manuel cohen

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  • Library of Celsus, built 110-135 AD under Consul Julius Celsus Polemaenus, governor of the province of Asia, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. Celsus paid for the construction with his own personal wealth, and is buried in a sarcophagus beneath it. The library held nearly 12,000 scrolls in cupboards in niches in the double walls, which protected the documents from temperature and humidity. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC406.jpg
  • Library of Celsus, built 110-135 AD under Consul Julius Celsus Polemaenus, governor of the province of Asia, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. Celsus paid for the construction with his own personal wealth, and is buried in a sarcophagus beneath it. The library held nearly 12,000 scrolls in cupboards in niches in the double walls, which protected the documents from temperature and humidity. The statues in the niches are copies of the originals. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC382.jpg
  • Library of Celsus, built 110-135 AD under Consul Julius Celsus Polemaenus, governor of the province of Asia, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. Celsus paid for the construction with his own personal wealth, and is buried in a sarcophagus beneath it. The library held nearly 12,000 scrolls in cupboards in niches in the double walls, which protected the documents from temperature and humidity. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC356.jpg
  • Pediment above the columns on the facade of the Library of Celsus, built 110-135 AD under Consul Julius Celsus Polemaenus, governor of the province of Asia, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. Celsus paid for the construction with his own personal wealth, and is buried in a sarcophagus beneath it. The library held nearly 12,000 scrolls in cupboards in niches in the double walls, which protected the documents from temperature and humidity. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC342.JPG
  • Library of Celsus, built 110-135 AD under Consul Julius Celsus Polemaenus, governor of the province of Asia, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. Celsus paid for the construction with his own personal wealth, and is buried in a sarcophagus beneath it. The library held nearly 12,000 scrolls in cupboards in niches in the double walls, which protected the documents from temperature and humidity. In the foreground are carved stone blocks with bull's heads and garlands. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC339.jpg
  • Library of Celsus, built 110-135 AD under Consul Julius Celsus Polemaenus, governor of the province of Asia, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. Celsus paid for the construction with his own personal wealth, and is buried in a sarcophagus beneath it. The library held nearly 12,000 scrolls in cupboards in niches in the double walls, which protected the documents from temperature and humidity. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC315.jpg
  • Interior of the Library of Celsus, built 110-135 AD under Consul Julius Celsus Polemaenus, governor of the province of Asia, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. Celsus paid for the construction with his own personal wealth, and is buried in a sarcophagus beneath it. The library held nearly 12,000 scrolls in cupboards in niches in the double walls, which protected the documents from temperature and humidity. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC316.jpg
  • Library of Celsus, built 110-135 AD under Consul Julius Celsus Polemaenus, governor of the province of Asia, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. Celsus paid for the construction with his own personal wealth, and is buried in a sarcophagus beneath it. The library held nearly 12,000 scrolls in cupboards in niches in the double walls, which protected the documents from temperature and humidity. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC317.jpg
  • Coffered ceiling from the facade of the Library of Celsus, built 110-135 AD under Consul Julius Celsus Polemaenus, governor of the province of Asia, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. Celsus paid for the construction with his own personal wealth, and is buried in a sarcophagus beneath it. The library held nearly 12,000 scrolls in cupboards in niches in the double walls, which protected the documents from temperature and humidity. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC305.jpg
  • Samite silk textile with birds standing in pairs with haloes, on a red ground, used as a wall hanging, made in Central Asia, 7th - 8th century AD, from the exhibition 'Sur la Route de la Soie: Etoffes, Luxe et Pouvoir', June-October 2022, about the manufacture and trade of silk along the Silk Road, at the Musee d'Art et d'Archeologie de Cluny, Abbaye de Cluny, Cluny, Saone-et-Loire, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1631.jpg
  • Samite fragment, silk fabric with lion frieze motif, <br />
from Sogdia in Central Asia, 7th - 8th century AD, from the exhibition 'Sur la Route de la Soie: Etoffes, Luxe et Pouvoir', June-October 2022, about the manufacture and trade of silk along the Silk Road, at the Musee d'Art et d'Archeologie de Cluny, Abbaye de Cluny, Cluny, Saone-et-Loire, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1632.jpg
  • West facade of the Palais de la Bourse, or Nantes Stock Exchange, built 1790-1815 by Mathurin Crucy in neoclassical style, now a Fnac shop, on the Place de la Bourse, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. This facade features 10 Doric columns with statues above each, representing Laws, Abundance, Fine Arts, Geography, City of Nantes, America, Africa, Asia, Europe and Prudence. In front of the building is the statue of Georges de Villebois-Mareuil, a soldier from Nantes who died in the Boer War, 1906, by Charles Raoul Verlet, 1857-1923. Nantes was an important trading port and wealthy city, having profited from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. The building is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0097.jpg
