manuel cohen

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  • Effigy of Yolande de Bourgogne, Countess of Nevers, 1247-80, Tournai stone sculpture on her tomb, mid 14th century, in Nevers Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Cyricus and Saint Julitta of Nevers, Nevers, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. This effigy was originally held at the Musee de la Porte de Croix, before being moved to the cathedral in 1998. The apse and transept at the West end of the church are Romanesque, while the nave and Eastern apse are 14th century Gothic. The building is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1333.jpg
  • Christ in Glory, 12th century fresco in the vault of the Romanesque choir of Nevers Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Cyricus and Saint Julitta of Nevers, Nevers, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The fresco depicts the resurrection and glory of Christ, seated in a mandorla surrounded by angels, his victory over death and the promise of eternal life. The apse and transept at the West end of the church are Romanesque, while the nave and Eastern apse are 14th century Gothic. The building is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1349.jpg
  • Entombment, late 15th century painted sculptural group with life-size figures, restored in the 19th century, placed in the crypt of the Romanesque choir in 1832, in Nevers Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Cyricus and Saint Julitta of Nevers, Nevers, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The apse and transept at the West end of the church are Romanesque, while the nave and Eastern apse are 14th century Gothic. The building is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1339.jpg
  • Christ in Glory, 12th century fresco in the vault of the Romanesque choir of Nevers Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Cyricus and Saint Julitta of Nevers, Nevers, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The fresco depicts the resurrection and glory of Christ, seated in a mandorla surrounded by angels, his victory over death and the promise of eternal life. Above is the lamb of god and a cross, with the elders of the apocalypse. The apse and transept at the West end of the church are Romanesque, while the nave and Eastern apse are 14th century Gothic. The building is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1338.jpg
  • Stained glass window of the Coronation of the Virgin by her son, Jesus Christ, detail, designed by artist Jean Michel Alberola, b. 1953, and made by master glassmaker Dominique Duchemin, in the Chapel of the Holy Sacrament in Nevers Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Cyricus and Saint Julitta of Nevers, Nevers, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The project to commission contemporary stained glass windows in the cathedral was begun 1987-88 under Dominique Bozo, and they were inaugurated on 29th April 2011. The building is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1330.jpg
  • Stained glass window designed by artist Jean Michel Alberola, b. 1953, and made by master glassmaker Dominique Duchemin, in the Romanesque South transept in Nevers Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Cyricus and Saint Julitta of Nevers, Nevers, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. Here, an orange arch displays the tau, or tav, the last letter of the Hebrew alphabet, also the symbol of the cross, and the symbolic numbers 144 and 000 - 12 is the perfect number and 1000 the number of plenitude. The project to commission contemporary stained glass windows in the cathedral was begun 1987-88 under Dominique Bozo, and they were inaugurated on 29th April 2011. The building is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1336.jpg
  • Christ in Glory, detail, 12th century fresco in the vault of the Romanesque choir of Nevers Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Cyricus and Saint Julitta of Nevers, Nevers, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The fresco depicts the resurrection and glory of Christ, seated in a mandorla surrounded by angels, his victory over death and the promise of eternal life. The apse and transept at the West end of the church are Romanesque, while the nave and Eastern apse are 14th century Gothic. The building is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1350.jpg
  • Three angels, small Romanesque fresco, in Nevers Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Cyricus and Saint Julitta of Nevers, Nevers, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The apse and transept at the West end of the church are Romanesque, while the nave and Eastern apse are 14th century Gothic. The building is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1343.jpg
  • Entombment, detail, late 15th century painted sculptural group with life-size figures, restored in the 19th century, placed in the crypt of the Romanesque choir in 1832, in Nevers Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Cyricus and Saint Julitta of Nevers, Nevers, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The apse and transept at the West end of the church are Romanesque, while the nave and Eastern apse are 14th century Gothic. The building is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1340.jpg
  • Stained glass window of the Coronation of the Virgin by her son, Jesus Christ, designed by artist Jean Michel Alberola, b. 1953, and made by master glassmaker Dominique Duchemin, in the Chapel of the Holy Sacrament in Nevers Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Cyricus and Saint Julitta of Nevers, Nevers, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The project to commission contemporary stained glass windows in the cathedral was begun 1987-88 under Dominique Bozo, and they were inaugurated on 29th April 2011. The building is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1342.jpg
