manuel cohen

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  • Effigy of Yolande de Bourgogne, Countess of Nevers, 1247-80, Tournai stone sculpture on her tomb, mid 14th century, in Nevers Cathedral, or Cathedral of Saint Cyricus and Saint Julitta of Nevers, Nevers, Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, France. This effigy was originally held at the Musee de la Porte de Croix, before being moved to the cathedral in 1998. The apse and transept at the West end of the church are Romanesque, while the nave and Eastern apse are 14th century Gothic. The building is listed as a national monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1333.jpg
  • Pile of amphoras found dumped in a pit, 1st century BC from the Parc aux Chevaux or Horse Park area, in the Musee de la Civilisation Celtique, or Museum of Celtic Civilisation, designed by Pierre-Louis Faloci, opened 1996, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The museum explores the discovery and excavation of the site of Bibracte, its context within the Celtic period, and the life of the Aedui at Bibracte. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0379.JPG
  • Celtic belt buckle with figurative representation, in engraved copper alloy with a lost wax, found at Holzelsau in Tyrol, 4th century BC, in the Musee de la Civilisation Celtique, or Museum of Celtic Civilisation, designed by Pierre-Louis Faloci, opened 1996, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The museum explores the discovery and excavation of the site of Bibracte, its context within the Celtic period, and the life of the Aedui at Bibracte. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0377.JPG
  • Geometric floor mosaic, late 1st century BC, from the Parc aux Chevaux or Horse Park area, excavated 2014, in the dining room of domus PC1, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The mosaic was originally 13x4m between the triclinia of the room. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0376.jpg
  • Archaeological excavations in the Quartier de la Pature du Couvent, or Pasture of the Monastery area, digging through sediment layers of the 1st century BC, a period of upheaval, destruction and rebuilding, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. Before the Roman conquest of Gaul under Julius Caesar in 52 BC, the Celtic city of Bibracte had over 30,000 inhabitants. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0396.jpg
  • Vercingetorix Monument, sculpted by Aime Millet, 1819-91, and designed by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc, erected in 1865 on the Western point of the oppidum of Alesia, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. The monument was commissioned by Emperor Napoleon III, celebrating Vercingetorix as a symbol of Gallic nationalism. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. The monument is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0314.jpg
  • Kantharos or wine cup, from Alesia, 1st century BC, partially gilded silver, from the collection of the Musee d’Archeologie Nationale Domaine de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, gift of Napoleon III in 1867, in the Centre d'Interpretation, a visitor centre designed by Bernard Tschumi, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0302.jpg
  • Wall of the Gallo-Roman theatre, excavated in 1839, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0292.jpg
  • Hypocaust hot air floor heating system, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0280.jpg
  • Vercingetorix Monument, sculpted by Aime Millet, 1819-91, and designed by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc, erected in 1865 on the Western point of the oppidum of Alesia, aerial view, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. The monument was commissioned by Emperor Napoleon III, celebrating Vercingetorix as a symbol of Gallic nationalism. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. The monument is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0346.JPG
  • Gallo-Roman fortifications reconstructed by Michel Desvigne, including 100m of barriers preceded by open ground, watchtowers, defensive towers, ditches, embankments, ramparts, siege weapons, palisades and spiked traps, aerial view, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0335.jpg
  • Staircase leading to first floor exhibition rooms, in the Centre d'Interpretation, a visitor centre designed by Bernard Tschumi, cylindrical in form with wooden herringbone slats on the facade, on the site of the Roman army position during the Battle of Alesia, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0382.jpg
  • Centre d'Interpretation, a visitor centre designed by Bernard Tschumi, cylindrical in form with wooden herringbone slats on the facade, on the site of the Roman army position during the Battle of Alesia, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0380.jpg
  • Archaeological excavations in the monumental basilica complex, built late 1st century BC, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The column bases spanned 4 by 8 columns supporting the central roof of a large room with porticoes and courtyards, suggesting a forum. Before the Roman conquest of Gaul under Julius Caesar in 52 BC, the Celtic city of Bibracte had over 30,000 inhabitants. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0369.jpg
