manuel cohen

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  • Tombs of Knight Mello d'Epoisses and his wife, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. These tombs are in the choir of the abbey church. Originally a mausoleum, this tomb consists of a modern base supporting the recumbent statues of a knight and his wife. The helmeted knight is wearing his military garb, with his sword and armour partly covered by the arms of Mello d'Epoisses, a powerful 14th century Burgundian family. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC261.jpg
  • Tombs of Knight Mello d'Epoisses and his wife, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. These tombs are in the choir of the abbey church. Originally a mausoleum, this tomb consists of a modern base supporting the recumbent statues of a knight and his wife. The helmeted knight is wearing his military garb, with his sword and armour partly covered by the arms of Mello d'Epoisses, a powerful 14th century Burgundian family. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC250.jpg
  • Tomb of Knight Mello d'Epoisses, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. These tombs are in the choir of the abbey church. Originally a mausoleum, this tomb consists of a modern base supporting the recumbent statues of a knight and his wife. The helmeted knight is wearing his military garb, with his sword and armour partly covered by the arms of Mello d'Epoisses, a powerful 14th century Burgundian family. Here we see the knight's head, partly damaged, wearing his helmet and protective armour. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC247.jpg
  • Tombs of Knight Mello d'Epoisses and his wife, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. These tombs are in the choir of the abbey church. Originally a mausoleum, this tomb consists of a modern base supporting the recumbent statues of a knight and his wife. The helmeted knight is wearing his military garb, with his sword and armour partly covered by the arms of Mello d'Epoisses, a powerful 14th century Burgundian family. The sculptures are partially damaged. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC235.jpg
  • Tomb of Knight Mello d'Epoisses, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. These tombs are in the choir of the abbey church. Originally a mausoleum, this tomb consists of a modern base supporting the recumbent statues of a knight and his wife. The helmeted knight is wearing his military garb, with his sword and armour partly covered by the arms of Mello d'Epoisses, a powerful 14th century Burgundian family. Here we see the knight's head, partly damaged, wearing his helmet and protective armour. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC236.jpg
  • Virgin of Mercy or Madonna of Mercy, 1942, by Sylvaine COLLIN (1902 - 1970), Eglise paroissiale St Fiacre, Touillon, Cote d'Or, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC347.jpg
  • Nave and apse of church at Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The church was built 1139-47 and was dedicated by Pope Eugene III in 1147. It is the oldest Cistercian church in France. The nave is undecorated, with large barrel vaults with pointed stone arches. The ribs curve down to solid clusters of columns forming pillars that open onto the sides aisles. At the end we see the flat-ended apse or chevet with its windows and reredos. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC278.jpg
  • Nave and apse of church at Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The church was built 1139-47 and was dedicated by Pope Eugene III in 1147. It is the oldest Cistercian church in France. The nave is undecorated, with large barrel vaults with pointed stone arches. The ribs curve down to solid clusters of columns forming pillars that open onto the sides aisles. At the end we see the flat-ended apse or chevet with its windows and reredos. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC280.jpg
  • Oven in the gatehouse or porter's lodge, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC264.jpg
  • Stained glass window, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. This window is from the flat apse or chevet at the end of the nave of the church, and is typically Cistercian in its use of simple lines. Numerical ratios often corresponding to music were applied to the designs. The central window has a repeating fleur de lys pattern. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC245.JPG
  • Boss on rib vaults in Monks' room, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. This detail shows the carved stone boss at the junction of two ribs in the vaulted ceiling of the Scriptorium or Monks' room. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC231.jpg
  • Scriptorium or Monks' hall, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The Monks' hall is 30m long with 12 ribbed vaults and was used primarily by the abbots. One section was reserved for the copyist monks, who copied and illuminated manuscripts. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC256.jpg
  • Sculpture of monk reading, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. This sculpture is from the tombstone of the wife of the Knight Mello d'Epoisses in the choir of the abbey church. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC220.jpg
  • Nave and apse of church at Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The church was built 1139-47 and was dedicated by Pope Eugene III in 1147. It is the oldest Cistercian church in France. The nave is undecorated, with large barrel vaults with pointed stone arches. The ribs curve down to solid clusters of columns forming pillars that open onto the sides aisles. At the end we see the flat-ended apse or chevet with its windows and reredos. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC281.jpg
