Mu'izz Ii-Din Allah, and it is nearly 1km long. Historic Cairo is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0648.jpg
  • Stone bas relief of crowned bearded man with lion's body, c. 1150, originally from Picheny abbey, Montlevon, Aisne, Picardie, (now destroyed) and displayed at the museum at Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Burgundy, France. The carving is inspired by Sassanian dynasty Persian reliefs. The Cistercian abbey at Fontenay was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. Its abbey church is the oldest Cistercian church in France. Collection ED. Aynard Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC421.jpg
  • People on the jetty of Ortakoy and the Bosphorus Bridge, also called the First Bosphorus Bridge (Bogazici Koprusu), Bosphorus Strait, Istanbul, Marmara, Turkey. This bridge is one of 2 suspension bridges spanning the Bosphorus Strait, connecting Europe and Asia. It is located between Ortakoy (on the European side) and Beylerbeyi (on the Asian side). It is a gravity anchored suspension bridge with steel towers and inclined hangers. It is 1560m long with a deck width of 33.40m. The distance between the towers is 1074m and the total height of the towers is 165m. The Bosphorus Bridge had the 4th longest suspension bridge span in the world when it was completed in 1973, and is at present the 21st longest. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC13_Turkey_MC022.jpg
  • Boys fishing on the jetty of Ortakoy and the Bosphorus Bridge, also called the First Bosphorus Bridge (Bogazici Koprusu), Bosphorus Strait, Istanbul, Marmara, Turkey. This bridge is one of 2 suspension bridges spanning the Bosphorus Strait, connecting Europe and Asia. It is located between Ortakoy (on the European side) and Beylerbeyi (on the Asian side). It is a gravity anchored suspension bridge with steel towers and inclined hangers. It is 1560m long with a deck width of 33.40m. The distance between the towers is 1074m and the total height of the towers is 165m. The Bosphorus Bridge had the 4th longest suspension bridge span in the world when it was completed in 1973, and is at present the 21st longest. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC13_Turkey_MC021.jpg
  • Theatre, originally built in the 2nd century BC and restored under Emperor Tiberius, Kursunlutepe Hill, Patara, Antalya, Turkey. The auditorium or koilon seats 6000 in 38 rows of seats, 23 in the upper section and 14 in the lower, and a diazoma contains seats reserved for prominent and privileged spectators. The stage building, not seen here, was built in the 2nd century AD. A removable awning called a velarium provided the spectators with shade from the sun. There are 9 radial stairways and the upper section is also accessible through vaulted corridors ascended by stairs on each side. Above the top row of seats is a temple dedicated to Dionysus. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC610.jpg
  • Special seats on the diazoma and vaulted access passage at the Theatre, originally built in the 2nd century BC and restored under Emperor Tiberius, Kursunlutepe Hill, Patara, Antalya, Turkey. The auditorium or koilon seats 6000 in 38 rows of seats, 23 in the upper section and 14 in the lower, and a diazoma contains seats reserved for prominent and privileged spectators, seen here. A removable awning called a velarium provided the spectators with shade from the sun. There are 9 radial stairways and the upper section is also accessible through vaulted corridors ascended by stairs on each side. Above the top row of seats is a temple dedicated to Dionysus. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC611.jpg
  • Stone carved with military symbols and gladiator armour from the Theatre, originally built in the 2nd century BC and restored under Emperor Tiberius, Kursunlutepe Hill, Patara, Antalya, Turkey. It is believed that gladiator fights took place here after a major Roman reconstruction of the theatre. The auditorium or koilon seats 6000 in 38 rows of seats, 23 in the upper section and 14 in the lower, and a diazoma contains seats reserved for prominent and privileged spectators. The stage building was built in the 2nd century AD. A removable awning called a velarium provided the spectators with shade from the sun. There are 9 radial stairways and the upper section is also accessible through vaulted corridors ascended by stairs on each side. Above the top row of seats is a temple dedicated to Dionysus. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC635.jpg
  • Theatre, originally built in the 2nd century BC and restored under Emperor Tiberius, Kursunlutepe Hill, Patara, Antalya, Turkey. The auditorium or koilon seats 6000 in 38 rows of seats, 23 in the upper section and 14 in the lower, and a diazoma contains seats reserved for prominent and privileged spectators. The stage building was built in the 2nd century AD. A removable awning called a velarium provided the spectators with shade from the sun. There are 9 radial stairways and the upper section is also accessible through vaulted corridors ascended by stairs on each side. Above the top row of seats is a temple dedicated to Dionysus. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC634.jpg