  • Sculpted stone head, the only figurative sculpture from Bibracte, simplistic in its approach, in the Musee de la Civilisation Celtique, or Museum of Celtic Civilisation, designed by Pierre-Louis Faloci, opened 1996, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The museum explores the discovery and excavation of the site of Bibracte, its context within the Celtic period, and the life of the Aedui at Bibracte. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0361.JPG
  • Displays on the ground floor of the Musee de la Civilisation Celtique, or Museum of Celtic Civilisation, designed by Pierre-Louis Faloci, opened 1996, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The museum explores the discovery and excavation of the site of Bibracte, its context within the Celtic period, and the life of the Aedui at Bibracte. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0358.jpg
  • Displays on life in an oppidum and the Iron Age, on the first floor of the Musee de la Civilisation Celtique, or Museum of Celtic Civilisation, designed by Pierre-Louis Faloci, opened 1996, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The museum explores the discovery and excavation of the site of Bibracte, its context within the Celtic period, and the life of the Aedui at Bibracte. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0356.jpg
  • Monumental fountain in pink granite, oriented to the rising sun during the Winter Solstice and to the setting sun during the Summer Solstice, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The fountain has been partially restored, and was originally waterproofed with a coating of red clay. Before the Roman conquest of Gaul under Julius Caesar in 52 BC, the Celtic city of Bibracte had over 30,000 inhabitants. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0394.jpg
  • Displays on the Battle of Alesia, in the Centre d'Interpretation, a visitor centre designed by Bernard Tschumi, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0300.JPG
  • Vercingetorix Monument, sculpted by Aime Millet, 1819-91, and designed by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc, erected in 1865 on the Western point of the oppidum of Alesia, aerial view, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. The monument was commissioned by Emperor Napoleon III, celebrating Vercingetorix as a symbol of Gallic nationalism. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. The monument is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0339.jpg
  • Vercingetorix Monument, sculpted by Aime Millet, 1819-91, and designed by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc, erected in 1865 on the Western point of the oppidum of Alesia, aerial view, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. The monument was commissioned by Emperor Napoleon III, celebrating Vercingetorix as a symbol of Gallic nationalism. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. The monument is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0337.JPG
  • Centre d'Interpretation, a visitor centre designed by Bernard Tschumi, cylindrical in form with wooden herringbone slats on the facade, on the site of the Roman army position during the Battle of Alesia, aerial view, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0333.jpg
  • Gallo-Roman fortifications reconstructed by Michel Desvigne, including 100m of barriers preceded by open ground, watchtowers, defensive towers, ditches, embankments, ramparts, siege weapons, palisades and spiked traps, aerial view, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0332.jpg
  • Gallo-Roman settlement at the MuseoParc Alesia, aerial view, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0322.JPG
  • First floor exhibits at the Musee de la Civilisation Celtique, or Museum of Celtic Civilisation, designed by Pierre-Louis Faloci, opened 1996, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The museum explores the discovery and excavation of the site of Bibracte, its context within the Celtic period, and the life of the Aedui at Bibracte. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0378.jpg
  • Geometric floor mosaic, late 1st century BC, from the Parc aux Chevaux or Horse Park area, excavated 2014, in the dining room of domus PC1, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The mosaic was originally 13x4m between the triclinia of the room. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0375.jpg
  • Head of Msecke Zehrovice, copy, a Celtic Iron Age sculpted portrait head in limestone, 3rd - 2nd century BC, found in 1943 at Msecke Zehrovice, Central Bohemia, Czech Republic (original in the Prague National Museum), in the Musee de la Civilisation Celtique, or Museum of Celtic Civilisation, designed by Pierre-Louis Faloci, opened 1996, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The museum explores the discovery and excavation of the site of Bibracte, its context within the Celtic period, and the life of the Aedui at Bibracte. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0374.JPG