  • Nave of church at Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The church was built 1139-47 and was dedicated by Pope Eugene III in 1147. It is the oldest Cistercian church in France. The nave is undecorated, with large barrel vaults with pointed stone arches. In the distance we see the church entrance. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC286.jpg
  • Carving from a tombstone, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. This detail shows a carving of a figure with an angel from a tomb in the choir of the abbey church, dating from the 13th to 15th centuries. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC265.jpg
  • Ceiling of dormitory, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 56m long dormitory occupies the first floor of the east wing of the cloister. The late 15th century ceiling is of curved beams of Spanish chestnut. The monks slept communally here on straw mattresses separated by low partitions. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC237.jpg
  • Romanesque cloister, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 36m cloister dates from the 12th century and the monks would have spent their free time here. The arcade is divided by pillars into small galleries. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC233.jpg
  • Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The southern transept arm is extended by a vast quadrangular area housing the Monks' Room which links the religious and domestic buildings. It is backed by formal gardens leading to the monks' medicinal and herb garden. The church can be seen on the right. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC283.jpg
  • Romanesque cloister, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 36m cloister dates from the 12th century and the monks would have spent their free time here. The arcade is divided by pillars into small galleries. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC284.jpg
  • Church portal, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The church was built 1139-47 and its entrance is flanked by pillars with carved capitals and an arch. Through the doorway here we can see the flat-ended apse with windows at the far end of the nave. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC285.jpg
  • Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The southern transept arm is extended by a vast quadrangular area housing the Monks' Room which links the religious and domestic buildings. It is backed by formal gardens leading to the monks' medicinal and herb garden. The church can be seen on the right. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC273.jpg
  • Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The southern transept arm is extended by a vast quadrangular area housing the Monks' Room which links the religious and domestic buildings. It is backed by formal gardens leading to the monks' medicinal and herb garden. The church can be seen on the right. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC272.jpg
  • Enamelled floor tiles, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. These decorative enamelled tiles are on the floor of the apse in the abbey church and date from the 13th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC275.JPG
  • Capitals in the cloister, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 36m cloister dates from the 12th century and these capitals are carved with stylised leaf designs typical of Cistercian art. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC274.jpg
  • Dormitory, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 56m long dormitory occupies the first floor of the east wing of the cloister. The late 15th century ceiling is of curved beams of Spanish chestnut. The monks slept communally here on straw mattresses separated by low partitions. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC276.jpg
  • Statue of Our Lady of Fontenay, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The statue of Fontenay's Virgin Mary is in the northen transept arm of the abbey church. It dates from the late 13th century and is an example of Burgundian statuary. Mary carries Jesus in her left arm and her right hand originally held a sceptre. Her smile is typical of statues from the Champagne region, while her stance, with her weight on one hip, and the marked folds in her clothes are more typical of the Burgundian tradition. In the distance are the stairs to the monks' dormitory. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC277.jpg
  • Side aisle of the nave of the church at Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The church was built 1139-47 and was dedicated by Pope Eugene III in 1147. It is the oldest Cistercian church in France. The nave is undecorated, with large barrel vaults with pointed stone arches. The ribs curve down to solid clusters of columns forming pillars that open onto the side aisles. On the left are steps leading to the monks' dormitory. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC279.jpg
  • Forge, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 53m water-powered forge is the oldest metallurgical factory in Europe, dating from 1220. It was recently reconstructed. The monks extracted iron ore from a nearby hill and forged iron tools to sell. The Cistercians were masters of metallurgy and invented the hydraulic hammer on this site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC282.jpg