  • Stained glass window designed by artist Jean Michel Alberola, b. 1953, and made by master glassmaker Dominique Duchemin, in the Romanesque South transept in Nevers Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Cyricus and Saint Julitta of Nevers, Nevers, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The window depicts an unrolled parchment, the book of the Apocalypse, with the terrestrial globe halo - this revelation concerns the whole universe and all the saved (pictured below). The hole of the meridian lets through the sun's rays, at the exact moment of the solar noon. The project to commission contemporary stained glass windows in the cathedral was begun 1987-88 under Dominique Bozo, and they were inaugurated on 29th April 2011. The building is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1351.jpg
  • Stained glass window, 1991-6, designed by artist Francois Rouan, and made by master glassmaker Benoit Marcq, in the Gothic nave of Nevers Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Cyricus and Saint Julitta of Nevers, Nevers, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The fractured shapes in this window refer to the Allied bombing of the cathedral in 1944 during the Second World War. The project to commission contemporary stained glass windows in the cathedral was begun 1987-88 under Dominique Bozo, and they were inaugurated on 29th April 2011. The building is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1348.jpg
  • Christ in Glory, 12th century fresco in the vault of the Romanesque choir of Nevers Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Cyricus and Saint Julitta of Nevers, Nevers, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The fresco depicts the resurrection and glory of Christ, seated in a mandorla surrounded by angels, his victory over death and the promise of eternal life. Above is the lamb of god and a cross, with the elders of the apocalypse, and to either side are the evangelist symbols. The apse and transept at the West end of the church are Romanesque, while the nave and Eastern apse are 14th century Gothic. The building is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1337.jpg
  • Stained glass window of the Descent from the Cross, detail of ladder and skull, designed by artist Jean Michel Alberola, b. 1953, and made by master glassmaker Dominique Duchemin, in the Chapel of Memory in Nevers Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Cyricus and Saint Julitta of Nevers, Nevers, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The cross is tau-shaped (last letter of the Hebrew alphabet, sign of redemption) and is violet, the colour of Christ's Passion. Jesus' body has been brought down and he is mourned by the Virgin, 'Mater dolorosa'. A skull in the lower right corner represents Golgotha, ​​'place of the skull'. The project to commission contemporary stained glass windows in the cathedral was begun 1987-88 under Dominique Bozo, and they were inaugurated on 29th April 2011. The building is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1331.jpg
  • Statue of St Joan of Arc, detail, in Nevers Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Cyricus and Saint Julitta of Nevers, Nevers, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The apse and transept at the West end of the church are Romanesque, while the nave and Eastern apse are 14th century Gothic. The building is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1332.jpg
  • Stained glass window of the Presentation of Jesus in the Temple, detail, designed by artist Jean Michel Alberola, b. 1953, and made by master glassmaker Dominique Duchemin, in the Chapel of Memory in Nevers Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Cyricus and Saint Julitta of Nevers, Nevers, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. Here we see the faces of the Virgin Mary and the baby Jesus on the left, and Simeon on the right. The project to commission contemporary stained glass windows in the cathedral was begun 1987-88 under Dominique Bozo, and they were inaugurated on 29th April 2011. The building is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1344.jpg
  • Stained glass windows designed by Claude Viallat, b. 1936, and made by master glassmaker Bernard d’Honneur, in the Gothic choir of Nevers Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Cyricus and Saint Julitta of Nevers, Nevers, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The design represents footsteps, indicating the path of all humans towards the heavenly Jerusalem. The project to commission contemporary stained glass windows in the cathedral was begun 1987-88 under Dominique Bozo, and they were inaugurated on 29th April 2011. The building is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1334.jpg
  • Stained glass window designed by Claude Viallat, b. 1936, and made by master glassmaker Bernard d’Honneur, in the Gothic choir of Nevers Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Cyricus and Saint Julitta of Nevers, Nevers, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The design represents footsteps, indicating the path of all humans towards the heavenly Jerusalem. The project to commission contemporary stained glass windows in the cathedral was begun 1987-88 under Dominique Bozo, and they were inaugurated on 29th April 2011. The building is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1347.jpg
  • Stained glass window of the Descent from the Cross, detail, designed by artist Jean Michel Alberola, b. 1953, and made by master glassmaker Dominique Duchemin, in the Chapel of Memory in Nevers Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Cyricus and Saint Julitta of Nevers, Nevers, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The cross is tau-shaped (last letter of the Hebrew alphabet, sign of redemption) and is violet, the colour of Christ's Passion. Jesus' body has been brought down and he is mourned by the Virgin, 'Mater dolorosa'. A skull in the lower right corner represents Golgotha, ​​'place of the skull'. The project to commission contemporary stained glass windows in the cathedral was begun 1987-88 under Dominique Bozo, and they were inaugurated on 29th April 2011. The building is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1345.jpg