  • Head of Msecke Zehrovice, copy, a Celtic Iron Age sculpted portrait head in limestone, 3rd - 2nd century BC, found in 1943 at Msecke Zehrovice, Central Bohemia, Czech Republic (original in the Prague National Museum), in the Musee de la Civilisation Celtique, or Museum of Celtic Civilisation, designed by Pierre-Louis Faloci, opened 1996, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The museum explores the discovery and excavation of the site of Bibracte, its context within the Celtic period, and the life of the Aedui at Bibracte. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0372.jpg
  • Model of the main gate into Bibracte, which excavations have proved to have side posts and towers framing the gate, in the Musee de la Civilisation Celtique, or Museum of Celtic Civilisation, designed by Pierre-Louis Faloci, opened 1996, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The gate and rampart were destroyed by fire at the time of an exodus of people from the oppidum in 58 BC. The museum explores the discovery and excavation of the site of Bibracte, its context within the Celtic period, and the life of the Aedui at Bibracte. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0371.jpg
  • Reconstruction of a Gaulish cellar, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The original cellar was destroyed by fire in 20 BC and archaeologists removed sediments and found imprints of the wooden frame to reveal the construction of the room. The underground cellars were used to house cereals and wine imported from Southern countries. The houses above lined the main avenue of Bibracte and had galleried facades and wood shingle roofs. Before the Roman conquest of Gaul under Julius Caesar in 52 BC, the Celtic city of Bibracte had over 30,000 inhabitants. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0368.jpg
  • Archaeological excavations in the Quartier de la Pature du Couvent, or Pasture of the Monastery area, digging through sediment layers of the 1st century BC, a period of upheaval, destruction and rebuilding, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. Before the Roman conquest of Gaul under Julius Caesar in 52 BC, the Celtic city of Bibracte had over 30,000 inhabitants. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0366.jpg
  • La Porte du Rebout, main entrance to the walled city, with a high stone wall and deep ditch, reconstruction, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. This 19m wide entrance is in the internal 5.2km long rampart, built in the 1st century BC in the Murus Gallicus style, reconstructed by archaeologists using cut stone and timbers. An older 7km long wall built 2nd century BC is protected in the forest. Before the Roman conquest of Gaul under Julius Caesar in 52 BC, the Celtic city of Bibracte had over 30,000 inhabitants. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0364.jpg
  • Photograph of a La Tene Iron Age culture bridge being excavated in Marin-Epagnier, Neuchatel, Switzerland, in the early 20th century, exposing wooden piles in parallel rows of planted posts, in the Musee de la Civilisation Celtique, or Museum of Celtic Civilisation, designed by Pierre-Louis Faloci, opened 1996, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The museum explores the discovery and excavation of the site of Bibracte, its context within the Celtic period, and the life of the Aedui at Bibracte. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0360.jpg
  • Displays on the ground floor of the Musee de la Civilisation Celtique, or Museum of Celtic Civilisation, designed by Pierre-Louis Faloci, opened 1996, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The museum explores the discovery and excavation of the site of Bibracte, its context within the Celtic period, and the life of the Aedui at Bibracte. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0357.jpg
  • Displays on life in an oppidum and the Iron Age, on the first floor of the Musee de la Civilisation Celtique, or Museum of Celtic Civilisation, designed by Pierre-Louis Faloci, opened 1996, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The museum explores the discovery and excavation of the site of Bibracte, its context within the Celtic period, and the life of the Aedui at Bibracte. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0355.jpg
  • Displays on life in an oppidum and the Iron Age, on the first floor of the Musee de la Civilisation Celtique, or Museum of Celtic Civilisation, designed by Pierre-Louis Faloci, opened 1996, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The museum explores the discovery and excavation of the site of Bibracte, its context within the Celtic period, and the life of the Aedui at Bibracte. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0354.jpg
  • Displays on life in an oppidum and the Iron Age, on the first floor of the Musee de la Civilisation Celtique, or Museum of Celtic Civilisation, designed by Pierre-Louis Faloci, opened 1996, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The museum explores the discovery and excavation of the site of Bibracte, its context within the Celtic period, and the life of the Aedui at Bibracte. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0353.jpg
  • Hotel des Gaules, a cottage built by Bulliot in 1870, as lodging for the archaeologists, in the garden of Domus PC1, an aristocratic Roman house in the Parc aux Chevaux or Horse Park area (where horses were grazed during the Beuvray fairs), excavated in 1868 and 1988 by Jacques Gabriel Builliot and Joseph Dechelette, aerial view, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. Before the Roman conquest of Gaul under Julius Caesar in 52 BC, the Celtic city of Bibracte had over 30,000 inhabitants. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0392.jpg
