manuel cohen

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  • Entrance to the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC669.jpg
  • Entrance to the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC698.jpg
  • Inside the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, with one of its arched tunnel entrances, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC646.jpg
  • Lycian sarcophagus tombs in Tlos, a Lycian city in the Xanthos valley, Antalya, Turkey. Tlos was a major Lycian city from the 5th century BC, joining the Lycian Federation in the 2nd century BC. It was settled by the Greeks, Romans, Byzantines and finally the Ottoman Turks. Tlos has an agora, rock tombs and sarcophagi, a stadium, an acropolis, public bath, church and theatre, as well as the Ottoman residence of Ali Agha, governor of the region during the 19th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC735.jpg
  • Inside the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, with one of its arched tunnel entrances, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC654.jpg
  • Inside the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, with one of its arched tunnel entrances, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC696.jpg
  • The Roman agora or town square, built in the 2nd or 3rd century AD to replace the old agora, and the Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one. On the right, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC677.jpg
  • Entrance to the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC668.jpg
  • Lycian sarcophagus tombs with a rainbow in the sky overhead at the acropolis at Sydima, a Lycian site at Dorduga village, Fethiye, Antalya, Turkey. The ruins here date from the earliest classical Lycian period around the 5th century BC, although many of the remaining structures are Roman. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC720.jpg
  • Lycian temple-type rock tombs carved into the cliff in Tlos, a Lycian city in the Xanthos valley, Antalya, Turkey. Tlos was a major Lycian city from the 5th century BC, joining the Lycian Federation in the 2nd century BC. It was settled by the Greeks, Romans, Byzantines and finally the Ottoman Turks. Tlos has an agora, rock tombs and sarcophagi, a stadium, an acropolis, public bath, church and theatre, as well as the Ottoman residence of Ali Agha, governor of the region during the 19th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC737.jpg
  • The Lycian pillar tomb, thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. This is the only tomb of its kind in Lycia. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC741.jpg
  • The Roman agora or town square, built in the 2nd or 3rd century AD to replace the old agora, and the Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one. On the right, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC701.jpg
  • The Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, and on the right, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. In the foreground is another Lycian tomb. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC703.jpg
  • The Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD with a capacity of 2200, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, with remains of the stage building, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC648.jpg
  • Inscriptions on the Lycian Royal tombs, built for an important ruler in Pinara, an ancient Lycian city on Mount Kragos, Fethiye, Mugla, Turkey. Lycian inscriptions are found all over the site, often interspersed with Greek script. Pinara was founded in the 5th century BC as an extension of the overcrowded Xanthos and was one of the largest cities in Lycia. It was a religious centre dedicated to Apollo, Athena and Aphrodite which later became Christianised and was a bishopric in Byzantine times before being abandoned in the 9th century. The remains of several ancient temples can be seen in Pinara, as well as rock tombs, an upper and lower acropolis, a theatre, an odeon, an agora and a church. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC731.jpg
  • Lycian temple-type rock tombs carved into the cliff in Tlos, a Lycian city in the Xanthos valley, Antalya, Turkey. Tlos was a major Lycian city from the 5th century BC, joining the Lycian Federation in the 2nd century BC. It was settled by the Greeks, Romans, Byzantines and finally the Ottoman Turks. Tlos has an agora, rock tombs and sarcophagi, a stadium, an acropolis, public bath, church and theatre, as well as the Ottoman residence of Ali Agha, governor of the region during the 19th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC746.jpg
  • The Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, and on the right, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC700.jpg
  • The Roman agora or town square, built in the 2nd or 3rd century AD to replace the old agora, and the Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one. On the left, a Lycian tomb, and on the right, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC702.jpg
  • Inside the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, with one of its arched tunnel entrances, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC699.jpg
  • The Lycian pillar tomb, thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. This is the only tomb of its kind in Lycia. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC681.jpg
  • Inside the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, with one of its arched tunnel entrances, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC651.jpg