  • Gothic nave looking towards the Romanesque choir with its fresco of Christ in Glory, in Nevers Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Cyricus and Saint Julitta of Nevers, Nevers, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The nave has 5 bays with Gothic arches and a cross-vaulted ceiling. The apse and transept at the West end of the church are Romanesque, while the nave and Eastern apse are 14th century Gothic. The building is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1341.jpg
  • Christ in Glory, detail, 12th century fresco in the vault of the Romanesque choir of Nevers Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Cyricus and Saint Julitta of Nevers, Nevers, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The fresco depicts the resurrection and glory of Christ, seated in a mandorla surrounded by angels, his victory over death and the promise of eternal life. The apse and transept at the West end of the church are Romanesque, while the nave and Eastern apse are 14th century Gothic. The building is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1335.jpg
  • Stained glass window of the Descent from the Cross, detail, designed by artist Jean Michel Alberola, b. 1953, and made by master glassmaker Dominique Duchemin, in the Chapel of Memory in Nevers Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Cyricus and Saint Julitta of Nevers, Nevers, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The cross is tau-shaped (last letter of the Hebrew alphabet, sign of redemption) and is violet, the colour of Christ's Passion. Jesus' body has been brought down and he is mourned by the Virgin, 'Mater dolorosa'. A skull in the lower right corner represents Golgotha, ​​'place of the skull'. The project to commission contemporary stained glass windows in the cathedral was begun 1987-88 under Dominique Bozo, and they were inaugurated on 29th April 2011. The building is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1346.jpg
  • Stamped and signed handwritten letter, dated 1860, from Joseph Francois Buquet, Director of Saltworks in Franche-Comte, in the Museum of Salt or Musee du Sel, designed by architects Malcotti-Roussey and opened May 2009, in the Great Saltworks at Salins-les-Bains, Jura, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. 15th century saltworks were replaced by industrial buildings in the 18th century, where saline water was pumped from underground wells and evaporated to form salt. Saline water was also piped from here from 1780 until 1895 through 21km of wood then cast iron pipes to the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale at Arc-et-Senans to be processed. The saltworks at Salins-les-Bains ceased production in 1962 and are now listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Copyright Grande Saline, Musee du Sel. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0957.jpg
  • Reinforced concrete frame of the roof structure of the 'berne' of the West Saltworks or Batiment des Sels Ouest, an 80m long space where water was evaporated from the brine in huge iron basins, strengthened with concrete by the architect Julien Polti, 1877-1953, in the 1930s, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The building is now used for exhibitions, shows, conventions and seminars. The saltworks site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1004.jpg
  • Doric columns with alternating cubic and cylindrical forms on the portico of the Director's House or Maison du Directeur, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. It houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0996.jpg
  • Great Saltworks at Salins-les-Bains, Jura, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. 15th century saltworks were replaced by these industrial buildings in the 18th century, where saline water was pumped from underground wells and evaporated using huge furnaces in the stove room to form salt. Saline water was also piped from here from 1780 until 1895 through 21km of wood then cast iron pipes to the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale at Arc-et-Senans to be processed. The buildings now house the Museum of Salt or Musee du Sel, opened May 2009. The saltworks at Salins-les-Bains ceased production in 1962 and are now listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0954.jpg
  • Great Saltworks at Salins-les-Bains, Jura, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. 15th century saltworks were replaced by these industrial buildings in the 18th century, where saline water was pumped from underground wells and evaporated using huge furnaces in the stove room to form salt. Saline water was also piped from here from 1780 until 1895 through 21km of wood then cast iron pipes to the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale at Arc-et-Senans to be processed. The buildings now house the Museum of Salt or Musee du Sel, opened May 2009. The saltworks at Salins-les-Bains ceased production in 1962 and are now listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0952.jpg
  • View through the Doric columns with alternating cubic and cylindrical forms on the portico of the Director's House or Maison du Directeur, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. It houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1048.jpg
  • Rear facade of the Director's House or Maison du Directeur, seen from the storehouse and stables of the Director, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 Doric columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. The building houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1023.jpg
  • Cooperage or Tonnellerie, used for barrel making, communal kitchens, wood storage and barrel makers' accommodation, now the Ledoux Museum or Musee Ledoux, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The building is viewed through the Doric columns with alternating cubic and cylindrical forms of the Director's House or Maison du Directeur. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0999.jpg
  • Batiment des Gardes, which on its rear facade has a monumental portico with Doric columns and an artificial grotto, and forms the entrance to the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. This building is now used as a ticket office and a hotel. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0982.jpg
