manuel cohen

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  • Detail of decoration, Islam Hodja Minaret, 1910, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 5, 2010, at sunset. Commissioned by the reforming Grand Visier, Islam Khodja, the minaret is 44.8 metres high, tapering towards the top, its ochre brick alternating with bands of decorative blue and white tiles. It is the final architectural achievement of the Khanates. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC158.jpg
  • Low angle view of Islam Hodja Minaret, 1910,  Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 5, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by the reforming Grand Visier, Islam Khodja, the minaret is 44.8 metres high, tapering towards the top, its ochre brick alternating with bands of decorative blue and white tiles. It is the final architectural achievement of the Khanates. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC150.JPG
  • General view of Islam Hodja Minaret, 1910, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 5, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by the reforming Grand Visier, Islam Khodja, the minaret is 44.8 metres high, tapering towards the top, its ochre brick alternating with bands of decorative blue and white tiles. It is the final architectural achievement of the Khanates. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC139.jpg
  • General view of Pahlavan Mahmud Mausoleum, 14th-16th century, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured at sunset on July 5, 2010. Visible are its blue tile-covered dome which commands Khiva's skyline and on the right the Islam Hodja minaret, 1910. Commissioned by the reforming Grand Visier, Islam Khodja, the minaret is 44.8 metres high, tapering towards the top, its ochre brick alternating with bands of decorative blue and white tiles. It is the final architectural achievement of the Khanates.
    LC_Uzbekistan_0710_MC041.jpg
  • General view of Pahlavan Mahmud Mausoleum, 14th-16th century, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured at sunset on July 5, 2010. Visible are its blue tile-covered dome which commands Khiva's skyline and on the right the Islam Hodja minaret, 1910, and the Juma Mosque Minaret on the left. Commissioned by the reforming Grand Visier, Islam Khodja, the minaret is 44.8 metres high, tapering towards the top, its ochre brick alternating with bands of decorative blue and white tiles. It is the final architectural achievement of the Khanates. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC245.jpg
  • General view of Pahlavan Mahmud Mausoleum, 14th-16th century, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured at sunset. Visible are its blue tile-covered dome which commands Khiva's skyline and on the right the Islam Hodja minaret, 1910. Commissioned by the reforming Grand Visier, Islam Khodja, the minaret is 44.8 metres high, tapering towards the top, its ochre brick alternating with bands of decorative blue and white tiles. It is the final architectural achievement of the Khanates. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC243.jpg
  • Aerial view Ichan Kala, showing Madrasah of Muhammad Rakhim-khan II, 1871, on the left, with Islam Hodja Minaret, 1910, to its right, Juma Mosque and Minaret plus dome of Pahlavan Mahmud Mausoleum, 14th-16th century, on the right in the background, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 5, 2010, in the afternoon. The Muhammad Rakhim-khan II Madrasah is one of the biggest Madrasahs in Khiva and was commissioned by Muhammad-Rahim II (1863-1910), it has a two tiered celled facade, with a massive central portal, and small towers at the corners.  Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC246.jpg
  • Panoramic view of the side of the Matniyaz Divan-begi madrasah (right) 1871, Kalta Minor (centre) 1855, and Ota Darvoza (Father Gate) (left) with the Madrasah of Muhammad Rakhim-khan II, 1871 (background), Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, at sunset. Juma Mosque Minaret (left), dome of the Pahlavan Mahmud Mausoleum and the Islam Hodja minaret (right) are visible in the distance. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC247.jpg
  • High angle view from the Islam Hodja minaret of the Pahlavan Mahmud Mausoleum, 14th-16th centuries, and in the distance the Matniyaz Divan-begi Madrasah, 1871, and the Kalta Minor, 1855, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 4, 2010, at sunrise. The mausoleum centres on the shrine of Pahlavan Mahmud, Khiva's  patron saint , and is also the burial complex of the Qungrat Khans. 19th and 20th century remodeling extended the complex whose blue dome dominates Khiva's skyline rising above its brick building and domes of the adjacent graveyard. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC218.jpg
  • Man passing under the barrier beyond which non-muslims are not permitted, in the access corridor to the Mausoleum of Moulay Idriss I, running alongside a courtyard (through the horseshoe arches) and with the minaret above, Moulay Idriss, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The mausoleum was rebuilt by Moulay Ismail, 1672-1727, in the 17th century and is the site of an important moussem or pilgrimage festival each summer. The town was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. His body was moved to a tomb in the mausoleum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC196.jpg
  • Interior of the Mausoleum of Moulay Idriss I, open only to non-muslims, with carpeted floor, tiled walls, horseshoe arch windows and stained glass, Moulay Idriss, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The mausoleum was rebuilt by Moulay Ismail, 1672-1727, in the 17th century and is the site of an important moussem or pilgrimage festival each summer. The town was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. His body was moved to a tomb in the mausoleum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC199.JPG