  • Inside the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, with one of its arched tunnel entrances, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC649.jpg
  • Inside the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, with one of its arched tunnel entrances, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC650.jpg
  • The Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD with a capacity of 2200, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, with remains of the stage building, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC647.jpg
  • Honorary inscription by the Lycian League for the city of Patara, 1st century AD, from Patara, Antalya, Turkey. The Lycian League was the earliest known democracy. It was formed in 205 BC of 23 member states, each of whom could elect a representative to the senate which met at the Bouleuterion in Patara. The inscription reads, "The Lycian League has honoured again the people of Patara with a golden wreath and a colossal bronze statue because from the beginning they have been working in the best way for the political advantage of the Lycian League and made an important contribution towards achieving the goodwill of the divine Augusti." Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC613.jpg
  • Inside the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, with one of its arched tunnel entrances, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC697.jpg
  • Entrance to the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC660.jpg
  • The Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. The reliefs on the Harpy monument, thought to be a gift to the sarcophagus owner and his wife from other family members, were taken by Charles Fellows to the British Museum in 1842 and replaced with copies. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC655.jpg
  • Looking through the entrance to the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, and in the distance, the unusual Lycian pillar tomb, thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC653.jpg
  • The Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb(left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC645.jpg
  • The Lycian pillar tomb, thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. This is the only tomb of its kind in Lycia. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC644.jpg
  • Lycian sarcophagus tombs on 3-stepped krepis at the acropolis at Sydima, a Lycian site at Dorduga village, Fethiye, Antalya, Turkey. The ruins here date from the earliest classical Lycian period around the 5th century BC, although many of the remaining structures are Roman. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC722.jpg
  • The Greek Harpy monument (left), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (right), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. The reliefs on the Harpy monument, thought to be a gift to the sarcophagus owner and his wife from other family members, were taken by Charles Fellows to the British Museum in 1842 and replaced with plaster copies. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC682.jpg
  • Looking through the entrance to the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, and in the distance, the unusual Lycian pillar tomb, thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC710.jpg
  • The Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD with a capacity of 2200, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, with remains of the stage building, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC711.jpg
  • A Lycian sarcophagus tomb at the acropolis at Sydima, a Lycian site at Dorduga village, Fethiye, Antalya, Turkey. The ruins here date from the earliest classical Lycian period around the 5th century BC, although many of the remaining structures are Roman. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC717.jpg
  • Lycian sarcophagus tombs at the acropolis at Sydima, a Lycian site at Dorduga village, Fethiye, Antalya, Turkey. The ruins here date from the earliest classical Lycian period around the 5th century BC, although many of the remaining structures are Roman. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC718.jpg
  • Lycian sarcophagus tombs with a rainbow in the sky overhead at the acropolis at Sydima, a Lycian site at Dorduga village, Fethiye, Antalya, Turkey. The ruins here date from the earliest classical Lycian period around the 5th century BC, although many of the remaining structures are Roman. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC721.jpg
  • Inscriptions on the Lycian Royal tombs, built for an important ruler in Pinara, an ancient Lycian city on Mount Kragos, Fethiye, Mugla, Turkey. Lycian inscriptions are found all over the site, often interspersed with Greek script. Pinara was founded in the 5th century BC as an extension of the overcrowded Xanthos and was one of the largest cities in Lycia. It was a religious centre dedicated to Apollo, Athena and Aphrodite which later became Christianised and was a bishopric in Byzantine times before being abandoned in the 9th century. The remains of several ancient temples can be seen in Pinara, as well as rock tombs, an upper and lower acropolis, a theatre, an odeon, an agora and a church. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC732.jpg
  • Inside the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, with one of its arched tunnel entrances, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC695.jpg
