manuel cohen

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  • Baptismal font, 11th century, in black Tournai stone, with 4 faces representing either the Evangelists, or the 4 Rivers of Paradise (Tigris, Euphrates, Gihon and Pison), in the South transept, Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. Behind the font is 15th century wood panelling. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0400.jpg
  • Nave, looking towards the choir with its rose window, Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The nave has 11 bays with a vaulted ceiling, a side aisle to each side and 27 chapels. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0372.jpg
  • The flight to Egypt, with Joseph leading a donkey carrying the Virgin, early 12th century, lancet stained glass window from the apse of Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0385.jpg
  • Baptismal font, 11th century, in black Tournai stone, with 4 faces representing either the Evangelists, or the 4 Rivers of Paradise (Tigris, Euphrates, Gihon and Pison), in the South transept, Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. To the right is 15th century wood panelling. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0403.jpg
  • Jesus travelling on a donkey being blessed as he leaves, stained glass window from Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0398.jpg
  • Looking along one of the side aisles to a statue below a stained glass window, Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0378.jpg
  • The shepherds, early 12th century, lancet stained glass window in the apse of Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0384.jpg
  • Kings on horseback, early 12th century, lancet stained glass window from the apse of Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0386.jpg
  • Simeon and a young Jesus, early 12th century, lancet stained glass window from the apse of Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0387.jpg
  • The crucifixion, 14th century, painted high relief in the ambulatory of Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0390.jpg
  • Baptismal font, 11th century, in black Tournai stone, with 4 faces representing either the Evangelists, or the 4 Rivers of Paradise (Tigris, Euphrates, Gihon and Pison), on the left a bird with snake tail representing the struggle between good and evil, and on the right an animal figure, in the South transept, Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0404.jpg
  • Baptismal font, 11th century, in black Tournai stone, with 4 faces representing either the Evangelists, or the 4 Rivers of Paradise (Tigris, Euphrates, Gihon and Pison), in the South transept, Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0409.jpg
  • Nave, looking towards the choir with its rose window, Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The nave has 11 bays with a vaulted ceiling, a side aisle to each side and 27 chapels. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0373.jpg
  • Icon depicting the holy face of Jesus Christ, late 12th or early 13th century, from Serbia, painted on cypress wood and plaster, donated by Pope Urban IV who was born in Laon in 1185, in Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0375.jpg
  • Western facade illuminated at night, 12th century, with its 2 towers and triple portal, Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. After damage during the French Revolution, the facade was restored in 1853 by Emile Boeswillwald. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0374.jpg
  • East Rose window, depicting the Virgin and child enthroned, the 4 evangelists and the 12 apostles, in the choir of Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0382.jpg
  • Baptismal font, 11th century, in black Tournai stone, with 4 faces representing either the Evangelists, or the 4 Rivers of Paradise (Tigris, Euphrates, Gihon and Pison), on the left a bird with snake tail representing the struggle between good and evil, and on the right an animal figure, in the South transept, Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0401.jpg
  • The choir with its rose window and 3 lancet windows above the 18th century altar, Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0377.jpg
  • Eastern ambulatory with its chapels, Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0393.jpg
  • Sculpted and painted angel holding 2 crowns, in a chapel off the Eastern ambulatory, Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0396.jpg
  • Jesus washes his disciples' feet, early 12th century, lancet stained glass window from the apse of Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0399.jpg
  • Baptismal font, 11th century, in black Tournai stone, with 4 faces representing either the Evangelists, or the 4 Rivers of Paradise (Tigris, Euphrates, Gihon and Pison), in the South transept, Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. Behind the font is 15th century wood panelling. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0402.jpg
  • Baptismal font, 11th century, in black Tournai stone, with 4 faces representing either the Evangelists, or the 4 Rivers of Paradise (Tigris, Euphrates, Gihon and Pison), and an animal figure, in the South transept, Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0405.jpg