  • Asia, or Spring, oil painting on wood, from the Four Seasons, 1917-19, by Josep Maria Sert i Badia, 1874-1945, in the Sala Sert of the Casa de la Ciutat, the town hall of Vic, in Catalonia, Spain. The paintings were originally commissioned for the dining room of Arthur Capel in London, then installed in Baron Rothschild's hunting lodge at the Chateau de Laversine in Oise, France. They are on loan from the Museo Reina Sofia in Madrid. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_080.jpg
  • America, or Winter, oil painting on wood, from the Four Seasons, 1917-19, by Josep Maria Sert i Badia, 1874-1945, in the Sala Sert of the Casa de la Ciutat, the town hall of Vic, in Catalonia, Spain. On the left is Europe or Autumn, and on the right, Asia or Spring. The paintings were originally commissioned for the dining room of Arthur Capel in London, then installed in Baron Rothschild's hunting lodge at the Chateau de Laversine in Oise, France. They are on loan from the Museo Reina Sofia in Madrid. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_077.jpg
  • Four angels, representing 4 of the 7 bishops of Asia Minor, from the stained glass window of the Apocalypse, 1215-25, in bay 14, in the ambulatory of Bourges Cathedral or the Cathedrale Saint-Etienne de Bourges, built 1195-1230 in French Gothic style and consecrated in 1324, in Bourges, Centre-Val de Loire, France. 22 of the original 25 medieval stained glass windows of the ambulatory have survived. The cathedral is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0116.jpg
  • Detail of Europe, Africa and Asia, from the Map of the world, 1574, painting by Giovanni Antonio Da Varese, in the Hall of Maps, in the Villa Farnese or Villa Caprarola, a 16th century Renaissance and Mannerist fortified villa designed by Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola and built 1559-73 for the Farnese family under Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, in Caprarola, Viterbo, Lazio, Italy. The Hall of Maps is also known as the Room of the World Map or Sala del Mappamondo and displays maps of the whole known world as well as of the heavens, in a ceiling fresco of the planets and constellations. The Villa Farnese is now owned by the state and run by the Polo Museale del Lazio. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_ITALY_MC_0413.jpg
  • The Bosphorus Bridge at night, also called the First Bosphorus Bridge (Bogazici Koprusu), Bosphorus Strait, Istanbul, Marmara, Turkey. This bridge is one of 2 suspension bridges spanning the Bosphorus Strait, connecting Europe and Asia. It is located between Ortakoy (on the European side) and Beylerbeyi (on the Asian side). It is a gravity anchored suspension bridge with steel towers and inclined hangers. It is 1560m long with a deck width of 33.40m. The distance between the towers is 1074m and the total height of the towers is 165m. The Bosphorus Bridge had the 4th longest suspension bridge span in the world when it was completed in 1973, and is at present the 21st longest. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC147.jpg
  • People on the jetty of Ortakoy and the Bosphorus Bridge at night, also called the First Bosphorus Bridge (Bogazici Koprusu), Bosphorus Strait, Istanbul, Marmara, Turkey. This bridge is one of 2 suspension bridges spanning the Bosphorus Strait, connecting Europe and Asia. It is located between Ortakoy (on the European side) and Beylerbeyi (on the Asian side). It is a gravity anchored suspension bridge with steel towers and inclined hangers. It is 1560m long with a deck width of 33.40m. The distance between the towers is 1074m and the total height of the towers is 165m. The Bosphorus Bridge had the 4th longest suspension bridge span in the world when it was completed in 1973, and is at present the 21st longest. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC13_Turkey_MC025.jpg
  • Boat passing and The Bosphorus Bridge at night, also called the First Bosphorus Bridge (Bogazici Koprusu), Bosphorus Strait, Istanbul, Marmara, Turkey. This bridge is one of 2 suspension bridges spanning the Bosphorus Strait, connecting Europe and Asia. It is located between Ortakoy (on the European side) and Beylerbeyi (on the Asian side). It is a gravity anchored suspension bridge with steel towers and inclined hangers. It is 1560m long with a deck width of 33.40m. The distance between the towers is 1074m and the total height of the towers is 165m. The Bosphorus Bridge had the 4th longest suspension bridge span in the world when it was completed in 1973, and is at present the 21st longest. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC13_Turkey_MC023.jpg
  • The Bosphorus Bridge, also called the First Bosphorus Bridge (Bogazici Koprusu), Bosphorus Strait, Istanbul, Marmara, Turkey. This bridge is one of 2 suspension bridges spanning the Bosphorus Strait, connecting Europe and Asia. It is located between Ortakoy (on the European side) and Beylerbeyi (on the Asian side). It is a gravity anchored suspension bridge with steel towers and inclined hangers. It is 1560m long with a deck width of 33.40m. The distance between the towers is 1074m and the total height of the towers is 165m. The Bosphorus Bridge had the 4th longest suspension bridge span in the world when it was completed in 1973, and is at present the 21st longest. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC13_Turkey_MC019.jpg
  • Samite silk textile with bird with halo in a medallion on a yellow floral background, made in Central Asia, 7th - 8th century AD, from the exhibition 'Sur la Route de la Soie: Etoffes, Luxe et Pouvoir', June-October 2022, about the manufacture and trade of silk along the Silk Road, at the Musee d'Art et d'Archeologie de Cluny, Abbaye de Cluny, Cluny, Saone-et-Loire, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1630.jpg