  • Transept arms of church at Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The church was built 1139-47 and was dedicated by Pope Eugene III in 1147. It is the oldest Cistercian church in France. The nave is undecorated, with large barrel vaults with pointed stone arches. The Burgundian statue of Our Lady of Fontenay can be seen here in the northern transept arm. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC260.jpg
  • Forge, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 53m water-powered forge is the oldest metallurgical factory in Europe, dating from 1220. It was recently reconstructed. The monks extracted iron ore from a nearby hill and forged iron tools to sell. The Cistercians were masters of metallurgy and invented the hydraulic hammer on this site. This is the main room of the forge, with decorated capitals atop massive columns supporting the rib-vaulted ceiling. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC262.jpg
  • Sculpted animal, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. This stone carving of an animal, probably a sheep, is from the crossing point of two ribs, and dates from the 12th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC263.jpg
  • Waterwheel at the forge, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 53m water-powered forge is the oldest metallurgical factory in Europe, dating from 1220. It was recently reconstructed. The monks extracted iron ore from a nearby hill and forged iron tools to sell. The Cistercians were masters of metallurgy and invented the hydraulic hammer on this site, which was driven by this waterwheel. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC266.jpg
  • Forge, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 53m water-powered forge is the oldest metallurgical factory in Europe, dating from 1220. It was recently reconstructed. The monks extracted iron ore from a nearby hill and forged iron tools to sell. The Cistercians were masters of metallurgy and invented the hydraulic hammer on this site. This is the main room of the forge, with decorated capitals atop massive columns supporting the rib-vaulted ceiling. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC269.jpg
  • Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The southern transept arm is extended by a vast quadrangular area housing the Monks' Room which links the religious and domestic buildings. It is backed by formal gardens leading to the monks' medicinal and herb garden. The church can be seen in the distance. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC270.jpg
  • Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The southern transept arm is extended by a vast quadrangular area housing the Monks' Room which links the religious and domestic buildings. It is backed by formal gardens leading to the monks' medicinal and herb garden. The church can be seen on the right. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC271.jpg
  • Side aisle of the nave of the church at Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The church was built 1139-47 and was dedicated by Pope Eugene III in 1147. It is the oldest Cistercian church in France. The nave is undecorated, with large barrel vaults with pointed stone arches. The ribs curve down to solid clusters of columns forming pillars that open onto the side aisles. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC248.jpg
  • Side aisles and nave of the church at Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The church was built 1139-47 and was dedicated by Pope Eugene III in 1147. It is the oldest Cistercian church in France. The nave is undecorated, with large barrel vaults with pointed stone arches. The ribs curve down to solid clusters of columns forming pillars that open onto the side aisles. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC251.jpg
  • Statue of Our Lady of Fontenay, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The statue of Fontenay's Virgin Mary is in the northen transept arm of the abbey church. It dates from the late 13th century and is an example of Burgundian statuary. Mary carries Jesus in her left arm and her right hand originally held a sceptre. Her smile is typical of statues from the Champagne region, while her stance, with her weight on one hip, and the marked folds in her clothes are more typical of the Burgundian tradition. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC249.jpg
  • Stained glass window, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. This window is from the Chapter House and is typically Cistercian in its use of simple lines. Numerical ratios often corresponding to music were applied to the designs. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC253.jpg
  • Cloister and Chapter House, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 36m cloister dates from the 12th century and one arch leads directly to the Chapter House, a rib-vaulted open chamber where the monks gathered daily to read a chapter from St Benedict's Rule. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC254.jpg
  • Statue of Our Lady of Fontenay, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The statue of Fontenay's Virgin Mary is in the northen transept arm of the abbey church. It dates from the late 13th century and is an example of Burgundian statuary. Mary carries Jesus in her left arm and her right hand originally held a sceptre. Her smile is typical of statues from the Champagne region, while her stance, with her weight on one hip, and the marked folds in her clothes are more typical of the Burgundian tradition. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC258.jpg