  • Rock-hewn Lycian tombs in the necropolis to the east of the acropolis at Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC693.jpg
  • Rock-hewn Lycian tomb with a pillar tomb above in the necropolis to the east of the acropolis at Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. The pillar tomb is a pillar of rock on a 3-stepped krepis with a burial chamber on top, with a hole for the body to enter. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC687.jpg
  • Rock-hewn Lycian tombs in the necropolis to the east of the acropolis at Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC683.jpg
  • The Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD with a capacity of 2200, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, with remains of the stage building, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC674.jpg
  • The Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD with a capacity of 2200, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, and on the right, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC671.jpg
  • Lycian sarcophagus tombs at the acropolis at Sydima, a Lycian site at Dorduga village, Fethiye, Antalya, Turkey. The ruins here date from the earliest classical Lycian period around the 5th century BC, although many of the remaining structures are Roman. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC719.jpg
  • Lycian sarcophagus tomb in Pinara, an ancient Lycian city on Mount Kragos, Fethiye, Mugla, Turkey. Pinara was founded in the 5th century BC as an extension of the overcrowded Xanthos and was one of the largest cities in Lycia. It was a religious centre dedicated to Apollo, Athena and Aphrodite which later became Christianised and was a bishopric in Byzantine times before being abandoned in the 9th century. The remains of several ancient temples can be seen in Pinara, as well as rock tombs, an upper and lower acropolis, a theatre, an odeon, an agora and a church. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC723.jpg
  • Rock-hewn Lycian tombs with a pillar tomb above in the necropolis to the east of the acropolis at Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. The pillar tomb is a pillar of rock on a 3-stepped krepis with a burial chamber on top, with a hole for the body to enter. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC690.JPG
  • Rock-hewn Lycian tombs, with geometric recessed carved shapes, in the necropolis to the east of the acropolis at Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC686.jpg
  • Lycian 'pigeon hole' tombs cut into the cliff at Pinara, an ancient Lycian city on Mount Kragos, Fethiye, Mugla, Turkey. Pinara was founded in the 5th century BC as an extension of the overcrowded Xanthos and was one of the largest cities in Lycia. It was a religious centre dedicated to Apollo, Athena and Aphrodite which later became Christianised and was a bishopric in Byzantine times before being abandoned in the 9th century. The remains of several ancient temples can be seen in Pinara, as well as rock tombs, an upper and lower acropolis, a theatre, an odeon, an agora and a church. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC726.jpg
  • Tomb of the bull, a Lycian rock tomb with arched tympanum topped with carved bull's horns, an ancient Anatolian symbol of courage and power, in Pinara, an ancient Lycian city on Mount Kragos, Fethiye, Mugla, Turkey. Pinara was founded in the 5th century BC as an extension of the overcrowded Xanthos and was one of the largest cities in Lycia. It was a religious centre dedicated to Apollo, Athena and Aphrodite which later became Christianised and was a bishopric in Byzantine times before being abandoned in the 9th century. The remains of several ancient temples can be seen in Pinara, as well as rock tombs, an upper and lower acropolis, a theatre, an odeon, an agora and a church. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC727.jpg
  • Lycian Royal tombs, built for an important ruler in Pinara, an ancient Lycian city on Mount Kragos, Fethiye, Mugla, Turkey. These are temple-type tombs cut directly into the rock of the mountain. Pinara was founded in the 5th century BC as an extension of the overcrowded Xanthos and was one of the largest cities in Lycia. It was a religious centre dedicated to Apollo, Athena and Aphrodite which later became Christianised and was a bishopric in Byzantine times before being abandoned in the 9th century. The remains of several ancient temples can be seen in Pinara, as well as rock tombs, an upper and lower acropolis, a theatre, an odeon, an agora and a church. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC730.JPG
  • Rock-hewn Lycian sarcophagus and the ancient walls surrounding the necropolis to the east of the acropolis at Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC692.jpg
  • Inside a rock-hewn Lycian sarcophagus with shelves for the bodies of family members, in the necropolis to the east of the acropolis at Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC688.jpg
  • Rock-hewn Lycian tombs, with geometric recessed carved shapes, in the necropolis to the east of the acropolis at Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC684.jpg