  • Theatre, originally built in the 2nd century BC and restored under Emperor Tiberius, Kursunlutepe Hill, Patara, Antalya, Turkey. The auditorium or koilon seats 6000 in 38 rows of seats, 23 in the upper section and 14 in the lower, and a diazoma contains seats reserved for prominent and privileged spectators. The stage building was built in the 2nd century AD. A removable awning called a velarium provided the spectators with shade from the sun. There are 9 radial stairways and the upper section is also accessible through vaulted corridors ascended by stairs on each side. Above the top row of seats is a temple dedicated to Dionysus. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC643.jpg
  • Doorway between rooms in the Basilica of St John, built 536-565 AD under Emperor Justinian on the site of the apostle's tomb, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. St John the Evangelist spent his last years in Ephesus and died here. In the 4th century a church was erected over his tomb but in the 6th century Justinian ordered the construction of a large, 6-domed basilica built of stone and brick with marble columns in a Greek cross plan, the ruins of which we see today. The church measures 130x56m and was an important Christian pilgrimage site, attaining the status of "Church of the Cross". The church interior would have been covered with frescoes, and the vaults with mosaics. An earthquake in the 14th century destroyed most of the building. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC565.jpg
  • Nave of the Basilica of St John, built 536-565 AD under Emperor Justinian on the site of the apostle's tomb, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. St John the Evangelist spent his last years in Ephesus and died here. In the 4th century a church was erected over his tomb but in the 6th century Justinian ordered the construction of a large, 6-domed basilica built of stone and brick with marble columns in a Greek cross plan, the ruins of which we see today. The church measures 130x56m and was an important Christian pilgrimage site, attaining the status of "Church of the Cross". The domes were over the central crossing, choir, transepts and nave. Five domes rested on solid piers in the corners of the cross and surmounted the arms and centre crossing, held in place by massive marble pillars. Storks now nest on the capitals of the columns on the upper storey of the nave arcade or narthex, seen here. The church interior would have been covered with frescoes, and the vaults with mosaics. An earthquake in the 14th century destroyed most of the building. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC568.jpg
  • Apse and transepts of the Basilica of St John, built 536-565 AD under Emperor Justinian on the site of the apostle's tomb, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. St John the Evangelist spent his last years in Ephesus and died here. In the 4th century a church was erected over his tomb but in the 6th century Justinian ordered the construction of a large, 6-domed basilica built of stone and brick with marble columns in a Greek cross plan, the ruins of which we see today. The church measures 130x56m and was an important Christian pilgrimage site, attaining the status of "Church of the Cross". The apse is to the East of the church and would have had a central altar. The domes were over the central crossing, choir, transepts and nave. Five domes rested on solid piers in the corners of the cross and surmounted the arms and centre crossing, held in place by massive marble pillars. Storks now nest on the capitals of the columns on the upper storey. The church interior would have been covered with frescoes, and the vaults with mosaics. An earthquake in the 14th century destroyed most of the building. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC569.jpg
  • Nymphaeum Traiani or Fountain of Trajan, 102-114 AD, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. The fountain building was donated by Tiberius Claudius Aristion and his wife in honour of Artemis of Ephesus and Emperor Trajan. A 2 storey facade surrounded the fountain on 3 sides, while the statue of Trajan, with a globe under his feet, stood over the water outlet in the central niche overlooking the pool. The pool of the fountain was 20x10m, surrounded by columns and statues of Dionysus, Satyr, Aphrodite and the family of Trajan. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC398.jpg
  • Nymphaeum Traiani or Fountain of Trajan, 102-114 AD, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. The fountain building was donated by Tiberius Claudius Aristion and his wife in honour of Artemis of Ephesus and Emperor Trajan. A 2 storey facade surrounded the fountain on 3 sides, while the statue of Trajan, with a globe under his feet, stood over the water outlet in the central niche overlooking the pool. The pool of the fountain was 20x10m, surrounded by columns and statues of Dionysus, Satyr, Aphrodite and the family of Trajan. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC396.jpg