  • Dormitory, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 56m long dormitory occupies the first floor of the east wing of the cloister. The late 15th century ceiling is of curved beams of Spanish chestnut. The monks slept communally here on straw mattresses separated by low partitions. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC259.jpg
  • Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The southern transept arm is extended by a vast quadrangular area housing the Monks' Room which links the religious and domestic buildings. It is backed by formal gardens with a round pond leading to the monks' medicinal and herb garden. The church can be seen on the right. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC239.jpg
  • Forge, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 53m water-powered forge is the oldest metallurgical factory in Europe, dating from 1220. It was recently reconstructed. The monks extracted iron ore from a nearby hill and forged iron tools to sell. The Cistercians were masters of metallurgy and invented the hydraulic hammer on this site.  Here we see the oven, chimney, cupola furnace, bellows, anvil and iron beating trip hammers. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC241.jpg
  • Forge, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 53m water-powered forge is the oldest metallurgical factory in Europe, dating from 1220. It was recently reconstructed. The monks extracted iron ore from a nearby hill and forged iron tools to sell. The Cistercians were masters of metallurgy and invented the hydraulic hammer on this site.  Here we see the oven, chimney, cupola furnace, bellows, anvil and iron beating trip hammers. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC240.jpg
  • Reredos in the abbey church, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. This stone carved reredos was originally the altarpiece but now sits against the wall of the apse. It dates from the 13th century and depicts scenes from the New Testament, including the crucifixion in the centre. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC246.jpg
  • Reredos in the abbey church, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. This stone carved reredos was originally the altarpiece but now sits against the wall of the apse. It dates from the 13th century and depicts scenes from the New Testament, including the crucifixion seen here. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC224.JPG
  • Reredos in the abbey church, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. This stone carved reredos was originally the altarpiece but now sits against the wall of the apse. It dates from the 13th century and depicts scenes from the New Testament, including the Nativity scene with Mary sleeping, seen here. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC226.JPG
  • Arcade of the cloister, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 36m cloister was built in the 12th century, clustered pillar arches open to arcades on each side. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC228.jpg
  • Chapter House, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. An arch leads from the cloister directly to the Chapter House, a rib-vaulted open chamber where the monks gathered daily to read a chapter from St Benedict's Rule. The vaults are supported by elegant piers of clustered columns with capitals decorated with a water leaf motif. The Chapter House has two small annexes, a sacristy and a parlour. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC229.jpg
  • Capitals in the cloister, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 36m cloister dates from the 12th century and these capitals are carved with stylised leaf designs typical of Cistercian art. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC230.JPG
  • Abbot's lodging and dovecote, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The Abbot's house was built in the 18th century and has symmetrical windows and a sober elevation. It served the commendatory abbots, those new abbots nominated by the King when Fontenay passed into the hands of the Commendatum in 1574. The dovecote with its conical roof can be seen on the left, it was used for keeping pigeons and dates from the 12th and 13th centuries and has walls more than a metre thick. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC216.jpg
  • Statue of Our Lady of Fontenay, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The statue of Fontenay's Virgin Mary is in the northen transept arm of the abbey church. It dates from the late 13th century and is an example of Burgundian statuary. Mary carries Jesus in her left arm and her right hand originally held a sceptre. Her smile is typical of statues from the Champagne region, while her stance, with her weight on one hip, and the marked folds in her clothes are more typical of the Burgundian tradition. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC219.jpg
  • Carving from a tombstone, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. This detail shows a carving of an angel and an inscription from a tomb in the choir of the abbey church, dating from the 13th to 15th centuries. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC223.jpg