  • Ablutions room of the Mausoleum of Moulay Idriss I, open only to non-muslims, with its central fountain, tiled floor and horseshoe arch colonnade, Moulay Idriss, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The mausoleum was rebuilt by Moulay Ismail, 1672-1727, in the 17th century and is the site of an important moussem or pilgrimage festival each summer. The town was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. His body was moved to a tomb in the mausoleum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC200.JPG
  • Ablutions room of the Mausoleum of Moulay Idriss I, open only to non-muslims, with its central fountain, tiled floor and horseshoe arch colonnade, Moulay Idriss, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The mausoleum was rebuilt by Moulay Ismail, 1672-1727, in the 17th century and is the site of an important moussem or pilgrimage festival each summer. The town was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. His body was moved to a tomb in the mausoleum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC202.JPG
  • Courtyard of the Mausoleum of Moulay Idriss I, open only to non-muslims, with its tiled floor and horseshoe arch colonnade, Moulay Idriss, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The mausoleum was rebuilt by Moulay Ismail, 1672-1727, in the 17th century and is the site of an important moussem or pilgrimage festival each summer. The town was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. His body was moved to a tomb in the mausoleum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC203.JPG
  • Man passing under the barrier beyond which non-muslims are not permitted, in the access corridor to the Mausoleum of Moulay Idriss I, running alongside a courtyard (through the horseshoe arches) and with the minaret above, Moulay Idriss, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The mausoleum was rebuilt by Moulay Ismail, 1672-1727, in the 17th century and is the site of an important moussem or pilgrimage festival each summer. The town was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. His body was moved to a tomb in the mausoleum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC195.jpg
  • Access corridor to the Mausoleum of Moulay Idriss I, running alongside a courtyard (through the horseshoe arches) and with the minaret above, Moulay Idriss, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The mausoleum was rebuilt by Moulay Ismail, 1672-1727, in the 17th century and is the site of an important moussem or pilgrimage festival each summer. The town was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. His body was moved to a tomb in the mausoleum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC197.jpg
  • Courtyard of the Mausoleum of Moulay Idriss I, open only to non-muslims, with its tiled floor and horseshoe arch colonnade, Moulay Idriss, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The mausoleum was rebuilt by Moulay Ismail, 1672-1727, in the 17th century and is the site of an important moussem or pilgrimage festival each summer. The town was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. His body was moved to a tomb in the mausoleum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC201.jpg
  • Access corridor to the Mausoleum of Moulay Idriss I, running alongside a courtyard (through the horseshoe arches) and with the minaret above, Moulay Idriss, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The mausoleum was rebuilt by Moulay Ismail, 1672-1727, in the 17th century and is the site of an important moussem or pilgrimage festival each summer. The town was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. His body was moved to a tomb in the mausoleum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC208.jpg
  • Evening view of the access corridor to the Mausoleum of Moulay Idriss I, running alongside a courtyard (through the horseshoe arches) and with the minaret above, Moulay Idriss, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The mausoleum was rebuilt by Moulay Ismail, 1672-1727, in the 17th century and is the site of an important moussem or pilgrimage festival each summer. The town was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. His body was moved to a tomb in the mausoleum. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC207.JPG
  • Arabic inscription on a foundation stone of a mosque, with koranic quotation, 1421 AD, in the Bahrain National Museum, designed by Krohn and Hartvig Rasmussen, inaugurated December 1988 by Amir Shaikh Isa Bin Salman Al-Khalifa, in Manama, Bahrain. The museum houses cultural and archaeological collections covering 6000 years of history, with rooms entitled Burial Mounds, Dilmun, Tylos and Islam, Customs and Traditions, Traditional Trades and Crafts, and Documents and Manuscripts. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_BAHREIN_MC_239.jpg
  • Children playing at an old street fountain in Moulay Idriss, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The town sits atop 2 hills on Mount Zerhoun and was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. It is an important pilgrimage site for muslims. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC209.jpg
  • Main square of Moulay Idriss at night, outside of the medina walls, seen from the rooftops of the medina, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The town sits atop 2 hills on Mount Zerhoun and was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. It is an important pilgrimage site for muslims. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC211.jpg
  • View of the town of Moulay Idriss, over rooftops of houses with flat roofs with the minaret of the Mausoleum of Moulay Idriss I in the foreground, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The town sits atop 2 hills on Mount Zerhoun and was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. It is an important pilgrimage site for muslims. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC212.jpg
  • Woman in a narrow street in the medina or old town of Moulay Idriss, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The town sits atop 2 hills on Mount Zerhoun and was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. It is an important pilgrimage site for muslims. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC210.jpg