  • Tomb of the bull, a Lycian rock tomb with arched tympanum topped with carved bull's horns, an ancient Anatolian symbol of courage and power, in Pinara, an ancient Lycian city on Mount Kragos, Fethiye, Mugla, Turkey. Pinara was founded in the 5th century BC as an extension of the overcrowded Xanthos and was one of the largest cities in Lycia. It was a religious centre dedicated to Apollo, Athena and Aphrodite which later became Christianised and was a bishopric in Byzantine times before being abandoned in the 9th century. The remains of several ancient temples can be seen in Pinara, as well as rock tombs, an upper and lower acropolis, a theatre, an odeon, an agora and a church. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC725.jpg
  • Lycian Royal tombs, built for an important ruler in Pinara, an ancient Lycian city on Mount Kragos, Fethiye, Mugla, Turkey. These are temple-type tombs cut directly into the rock of the mountain. Pinara was founded in the 5th century BC as an extension of the overcrowded Xanthos and was one of the largest cities in Lycia. It was a religious centre dedicated to Apollo, Athena and Aphrodite which later became Christianised and was a bishopric in Byzantine times before being abandoned in the 9th century. The remains of several ancient temples can be seen in Pinara, as well as rock tombs, an upper and lower acropolis, a theatre, an odeon, an agora and a church. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC743.jpg
  • Inside the Tomb of the bull, a Lycian rock tomb with arched tympanum topped with carved bull's horns, an ancient Anatolian symbol of courage and power, showing shelves for the bodies, in Pinara, an ancient Lycian city on Mount Kragos, Fethiye, Mugla, Turkey. Pinara was founded in the 5th century BC as an extension of the overcrowded Xanthos and was one of the largest cities in Lycia. It was a religious centre dedicated to Apollo, Athena and Aphrodite which later became Christianised and was a bishopric in Byzantine times before being abandoned in the 9th century. The remains of several ancient temples can be seen in Pinara, as well as rock tombs, an upper and lower acropolis, a theatre, an odeon, an agora and a church. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC728.jpg
  • Lycian rock tomb and sarcophagus tomb reached by rock-cut steps in Pinara, an ancient Lycian city on Mount Kragos, Fethiye, Mugla, Turkey. Pinara was founded in the 5th century BC as an extension of the overcrowded Xanthos and was one of the largest cities in Lycia. It was a religious centre dedicated to Apollo, Athena and Aphrodite which later became Christianised and was a bishopric in Byzantine times before being abandoned in the 9th century. The remains of several ancient temples can be seen in Pinara, as well as rock tombs, an upper and lower acropolis, a theatre, an odeon, an agora and a church. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC729.jpg
  • Lycian sarcophagus tomb with steps leading to it cut into the rock, in Pinara, an ancient Lycian city on Mount Kragos, Fethiye, Mugla, Turkey. Pinara was founded in the 5th century BC as an extension of the overcrowded Xanthos and was one of the largest cities in Lycia. It was a religious centre dedicated to Apollo, Athena and Aphrodite which later became Christianised and was a bishopric in Byzantine times before being abandoned in the 9th century. The remains of several ancient temples can be seen in Pinara, as well as rock tombs, an upper and lower acropolis, a theatre, an odeon, an agora and a church. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC733.jpg
  • Rock-hewn Lycian sarcophagus in the necropolis to the east of the acropolis at Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC691.jpg
  • Lycian tombs at Tepecik Necropolis on Tepecik Hill, with the Arch of Mettius Modestus in the distance, Patara, Antalya, Turkey. The necropolis sits on a Neolithic mound dating to the 7th century BC and contains a whole range of tomb types dating from the 5th century BC, including temple tombs, monumental tombs, temenos tombs, U-shaped altar tombs, chamber tombs, rock-cut tombs, underground chamber tombs, pithos burials, simple burials and sarcophagi. The triple-vaulted triumphal Arch of Mettius Modestus is composed of 4 massive piers connected by 3 arches. It functioned as the final part of the aqueduct built by Trebonius Proculus Mettius Modestus, governor under the emperor Trajan. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC580.jpg
  • Lycian tombs at Tepecik Necropolis on Tepecik Hill, Patara, Antalya, Turkey. The necropolis sits on a Neolithic mound dating to the 7th century BC and contains a whole range of tomb types dating from the 5th century BC, including temple tombs, monumental tombs, temenos tombs, U-shaped altar tombs, chamber tombs, rock-cut tombs, underground chamber tombs, pithos burials, simple burials and sarcophagi. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC636.jpg
  • Rock-hewn Lycian tombs, with geometric recessed carved shapes, in the necropolis to the east of the acropolis at Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC685.jpg
  • Rock-hewn Lycian tombs and the ancient wall surrounding the necropolis to the east of the acropolis at Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC694.jpg
  • Inside a rock-hewn Lycian sarcophagus with shelves for the bodies of family members, in the necropolis to the east of the acropolis at Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC689.jpg
  • Lycian tombs at Tepecik Necropolis on Tepecik Hill, with the Arch of Mettius Modestus in the distance, Patara, Antalya, Turkey. The necropolis sits on a Neolithic mound dating to the 7th century BC and contains a whole range of tomb types dating from the 5th century BC, including temple tombs, monumental tombs, temenos tombs, U-shaped altar tombs, chamber tombs, rock-cut tombs, underground chamber tombs, pithos burials, simple burials and sarcophagi. The triple-vaulted triumphal Arch of Mettius Modestus is composed of 4 massive piers connected by 3 arches. It functioned as the final part of the aqueduct built by Trebonius Proculus Mettius Modestus, governor under the emperor Trajan. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC579.jpg