  • Side aisle of the nave of the church at Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The church was built 1139-47 and was dedicated by Pope Eugene III in 1147. It is the oldest Cistercian church in France. The nave is undecorated, with large barrel vaults with pointed stone arches. The ribs curve down to solid clusters of columns forming pillars that open onto the side aisles. On the left are steps leading to the monks' dormitory. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC221.jpg
  • Monks' room, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The immense monks' room is divided into several smaller rooms including the scriptorium (below) and the dormitory (above). Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC287.jpg
  • Abbot's lodging and dovecote, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The Abbot's house was built in the 18th century and has symmetrical windows and a sober elevation. It served the commendatory abbots, those new abbots nominated by the King when Fontenay passed into the hands of the Commendatum in 1574. The dovecote with its conical roof can be seen on the left, it was used for keeping pigeons, dates from the 12th and 13th centuries and has walls more than a metre thick. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC267.jpg
  • Forge, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 53m water-powered forge is the oldest metallurgical factory in Europe, dating from 1220. It was recently reconstructed. The monks extracted iron ore from a nearby hill and forged iron tools to sell. The Cistercians were masters of metallurgy and invented the hydraulic hammer on this site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC268.jpg
  • Chapter House, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. An arch leads from the cloister directly to the Chapter House, a rib-vaulted open chamber where the monks gathered daily to read a chapter from St Benedict's Rule. The vaults are supported by elegant piers of clustered columns with capitals decorated with a water leaf motif. The Chapter House has two small annexes, a sacristy and a parlour. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC252.jpg
  • Warming room, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. Here we can see two large fireplaces where the monks could warm themselves. This warming room and the kitchen were the only heated rooms in the abbey. A door leads to the dormitory, so that some heat would reach the sleeping quarters. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC255.jpg
  • Capitals in the cloister, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 36m cloister dates from the 12th century and these capitals are carved with stylised leaf designs typical of Cistercian art. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC257.jpg
  • Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The southern transept arm is extended by a vast quadrangular area housing the Monks' Room which links the religious and domestic buildings. It is backed by formal gardens leading to the monks' medicinal and herb garden. The church can be seen on the right. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC238.jpg
  • Forge, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 53m water-powered forge is the oldest metallurgical factory in Europe, dating from 1220. It was recently reconstructed. The monks extracted iron ore from a nearby hill and forged iron tools to sell. The Cistercians were masters of metallurgy and invented the hydraulic hammer on this site.  Here we see the oven, chimney, cupola furnace, bellows, anvil and iron beating trip hammers. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC242.jpg
  • Forge, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 53m water-powered forge is the oldest metallurgical factory in Europe, dating from 1220. It was recently reconstructed. The monks extracted iron ore from a nearby hill and forged iron tools to sell. The Cistercians were masters of metallurgy and invented the hydraulic hammer on this site. This is one of the four rooms in the forge and has a Roman arch and a Gothic arch. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC243.jpg
  • Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The abbey is seen here through trees across a field of buttercups. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC244.jpg
  • Reredos in the abbey church, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. This stone carved reredos was originally the altarpiece but now sits against the wall of the apse. It dates from the 13th century and depicts scenes from the New Testament, including the Adoration of the Magi, seen here. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC225.JPG
  • Nave of church at Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The church was built 1139-47 and was dedicated by Pope Eugene III in 1147. It is the oldest Cistercian church in France. The nave is undecorated, with large barrel vaults with pointed stone arches. The ribs curve down to solid clusters of columns forming pillars that open onto the sides aisles. In the distance we see the church entrance. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC227.jpg
  • Capitals in the cloister, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 36m cloister dates from the 12th century and these capitals are carved with stylised leaf designs typical of Cistercian art. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC232.jpg
  • Cloister and Chapter House, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The 36m cloister dates from the 12th century and one arch leads directly to the Chapter House, a rib-vaulted open chamber where the monks gathered daily to read a chapter from St Benedict's Rule. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC234.jpg