  • View over the town of Chateau-Thierry with its medieval castle on the left and the river Marne on the right, Aisne, Picardy, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC187.jpg
  • Stone bas relief of crowned bearded man with lion's body, c. 1150, originally from Picheny abbey, Montlevon, Aisne, Picardie, (now destroyed) and displayed at the museum at Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Burgundy, France. The carving is inspired by Sassanian dynasty Persian reliefs. The Cistercian abbey at Fontenay was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. Its abbey church is the oldest Cistercian church in France. Collection ED. Aynard Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC426.jpg
  • Nave, looking towards the choir with its rose window, Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. In front of the choir is an 18th century choir screen made from wrought iron and gold, installed in 1807. The nave has 11 bays with a vaulted ceiling, a side aisle to each side and 27 chapels. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0379.jpg
  • Sculpted caryatid on the organ-case of Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0383.jpg
  • Western ambulatory, Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0391.jpg
  • The Last Supper, stained glass window from Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0392.JPG
  • Nave, looking towards the choir with its rose window, Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. In front of the choir is an 18th century choir screen made from wrought iron and gold, installed in 1807. The nave has 11 bays with a vaulted ceiling, a side aisle to each side and 27 chapels. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0397.jpg
  • The scourging of Christ, with 2 men whipping Christ, who is tied to a pillar, stained glass window, Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0376.jpg
  • Nave, looking towards the choir with its rose window, Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The nave has 11 bays with a vaulted ceiling, a side aisle to each side and 27 chapels. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0381.jpg
  • The crucifixion with Christ on the cross and the Virgin and St John the Evangelist, 14th century, painted high relief in the ambulatory of Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0388.jpg
  • Baptismal font, 11th century, in black Tournai stone, with 4 faces representing either the Evangelists, or the 4 Rivers of Paradise (Tigris, Euphrates, Gihon and Pison), in the South transept, Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0408.jpg
  • View over the town of Chateau-Thierry seen from its medieval castle, Aisne, Picardy, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC215.jpg
  • View over the town of Chateau-Thierry with its medieval castle on the left, Aisne, Picardy, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC339.jpg
  • Stone bas relief of crowned bearded man with lion's body, c. 1150, originally from Picheny abbey, Montlevon, Aisne, Picardie, (now destroyed) and displayed at the museum at Fontenay Abbey, Marmagne, Burgundy, France. The carving is inspired by Sassanian dynasty Persian reliefs. The Cistercian abbey at Fontenay was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1119, built in the Romanesque style. The abbey itself housed 300 monks from 1200, but was sacked during the French Revolution. Its abbey church is the oldest Cistercian church in France. Collection ED. Aynard Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC421.jpg
  • Western ambulatory with its chapels, Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0394.jpg
  • Baptismal font, 11th century, in black Tournai stone, with 4 faces representing either the Evangelists, or the 4 Rivers of Paradise (Tigris, Euphrates, Gihon and Pison), and the bird with snake tail representing the struggle between good and evil, in the South transept, Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0406.jpg
  • View over the town of Chateau-Thierry with its medieval castle on the left and the river Marne on the right, Aisne, Picardy, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC188.jpg
  • Looking up inside the lantern tower in the transept of Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0395.jpg
  • Baptismal font, 11th century, in black Tournai stone, with 4 faces representing either the Evangelists, or the 4 Rivers of Paradise (Tigris, Euphrates, Gihon and Pison) and carved symbols of life, in the South transept, Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0407.jpg
  • Nave, looking towards the choir with its rose window, Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. In front of the choir is an 18th century choir screen made from wrought iron and gold, installed in 1807. The nave has 11 bays with a vaulted ceiling, a side aisle to each side and 27 chapels. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0380.jpg
  • The crucifixion, 14th century, painted high relief in the ambulatory of Laon Cathedral or the Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Laon, built 12th and 13th centuries in Gothic style, in Laon, Aisne, Picardy, France. The cathedral is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0389.jpg