  • The Roman stadium seating 2500 people and the 150 long agora or market hall behind, in Tlos, a Lycian city in the Xanthos valley, Antalya, Turkey. These structures date from the 2nd century AD after an earthquake in 141 AD destroyed much of the city. Tlos was a major Lycian city from the 5th century BC, joining the Lycian Federation in the 2nd century BC. It was settled by the Greeks, Romans, Byzantines and finally the Ottoman Turks. Tlos has an agora, rock tombs and sarcophagi, a stadium, an acropolis, public bath, church and theatre, as well as the Ottoman residence of Ali Agha, governor of the region during the 19th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC734.jpg
  • Detail of inscription on the Xanthian Obelisk, 425-400 BC, a large monolithic block on a 2-stepped krepis, with a trilingual inscription on all 4 sides, in Ancient Greek, Lycian and Milyan (the last two are Anatolian languages), giving important information about the period‚??s history. At 250 lines, the Lycian inscription is the longest known. The  monument was erected in memory of the wars fought by the Lycian prince Kherei and originally topped a funerary chamber (now in the Istanbul Archaeological Museum), and had a projecting horizontal roof and a crowning. It is behind the north portico of the agora, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC657.jpg
  • Detail of inscription on the Xanthian Obelisk, 425-400 BC, a large monolithic block on a 2-stepped krepis, with a trilingual inscription on all 4 sides, in Ancient Greek, Lycian and Milyan (the last two are Anatolian languages), giving important information about the period‚??s history. At 250 lines, the Lycian inscription is the longest known. The  monument was erected in memory of the wars fought by the Lycian prince Kherei and originally topped a funerary chamber (now in the Istanbul Archaeological Museum), and had a projecting horizontal roof and a crowning. It is behind the north portico of the agora, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC658.jpg
  • Roman Theatre with 34 rows of seats supported by underground vaults, in Tlos, a Lycian city in the Xanthos valley, Antalya, Turkey. The theatre took 150 years to build and was funded by donations from private citizens. Tlos was a major Lycian city from the 5th century BC, joining the Lycian Federation in the 2nd century BC. It was settled by the Greeks, Romans, Byzantines and finally the Ottoman Turks. Tlos has an agora, rock tombs and sarcophagi, a stadium, an acropolis, public bath, church and theatre, as well as the Ottoman residence of Ali Agha, governor of the region during the 19th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC744.jpg
  • The Xanthian Obelisk, 425-400 BC, a large monolithic block on a 2-stepped krepis, with a trilingual inscription on all 4 sides, in Ancient Greek, Lycian and Milyan (the last 2 are Anatolian languages), giving important information about the period‚??s history. At 250 lines, the Lycian inscription is the longest known. The  monument was erected in memory of the wars fought by the Lycian prince Kherei and originally topped a funerary chamber (now in the Istanbul Archaeological Museum), and had a projecting horizontal roof and a crowning. It is behind the north portico of the agora, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC659.jpg
  • Ruins of the Ottoman castle, residence of Ali Agha, governor of the region during the 19th century, in Tlos, a Lycian city in the Xanthos valley, Antalya, Turkey. Tlos was a major Lycian city from the 5th century BC, joining the Lycian Federation in the 2nd century BC. It was settled by the Greeks, Romans, Byzantines and finally the Ottoman Turks. Tlos has an agora, rock tombs and sarcophagi, a stadium, an acropolis, public bath, church and theatre. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC736.jpg
  • Tomb of Bellerophon, a large temple-type tomb with an unfinished facade of 4 columns and a relief in its porch of the legendary hero Bellerophon riding his winged horse Pegasus, in Tlos, a Lycian city in the Xanthos valley, Antalya, Turkey. Tlos was a major Lycian city from the 5th century BC, joining the Lycian Federation in the 2nd century BC. It was settled by the Greeks, Romans, Byzantines and finally the Ottoman Turks. Tlos has an agora, rock tombs and sarcophagi, a stadium, an acropolis, public bath, church and theatre, as well as the Ottoman residence of Ali Agha, governor of the region during the 19th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC738.jpg
  • Ruins of the Ottoman castle, residence of Ali Agha, governor of the region during the 19th century, in Tlos, a Lycian city in the Xanthos valley, Antalya, Turkey. Tlos was a major Lycian city from the 5th century BC, joining the Lycian Federation in the 2nd century BC. It was settled by the Greeks, Romans, Byzantines and finally the Ottoman Turks. Tlos has an agora, rock tombs and sarcophagi, a stadium, an acropolis, public bath, church and theatre. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC745.jpg
  • Carved face on a Lycian sarcophagus tomb at the acropolis at Sydima, a Lycian site at Dorduga village, Fethiye, Antalya, Turkey. The ruins here date from the earliest classical Lycian period around the 5th century BC, although many of the remaining structures are Roman. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC715.jpg