  • Dovecote and church facade, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The dovecote was used for keeping pigeons, it dates from the 12th and 13th centuries and has walls more than a metre thick. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC218.jpg
  • Abbot's lodging and dovecote, Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The Abbot's house was built in the 18th century and has symmetrical windows and a sober elevation. It served the commendatory abbots, those new abbots nominated by the King when Fontenay passed into the hands of the Commendatum in 1574. The dovecote with its conical roof can be seen on the left, it was used for keeping pigeons, dates from the 12th and 13th centuries and has walls more than a metre thick. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC217.jpg
  • Side aisle of the nave of the church at Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Cote d'Or, France. This Cistercian abbey was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. The church was built 1139-47 and was dedicated by Pope Eugene III in 1147. It is the oldest Cistercian church in France. The nave is undecorated, with large barrel vaults with pointed stone arches. The ribs curve down to solid clusters of columns forming pillars that open onto the side aisles. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC222.jpg
  • Tapestry of Agnus Dei or the Lamb of God, with the instruments of the Passion, and a background of towers and keys, late 15th century, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0085.jpg
  • St Anthony tapestry, with St Anthony the hermit with his bell and book, saint protector of the Hospices, and the motto of Nicolas Rolin, Seulle and a star, coat of arms, N and G initials and a bird on a branch, late 15th century, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0086.jpg
  • Oak trunk used to store clothing, late 15th century, with coat of arms of Guigone de Salins (tower and key), originally 1 of 4 identical trunks, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0234.jpg
  • Oak trunk used to store clothing, late 15th century, with coat of arms of Guigone de Salins (tower and key), originally 1 of 4 identical trunks, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0110.jpg
  • Detail of an oak trunk used to store clothing, late 15th century, with coat of arms of Guigone de Salins (tower and key), originally 1 of 4 identical trunks, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0111.jpg
  • Votive plaque with the Virgin mourning Christ, adored by Dukes of Burgundy, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. To the left is Philippe le Bon or Philip the Good and his son Charles le Temeraire or Charles the Bold and to the right, Isabelle du Portugal or Isabella of Portugal and a dead child, and the patron saints Andrew and Elizabeth stand over them. The plaque was inspired by a bronze votive tablet given by Isabella to the Convent at the Chartreux de Bales in 1446 by Gerard Loyet. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0023.jpg
  • Philippe le Bon or Philip the Good, 1396-1467, and his son Charles le Temeraire or Charles the Bold, detail from the stained glass window, 15th century, in the Chapel, in the Salle des Povres or Room of the Poor, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0061.jpg
  • Philippe le Bon or Philip the Good, 1396-1467, and his son Charles le Temeraire or Charles the Bold, detail from the stained glass window, 15th century, in the Chapel, in the Salle des Povres or Room of the Poor, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0133.jpg
  • Engraving of the tomb of Philippe le Hardi (Philippe II, duc de Bourgogne) or Philip the Bold (Philip II, Duke of Burgundy), 1342-1404, from the antechamber on the first floor of the Chateau de Chateauneuf, or Chateauneuf-en-Auxois, a 12th and 15th century castle in Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The tomb consists of a painted alabaster effigy with lion and angels, and below, figures of pleurants or weepers among Gothic tracery. The tomb was made 1381-1410 by Jean de Marville, Claus Sluter and Claus de Werve, with polychrome and gilt decoration by Jean Malouel. It was originally placed in the Chartreuse de Champmol but is now in the Musee des Beaux-Arts de Dijon, housed in the Palace of the Dukes of Burgundy, or Palais des Ducs de Bourgogne. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0294.jpg
  • Bathing and toilet area of an apartment on the first floor of the Grand Logis or main house, 15th century, in the Chateau de Chateauneuf, or Chateauneuf-en-Auxois, a 12th and 15th century castle, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. This private lord's lodgings has limewashed walls covered with large tapestries and a glazed tiled floor, with wooden partitions dividing the space into a bedroom with toilets, a wardrobe to store clothes, and a great room with large fireplace and 2 mullioned windows. Originally built in 1132 by Jean de Chaudenay, the castle was modified from a medieval fortress to a residence from 1457 under Philippe le Bon, Duc de Bourgogne, or Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, who gave the castle to his advisor Philippe Pot. The castle sits on an outcrop overlooking the valley of the Canal de Bourgogne and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0303.jpg
  • Salle des Povres or Room of the Poor, almost 50m long, with curtained beds for patients and a painted wooden ceiling with dragons' heads and caricatures of local people, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The furniture was restored in 1875 by Maurice Ourdou. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0013.JPG