  • View of the town of Moulay Idriss, over rooftops of houses with flat roofs, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The town sits atop 2 hills on Mount Zerhoun and was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. It is an important pilgrimage site for muslims. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC214.jpg
  • View of the town of Moulay Idriss, over rooftops of houses with flat roofs, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The town sits atop 2 hills on Mount Zerhoun and was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. It is an important pilgrimage site for muslims. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC215.jpg
  • View of the town of Moulay Idriss, over rooftops of houses with flat roofs with the minaret of the Mausoleum of Moulay Idriss I on the right, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The town sits atop 2 hills on Mount Zerhoun and was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. It is an important pilgrimage site for muslims. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC213.jpg
  • View of the town of Moulay Idriss, over rooftops with the Mausoleum of Moulay Idriss I in the foreground, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The town sits atop 2 hills on Mount Zerhoun and was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. It is an important pilgrimage site for muslims. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC217.jpg
  • View of the town of Moulay Idriss, over rooftops with the Mausoleum of Moulay Idriss I in the foreground, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The town sits atop 2 hills on Mount Zerhoun and was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. It is an important pilgrimage site for muslims. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC216.jpg
  • View of the town of Moulay Idriss, over rooftops with the Mausoleum of Moulay Idriss I in the foreground, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The town sits atop 2 hills on Mount Zerhoun and was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. It is an important pilgrimage site for muslims. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC218.jpg
  • View of the town of Moulay Idriss, over rooftops with the Mausoleum of Moulay Idriss I in the foreground, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The town sits atop 2 hills on Mount Zerhoun and was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. It is an important pilgrimage site for muslims. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC219.jpg
  • Circular minaret of a mosque in Moulay Idriss, dated 1939, decorated with green and white tiles with Koranic inscriptions, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. This is the only circular minaret in Morocco. The town sits atop 2 hills on Mount Zerhoun and was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. It is an important pilgrimage site for muslims. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC220.jpg
  • Circular minaret of a mosque in Moulay Idriss, dated 1939, decorated with green and white tiles with Koranic inscriptions, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. This is the only circular minaret in Morocco. The town sits atop 2 hills on Mount Zerhoun and was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. It is an important pilgrimage site for muslims. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC221.jpg
  • View of the town of Moulay Idriss, over rooftops with the Mausoleum of Moulay Idriss I in the foreground, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The town sits atop 2 hills on Mount Zerhoun and was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. It is an important pilgrimage site for muslims. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC190.jpg
  • Circular minaret of a mosque in Moulay Idriss, dated 1939, decorated with green and white tiles with Koranic inscriptions, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. This is the only circular minaret in Morocco. The town sits atop 2 hills on Mount Zerhoun and was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. It is an important pilgrimage site for muslims. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC189.jpg
  • View of the town of Moulay Idriss, over rooftops with the Mausoleum of Moulay Idriss I in the foreground, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The town sits atop 2 hills on Mount Zerhoun and was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. It is an important pilgrimage site for muslims. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC191.jpg
  • View of the town of Moulay Idriss, over rooftops with the Mausoleum of Moulay Idriss I in the foreground, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The town sits atop 2 hills on Mount Zerhoun and was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. It is an important pilgrimage site for muslims. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC192.jpg
  • Rooftops of Moulay Idriss, with the 17th century Mausoleum of Moulay Idriss I in the foreground, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The town sits atop 2 hills on Mount Zerhoun and was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. It is an important pilgrimage site for muslims. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC193.jpg
  • Main square of Moulay Idriss, outside of the medina walls, seen from the rooftops of the medina, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The town sits atop 2 hills on Mount Zerhoun and was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. It is an important pilgrimage site for muslims. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC194.jpg
  • Main square of Moulay Idriss, outside of the medina walls, seen from the rooftops of the medina, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The town sits atop 2 hills on Mount Zerhoun and was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. It is an important pilgrimage site for muslims. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC204.jpg