  • Domus PC1, an aristocratic Roman house in the Parc aux Chevaux or Horse Park area (where horses were grazed during the Beuvray fairs), excavated in 1868 and 1988 by Jacques Gabriel Builliot and Joseph Dechelette, aerial view, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. In the garden is the Hotel des Gaules, a cottage built by Bulliot in 1870, as lodging for the archaeologists. Before the Roman conquest of Gaul under Julius Caesar in 52 BC, the Celtic city of Bibracte had over 30,000 inhabitants. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0391.jpg
  • Forest, aerial view, next to the La Porte du Rebout, main entrance to the walled city, with a high stone wall and deep ditch, reconstruction, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. A 7km long defensive wall built 2nd century BC is protected in the forest. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0390.jpg
  • Vercingetorix Monument, sculpted by Aime Millet, 1819-91, and designed by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc, erected in 1865 on the Western point of the oppidum of Alesia, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. The monument was commissioned by Emperor Napoleon III, celebrating Vercingetorix as a symbol of Gallic nationalism. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. The monument is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0317.jpg
  • Vercingetorix Monument, sculpted by Aime Millet, 1819-91, and designed by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc, erected in 1865 on the Western point of the oppidum of Alesia, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. The monument was commissioned by Emperor Napoleon III, celebrating Vercingetorix as a symbol of Gallic nationalism. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. The monument is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0312.jpg
  • Gallic inscription in latin characters, 'Martialis, son of Dannotalos, offered Ucuetis this building and that with blacksmiths who honor Ucuetis in Alesia', discovered in 1839 near the forum, in the collection of the Musee Municipal d’Alise, displayed in the Centre d'Interpretation, a visitor centre designed by Bernard Tschumi, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0310.jpg
  • Statue of Vercingetorix, Gallic chieftain, plaster, 1864, by Aime Millet, 1819-91, model for the huge statue erected in 1865 on the Western point of the oppidum of Alesia,  in the Centre d'Interpretation, a visitor centre designed by Bernard Tschumi, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0303.jpg
  • Diorama in the permanent exhibition rooms in the Centre d'Interpretation, a visitor centre designed by Bernard Tschumi, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0297.jpg
  • Gallo-Roman fortifications reconstructed by Michel Desvigne, including 100m of barriers preceded by open ground, watchtowers, defensive towers, ditches, embankments, ramparts, siege weapons, palisades and spiked traps, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0294.jpg
  • Gallo-Roman fortifications reconstructed by Michel Desvigne, including 100m of barriers preceded by open ground, watchtowers, defensive towers, ditches, embankments, ramparts, siege weapons, palisades and spiked traps, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0293.jpg
  • District of Gallo-Roman houses and craft workshops, with a street with covered porticos with gutters along its length, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0290.JPG
  • District of Gallo-Roman houses and craft workshops, with a street with covered porticos with gutters along its length, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0285.jpg
  • Monument to Ucuetis, a Celtic god, excavated in 1908 by Victor Pernet, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. This large building is mainly ruined although there is a well preserved underground chamber. Ucuetis is thought to be the god of craftsmen and the large size of the monument reflects the importance of metalwork and other crafts at Alesia. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0283.jpg
  • Monument to Ucuetis, a Celtic god, excavated in 1908 by Victor Pernet, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. This large building is mainly ruined although there is a well preserved underground chamber. Ucuetis is thought to be the god of craftsmen and the large size of the monument reflects the importance of metalwork and other crafts at Alesia. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0281.jpg
  • Remains of houses surrounding the Gallo-Roman forum, a large public square, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0277.jpg
  • Civic basilica, with 3 apses, a huge richly decorated Gallo-Roman administrative building housing the Curia or municipal council, the court and meeting rooms, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0276.JPG