  • Bacchant head, marble, originally from Proconnesia, Asia Minor, discovered in the Gallo-Roman town of Andilly, in the Musee de Langres, or Langres Museum of Art and History, in Langres, Haute-Marne, France. Founded in 1841, the museum has been housed in a new building in the old town since 1997. It exhibits art, artefacts and archaeology from prehistory to the 20th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1000.jpg
  • West facade of the Palais de la Bourse, or Nantes Stock Exchange, built 1790-1815 by Mathurin Crucy in neoclassical style, now a Fnac shop, on the Place de la Bourse, in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France. This facade features 10 Doric columns with statues above each, representing Laws, Abundance, Fine Arts, Geography, City of Nantes, America, Africa, Asia, Europe and Prudence. Nantes was an important trading port and wealthy city, having profited from the slave trade from 17th - 19th century. The building is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0099.jpg
  • Asia, or Spring, detail, oil painting on wood, from the Four Seasons, 1917-19, by Josep Maria Sert i Badia, 1874-1945, in the Sala Sert of the Casa de la Ciutat, the town hall of Vic, in Catalonia, Spain. The paintings were originally commissioned for the dining room of Arthur Capel in London, then installed in Baron Rothschild's hunting lodge at the Chateau de Laversine in Oise, France. They are on loan from the Museo Reina Sofia in Madrid. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_081.jpg
  • Asia, allegorical ceiling fresco, 1826, by Alexandre Denis Abel de Pujol, 1785-1861, in the nave, used for galas, conferences and other events, in the Palais Brongniart, or Palais de la Bourse, built by Alexandre-Theodore Brongniart 1808-13 and Eloi Labarre 1813-26, on the Place de la Bourse in the 2nd arrondissement of Paris, France. The nave is a 2 storey hall lined with arcades, housing 500 at conference or 1200 for drinks. The building housed the Bourse de Paris or Paris Stock Exchange from the late 19th century, and Euronext Paris from 2000, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_PARIS_MC_1064.jpg
  • Parts of the Monument to the Glory of the French Colonial Expansion (Monument a la Gloire de l’Expansion Coloniale), 1913, by Jean-Baptiste Belloc, 1863-1919, in the Jardin d'Agronomie Tropicale, or Garden of Tropical Agronomy, in the Bois de Vincennes in the 12th arrondissement of Paris, France. The section on the right represents Asia. The sculptural group consists of 5 sections which have been dismantled and are stored near the entrance to the garden. The tropical garden was first established in 1899 to conduct agronomical experiments on plants of French colonies. In 1907 it was the site of the Colonial Exhibition and many pavilions were built or relocated here. The garden has since become neglected and many structures overgrown, damaged or destroyed, with most of the tropical vegetation disappeared. The site is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_1110.jpg
  • Three angels representing 3 of the 7 bishops of Asia Minor, from the stained glass window of the Apocalypse, 1215-25, in bay 14, in the ambulatory of Bourges Cathedral or the Cathedrale Saint-Etienne de Bourges, built 1195-1230 in French Gothic style and consecrated in 1324, in Bourges, Centre-Val de Loire, France. 22 of the original 25 medieval stained glass windows of the ambulatory have survived. The cathedral is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0108.jpg
  • John's first vision, with the transfigured Christ holding the book with 7 seals and the 7 stars, surrounded by 7 candlesticks representing the 7 churches of Asia Minor and with a sword in his mouth with Alpha-Omega inscribed on its blade, from the stained glass window of the Apocalypse, 1215-25, in bay 14, in the ambulatory of Bourges Cathedral or the Cathedrale Saint-Etienne de Bourges, built 1195-1230 in French Gothic style and consecrated in 1324, in Bourges, Centre-Val de Loire, France. 22 of the original 25 medieval stained glass windows of the ambulatory have survived. The cathedral is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_FRANCE_MC_0106.jpg
  • The Bosphorus Bridge at night, also called the First Bosphorus Bridge (Bogazici Koprusu), Bosphorus Strait, Istanbul, Marmara, Turkey. This bridge is one of 2 suspension bridges spanning the Bosphorus Strait, connecting Europe and Asia. It is located between Ortakoy (on the European side) and Beylerbeyi (on the Asian side). It is a gravity anchored suspension bridge with steel towers and inclined hangers. It is 1560m long with a deck width of 33.40m. The distance between the towers is 1074m and the total height of the towers is 165m. The Bosphorus Bridge had the 4th longest suspension bridge span in the world when it was completed in 1973, and is at present the 21st longest. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC13_Turkey_MC024.jpg
  • Decorative carving on the facade of the Library of Celsus, built 110-135 AD under Consul Julius Celsus Polemaenus, governor of the province of Asia, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. Celsus paid for the construction with his own personal wealth, and is buried in a sarcophagus beneath it. The library held nearly 12,000 scrolls in cupboards in niches in the double walls, which protected the documents from temperature and humidity. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC307.jpg
  • Statue of Arete, Greek goddess of virtue, from the facade of the Library of Celsus, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. The library was built 110-135 AD under Consul Julius Celsus Polemaenus, governor of the province of Asia. Celsus paid for the construction with his own personal wealth, and is buried in a sarcophagus beneath it. The library held nearly 12,000 scrolls in cupboards in niches in the double walls, which protected the documents from temperature and humidity. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC306.jpg