  • Director's House or Maison du Directeur, and (left) West Saltworks or Batiment des Sels Ouest and (right) East Saltworks or Batiment des Sels Est, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 Doric columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. The building houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1034.jpg
  • Rear facade of the Director's House or Maison du Directeur, and (left) East Saltworks or Batiment des Sels Est and (right) West Saltworks or Batiment des Sels Ouest, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The Director's House has an imposing portico on the front facade with 6 Doric columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. The building houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0987.jpg
  • Storehouse and stables of the Director, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0975.jpg
  • Director's House or Maison du Directeur, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 Doric columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. The building houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0960.jpg
  • Director's House or Maison du Directeur, and (left) West Saltworks or Batiment des Sels Ouest and (right) East Saltworks or Batiment des Sels Est, where the water was evaporated from the brine in huge iron basins, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 Doric columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. The building houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1001.jpg
  • Underground tunnels, 13th century, linking 2 wells, 1 of which has a 19th century hydraulic pump which is still in working order, which pumped the saline water up from the layer of rock salt 250m below ground, in the Museum of Salt or Musee du Sel, designed by architects Malcotti-Roussey and opened May 2009, in the Great Saltworks at Salins-les-Bains, Jura, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. 15th century saltworks were replaced by industrial buildings in the 18th century, where saline water was pumped from underground wells and evaporated to form salt. Saline water was also piped from here from 1780 until 1895 through 21km of wood then cast iron pipes to the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale at Arc-et-Senans to be processed. The saltworks at Salins-les-Bains ceased production in 1962 and are now listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0941.jpg
  • Reinforced concrete frame of the roof structure of the 'berne' of the West Saltworks or Batiment des Sels Ouest, an 80m long space where water was evaporated from the brine in huge iron basins, strengthened with concrete by the architect Julien Polti, 1877-1953, in the 1930s, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The building is now used for exhibitions, shows, conventions and seminars. The saltworks site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1049.jpg
  • Doric columns with alternating cubic and cylindrical forms on the portico of the Director's House or Maison du Directeur, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. It houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1044.jpg
  • Rear facade of the Director's House or Maison du Directeur, and (left) the East Saltworks or Batiment des Sels Est, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The Director's House has an imposing portico on the front facade with 6 Doric columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. The building houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1024.jpg
  • Storehouse and stables of the Director, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0979.jpg
  • Farriery or Marechalerie (centre), containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms, and Berniers Est (left), saltworkers' accommodations, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. On the right is the corner of the Batiment des Gardes, the entrance to the Saltworks and now a ticket office and hotel. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0976.jpg
  • Plan of the 2 saltworks in Salins-les-Bains, 19th century, exhibited in the Museum of Salt or Musee du Sel, designed by architects Malcotti-Roussey and opened May 2009, in the Great Saltworks at Salins-les-Bains, Jura, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. 15th century saltworks were replaced by industrial buildings in the 18th century, where saline water was pumped from underground wells and evaporated to form salt. Saline water was also piped from here from 1780 until 1895 through 21km of wood then cast iron pipes to the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale at Arc-et-Senans to be processed. The saltworks at Salins-les-Bains ceased production in 1962 and are now listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Copyright Grande Saline, Musee du Sel. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0958.jpg
  • Salt worker in the Projection Room in the Museum of Salt or Musee du Sel, designed by architects Malcotti-Roussey and opened May 2009, in the Great Saltworks at Salins-les-Bains, Jura, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. 15th century saltworks were replaced by these industrial buildings in the 18th century, where saline water was pumped from underground wells and evaporated using huge furnaces in the stove room to form salt. Saline water was also piped from here from 1780 until 1895 through 21km of wood then cast iron pipes to the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale at Arc-et-Senans to be processed. The saltworks at Salins-les-Bains ceased production in 1962 and are now listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0936.jpg
  • Director's House or Maison du Directeur, and (left) West Saltworks or Batiment des Sels Ouest and (right) East Saltworks or Batiment des Sels Est, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 Doric columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. The building houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1050.jpg
  • Doric columns with alternating cubic and cylindrical forms on the portico of the Director's House or Maison du Directeur, in the evening, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. On the right is the Berniers Est, saltworkers' accommodation. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. It houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1035.jpg