  • Detail of inscription on the Xanthian Obelisk, 425-400 BC, a large monolithic block on a 2-stepped krepis, with a trilingual inscription on all 4 sides, in Ancient Greek, Lycian and Milyan (the last two are Anatolian languages), giving important information about the period‚??s history. At 250 lines, the Lycian inscription is the longest known. The  monument was erected in memory of the wars fought by the Lycian prince Kherei and originally topped a funerary chamber (now in the Istanbul Archaeological Museum), and had a projecting horizontal roof and a crowning. It is behind the north portico of the agora, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC656.jpg
  • Carved face of a woman with a sorrowful expression, possibly with small wings on her forehead, from the underside of the slab topping a large temple-type monumental Lycian tomb at the acropolis at Sydima, a Lycian site at Dorduga village, Fethiye, Antalya, Turkey. The tomb is raised on two steps and originally had 2 columns.  The top slab has beautiful carved reliefs of human heads, believed to be women, and flowers, which were originally painted. The ruins at Sydima date from the earliest classical Lycian period around the 5th century BC, although many of the remaining structures are Roman. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC712.jpg
  • Carved face of a woman with a solemn expression wearing a headband from the underside of the slab topping a large temple-type monumental Lycian tomb at the acropolis at Sydima, a Lycian site at Dorduga village, Fethiye, Antalya, Turkey. The tomb is raised on two steps and originally had 2 columns.  The top slab has beautiful carved reliefs of human heads, believed to be women, and flowers, which were originally painted. The ruins at Sydima date from the earliest classical Lycian period around the 5th century BC, although many of the remaining structures are Roman. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC713.jpg
  • Carved face of a smiling woman from the underside of the slab topping a large temple-type monumental Lycian tomb at the acropolis at Sydima, a Lycian site at Dorduga village, Fethiye, Antalya, Turkey. The tomb is raised on two steps and originally had 2 columns.  The top slab has beautiful carved reliefs of human heads, believed to be women, and flowers, which were originally painted. The ruins at Sydima date from the earliest classical Lycian period around the 5th century BC, although many of the remaining structures are Roman. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC13_Turkey_MC714.jpg
  • Carved face on a Lycian sarcophagus tomb at the acropolis at Sydima, a Lycian site at Dorduga village, Fethiye, Antalya, Turkey. The ruins here date from the earliest classical Lycian period around the 5th century BC, although many of the remaining structures are Roman. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC716.jpg
  • Relief of 2 women dancing, from the Dancing Maiden Sarcophagus, 4th century BC, a Lycian funerary monument with reliefs of battle and hunting scenes along the long sides and of 2 women dancing on the short sides of the sarcophagus lid, in the necropolis to the east of the acropolis at Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC666.jpg
  • Inscription stone on the Decumanus, a colonnaded road running east-west, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Many inscriptions in both Greek and the ancient Lycian language were found at this site. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC662.jpg
  • Bouleuterion, originally built in the Hellenistic age but rebuilt by the Romans and recently reconstructed, Patara, Antalya, Turkey. The Bouleuterion or Assembly Hall housed the meetings of the elected members of the Synedrion or Assembly of the Lycian League. The interior resembles a theatre and seats 1000 and was decorated with statues donated by the member states of the League. In the 2nd century AD a Lycian architect named Dionysus built a roof over the building. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC612.jpg
  • The Dancing Maiden Sarcophagus, 4th century BC, a Lycian funerary monument with reliefs of battle and hunting scenes along the long sides and of 2 women dancing on the short sides of the sarcophagus lid, in the necropolis to the east of the acropolis at Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. In the distance are the greenhouses of the Xanthos valley where most of Turkey's tomatoes are grown. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC667.jpg
  • The Dancing Maiden Sarcophagus, 4th century BC, a Lycian funerary monument with reliefs of battle and hunting scenes along the long sides and of 2 women dancing on the short sides of the sarcophagus lid, in the necropolis to the east of the acropolis at Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. In the distance are the greenhouses of the Xanthos valley where most of Turkey's tomatoes are grown. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC665.jpg
  • Detail of text from an inscription stone on the Decumanus, a colonnaded road running east-west, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Many inscriptions in both Greek and the ancient Lycian language were found at this site. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC661.jpg