  • Boys fishing on the jetty of Ortakoy and the Bosphorus Bridge, also called the First Bosphorus Bridge (Bogazici Koprusu), Bosphorus Strait, Istanbul, Marmara, Turkey. This bridge is one of 2 suspension bridges spanning the Bosphorus Strait, connecting Europe and Asia. It is located between Ortakoy (on the European side) and Beylerbeyi (on the Asian side). It is a gravity anchored suspension bridge with steel towers and inclined hangers. It is 1560m long with a deck width of 33.40m. The distance between the towers is 1074m and the total height of the towers is 165m. The Bosphorus Bridge had the 4th longest suspension bridge span in the world when it was completed in 1973, and is at present the 21st longest. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC13_Turkey_MC021.jpg
  • Statue of Arete, Greek goddess of virtue, from the facade of the Library of Celsus, Ephesus, Izmir, Turkey. The library was built 110-135 AD under Consul Julius Celsus Polemaenus, governor of the province of Asia. Celsus paid for the construction with his own personal wealth, and is buried in a sarcophagus beneath it. The library held nearly 12,000 scrolls in cupboards in niches in the double walls, which protected the documents from temperature and humidity. Ephesus was an ancient Greek city founded in the 10th century BC, and later a major Roman city, on the Ionian coast near present day Selcuk. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC383.jpg
  • People on the jetty of Ortakoy and the Bosphorus Bridge, also called the First Bosphorus Bridge (Bogazici Koprusu), Bosphorus Strait, Istanbul, Marmara, Turkey. This bridge is one of 2 suspension bridges spanning the Bosphorus Strait, connecting Europe and Asia. It is located between Ortakoy (on the European side) and Beylerbeyi (on the Asian side). It is a gravity anchored suspension bridge with steel towers and inclined hangers. It is 1560m long with a deck width of 33.40m. The distance between the towers is 1074m and the total height of the towers is 165m. The Bosphorus Bridge had the 4th longest suspension bridge span in the world when it was completed in 1973, and is at present the 21st longest. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC13_Turkey_MC022.jpg
  • Detail of small minaret, late 19th century - early 20th century, summer mosque, Rukhabad Mausoleum, 14th century, Samarkand, Uzbekistan, pictured on July , 2010, at sunrise. The decoration bears influence of Eastern-Turkistan or Chinese traditions. Samarkand, a city on the Silk Road, founded as Afrosiab in the 7th century BC, is a meeting point for the world's cultures. Its most important development was in the Timurid period, 14th to 15th centuries. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC138.jpg
  • Panoramic view of the side of the Matniyaz Divan-begi madrasah (right) 1871, Kalta Minor (centre) 1855, and Ota Darvoza (Father Gate) (left) with the Madrasah of Muhammad Rakhim-khan II, 1871 (background), Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, at sunset. Juma Mosque Minaret (left), dome of the Pahlavan Mahmud Mausoleum and the Islam Hodja minaret (right) are visible in the distance. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC247.jpg
  • Aerial view Ichan Kala, showing Madrasah of Muhammad Rakhim-khan II, 1871, on the left, with Islam Hodja Minaret, 1910, to its right, Juma Mosque and Minaret plus dome of Pahlavan Mahmud Mausoleum, 14th-16th century, on the right in the background, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 5, 2010, in the afternoon. The Muhammad Rakhim-khan II Madrasah is one of the biggest Madrasahs in Khiva and was commissioned by Muhammad-Rahim II (1863-1910), it has a two tiered celled facade, with a massive central portal, and small towers at the corners.  Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC246.jpg
  • General view of Pahlavan Mahmud Mausoleum, 14th-16th century, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured at sunset on July 5, 2010. Visible are its blue tile-covered dome which commands Khiva's skyline and on the right the Islam Hodja minaret, 1910, and the Juma Mosque Minaret on the left. Commissioned by the reforming Grand Visier, Islam Khodja, the minaret is 44.8 metres high, tapering towards the top, its ochre brick alternating with bands of decorative blue and white tiles. It is the final architectural achievement of the Khanates. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC245.jpg
  • General view of holy tombs and the Pahlavan Makhmoud Mausoleum, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 5, 2010, in the morning. The mausoleum centres on the two-cupola shrine of Pahlavan Mahmud, Khiva's  patron saint (said to have been a poet, soldier, furrier, wrestler and healer of diseases), and is also the burial complex of the Qungrat Khans. 19th and 20th century remodelling extended the complex. The Mausoleum's blue dome dominates Khiva's skyline rising above its brick building and domes  of the adjacent graveyard. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC244.jpg
  • General view of Pahlavan Mahmud Mausoleum, 14th-16th century, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured at sunset. Visible are its blue tile-covered dome which commands Khiva's skyline and on the right the Islam Hodja minaret, 1910. Commissioned by the reforming Grand Visier, Islam Khodja, the minaret is 44.8 metres high, tapering towards the top, its ochre brick alternating with bands of decorative blue and white tiles. It is the final architectural achievement of the Khanates. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC243.jpg
  • Low angle view of a young girl passing through the Ota Darvoza gate, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the late afternoon light of a summer day with the Muhammad Aminkhan Madrasah and Kalta Minor in the background. Khiva's old city, Ichan Kala, is surrounded by 2.2 kilometres of crenellated and bastioned city walls. Some sections may be 5th century, but the strongest sections were built 1686-88 by Arang Khan. The main gate today is the restored western Ota Darvoza (Father Gate). The Kalta Minor or Short Minaret was commissioned by Mohammed Amin Khan in 1852 to stand 70 m. high, but was abandoned when he died in 1855, and remains only 26 m. high. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC242.jpg