  • Civic basilica, with 3 apses, a huge richly decorated Gallo-Roman administrative building housing the Curia or municipal council, the court and meeting rooms, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0275.jpg
  • Civic basilica, with 3 apses, a huge richly decorated Gallo-Roman administrative building housing the Curia or municipal council, the court and meeting rooms, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0274.jpg
  • Theatre, Cave aux trois epoques, portico, civic basilica and forum (left-right), aerial view, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0352.jpg
  • Centre d'Interpretation, a visitor centre designed by Bernard Tschumi, cylindrical in form with wooden herringbone slats on the facade, on the site of the Roman army position during the Battle of Alesia, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0350.jpg
  • Forum and district of Gallo-Roman houses and craft workshops, with a street originally covered with porticos with gutters along its length, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0349.jpg
  • Vercingetorix Monument, sculpted by Aime Millet, 1819-91, and designed by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc, erected in 1865 on the Western point of the oppidum of Alesia, aerial view, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. The monument was commissioned by Emperor Napoleon III, celebrating Vercingetorix as a symbol of Gallic nationalism. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. The monument is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0341.jpg
  • Gallo-Roman fortifications reconstructed by Michel Desvigne, including 100m of barriers preceded by open ground, watchtowers, defensive towers, ditches, embankments, ramparts, siege weapons, palisades and spiked traps, aerial view, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0328.JPG
  • Theatre, aerial view, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0325.jpg
  • Theatre, aerial view, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0324.jpg
  • Theatre, aerial view, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0323.jpg
  • Gallo-Roman settlement at the MuseoParc Alesia, aerial view, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0320.jpg
  • Gallo-Roman settlement at the MuseoParc Alesia, aerial view, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0319.JPG
  • Gallo-Roman settlement at the MuseoParc Alesia, aerial view, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0318.JPG
  • Wine amphora from Roman Italy, dressed I type, 1st century BC from the Pature du Couvent or Pasture of the Monastery area (on wall) and pile of amphoras found dumped in a pit, 1st century BC from the Parc aux Chevaux or Horse Park area, in the Musee de la Civilisation Celtique, or Museum of Celtic Civilisation, designed by Pierre-Louis Faloci, opened 1996, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The museum explores the discovery and excavation of the site of Bibracte, its context within the Celtic period, and the life of the Aedui at Bibracte. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0387.jpg
  • Excavation of a bronze fibula workshop, late 1st century BC, found on top of an older iron fibula workshop, presumably belonging to the same family of artisans, in the Musee de la Civilisation Celtique, or Museum of Celtic Civilisation, designed by Pierre-Louis Faloci, opened 1996, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The museum explores the discovery and excavation of the site of Bibracte, its context within the Celtic period, and the life of the Aedui at Bibracte. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0386.jpg
  • Staircase leading to first floor exhibition rooms, in the Centre d'Interpretation, a visitor centre designed by Bernard Tschumi, cylindrical in form with wooden herringbone slats on the facade, on the site of the Roman army position during the Battle of Alesia, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0385.jpg
  • Entrance to the Centre d'Interpretation, a visitor centre designed by Bernard Tschumi, cylindrical in form with wooden herringbone slats on the facade, on the site of the Roman army position during the Battle of Alesia, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0381.jpg
  • Head of Msecke Zehrovice, copy, a Celtic Iron Age sculpted portrait head in limestone, 3rd - 2nd century BC, found in 1943 at Msecke Zehrovice, Central Bohemia, Czech Republic (original in the Prague National Museum), in the Musee de la Civilisation Celtique, or Museum of Celtic Civilisation, designed by Pierre-Louis Faloci, opened 1996, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The museum explores the discovery and excavation of the site of Bibracte, its context within the Celtic period, and the life of the Aedui at Bibracte. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0373.JPG
  • Column base in the archaeological excavations in the monumental basilica complex, built late 1st century BC, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The column bases spanned 4 by 8 columns supporting the central roof of a large room with porticoes and courtyards, suggesting a forum. Before the Roman conquest of Gaul under Julius Caesar in 52 BC, the Celtic city of Bibracte had over 30,000 inhabitants. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0370.JPG