  • Constantine, Emperor of the East at Constantinople, is concerned about the rise of Islam, and dreams about the strength of Charlemagne, seen here on the right on horseback, with a white helmet, spear and red shield. An angel points at Charlemagne. Section of the dream of Constantine, from the Charlemagne window, early 13th century, in the ambulatory of Chartres Cathedral, Eure-et-Loir, France. Chartres cathedral was built 1194-1250 and is a fine example of Gothic architecture. Most of its windows date from 1205-40 although a few earlier 12th century examples are also intact. It was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC442.jpg
  • Panoramic view of Mausoleums of the middle group, Shah-I Zinda Complex, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 19, 2010, in the early morning. The Shah-i-Zinda Complex is a necropolis of mausoleums whose legendary origin dates back to 676 when Kussam-ibn-Abbas arrived to convert the locals to Islam. So successful was he that he was assassinated whilst at prayer. His grave remains the centre of the sacred site which grew over many centuries, especially the 14th and 15th, into an architecturally stunning  example of ceramic art. From right to left: "Nameless 1" Mausoleum, 1380s, created by Usto Alim Nesefi, the mausoleum is decorated  with relief painted majolica; the portal decorations are notable for the symbol of "octagonal stars"; to its left are 4 unknown Mausoleums; then another Mausoleum built in the 1380s, and on the extreme left, an octagonal pavilion with a high dome and lancet arches, built under Ulugh Beg. Samarkand, a city on the Silk Road, founded as Afrosiab in the 7th century BC, is a meeting point for the world's cultures. Its most important development was in the Timurid period, 14th to 15th centuries. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC137.jpg
  • Panoramic view of Shah-i-Zinda Complex, including double-dome mausoleum, early 15th century, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 17, 2010, in the afternoon. The Shah-i-Zinda Complex is a necropolis of mausoleums whose legendary origin dates back to 676 when Kussam-ibn-Abbas arrived to convert the locals to Islam. So successful was he that he was assassinated whilst at prayer. His grave remains the centre of the sacred site which grew over many centuries, especially the 14th and 15th, into an architecturally stunning  example of ceramic art. Samarkand, a city on the Silk Road, founded as Afrosiab in the 7th century BC, is a meeting point for the world's cultures. Its most important development was in the Timurid period, 14th to 15th centuries. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC135.jpg
  • View from below of the ceiling of the Shadi-Mulk Mausoleum, 1372, Shah-I Zinda Complex One, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 19, 2010. The Shah-i-Zinda Complex is a necropolis of mausoleums whose legendary origin dates back to 676 when Kussam-ibn-Abbas arrived to convert the locals to Islam. So successful was he that he was assassinated whilst at prayer. His grave remains the centre of the sacred site which grew over many centuries, especially the 14th and 15th, into an architecturally stunning  example of ceramic art. Samarkand, a city on the Silk Road, founded as Afrosiab in the 7th century BC, is a meeting point for the world's cultures. Its most important development was in the Timurid period, 14th to 15th centuries. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC127.jpg
  • Detail of decorative tiling, Mausoleum, 1361, Shah-I Zinda Complex,  Samarkand, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 19, 2010, in the morning. The Shah-i-Zinda Complex is a necropolis of mausoleums whose legendary origin dates back to 676 when Kussam-ibn-Abbas arrived to convert the locals to Islam. So successful was he that he was assassinated whilst at prayer. His grave remains the centre of the sacred site which grew over many centuries, especially the 14th and 15th, into an architecturally stunning  example of ceramic art. This mausoleum is trimmed with carved slip terracota. One of Timur's wives might have been buried here. Samarkand, a city on the Silk Road, founded as Afrosiab in the 7th century BC, is a meeting point for the world's cultures. Its most important development was in the Timurid period, 14th to 15th centuries. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC126.jpg
  • Detail of octagonal star decoration, "Nameless 1" Mausoleum, 1380s, Shah-I Zinda ensemble, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 19, 2010, in the morning. The Shah-i-Zinda Complex is a necropolis of mausoleums whose legendary origin dates back to 676 when Kussam-ibn-Abbas arrived to convert the locals to Islam. So successful was he that he was assassinated whilst at prayer. His grave remains the centre of the sacred site which grew over many centuries, especially the 14th and 15th, into an architecturally stunning  example of ceramic art. This Mausoleum, created by Usto Alim Nesefi, is decorated  with relief painted majolica. The portal decorations are notable for the symbol of "octagonal stars". Samarkand, a city on the Silk Road, founded as Afrosiab in the 7th century BC, is a meeting point for the world's cultures. Its most important development was in the Timurid period, 14th to 15th centuries. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC125.jpg
  • Low angle view of tombs and in the backround, Mausoleums of the middle group, Shah-i-Zinda Complex, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 19, 2010, in the early morning. The Shah-i-Zinda Complex is a necropolis of mausoleums whose legendary origin dates back to 676 when Kussam-ibn-Abbas arrived to convert the locals to Islam. So successful was he that he was assassinated whilst at prayer. His grave remains the centre of the sacred site which grew over many centuries, especially the 14th and 15th, into an architecturally stunning  example of ceramic art. From left to right "Nameless 1" Mausoleum, 1380s, created by Usto Alim Nesefi, which is decorated  with relief painted majolica. The portal decorations are notable for the symbol of "octagonal stars"; on the right of the image is the "Nameless 2" mausoleum, 1390s. Samarkand, a city on the Silk Road, founded as Afrosiab in the 7th century BC, is a meeting point for the world's cultures. Its most important development was in the Timurid period, 14th to 15th centuries. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC124.jpg