  • Portrait of a young boy in front of the  the Ota Darvoza gate, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the late afternoon light of a summer day. Khiva's old city, Ichan Kala, is surrounded by 2.2 kilometres of crenellated and bastioned city walls. Some sections may be 5th century, but the strongest sections were built 1686-88 by Arang Khan. The main gate today is the restored western Ota Darvoza (Father Gate). Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC241.jpg
  • View from the front of women and a boy walking towards the Ata-Davarza gate, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the late afternoon light of a summer day. The Muhammad Aminkhan Madrasah and Kalta Minar are visible in the background. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC240.jpg
  • General view of Matniyaz Divan-begi madrasah (right) 1871, Kalta Minor (centre) 1855, and Juma minaret, 10th-13th centuries, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, at sunset. The Kalta Minor or Short Minaret was commissioned by Mohammed Amin Khan in 1852 to stand 70 m. high, but was abandoned when he died in 1855, and remains only 26 m. high. Commissioned by Muhammad Niyaz, the rectangular Matniyaz Divan-begi madrasah has a traditional main facade, its high portal, decorated with majolica, having a central pentahedral niche and corner guldastas which are geometrically patterned in blue, white and green, with green brick domes. The Juma minaret, oldest in Khiva, has a tapering brick trunk decorated with seven narrow belts of small turquoise bricks. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC239.jpg
  • Low angle view of the  Allah Kuli Khan Madrasah, 1834-35, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the summer afternoon light. The shadowy walkway contrasts strongly with the sunlit tiered arches of the facade in the background. The Allah Kuli Khan Madrasah, second largest college in the city, has the highest portal in Khiva. Parts of the city wall and adjoining Khojamberdiby Madrasah were demolished to allow space for the 99 celled building. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC238.jpg
  • View from below of tiles on the ceiling of the aiwan of the Arzkhona, or courtroom, Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. The harem, occupying about half of the palace has 5 aiwan terraces, with delicately carved wooden pillars,  behind which were the quarters for the khan and his wives. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC237.jpg
  • Detail of tiles on the wall of the Arzkhona, or courtroom, Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC236.jpg
  • Detail of tiles on the wall of the courtyard of the Mikhmankhana, official reception hall, Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC235.jpg
  • Detail of tiles on the wall of the Mikhmankhana, official reception hall, Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC234.jpg
  • General view of the Mikhmankhana, official reception hall, Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC233.JPG
  • Detail of tiles on the wall of the Mikhmankhana, official reception hall, Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC232.jpg
  • General view of Mikhmankhana, official reception area, Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC230.jpg
  • Detail of pillar base, Harem aiwan, Tash Khauli Palace , 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. The harem, occupying about half of the palace has 5 aiwan terraces, with delicately carved wooden pillars,  behind which were the quarters for the khan and his wives. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC229.jpg
  • View from the front of Harem aiwan, Tash Khauli Palace , 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. The harem, occupying about half of the palace has 5 aiwan terraces, with delicately carved wooden pillars,  behind which were the quarters for the khan and his wives. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC228.jpg
  • Detail of wall decoration in the courtyard of the Harem,  Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. The harem, occupying about half of the palace has 5 aiwan terraces, with delicately carved wooden pillars,  behind which were the quarters for the khan and his wives. Across the courtyard were the  concubines' apartments.  The facades and walls around the courtyards were decorated with traditional blue, ultramarine and white colours majolica made by Abdullah. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC226.jpg
  • Detail of wall decoration in the courtyard of the Harem,  Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. The harem, occupying about half of the palace has 5 aiwan terraces, with delicately carved wooden pillars,  behind which were the quarters for the khan and his wives. Across the courtyard were the  concubines' apartments.  The facades and walls around the courtyards were decorated with traditional blue, ultramarine and white colours majolica made by Abdullah. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC225.jpg
  • Detail of pillar base, Harem, of Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. The harem, occupying about half of the palace has 5 aiwan terraces, with delicately carved wooden pillars,  behind which were the quarters for the khan and his wives. Across the courtyard were the  concubines' apartments.  The facades and walls around the courtyards were decorated with traditional blue, ultramarine and white colours majolica made by Abdullah. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC224.jpg
  • General view of the Allah Kuli Khan Madrasah, 1834-35, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the afternoon. The Allah Kuli Khan Madrasah, second largest college in the city, has the highest portal in Khiva. Parts of the city wall and adjoining Khojamberdiby Madrasah were demolished to allow space for the 99 celled building. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC223.jpg