  • Wall painting with the initials N and G (Nicolas de Rolin and Guigone de Salins) and a bird on a branch, in the Chapel, in the Salle des Povres or Room of the Poor, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0017.jpg
  • Wall painting with the initials N and G (Nicolas de Rolin and Guigone de Salins), in the Chapel, in the Salle des Povres or Room of the Poor, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0018.jpg
  • Salle des Povres or Room of the Poor, almost 50m long, with curtained beds for patients and a painted wooden ceiling with dragons' heads and caricatures of local people, and the chapel behind, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The furniture was restored in 1875 by Maurice Ourdou. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0045.jpg
  • Chapel, with altar and wall paintings with the motto of Nicolas Rolin, Seulle and a star, in the Salle des Povres or Room of the Poor, almost 50m long, with a painted wooden ceiling with dragons' heads and caricatures of local people, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0047.jpg
  • Carved and painted roof bracket with head of a serious looking man wearing a headdress, architectural detail of the painted wooden ceiling in the shape of a boat's hull, in the Salle des Povres or Room of the Poor, almost 50m long, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0049.jpg
  • Carved and painted fire-breathing monstrous human head supporting a cross beam, architectural detail of the painted wooden ceiling in the shape of a boat's hull, in the Salle des Povres or Room of the Poor, almost 50m long, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0053.jpg
  • Carved and painted roof bracket with man smiling, architectural detail of the painted wooden ceiling in the shape of a boat's hull, in the Salle des Povres or Room of the Poor, almost 50m long, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0055.jpg
  • Carved and painted roof bracket with head of a smiling woman, architectural detail of the painted wooden ceiling in the shape of a boat's hull, in the Salle des Povres or Room of the Poor, almost 50m long, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0057.jpg
  • Detail of the Passion of Christ, a late 15th century sculpture of Christ with hands and feet bound, wearing the crown of thorns, sculpted from one oak trunk, in the Salle des Povres or Room of the Poor, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0060.jpg
  • Isabella of Portugal with her saint, detail from the stained glass window, 15th century, in the Chapel, in the Salle des Povres or Room of the Poor, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0062.jpg
  • Guigone de Salins, 1403-70, with her coat of arms, detail from the stained glass window, 15th century, in the Chapel, in the Salle des Povres or Room of the Poor, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0063.jpg
  • Carved and painted fire-breathing monstrous heads supporting the cross beams, architectural detail of the painted wooden ceiling in the shape of a boat's hull, in the Salle des Povres or Room of the Poor, almost 50m long, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0066.jpg
  • Passion of Christ, a late 15th century sculpture of Christ with hands and feet bound, wearing the crown of thorns, sculpted from one oak trunk, in the Salle des Povres or Room of the Poor, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0065.jpg
  • Cour des Fondateurs or Courtyard of the Founders, with statues of founders Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, 1914-23, by Henri Bouchard, at Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. To the right is an ornate rooftop with Burgundian glazed tiles in geometric patterns. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0124.jpg
  • Chancellor Rolin, 1376-1462, with his coat of arms, detail from the stained glass window, 15th century, in the Chapel, in the Salle des Povres or Room of the Poor, in Les Hospices de Beaune, or Hotel-Dieu de Beaune, a charitable almshouse and hospital for the poor, built 1443-57 by Flemish architect Jacques Wiscrer, and founded by Nicolas Rolin, chancellor of Burgundy, and his wife Guigone de Salins, in Beaune, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The hospital was run by the nuns of the order of Les Soeurs Hospitalieres de Beaune, and remained a hospital until the 1970s. The building now houses the Musee de l'Histoire de la Medecine, or Museum of the History of Medicine, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0131.jpg
  • Bedroom area of an apartment on the first floor of the Grand Logis or main house, 15th century, in the Chateau de Chateauneuf, or Chateauneuf-en-Auxois, a 12th and 15th century castle, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. This private lord's lodgings has limewashed walls covered with large tapestries and a glazed tiled floor, with wooden partitions dividing the space into a bedroom with toilets, a wardrobe to store clothes, and a great room with large fireplace and 2 mullioned windows. Originally built in 1132 by Jean de Chaudenay, the castle was modified from a medieval fortress to a residence from 1457 under Philippe le Bon, Duc de Bourgogne, or Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, who gave the castle to his advisor Philippe Pot. The castle sits on an outcrop overlooking the valley of the Canal de Bourgogne and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0302.jpg
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