  • Director's House or Maison du Directeur, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 Doric columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. The building houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0995.jpg
  • Sculptural detail of a salt pan spilling brine, found on several of the buildings at the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0994.jpg
  • Director's House or Maison du Directeur, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 Doric columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. The building houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0988.jpg
  • Rear facade of the Director's House or Maison du Directeur, and (left) East Saltworks or Batiment des Sels Est and (right) West Saltworks or Batiment des Sels Ouest, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The Director's House has an imposing portico on the front facade with 6 Doric columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. The building houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0978.jpg
  • Storehouse and stables of the Director (left), and corner of the Director's House or Maison du Directeur (right), part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0974.jpg
  • Exhibition of plans and models of saltworks buildings, on the first floor of the Musee Ledoux, in the Cooperage or Tonnellerie, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The saltworks site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0967.jpg
  • Director's House or Maison du Directeur, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 Doric columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. The building houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0961.jpg
  • Town of Salins-les-Bains blessed by Jesus and Saints, oil painting, 1629, by Nicolas Richard, in the Introductory Room of the Museum of Salt or Musee du Sel, designed by architects Malcotti-Roussey and opened May 2009, in the Great Saltworks at Salins-les-Bains, Jura, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The painting measures 4x2m and was originally exhibited in the former Musee Max Claudet. It is displayed in a specially made temperature controlled cabinet. It demonstrates the importance of the Great Saltworks to the town in the 17th century. 15th century saltworks were replaced by industrial buildings in the 18th century, where saline water was pumped from underground wells and evaporated to form salt. Saline water was also piped from here from 1780 until 1895 through 21km of wood then cast iron pipes to the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale at Arc-et-Senans to be processed. The saltworks at Salins-les-Bains ceased production in 1962 and are now listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0956.jpg
  • Underground tunnels, 13th century, linking 2 wells, 1 of which has a 19th century hydraulic pump which is still in working order, which pumped the saline water up from the layer of rock salt 250m below ground, in the Museum of Salt or Musee du Sel, designed by architects Malcotti-Roussey and opened May 2009, in the Great Saltworks at Salins-les-Bains, Jura, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. 15th century saltworks were replaced by industrial buildings in the 18th century, where saline water was pumped from underground wells and evaporated to form salt. Saline water was also piped from here from 1780 until 1895 through 21km of wood then cast iron pipes to the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale at Arc-et-Senans to be processed. The saltworks at Salins-les-Bains ceased production in 1962 and are now listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0943.jpg
  • Display of old wooden pipes from the dual pipeline system used from 1780 until 1895 to pipe brine to the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale at Arc-et-Senans, in the Museum of Salt or Musee du Sel, designed by architects Malcotti-Roussey and opened May 2009, in the Great Saltworks at Salins-les-Bains, Jura, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. 15th century saltworks were replaced by these industrial buildings in the 18th century, where saline water was pumped from underground wells and evaporated using huge furnaces in the stove room to form salt. The saltworks at Salins-les-Bains ceased production in 1962 and are now listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0938.jpg
  • Projection Room in the Museum of Salt or Musee du Sel, designed by architects Malcotti-Roussey and opened May 2009, in the Great Saltworks at Salins-les-Bains, Jura, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. 15th century saltworks were replaced by these industrial buildings in the 18th century, where saline water was pumped from underground wells and evaporated using huge furnaces in the stove room to form salt. Saline water was also piped from here from 1780 until 1895 through 21km of wood then cast iron pipes to the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale at Arc-et-Senans to be processed. The saltworks at Salins-les-Bains ceased production in 1962 and are now listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0935.jpg
  • Great Saltworks at Salins-les-Bains, Jura, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. 15th century saltworks were replaced by these industrial buildings in the 18th century, where saline water was pumped from underground wells and evaporated using huge furnaces in the stove room to form salt. Saline water was also piped from here from 1780 until 1895 through 21km of wood then cast iron pipes to the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale at Arc-et-Senans to be processed. The buildings now house the Museum of Salt or Musee du Sel, opened May 2009. The saltworks at Salins-les-Bains ceased production in 1962 and are now listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0814.jpg