  • Low angle view of columns and majolica tiling, winter mosque, Kukhna Ark, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the morning. The Kukhna Ark is the original home of the Khans. Although its foundations are 5th century, most of the complex is 19th century.  Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC222.jpg
  • General view of the Qutlugh Murad Inaq Madrasah, 1804-12, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, in the morning. The Qutlugh Murad Inaq Madrasah is the first completely two-storey masrasah in Khiva comprising 81 hujras. The building is composed along the longitudinal axis with a four-ayvan yard and connected with residential hudjras for students and teachers. Qutlugh Murad Inaq madrasah is the only monument in Khiva where non-glazed relief-stamped terracotta was used. Corner guldasta of the main facade are decorated with terracotta tiles with non-recurring pattern. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC220.jpg
  • Low angle view of South Gate, Tash Darvaza (Stone Gates), and walls of the old city, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, at dawn. Khiva's old city, Ichan Kala, is surrounded by 2.2 kilometres of crenellated and bastioned city walls. Some sections may be 5th century, but the strongest sections were built 1686-88 by Arang Khan. The Tash Darvaza was built in the 19th century during the reign of Allakulykhan. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC219.jpg
  • High angle view from the Islam Hodja minaret of the Pahlavan Mahmud Mausoleum, 14th-16th centuries, and in the distance the Matniyaz Divan-begi Madrasah, 1871, and the Kalta Minor, 1855, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 4, 2010, at sunrise. The mausoleum centres on the shrine of Pahlavan Mahmud, Khiva's  patron saint , and is also the burial complex of the Qungrat Khans. 19th and 20th century remodeling extended the complex whose blue dome dominates Khiva's skyline rising above its brick building and domes of the adjacent graveyard. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC218.jpg
  • Oblique view of entrance to Pahlavan Mahmud Mausoleum, 14th-16th centuries, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 7, 2010, at dawn. The mausoleum centres on the two-cupola shrine of Pahlavan Mahmud, Khiva's  patron saint (said to have been a poet, soldier, furrier, wrestler and healer of diseases), and is also the burial complex of the Qungrat Khans. 19th and 20th century remodeling extended the complex adding tombs, an iwan and summer mosque, Quran reading halls, a Madrasah, and three small chambers, the middle one accommodating a prayer hall entered from the shrine's central hall. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC217.jpg
  • Low angle view of Museum of Applied Arts, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, at sunset with a boy and his bicycle in front. The Museum of Applied Art and Life of Khorezm is a Madrasah, Kazi and Kalyan housing mainly 18th-19th century and some 20th century works by folk artists including jewellery, carpet weaving, pottery, wood and stone carving and copper coinage. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC216.jpg
  • Low angle view of Museum of Applied Arts, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, at sunset. The Museum of Applied Art and Life of Khorezm is a Madrasah, Kazi and Kalyan housing mainly 18th-19th century and some 20th century works by folk artists including jewellery, carpet weaving, pottery, wood and stone carving and copper coinage. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC215.jpg
  • General view of Matniyaz Divan-begi madrasah (right) 1871, Kalta Minor (right) 1855, and Ota Darvoza (Father Gate) (left), with the quayside in the right foreground and the Muhammad Rakhim-khan II Madrasah 1871, in the left background, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. Khiva's old city, Ichan Kala, is surrounded by 2.2 kilometres of crenellated and bastioned city walls. The main gate today is the restored western Ota Darvoza (Father Gate). The Kalta Minor or Short Minaret was commissioned by Mohammed Amin Khan in 1852 to stand 70 m. high, but was abandoned when he died in 1855, and remains only 26 m. high. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC213.jpg
  • Oblique Low angle view of Statue of Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi (c.780-c.850), astronomer and mathematician, with the tower of Matniyaz Divan-begi Madrasah in the distance, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC211.jpg
  • Low angle view of Statue of Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi (c.780-c.850), astronomer and mathematician, with main gate of Ichan-Kala, Ota Darvoza (Father Gate), and walls of the old city in the background, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. Khiva's old city, Ichan Kala, is surrounded by 2.2 kilometres of crenellated and bastioned city walls. Some sections may be 5th century, but the strongest sections were built 1686-88 by Arang Khan. The main gate today is the restored western Ota Darvoza (Father Gate). Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC210.jpg
  • Detail of niche in Prayer Hall, Pahlavan Mahmud Mausoleum, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. The mausoleum centres on the two-cupola shrine of Pahlavan Mahmud, Khiva's  patron saint (said to have been a poet, soldier, furrier, wrestler and healer of diseases), and is also the burial complex of the Qungrat Khans. 19th and 20th century remodeling extended the complex adding tombs, an iwan and summer mosque, Quran reading halls, a Madrasah, and three small chambers, the middle one accommodating a prayer hall entered from the shrine's central hall. The interior of the mausoleum is richly decorated with traditional woodcarving, ceramics and metalwork, including majolica tiles commissioned in 1825 by Allah Quli Khan. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC208.jpg