  • Medusa frieze, Temple of Hadrian, 2nd century AD, Curetes Street, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. The temple was built by Quintilius before 138 AD and was dedicated to the Emperor Hadrian, who came to visit the city from Athens in 128 AD. Inside the temple above the door, a human figure, probably Medusa, stands with ornaments of acanthus leaves, seen here. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC385.jpg
  • Nymphaeum Traiani or Fountain of Trajan, 102-114 AD, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. The fountain building was donated by Tiberius Claudius Aristion and his wife in honour of Artemis of Ephesus and Emperor Trajan. A 2 storey facade surrounded the fountain on 3 sides, while the statue of Trajan, with a globe under his feet, stood over the water outlet in the central niche overlooking the pool. The pool of the fountain was 20x10m, surrounded by columns and statues of Dionysus, Satyr, Aphrodite and the family of Trajan. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC387.jpg
  • Medusa frieze, Temple of Hadrian, 2nd century AD, Curetes Street, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. The temple was built by Quintilius before 138 AD and was dedicated to the Emperor Hadrian, who came to visit the city from Athens in 128 AD. Inside the temple above the door, a human figure, probably Medusa, stands with ornaments of acanthus leaves, seen here. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC367.jpg
  • The South East corner of the Tetragonos Agora, or commercial market square, the Gate of Mazeus and Mythridates with its 3 passages on the left, and the first floor of the Library of Celsus in the distance, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC313.jpg
  • Nymphaeum Traiani or Fountain of Trajan, 102-114 AD, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. The fountain building was donated by Tiberius Claudius Aristion and his wife in honour of Artemis of Ephesus and Emperor Trajan. A 2 storey facade surrounded the fountain on 3 sides, while the statue of Trajan, with a globe under his feet, stood over the water outlet in the central niche overlooking the pool. The pool of the fountain was 20x10m, surrounded by columns and statues of Dionysus, Satyr, Aphrodite and the family of Trajan. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC296.jpg
  • Doorway to the Tomb of St John at the Basilica of St John with the 2-storey narthex behind, built 536-565 AD under Emperor Justinian on the site of the apostle's tomb, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. St John the Evangelist spent his last years in Ephesus and died here. In the 4th century a church was erected over his tomb but in the 6th century Justinian ordered the construction of a large, 6-domed basilica built of stone and brick with marble columns in a Greek cross plan, the ruins of which we see today. The church measures 130x56m and was an important Christian pilgrimage site, attaining the status of "Church of the Cross". This doorway leads onto the far end of the nave opposite the narthex, where storks now nest on the capitals of the columns on the upper storey, seen here. The church interior would have been covered with frescoes, and the vaults with mosaics. An earthquake in the 14th century destroyed most of the building. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC559.jpg
  • Tomb of St John on the bema or raised platform in the nave of the Basilica of St John with the atrium in the distance, built 536-565 AD under Emperor Justinian on the site of the apostle's tomb, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. St John the Evangelist spent his last years in Ephesus and died here. In the 4th century a church was erected over his tomb but in the 6th century Justinian ordered the construction of a large, 6-domed basilica built of stone and brick with marble columns in a Greek cross plan, the ruins of which we see today. The church measures 130x56m and was an important Christian pilgrimage site, attaining the status of "Church of the Cross". The tomb and the burial area were unearthed by the first excavator, Greek archaeologist G A. Soteriu, in 1920-22. From the early Christian period, dust from the tomb was said to be miraculous and cure illness. The tomb itself is in the crypt below this columned structure. The floor of the bema was covered in polychrome geometric stone panels. Originally, the church interior would have been covered with frescoes, and the vaults with mosaics. An earthquake in the 14th century destroyed most of the building. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC560.jpg
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