  • Lycian inscription from the Lighthouse, erected by Emperor Nero in 64-65 AD, on the western edge of the now silted harbour of Patara, Antalya, Turkey. The inscription was originally set in gold-plated bronze lettering and circled the lighthouse at the top of the tower so that it could be read from a distance. It states that Emperor Nero erected the lighthouse for the safety of sailors. The lighthouse consists of a square podium 20x20m and a tower rising from the middle. The podium walls were cut from the bedrock and filled with rubble to resist earthquakes. The tower was 26m high and consists of 2 nested cylindrical structures connected through a spiral staircase. The cylindrical exterior wall, 6m in diameter, was built as a double-hulled structure using concavo-convex stone blocks. The staircases were connected to each other so as to increase the static resistance of the tower. On top of the lighthouse was a dome on an octagonal base created by arches on piers. The tower is accessed through a wooden gate to the West. This is believed to be the oldest lighthouse in the world. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC623.jpg
  • Stone with carved inscriptions in the Lycian language from Letoon, near Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Many inscriptions have been uncovered at this site, including the Letoon trilingual, in Lycian Greek and Aramaic, which is held at the Fethiye Museum. The large monoliths with Lycian script are the most important source of knowledge of this lost ancient language. The Letoon or Sanctuary of Leto was the sacred cult centre of Lycia, its most important sanctuary, and was dedicated to the 3 national deities of Lycia, Leto and her twin children Apollo and Artemis. Leto was also worshipped as a family deity and as the guardian of the tomb. The site is 10km South of the ancient city of Xanthos in Lycia, near the modern-day village of Kumluova, Fethiye. Founded in the 6th century BC, the Greek site also flourished throughout Roman times, and a church was built here in the Christian era. The site was abandoned in the 7th century AD. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC604.jpg
  • Stone with carved inscriptions in the Lycian language found near the Temple of Apollo, built 4th century BC, at Letoon, near Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Many inscriptions have been uncovered at this site, including the Letoon trilingual, in Lycian Greek and Aramaic, which is held at the Fethiye Museum. The large monoliths with Lycian script are the most important source of knowledge of this lost ancient language. The Letoon or Sanctuary of Leto was the sacred cult centre of Lycia, its most important sanctuary, and was dedicated to the 3 national deities of Lycia, Leto and her twin children Apollo and Artemis. Leto was also worshipped as a family deity and as the guardian of the tomb. The site is 10km South of the ancient city of Xanthos in Lycia, near the modern-day village of Kumluova, Fethiye. Founded in the 6th century BC, the Greek site also flourished throughout Roman times, and a church was built here in the Christian era. The site was abandoned in the 7th century AD. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC599.jpg
  • Theatre, 2nd century BC, built in the Greek style, at the base of the city of Pinara, an ancient Lycian city on Mount Kragos, Fethiye, Mugla, Turkey. The theatre holds 3200 and consists of 27 rows divided into 9 wedge sectors by 10 flights of steps. Pinara was founded in the 5th century BC as an extension of the overcrowded Xanthos and was one of the largest cities in Lycia. It was a religious centre dedicated to Apollo, Athena and Aphrodite which later became Christianised and was a bishopric in Byzantine times before being abandoned in the 9th century. The remains of several ancient temples can be seen in Pinara, as well as rock tombs, an upper and lower acropolis, a theatre, an odeon, an agora and a church. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC742.jpg
  • Main street, connecting the inner harbour to the agora in front of the bouleuterion, looking towards the Southern Gate, Hellenistic period, Patara, Antalya, Turkey. This is a Cardo (North-South street) which intersects with the Decumanus (East-West street). It is 12.6m wide and has a colonnade of granite Ionic columns on its East side and one of marble columns on the West, behind which we can see shops of varying sizes. This colonnaded wide avenue was completely flooded after the earthquakes in the region, and so far, it has been unearthed over 100m. The lack of wheel marks suggests that it functioned as a pedestrian street. There is a sewer system running underneath the street. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC619.jpg
  • Theatre, 2nd century BC, built in the Greek style, at the base of the city of Pinara, an ancient Lycian city on Mount Kragos, Fethiye, Mugla, Turkey. The theatre holds 3200 and consists of 27 rows divided into 9 wedge sectors by 10 flights of steps. Pinara was founded in the 5th century BC as an extension of the overcrowded Xanthos and was one of the largest cities in Lycia. It was a religious centre dedicated to Apollo, Athena and Aphrodite which later became Christianised and was a bishopric in Byzantine times before being abandoned in the 9th century. The remains of several ancient temples can be seen in Pinara, as well as rock tombs, an upper and lower acropolis, a theatre, an odeon, an agora and a church. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC724.jpg