  • Director's House or Maison du Directeur, and (left) West Saltworks or Batiment des Sels Ouest and (right) East Saltworks or Batiment des Sels Est, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 Doric columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. The building houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1042.jpg
  • Rear facade of the Director's House or Maison du Directeur, and (left) East Saltworks or Batiment des Sels Est and (right) West Saltworks or Batiment des Sels Ouest, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The Director's House has an imposing portico on the front facade with 6 Doric columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. The building houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1031.jpg
  • Farriery or Marechalerie (right), containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms, Berniers Est (centre), saltworkers' accommodations, and the Pavillon de la Gabelle (left), housing offices and accommodation for the gabelous or salt tax collectors, employed by the Ferme Generale, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1018.jpg
  • Farriery or Marechalerie, containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. On the left are the Doric columns with alternating cubic and cylindrical forms of the Director's House or Maison du Directeur. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1008.jpg
  • Bust of the architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, by Nacera Kainou, exhibited in the Director's House or Maison du Directeur, at the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The Director's House includes an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, chapel, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The saltworks site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1007.jpg
  • Rear facade of the Director's House or Maison du Directeur, and (right) West Saltworks or Batiment des Sels Ouest, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The Director's House has an imposing portico on the front facade with 6 Doric columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. The building houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0986.JPG
  • Farriery or Marechalerie (right), containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms, and Berniers Est (left), saltworkers' accommodations, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0972.jpg
  • Apothecary, with shelves of pharmacy jars, on the ground floor of the Hopital du Saint-Sepulcre, hospital of the town garrison, founded in 1431 by Jean de Montaigu, with the current building built 1683-90, in Salins-les-Bains, Jura, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. Medicines were manufactured, preserved and sold here in the pharmacy, which was built in 1698 with a legacy from Francois, the treasurer of the hospital. The walnut woodwork dates to the 17th century. Many of the jars still contain preparations and have hand-written labels. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0955.jpg
  • Hydraulic pumping system, 19th century, at a well in a 13th century underground tunnel, pumping the saline water up from the layer of rock salt 250m below ground, in the Museum of Salt or Musee du Sel, designed by architects Malcotti-Roussey and opened May 2009, in the Great Saltworks at Salins-les-Bains, Jura, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. 15th century saltworks were replaced by industrial buildings in the 18th century, where saline water was pumped from underground wells and evaporated to form salt. Saline water was also piped from here from 1780 until 1895 through 21km of wood then cast iron pipes to the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale at Arc-et-Senans to be processed. The saltworks at Salins-les-Bains ceased production in 1962 and are now listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0946.jpg
  • Underground tunnels, 13th century, linking 2 wells, 1 of which has a 19th century hydraulic pump which is still in working order, which pumped the saline water up from the layer of rock salt 250m below ground, in the Museum of Salt or Musee du Sel, designed by architects Malcotti-Roussey and opened May 2009, in the Great Saltworks at Salins-les-Bains, Jura, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. 15th century saltworks were replaced by industrial buildings in the 18th century, where saline water was pumped from underground wells and evaporated to form salt. Saline water was also piped from here from 1780 until 1895 through 21km of wood then cast iron pipes to the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale at Arc-et-Senans to be processed. The saltworks at Salins-les-Bains ceased production in 1962 and are now listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0940.jpg
  • Stove Room, where 4 huge furnaces were used to evaporate water from brine, in the Museum of Salt or Musee du Sel, designed by architects Malcotti-Roussey and opened May 2009, in the Great Saltworks at Salins-les-Bains, Jura, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. Salt workers endured terrible working conditions here, feeding the furnaces with wood and collecting salt with rakes. 15th century saltworks were replaced by these industrial buildings in the 18th century, where saline water was pumped from underground wells and evaporated to form salt. Saline water was also piped from here from 1780 until 1895 through 21km of wood then cast iron pipes to the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale at Arc-et-Senans to be processed. The saltworks at Salins-les-Bains ceased production in 1962 and are now listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0937.jpg
  • Great Saltworks at Salins-les-Bains, Jura, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. 15th century saltworks were replaced by these industrial buildings in the 18th century, where saline water was pumped from underground wells and evaporated using huge furnaces in the stove room to form salt. Saline water was also piped from here from 1780 until 1895 through 21km of wood then cast iron pipes to the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale at Arc-et-Senans to be processed. The buildings now house the Museum of Salt or Musee du Sel, designed by architects Malcotti-Roussey and opened May 2009. The saltworks at Salins-les-Bains ceased production in 1962 and are now listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0932.jpg