  • General view of octagonal pavilion, Mausoleum of the middle group, 1380s, Shah-I Zindah Complex, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 19, 2010, in the early morning. The Shah-i-Zinda Complex is a necropolis of mausoleums whose legendary origin dates back to 676 when Kussam-ibn-Abbas arrived to convert the locals to Islam. So successful was he that he was assassinated whilst at prayer. His grave remains the centre of the sacred site which grew over many centuries, especially the 14th and 15th, into an architecturally stunning  example of ceramic art. Samarkand, a city on the Silk Road, founded as Afrosiab in the 7th century BC, is a meeting point for the world's cultures. Its most important development was in the Timurid period, 14th to 15th centuries. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC123.jpg
  • General view of Mausoleum of the middle group, ("Nameless 1" Mausoleum), 1380s, Shah-I Zindah ensemble, and in the distance the blue cupola of the Bibi-Khanym Madrasah and mausoleum, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 19, 2010, at dawn. The Shah-i-Zinda Complex is a necropolis of mausoleums whose legendary origin dates back to 676 when Kussam-ibn-Abbas arrived to convert the locals to Islam. So successful was he that he was assassinated whilst at prayer. His grave remains the centre of the sacred site which grew over many centuries, especially the 14th and 15th, into an architecturally stunning  exampleof ceramic art. The Mausoleum of the middle group.("Nameless 1" Mausoleum) was created by Usto Alim Nesefi, and is decorated with relief painted majolica. The portal decorations are notable for the symbol of "octagonal stars". Samarkand, a city on the Silk Road, founded as Afrosiab in the 7th century BC, is a meeting point for the world's cultures. Its most important development was in the Timurid period, 14th to 15th centuries. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC121.jpg
  • Detail of portal of Mausoleum of the middle group, ("Nameless 1" Mausoleum), 1380s, Shah-I Zindah ensemble, and in the distance the blue cupola of the Bibi-Khanym Madrasah and mausoleum, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 19, 2010, at dawn. The Shah-i-Zinda Complex is a necropolis of mausoleums whose legendary origin dates back to 676 when Kussam-ibn-Abbas arrived to convert the locals to Islam. So successful was he that he was assassinated whilst at prayer. His grave remains the centre of the sacred site which grew over many centuries, especially the 14th and 15th, into an architecturally stunning  example of ceramic art. The Mausoleum of the middle group.("Nameless 1" Mausoleum) was created by Usto Alim Nesefi, and is decorated  with relief painted majolica. The portal decorations are notable for the symbol of "octagonal stars". Samarkand, a city on the Silk Road, founded as Afrosiab in the 7th century BC, is a meeting point for the world's cultures. Its most important development was in the Timurid period, 14th to 15th centuries. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC120.jpg
  • General view of mausoleums of Shah-i-Zinda Complex, 14th-15th century, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 17, 2010, in the afternoon. The Shah-i-Zinda Complex is a necropolis of mausoleums whose legendary origin dates back to 676 when Kussam-ibn-Abbas arrived to convert the locals to Islam. So successful was he that he was assassinated whilst at prayer. His grave remains the centre of the sacred site which grew over many centuries, especially the 14th and 15th, into an architecturally stunning  example of ceramic art. Samarkand, a city on the Silk Road, founded as Afrosiab in the 7th century BC, is a meeting point for the world's cultures. Its most important development was in the Timurid period, 14th to 15th centuries. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC094.jpg
  • Detail of domes and mosaic decoration, Shah-i-Zinda Complex, 14th-15th century, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 16, 2010, in the afternoon. The Shah-i-Zinda Complex is a necropolis of mausoleums whose legendary origin dates back to 676 when Kussam-ibn-Abbas arrived to convert the locals to Islam. So successful was he that he was assassinated whilst at prayer. His grave remains the centre of the sacred site which grew over many centuries, especially the 14th and 15th, into an architecturally stunning  example of ceramic art. Samarkand, a city on the Silk Road, founded as Afrosiab in the 7th century BC, is a meeting point for the world's cultures. Its most important development was in the Timurid period, 14th to 15th centuries. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC090.jpg
  • Evening view of the town of Moulay Idriss, over rooftops with the Mausoleum of Moulay Idriss I in the foreground, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The town sits atop 2 hills on Mount Zerhoun and was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. It is an important pilgrimage site for muslims. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC198.jpg
  • View of the back of the hill of Moulay Idriss, with a river and valley in the foreground, Meknes-Tafilalet, Northern Morocco. The town sits atop 2 hills on Mount Zerhoun and was founded by Moulay Idriss I, who arrived in 789 AD and ruled until 791, bringing Islam to Morocco and founding the Idrisid Dynasty. It is an important pilgrimage site for muslims. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC205.jpg