  • Detail of tomb in the burial vaults of Isfandiyarkhan's mother and son as well as his own burial site, 1913, seen through carved wooden panel, inside a two-storey building, erected in the yard in front of the Pahlavan Mahmud Mausoleum complex, 14th-16th centuries, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. The mausoleum centres on the two-cupola shrine of Pahlavan Mahmud, Khiva's  patron saint and is also the burial complex of the Qungrat Khans. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC207.jpg
  • Detail of ceramics on the main wall, Kurinish Khana or Throne Room, 1804-06, Kukhna Ark, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. The Kukhna Ark is the original home of the Khans. Although its foundations are 5th century, most of the complex is 19th century. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC206.jpg
  • Detail of ceramics on the main wall, Kurinish Khana or Throne Room, 1804-06, Kukhna Ark, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. The Kukhna Ark is the original home of the Khans. Although its foundations are 5th century, most of the complex is 19th century. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC205.JPG
  • Detail of ceramics on the ceiling, Kurinish Khana or Throne Room, 1804-06, Kukhna Ark, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. The Kukhna Ark is the original home of the Khans. Although its foundations are 5th century, most of the complex is 19th century. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC204.jpg
  • Detail of ceramics on the main wall, Kurinish Khana or Throne Room, 1804-06, Kukhna Ark, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. The Kukhna Ark is the original home of the Khans. Although its foundations are 5th century, most of the complex is 19th century. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC203.jpg
  • Detail of carved wooden door, Kurinish Khana or Throne Room, 1804-06, Kukhna Ark, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. The Kukhna Ark is the original home of the Khans. Although its foundations are 5th century, most of the complex is 19th century. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC202.jpg
  • Detail of wall opposite throne, Kurinish Khana or Throne Room, 1804-06, Kukhna Ark, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. The Kukhna Ark is the original home of the Khans. Although its foundations are 5th century, most of the complex is 19th century. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC201.jpg
  • View from the front of throne in niche, Kurinish Khana or Throne Room, 1804-06, Kukhna Ark, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. The Kukhna Ark is the original home of the Khans. Although its foundations are 5th century, most of the complex is 19th century. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC199.jpg
  • Detail of column in semi-open aiwan, tiled in majolica, Kurinish Khana or Throne Room, 1804-06, Kukhna Ark, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. The Kukhna Ark is the original home of the Khans. Although its foundations are 5th century, most of the complex is 19th century. The Kurinish Khana (throne room) 1804-06, has an arcade or aiwan, where audiences were held in the open air in summer and enclosed by a yurt in winter. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC198.jpg
  • Low angle view of columns and majolica tiling, winter mosque, Kukhna Ark, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. The Kukhna Ark is the original home of the Khans. Although its foundations are 5th century, most of the complex is 19th century. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC197.jpg
  • Low angle view of columns and majolica tiling, winter mosque, Kukhna Ark, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. The Kukhna Ark is the original home of the Khans. Although its foundations are 5th century, most of the complex is 19th century.  Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC196.jpg
  • Detail of majolica tiling, winter mosque, Kukhna Ark, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. The Kukhna Ark is the original home of the Khans. Although its foundations are 5th century, most of the complex is 19th century. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC195.jpg
  • Detail of majolica tiling, winter mosque, Kukhna Ark, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. The Kukhna Ark is the original home of the Khans. Although its foundations are 5th century, most of the complex is 19th century. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC194.jpg
  • Detail of majolica tiling, winter mosque, Kukhna Ark, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. The Kukhna Ark is the original home of the Khans. Although its foundations are 5th century, most of the complex is 19th century. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC192.jpg
  • Detail of majolica tiling, winter mosque, Kukhna Ark, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. The Kukhna Ark is the original home of the Khans. Although its foundations are 5th century, most of the complex is 19th century. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC191.jpg
  • Detail of majolica tiling, winter mosque, Kukhna Ark, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. The Kukhna Ark is the original home of the Khans. Although its foundations are 5th century, most of the complex is 19th century. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC190.jpg
  • Detail of majolica tiling, winter mosque, Kukhna Ark, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. The Kukhna Ark is the original home of the Khans. Although its foundations are 5th century, most of the complex is 19th century. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC189.jpg
  • Detail of majolica tiling, winter mosque, Kukhna Ark, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. The Kukhna Ark is the original home of the Khans. Although its foundations are 5th century, most of the complex is 19th century. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC188.jpg