  • Monumental fountain in pink granite, oriented to the rising sun during the Winter Solstice and to the setting sun during the Summer Solstice, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The fountain has been partially restored, and was originally waterproofed with a coating of red clay. Before the Roman conquest of Gaul under Julius Caesar in 52 BC, the Celtic city of Bibracte had over 30,000 inhabitants. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0365.JPG
  • Displays on life in an oppidum and the Iron Age, on the first floor of the Musee de la Civilisation Celtique, or Museum of Celtic Civilisation, designed by Pierre-Louis Faloci, opened 1996, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The museum explores the discovery and excavation of the site of Bibracte, its context within the Celtic period, and the life of the Aedui at Bibracte. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0362.jpg
  • Pottery display, in the section on life in an oppidum and the Iron Age, on the first floor of the Musee de la Civilisation Celtique, or Museum of Celtic Civilisation, designed by Pierre-Louis Faloci, opened 1996, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. Discarded pottery teaches archaeologists about what and how people ate, and the changing tastes and availability of foods. The museum explores the discovery and excavation of the site of Bibracte, its context within the Celtic period, and the life of the Aedui at Bibracte. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0359.jpg
  • Monumental fountain in pink granite, oriented to the rising sun during the Winter Solstice and to the setting sun during the Summer Solstice, in the shape of a boat, aerial view, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The fountain has been partially restored, and was originally waterproofed with a coating of red clay. Before the Roman conquest of Gaul under Julius Caesar in 52 BC, the Celtic city of Bibracte had over 30,000 inhabitants. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0395.jpg
  • La Porte du Rebout, main entrance to the walled city, with a high stone wall and deep ditch, reconstruction, aerial view, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. This 19m wide entrance is in the internal 5.2km long rampart, built in the 1st century BC in the Murus Gallicus style, reconstructed by archaeologists using cut stone and timbers. An older 7km long wall built 2nd century BC is protected in the forest. Before the Roman conquest of Gaul under Julius Caesar in 52 BC, the Celtic city of Bibracte had over 30,000 inhabitants. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0393.jpg
  • Vercingetorix Monument, sculpted by Aime Millet, 1819-91, and designed by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc, erected in 1865 on the Western point of the oppidum of Alesia, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. The monument was commissioned by Emperor Napoleon III, celebrating Vercingetorix as a symbol of Gallic nationalism. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. The monument is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0315.jpg
  • Vercingetorix Monument, sculpted by Aime Millet, 1819-91, and designed by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc, erected in 1865 on the Western point of the oppidum of Alesia, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. The monument was commissioned by Emperor Napoleon III, celebrating Vercingetorix as a symbol of Gallic nationalism. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. The monument is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0313.jpg
  • Vercingetorix Monument, sculpted by Aime Millet, 1819-91, and designed by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc, erected in 1865 on the Western point of the oppidum of Alesia, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. The monument was commissioned by Emperor Napoleon III, celebrating Vercingetorix as a symbol of Gallic nationalism. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. The monument is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0311.jpg
  • Onager or stone-thrower, a Roman torsion powered siege engine or catapult, in the Centre d'Interpretation, a visitor centre designed by Bernard Tschumi, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. The onager applies the principle of distortion with a lever arm lowered by force and rising abruptly, launching balls of different calibres cut on the spot. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0308.jpg
  • Galerie des Combats, detail, sculpture with Romans in red and Gauls in blue, at the entrance to the permanent exhibition space in the Centre d'Interpretation, a visitor centre designed by Bernard Tschumi, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0307.jpg
  • Galerie des Combats, sculpture with Romans in red and Gauls in blue, at the entrance to the permanent exhibition space in the Centre d'Interpretation, a visitor centre designed by Bernard Tschumi, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0304.jpg
  • Centre d'Interpretation, a visitor centre designed by Bernard Tschumi, cylindrical in form with wooden herringbone slats on the facade, on the site of the Roman army position during the Battle of Alesia, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0295.JPG