  • General view of Shah-I Zinda Complex showing  Mausoleum of the middle group (right), octagonal pavilion, Mausoleum of the 1380s, (behind on the left), Samarkand, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 19, 2010, at dawn. The Shah-i-Zinda Complex is a necropolis of mausoleums whose legendary origin dates back to 676 when Kussam-ibn-Abbas arrived to convert the locals to Islam. So successful was he that he was assassinated whilst at prayer. His grave remains the centre of the sacred site which grew over many centuries, especially the 14th and 15th, into an architecturally stunning  example of ceramic art. Samarkand, a city on the Silk Road, founded as Afrosiab in the 7th century BC, is a meeting point for the world's cultures. Its most important development was in the Timurid period, 14th to 15th centuries. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC122.jpg
  • General view of Mausoleums of the middle group, Shah-I Zinda Complex, from right to left: Unknown mausoleum, Mausoleum of the 1380s,  Octagonal pavilion, dome of the "double dome mausoleum", Samarkand, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 19, 2010, at dawn. The Shah-i-Zinda Complex is a necropolis of mausoleums whose legendary origin dates back to 676 when Kussam-ibn-Abbas arrived to convert the locals to Islam. So successful was he that he was assassinated whilst at prayer. His grave remains the centre of the sacred site which grew over many centuries, especially the 14th and 15th, into an architecturally stunning  example of ceramic art. Samarkand, a city on the Silk Road, founded as Afrosiab in the 7th century BC, is a meeting point for the world's cultures. Its most important development was in the Timurid period, 14th to 15th centuries. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC119.jpg
  • Crowned knight with horse trampling a figure in front of a crowned woman, representing the victory of Christianity over Islam or paganism, with fleur de lys background, fresco, late 12th century, in the Templar Chapel at the Commanderie de Cressac or Commanderie du Dognon, at Le Temple, in Cressac-Saint-Genis, Charente, France. The chapel was built 1150-60 by the Templars on the Santiago de Compostela pilgrimage route and was originally part of a commandery, providing funds to support the Knights Hospitallers in the crusades in the Holy Land. The chapel is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0730.jpg
  • The Gazi Husrev-beg hanukah school of islamic mysticism (Sufism), now a museum, with an exhibition about war and peace in the Balkans in 1918, near the Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque, built 1530-32, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The complex includes a maktab and madrasa (Islamic primary and secondary schools), a bezistan and a hammam. The mosque complex was renovated after damage during the 1992 Siege of Sarajevo during the Yugoslav War. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_Sarajevo_MC090.jpg
  • The Ministry of Habous and Islamic Affairs, and Museum of Religious Heritage at the Luqash Madrasa, in the medina or old town of Tetouan in the evening, on the slopes of Jbel Dersa in the Rif Mountains of Northern Morocco. Tetouan was of particular importance in the Islamic period from the 8th century, when it served as the main point of contact between Morocco and Andalusia. After the Reconquest, the town was rebuilt by Andalusian refugees who had been expelled by the Spanish. The medina of Tetouan dates to the 16th century and was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Morocco_MC042.jpg
  • Citadel of Saladin, a medieval Islamic fortress originally built by Saladin in the 12th century and extended until the 19th century, in Cairo, Egypt. It served as government and royal palace for 7 centuries and is the largest fortification in the Middle East. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_EGYPT_MC_036.jpg
  • Prayer hall, with arches with double columns supporting the ceiling, Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1536.jpg
  • Prayer hall, with arches with double columns supporting the ceiling, Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1537.jpg
  • Prayer hall, with the wooden minbar or pulpit on the left, and arches with double columns supporting the ceiling, Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1538.jpg
  • Prayer hall, with mihrab on the back wall and minbar or pulpit beside it, and arches with double columns supporting the ceiling, Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1539.jpg
  • Mihrab, niche facing mecca, with zellige tiles and carved stucco, in the prayer hall, Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1540.jpg
  • Prayer hall, with arches with double columns supporting the ceiling, Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1541.jpg
  • Garment hanging from a carved wooden shelf around the wall of the prayer hall, Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1542.jpg
  • Carved marble capitals of the double columns supporting the ceiling of the prayer hall, Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1544.jpg
  • Carved marble capitals of the double columns supporting the ceiling of the prayer hall, Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1543.jpg
  • Zellige tiles in geometric shapes on the walls of the patio, a large courtyard with peristyle and double columns, around a marble fountain, Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. Above the zellige tiles are tiles painted with Arabic script, tiles with a ziggurat design and intricately carved stucco work. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1545.jpg
  • Zellige tiles in geometric shapes on the walls of the patio, a large courtyard with peristyle and double columns, around a marble fountain, Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. Above the zellige tiles are tiles painted with Arabic script, tiles with a ziggurat design and intricately carved stucco work. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1546.jpg
  • Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1547.jpg
  • Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1548.JPG
  • Square minaret with green and white tiles, 33m high, Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1549.jpg
  • Looking through the garden doors to the patio, a large courtyard with peristyle and double columns, around a marble fountain, Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1552.jpg