  • Detail of columns and majolica tiling, winter mosque, Kukhna Ark, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the afternoon. The Kukhna Ark is the original home of the Khans. Although its foundations are 5th century, most of the complex is 19th century. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC186.jpg
  • Detail of mosaic tiling, in a room in the Harem of Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the morning. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. The harem, occupying about half of the palace has 5 aiwan terraces, with delicately carved wooden pillars,  behind which were the quarters for the khan and his wives. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC184.jpg
  • Detail of mosaic tiling, in a room in the Harem of Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the morning. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. The harem, occupying about half of the palace has 5 aiwan terraces, with delicately carved wooden pillars,  behind which were the quarters for the khan and his wives. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC183.JPG
  • Detail of mosaic tiling, in a room in the Harem of Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the morning. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. The harem, occupying about half of the palace has 5 aiwan terraces, with delicately carved wooden pillars,  behind which were the quarters for the khan and his wives. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC182.jpg
  • Detail of ceiling, 1st floor of Harem, Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the morning. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. The harem, occupying about half of the palace has 5 aiwan terraces, with delicately carved wooden pillars,  behind which were the quarters for the khan and his wives. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC181.jpg
  • View from the front of an aiwan terrace in the Harem, Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the morning. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. The harem, occupying about half of the palace has 5 aiwan terraces, with delicately carved wooden pillars,  behind which were the quarters for the khan and his wives. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC180.jpg
  • View from below of ceiling of an aiwan terrace in the Harem, Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the morning. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. The harem, occupying about half of the palace has 5 aiwan terraces, behind which were the quarters for the khan and his wives. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC179.jpg
  • Low angle view of a room with mosaic tiling walls in the Harem, Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the morning. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. The harem, occupying about half of the palace has 5 aiwan terraces, with delicately carved wooden pillars,  behind which were the quarters for the khan and his wives. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC178.jpg
  • View from below of column in an aiwan terrace in the Harem, Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the morning. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. The harem, occupying about half of the palace has 5 aiwan terraces, with delicately carved wooden pillars,  behind which were the quarters for the khan and his wives. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC177.jpg
  • Detail of mosaic tiling, in a room in the Harem of Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the morning. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. The harem, occupying about half of the palace has 5 aiwan terraces, with delicately carved wooden pillars,  behind which were the quarters for the khan and his wives. Across the courtyard were the  concubines' apartments.  The facades and walls around the courtyards were decorated with traditional blue, ultramarine and white colours majolica made by Abdullah. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC176.jpg
  • Detail of doorway, Harem, Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the morning. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. The harem, occupying about half of the palace has 5 aiwan terraces, with delicately carved wooden pillars,  behind which were the quarters for the khan and his wives. Across the courtyard were the  concubines' apartments.  The facades and walls around the courtyards were decorated with traditional blue, ultramarine and white colours majolica made by Abdullah. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC175.jpg
  • General view of Harem courtyard, Tash Khauli Palace, 1830-38, Khiva, Uzbekistan, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the morning. Commissioned by Allah Kuli Khan the Tash Kauli palace is a huge complex containing 163 rooms which took its architects, Tajiddin and Kalandar, 10 years to build. The harem, occupying about half of the palace has 5 aiwan terraces. Across the courtyard were the  concubines' apartments.  The facades and walls around the courtyards were decorated with traditional blue, ultramarine and white colours majolica made by Abdullah. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC174.jpg
  • General view of Prayer Hall, Juma Mosque, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the morning. The Juma Mosque, Khiva's main Friday Mosque is, unusally, a single storey building, whose 18th century architects tried to preserve the characteristics of its 10th century predecessor. The 45x55 metre prayer hall contains 212 10th-18th century pillars of varying form and decoration. Some are from the ancient mosque on the same site, others are battle trophies. They are remarkable not only for their fine carving and decoration but also for the  design of the lower sections in the form of a vase with flowering shoots. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC173.jpg
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