  • Wall of the Gallo-Roman theatre, excavated in 1839, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0291.jpg
  • District of Gallo-Roman houses and craft workshops, with a street with covered porticos with gutters along its length, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0288.jpg
  • District of Gallo-Roman houses and craft workshops, with a street with covered porticos with gutters along its length, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0287.jpg
  • District of Gallo-Roman houses and craft workshops, with a street with covered porticos with gutters along its length, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0286.jpg
  • Stone column and capital from the monument to Ucuetis, a Celtic god, excavated in 1908 by Victor Pernet, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. This large building is mainly ruined although there is a well preserved underground chamber. Ucuetis is thought to be the god of craftsmen and the large size of the monument reflects the importance of metalwork and other crafts at Alesia. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0284.jpg
  • Column bases of the Gallo-Roman forum, a large public square, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0279.jpg
  • Gallo-Roman forum, a large public square, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0278.jpg
  • Vercingetorix Monument, sculpted by Aime Millet, 1819-91, and designed by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc, erected in 1865 on the Western point of the oppidum of Alesia, aerial view, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. The monument was commissioned by Emperor Napoleon III, celebrating Vercingetorix as a symbol of Gallic nationalism. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. The monument is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0336.jpg
  • Gallo-Roman fortifications reconstructed by Michel Desvigne, including 100m of barriers preceded by open ground, watchtowers, defensive towers, ditches, embankments, ramparts, siege weapons, palisades and spiked traps, aerial view, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0331.jpg
  • Gallo-Roman fortifications reconstructed by Michel Desvigne, including 100m of barriers preceded by open ground, watchtowers, defensive towers, ditches, embankments, ramparts, siege weapons, palisades and spiked traps, aerial view, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0330.jpg
  • Centre d'Interpretation, a visitor centre designed by Bernard Tschumi, cylindrical in form with wooden herringbone slats on the facade, on the site of the Roman army position during the Battle of Alesia, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0327.JPG
  • District of Gallo-Roman houses and craft workshops, with a street originally covered with porticos with gutters along its length, aerial view, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0321.jpg
  • Galerie des Combats, sculpture with Romans in red and Gauls in blue, at the entrance to the permanent exhibition space in the Centre d'Interpretation, a visitor centre designed by Bernard Tschumi, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0384.jpg
  • Celtic silver monetary coins issued by the Aedui, with profile head of Dumnorix on the front and on the reverse, a Gallic soldier from the time of the Gallic Wars wearing a long sword and a sign in the shape of a wild boar, holding trophies, a war trumpet and a severed head, in the Musee de la Civilisation Celtique, or Museum of Celtic Civilisation, designed by Pierre-Louis Faloci, opened 1996, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. The museum explores the discovery and excavation of the site of Bibracte, its context within the Celtic period, and the life of the Aedui at Bibracte. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0363.JPG
  • La Porte du Rebout, main entrance to the walled city, with a high stone wall and deep ditch, reconstruction, aerial view, at Bibracte, a Gaulish oppidum or fortified city, once the capital of the Aedui, at Mont Beuvray near Autun in Burgundy, France. This 19m wide entrance is in the internal 5.2km long rampart, built in the 1st century BC in the Murus Gallicus style, reconstructed by archaeologists using cut stone and timbers. An older 7km long wall built 2nd century BC is protected in the forest. Before the Roman conquest of Gaul under Julius Caesar in 52 BC, the Celtic city of Bibracte had over 30,000 inhabitants. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC19_FRANCE_MC_0388.jpg
  • Vercingetorix Monument, sculpted by Aime Millet, 1819-91, and designed by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc, erected in 1865 on the Western point of the oppidum of Alesia, at the MuseoParc Alesia, on Mont-Auxois near Alise-Sainte-Reine, Burgundy, France. The monument was commissioned by Emperor Napoleon III, celebrating Vercingetorix as a symbol of Gallic nationalism. Alesia was originally a Celtic settlement which became a Gallo-Roman town after being conquered by Julius Caesar during the Gallic Wars. Alesia is the site of the Battle of Alesia, 52 BC, when the Romans under Julius Caesar defeated the Gauls under Vercingetorix. The monument is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_FRANCE_MC_0316.jpg
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