  • Engraved metal door handle on the wooden door leading to the patio garden, Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1553.jpg
  • Patio garden with zellige tiles, Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1554.jpg
  • Entrance door to the prayer hall, with zellige tiles in geometric designs, a lattice screen wooden doorway and intricately carved stucco work above, with muqarnas under the arch, Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1558.jpg
  • Prayer hall, with arches with double columns supporting the ceiling, Grande Mosquee de Paris, designed by Robert Fournez, Maurice Mantout and Charles Heubes, built in Neo-Mudejar style 1922-26 and inaugurated in 1926, as a gesture of thanks to the muslim soldiers who fought in France's colonial troops during the First World War, in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. The mosque is built from reinforced concrete, with wooden carvings and mosaics brought from Morocco. The religious spaces include the grand patio, prayer room and minaret, there is an Islamic school and library, and a cafe and hammam or Turkish baths. The mosque was renovated in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1557.jpg
  • Ramparts of the Alcazar de los Reyes Cristianos, the palace of the Catholic Kings, the section built under Alfonso XI in the 14th century in mudejar style, retaining Islamic features, in Cordoba, Andalusia, Southern Spain. The historic centre of Cordoba is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC046.jpg
  • The Kurshumli Madrasa, now a museum, at the Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque, built 1530-32, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The complex includes a maktab and madrasa (Islamic primary and secondary schools), a bezistan (vaulted marketplace)and a hammam. The mosque complex was renovated after damage during the 1992 Siege of Sarajevo during the Yugoslav War. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_Sarajevo_MC113.jpg
  • The sadrvan or fountain, used to wash before entering the mosque, with a stone basin under a carved wooden canopy, in the courtyard of the Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque, built 1530-32, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The complex includes a maktab and madrasa (Islamic primary and secondary schools), a bezistan (vaulted marketplace)and a hammam. The mosque was renovated after damage during the 1992 Siege of Sarajevo during the Yugoslav War. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_Sarajevo_MC114.jpg
  • The Mausoleum of Gazi Husrev-beg, 1480-1541, at the Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque, built 1530-32, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The complex includes a maktab and madrasa (Islamic primary and secondary schools), a bezistan (vaulted marketplace)and a hammam. The mosque was renovated after damage during the 1992 Siege of Sarajevo during the Yugoslav War. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_Sarajevo_MC110.jpg
  • The Mausoleum of Gazi Husrev-beg, 1480-1541 (left), at the Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque, built 1530-32, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The complex includes a maktab and madrasa (Islamic primary and secondary schools), a bezistan (vaulted marketplace)and a hammam. The mosque was renovated after damage during the 1992 Siege of Sarajevo during the Yugoslav War. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_Sarajevo_MC056.jpg
  • Men removing their shoes and praying in the courtyard of the Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque, built 1530-32, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The complex includes a maktab and madrasa (Islamic primary and secondary schools), a bezistan (vaulted marketplace)and a hammam. The mosque was renovated after damage during the 1992 Siege of Sarajevo during the Yugoslav War. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_Sarajevo_MC032.jpg
  • Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque, built 1530-32, and behind, the Clock Tower which keeps lunar time according to the sun and moon, helping the locals to time their call to prayer, built in the 17th century, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The mosque complex includes a maktab and madrasa (Islamic primary and secondary schools), a bezistan (vaulted marketplace)and a hammam. The mosque was renovated after damage during the 1992 Siege of Sarajevo during the Yugoslav War. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_Sarajevo_MC033.jpg
  • Prayer hall with minbar or pulpit and mihrab, in the Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque, built 1530-32, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The complex includes a maktab and madrasa (Islamic primary and secondary schools), a bezistan (vaulted marketplace)and a hammam. The mosque was renovated after damage during the 1992 Siege of Sarajevo during the Yugoslav War. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_Sarajevo_MC031.jpg
  • Decorative ceiling of the Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque, built 1530-32, with kufic Arabic script in the circular design, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The complex includes a maktab and madrasa (Islamic primary and secondary schools), a bezistan (vaulted marketplace)and a hammam. The mosque was renovated after damage during the 1992 Siege of Sarajevo during the Yugoslav War. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_Sarajevo_MC030.jpg
  • Minbar or pulpit in the prayer hall of the Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque, built 1530-32, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The complex includes a maktab and madrasa (Islamic primary and secondary schools), a bezistan (vaulted marketplace)and a hammam. The mosque was renovated after damage during the 1992 Siege of Sarajevo during the Yugoslav War. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_Sarajevo_MC028.jpg