  • Great Saltworks at Salins-les-Bains, Jura, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. 15th century saltworks were replaced by these industrial buildings in the 18th century, where saline water was pumped from underground wells and evaporated using huge furnaces in the stove room to form salt. Saline water was also piped from here from 1780 until 1895 through 21km of wood then cast iron pipes to the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale at Arc-et-Senans to be processed. The buildings now house the Museum of Salt or Musee du Sel, designed by architects Malcotti-Roussey and opened May 2009. The saltworks at Salins-les-Bains ceased production in 1962 and are now listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0933.jpg
  • Director's House or Maison du Directeur, and (left) West Saltworks or Batiment des Sels Ouest, where the water was evaporated from the brine in huge iron basins, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 Doric columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. The building houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1026.jpg
  • Rear facade of the Director's House or Maison du Directeur (right), and the storehouse and stables of the Director (left), part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 Doric columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. The building houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1013.jpg
  • Farriery or Marechalerie (right), containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms, Berniers Est (centre), saltworkers' accommodations, and the Pavillon de la Gabelle (left), housing offices and accommodation for the gabelous or salt tax collectors, employed by the Ferme Generale, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1010.jpg
  • Display of old wooden pipes from the dual pipeline system used from 1780 until 1895 to pipe brine to the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale at Arc-et-Senans, in the Museum of Salt or Musee du Sel, designed by architects Malcotti-Roussey and opened May 2009, in the Great Saltworks at Salins-les-Bains, Jura, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. 15th century saltworks were replaced by these industrial buildings in the 18th century, where saline water was pumped from underground wells and evaporated using huge furnaces in the stove room to form salt. The saltworks at Salins-les-Bains ceased production in 1962 and are now listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0947.jpg
  • Staircase in the entrance of the Director's House or Maison du Directeur, leading to a chapel and altar, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. This staircase replaces the original one, which was destroyed by lightning in 1918. The Director's House holds an exhibition on the History of Salt. The building includes an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, chapel, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The saltworks site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1047.jpg
  • Ledoux's second plan of the Saline Royale, a semicircular design, approved by King Louis XV in 1773, engraving, exhibited at the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The saltworks site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site.  © Collection Saline Royale / Collection Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1046.jpg
  • Doric columns with alternating cubic and cylindrical forms on the portico of the Director's House or Maison du Directeur, in the evening, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. On the right is the Farriery or Marechalerie, containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. It houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1037.jpg
  • Doric columns with alternating cubic and cylindrical forms on the portico of the Director's House or Maison du Directeur, in the evening, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. On the right is the Farriery or Marechalerie, containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. It houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1036.jpg
  • Farriery or Marechalerie (left), containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms, and the Batiment des Gardes (right), the entrance building to the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. Behind the Batiment des Gardes is a monumental portico with Doric columns and an artificial grotto. The building is now a ticket office and hotel. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1030.jpg
  • Portico with Doric columns with alternating cubic and cylindrical forms, triangular pediment and oculus, on the Director's House or Maison du Directeur, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The building houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0998.jpg
  • Director's House or Maison du Directeur in the evening, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 Doric columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. The building houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0991.jpg
  • Director's House or Maison du Directeur in the evening, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 Doric columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. The building houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0990.jpg
  • Director's House or Maison du Directeur, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 Doric columns with alternating cubic and cylindrical forms, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. The building houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0981.jpg
  • Rear facade of the West Saltworks or Batiment des Sels Ouest, where the water was evaporated from the brine in huge iron basins, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0980.jpg