  • Special seats on the diazoma and vaulted access passage at the Theatre, originally built in the 2nd century BC and restored under Emperor Tiberius, Kursunlutepe Hill, Patara, Antalya, Turkey. The auditorium or koilon seats 6000 in 38 rows of seats, 23 in the upper section and 14 in the lower, and a diazoma contains seats reserved for prominent and privileged spectators, seen here. A removable awning called a velarium provided the spectators with shade from the sun. There are 9 radial stairways and the upper section is also accessible through vaulted corridors ascended by stairs on each side. Above the top row of seats is a temple dedicated to Dionysus. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC611.jpg
  • Entrance to the Lighthouse, erected by Emperor Nero in 64-65 AD, on the western edge of the now silted harbour of Patara, Antalya, Turkey. It consists of a square podium 20x20m and a tower rising from the middle. The podium walls were cut from the bedrock and filled with rubble to resist earthquakes. The tower was 26m high and consists of 2 nested cylindrical structures connected through a spiral staircase. The cylindrical exterior wall, 6m in diameter, was built as a double-hulled structure using concavo-convex stone blocks. The staircases were connected to each other so as to increase the static resistance of the tower. On top of the lighthouse was a dome on an octagonal base created by arches on piers. The tower is accessed through a wooden gate to the West. A monumental inscription, originally set in gold-plated bronze lettering, circled the lighthouse at the top of the tower so that it could be read from a distance, stating that Emperor Nero erected the lighthouse for the safety of sailors. This is believed to be the oldest lighthouse in the world. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC627.jpg
  • Theatre, originally built in the 2nd century BC and restored under Emperor Tiberius, Kursunlutepe Hill, Patara, Antalya, Turkey. The auditorium or koilon seats 6000 in 38 rows of seats, 23 in the upper section and 14 in the lower, and a diazoma contains seats reserved for prominent and privileged spectators. The stage building was built in the 2nd century AD. A removable awning called a velarium provided the spectators with shade from the sun. There are 9 radial stairways and the upper section is also accessible through vaulted corridors ascended by stairs on each side. Above the top row of seats is a temple dedicated to Dionysus. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC643.jpg
  • Arch of Mettius Modestus, built c. 100 AD to celebrate the completion of an aqueduct to bring water to the city, Patara, Antalya, Turkey. This triple-vaulted triumphal arch is composed of 4 massive piers connected by 3 arches. It functioned as the final part of the aqueduct built by Trebonius Proculus Mettius Modestus, governor under the emperor Trajan. It was originally decorated with statues of him and his family on the twelve projecting consoles. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC581.jpg
  • Theatre, originally built in the 2nd century BC and restored under Emperor Tiberius, Kursunlutepe Hill, Patara, Antalya, Turkey. The auditorium or koilon seats 6000 in 38 rows of seats, 23 in the upper section and 14 in the lower, and a diazoma contains seats reserved for prominent and privileged spectators. The stage building was built in the 2nd century AD. A removable awning called a velarium provided the spectators with shade from the sun. There are 9 radial stairways and the upper section is also accessible through vaulted corridors ascended by stairs on each side. Above the top row of seats is a temple dedicated to Dionysus. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC634.jpg
  • Arch of Mettius Modestus, built c. 100 AD to celebrate the completion of an aqueduct to bring water to the city, Patara, Antalya, Turkey. This triple-vaulted triumphal arch is composed of 4 massive piers connected by 3 arches. It functioned as the final part of the aqueduct built by Trebonius Proculus Mettius Modestus, governor under the emperor Trajan. It was originally decorated with statues of him and his family on the twelve projecting consoles. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC578.jpg
  • Spiral staircase of the Lighthouse, erected by Emperor Nero in 64-65 AD, on the western edge of the now silted harbour of Patara, Antalya, Turkey. It consists of a square podium 20x20m and a tower rising from the middle. The podium walls were cut from the bedrock and filled with rubble to resist earthquakes. The tower was 26m high and consists of 2 nested cylindrical structures connected through a spiral staircase. The cylindrical exterior wall, 6m in diameter, was built as a double-hulled structure using concavo-convex stone blocks. The staircases were connected to each other so as to increase the static resistance of the tower. On top of the lighthouse was a dome on an octagonal base created by arches on piers. The tower is accessed through a wooden gate to the West. A monumental inscription, originally set in gold-plated bronze lettering, circled the lighthouse at the top of the tower so that it could be read from a distance, stating that Emperor Nero erected the lighthouse for the safety of sailors. This is believed to be the oldest lighthouse in the world. Patara was a maritime Greek and Roman city on the South West Mediterranean coast of Lycia near modern-day Gelemis. It was said to be founded by Patarus, son of Apollo, and was famous for its temple and oracle of Apollo. It was a leading city of the Lycian League. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC630.jpg
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