  • Detail of the decorative ceiling of the Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque, built 1530-32, with kufic Arabic script in the circular design, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The complex includes a maktab and madrasa (Islamic primary and secondary schools), a bezistan (vaulted marketplace)and a hammam. The mosque was renovated after damage during the 1992 Siege of Sarajevo during the Yugoslav War. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_Sarajevo_MC029.jpg
  • Prayer hall with minbar or pulpit and mihrab, in the Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque, built 1530-32, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The complex includes a maktab and madrasa (Islamic primary and secondary schools), a bezistan (vaulted marketplace)and a hammam. The mosque was renovated after damage during the 1992 Siege of Sarajevo during the Yugoslav War. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_Sarajevo_MC027.jpg
  • The Mausoleum of Gazi Husrev-beg, 1480-1541, at the Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque, built 1530-32, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The complex includes a maktab and madrasa (Islamic primary and secondary schools), a bezistan (vaulted marketplace)and a hammam. The mosque was renovated after damage during the 1992 Siege of Sarajevo during the Yugoslav War. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_Sarajevo_MC026.jpg
  • The sadrvan or fountain, used to wash before entering the mosque, with a stone basin under a carved wooden canopy, in the courtyard of the Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque, built 1530-32, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The complex includes a maktab and madrasa (Islamic primary and secondary schools), a bezistan (vaulted marketplace)and a hammam. The mosque was renovated after damage during the 1992 Siege of Sarajevo during the Yugoslav War. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_Sarajevo_MC023.jpg
  • Main entrance to the Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque, built 1530-32, with arched doorway and muqarnas above, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The complex includes a maktab and madrasa (Islamic primary and secondary schools), a bezistan (vaulted marketplace)and a hammam. The mosque was renovated after damage during the 1992 Siege of Sarajevo during the Yugoslav War. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_Sarajevo_MC022.jpg
  • Panelled wooden ceiling of the canopy of the sadrvan or fountain, used to wash before entering the mosque, in the courtyard of the Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque, built 1530-32, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The complex includes a maktab and madrasa (Islamic primary and secondary schools), a bezistan (vaulted marketplace)and a hammam. The mosque was renovated after damage during the 1992 Siege of Sarajevo during the Yugoslav War. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_Sarajevo_MC024.jpg
  • Main entrance to the Gazi Husrev-beg Mosque, built 1530-32, with arched doorway and muqarnas above, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The complex includes a maktab and madrasa (Islamic primary and secondary schools), a bezistan (vaulted marketplace)and a hammam. The mosque was renovated after damage during the 1992 Siege of Sarajevo during the Yugoslav War. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_Sarajevo_MC021.jpg
  • Section of the painted decorative balcony of the Prayer hall of the Helveti Tekke or Teqe e Helvetive, a Bektashi Sufi shrine of the Helveti sect built in the 15th century and rebuilt by Ahmet Kurt Pasha in 1782, with mihrab on the far wall, in Berat, South-Central Albania, capital of the District of Berat and the County of Berat. The ceiling is decorated in the Baroque style adopted by Islamic art and 14 carat gold has been used. The tekke is composed of a square prayer hall, an external portico (with columns from Appolonia) and a room which housed the mausoleum of Ahmet Kurt Pasha and his son. On the inner walls are 8 frescoes of houses, muslim religious buildings and gardens. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Albania_MC091.jpg
  • Painted decorative ceiling of the Prayer hall of the Helveti Tekke or Teqe e Helvetive, a Bektashi Sufi shrine of the Helveti sect built in the 15th century and rebuilt by Ahmet Kurt Pasha in 1782, with mihrab on the far wall, in Berat, South-Central Albania, capital of the District of Berat and the County of Berat. The ceiling is decorated in the Baroque style adopted by Islamic art and 14 carat gold has been used. The tekke is composed of a square prayer hall, an external portico (with columns from Appolonia) and a room which housed the mausoleum of Ahmet Kurt Pasha and his son. On the inner walls are 8 frescoes of houses, muslim religious buildings and gardens. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Albania_MC092.jpg
  • Painted decorative door in the Prayer hall of the Helveti Tekke or Teqe e Helvetive, a Bektashi Sufi shrine of the Helveti sect built in the 15th century and rebuilt by Ahmet Kurt Pasha in 1782, with mihrab on the far wall, in Berat, South-Central Albania, capital of the District of Berat and the County of Berat. The ceiling is decorated in the Baroque style adopted by Islamic art and 14 carat gold has been used. The tekke is composed of a square prayer hall, an external portico (with columns from Appolonia) and a room which housed the mausoleum of Ahmet Kurt Pasha and his son. On the inner walls are 8 frescoes of houses, muslim religious buildings and gardens. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Albania_MC094.jpg
  • Minbar or pulpit, mihrab, prayer carpets and frescoes in the Et'hem Bey Mosque or Xhamia e Et'hem Beut, begun 1789 by Molla Bey and finished in 1823 by his son Haxhi Ethem Bey, great-grandson of Sulejman Pasha, Tirana, Albania. The frescoes decorating the mosque, unusual in Islamic art, depict swirling vegetal patterns. The mosque is listed as a Cultural Monument of Albania. Tirana was founded by the Ottomans in 1614 by Sulejman Bargjini and became the capital of Albania in 1920. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Albana_MC004.jpg
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