  • Farriery or Marechalerie (centre), containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms, and Berniers Est (left), saltworkers' accommodations, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. On the right is the corner of the Batiment des Gardes, the entrance to the Saltworks and now a ticket office and hotel. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0977.jpg
  • Great Saltworks beside the Furieuse river at Salins-les-Bains, Jura, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. 15th century saltworks were replaced by these industrial buildings in the 18th century, where saline water was pumped from underground wells and evaporated using huge furnaces in the stove room to form salt. Saline water was also piped from here from 1780 until 1895 through 21km of wood then cast iron pipes to the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale at Arc-et-Senans to be processed. The buildings now house the Museum of Salt or Musee du Sel, opened May 2009. The saltworks at Salins-les-Bains ceased production in 1962 and are now listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0953.jpg
  • Director's House or Maison du Directeur, and (left) West Saltworks or Batiment des Sels Ouest and (right) East Saltworks or Batiment des Sels Est, where the water was evaporated from the brine in huge iron basins, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 Doric columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. The building houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1027.jpg
  • West Saltworks or Batiment des Sels Ouest (left), where the water was evaporated from the brine in huge iron basins, the Pavillon des Commis (right), with a Palladian facade, housing offices and accommodation for the Saltworks' accountants and foremen, and Berniers Ouest (centre), saltworks' accommodation, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1025.jpg
  • Doric columns with alternating cubic and cylindrical forms on the portico of the Director's House or Maison du Directeur, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. On the right is the Farriery or Marechalerie, containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. It houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1020.jpg
  • Rear facade of the West Saltworks or Batiment des Sels Ouest, and (left) Director's House or Maison du Directeur, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1015.jpg
  • Batiment des Gardes (right), the entrance building to the site and now a ticket office and hotel, the Cooperage or Tonnelerie (centre), used for barrel making, communal kitchens, wood storage and barrel makers' accommodation, now the Ledoux Museum or Musee Ledoux, and the Berniers Ouest (left), saltworkers' accommodation, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1012.jpg
  • Bust of the architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, by Nacera Kainou, exhibited in the Director's House or Maison du Directeur, at the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The Director's House includes an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, chapel, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The saltworks site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1006.jpg
  • Portico with Doric columns with alternating cubic and cylindrical forms, triangular pediment and oculus, on the Director's House or Maison du Directeur, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The building houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0997.jpg
  • Batiment des Gardes, which on its rear facade has a monumental portico with Doric columns and an artificial grotto, and forms the entrance to the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. This building is now used as a ticket office and a hotel. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0985.jpg
  • Farriery or Marechalerie (right), containing 3 forges for making tools, barrel hoops and brine pans, and workers' accommodation and storage rooms, and Berniers Est (left), saltworkers' accommodations, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0963.jpg
  • Underground tunnels, 13th century, linking 2 wells, 1 of which has a 19th century hydraulic pump which is still in working order, which pumped the saline water up from the layer of rock salt 250m below ground, in the Museum of Salt or Musee du Sel, designed by architects Malcotti-Roussey and opened May 2009, in the Great Saltworks at Salins-les-Bains, Jura, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. 15th century saltworks were replaced by industrial buildings in the 18th century, where saline water was pumped from underground wells and evaporated to form salt. Saline water was also piped from here from 1780 until 1895 through 21km of wood then cast iron pipes to the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale at Arc-et-Senans to be processed. The saltworks at Salins-les-Bains ceased production in 1962 and are now listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0942.jpg
  • Artificial grotto on the rear facade of the Batiment des Gardes, within a monumental portico with Doric columns, forming the entrance to the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. This building is now used as a ticket office and a hotel. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1051.jpg
  • Director's House or Maison du Directeur, part of the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The Director's House has an imposing portico with 6 Doric columns, a triangular pediment with oculus and a belvedere. The building houses an assembly room, offices, bank, apartments, servants quarters and a basement for storage. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1043.jpg
  • Sculptural detail of a salt pan spilling brine, found on several of the buildings at the Royal Saltworks or Saline Royale, begun 1775 in Neoclassical style by architect Claude Nicolas Ledoux, 1736-1806, at Arc-et-Senans, Doubs, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. The site is designed in a semicircle, with the Director's House, 2 saltworks containing drying ovens, heating pots and salt stores, workers' accommodation and Director's stables. An Ideal City was also planned but never built. The site is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1040.jpg
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