  • A pitcher, jug and a cooking pot with no handles, terracotta, 12th century, from the excavations of 2009-10 led by Sebastien Ziegler, from Fosse Depotoir F250, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC140.jpg
  • Guardroom on the first floor of the Porte Saint Jean, or St John's Gate, built 1286-1306, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC164.jpg
  • Ramparts, Tour du Tresor or Treasury Tower (centre) and Tour Rouge or Red Tower (left), 13th century, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC206.jpg
  • An iron spur, 16th century, from the 1993 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC316.jpg
  • Statue of the Black Virgin, based on Ismeria, the Soudanese daughter of the sultan of Cairo El-Afdhal, who saved the lives of French knights during the Crusades, converted to christianity and married Robert d'Eppes, son of Guillaume II of France, on the High Altar, made 1610 in Italian Renaissance style, donated by Marie de Medici, wife of Henri IV, on the birth of Louis XIII, in the Basilica of Liesse Notre Dame, built 1134 in Flamboyant Gothic style by the Chevaliers d'Eppes, then rebuilt in 1384 and enlarged in 1480 and again in the 19th century, Liesse-Notre-Dame, Laon, Picardy, France. The statue of the Black Virgin and child stands in front of a fresco of the Pentecost. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0365.jpg
  • Stained glass window with Prince Rainier and Prince Albert of Monaco with their coat of arms, 1975, in the Grimaldi Chapel in the Basilica of Liesse Notre Dame, built 1134 in Flamboyant Gothic style by the Chevaliers d'Eppes, then rebuilt in 1384 and enlarged in 1480 and again in the 19th century, Liesse-Notre-Dame, Laon, Picardy, France. Pilgrims flock here to worship the Black Virgin, based on Ismeria, the Soudanese daughter of the sultan of Cairo El-Afdhal, who saved the lives of French knights during the Crusades, converted to christianity and married Robert d'Eppes, son of Guillaume II of France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0340.jpg
  • Rood screen, 1616, from where the Gospel and the Epistles are preached, donated by Marie de Gonzague of the Guise Lorraine family, between the nave and the chancel of the Basilica of Liesse Notre Dame, built 1134 in Flamboyant Gothic style by the Chevaliers d'Eppes, then rebuilt in 1384 and enlarged in 1480 and again in the 19th century, Liesse-Notre-Dame, Laon, Picardy, France. Pilgrims flock here to worship the Black Virgin, based on Ismeria, the Soudanese daughter of the sultan of Cairo El-Afdhal, who saved the lives of French knights during the Crusades, converted to christianity and married Robert d'Eppes, son of Guillaume II of France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0337.jpg
  • Remains of the lateral chimneys in the main room of the huge kitchen area to the North of the upper courtyard, 14th - 15th centuries, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC174.jpg
  • Ramparts and the 12th century Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC182.jpg
  • The Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC181.jpg
  • Ramparts and the Tour du Tresor or Treasury tower, 13th century, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC219.jpg
  • Looking through the archway of the Porte Saint Jean, or St John's Gate, built 1286-1306, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC232.jpg
  • Well, 3m across and 54m deep, in the underground quarry and cellars, 11th - 16th centuries, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. From the 11th century, limestone was extracted from under the castle to create underground rooms, which were reinforced in the 12th and 13th centuries. By the 16th century, the underground rooms had 2 levels and accessed the dry moat. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC242.jpg
  • Francois Blary, teacher-researcher at the Universite de Picardie Jules Verne, laboratoire TRAME (Textes, Representations, Archeologie, Autorite et Memoires de líAntiquite a la Renaissance), with a model of the medieval castle at Chateau-Thierry, photographed on site at Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC246.jpg
  • Toothpick set made from copper alloy, 14th century, from the 1995 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC290.jpg
  • An awl in bone with incised decoration, early 10th century, from the 1994 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC295.jpg
  • A toothbrush in bone with holes drilled for the bristles, 19th century, from the 1988 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC297.jpg
  • Looking up at the wooden footbridge over the moat leading to the Porte Saint Jean, or St John's Gate, built 1286-1306, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC332.jpg
  • Statue of St Louis, or Louis IX of France, 1214-70, in the Chapelle des Cierges or Chapelle St Louis, in the Basilica of Liesse Notre Dame, built 1134 in Flamboyant Gothic style by the Chevaliers d'Eppes, then rebuilt in 1384 and enlarged in 1480 and again in the 19th century, Liesse-Notre-Dame, Laon, Picardy, France. Pilgrims flock here to worship the Black Virgin, based on Ismeria, the Soudanese daughter of the sultan of Cairo El-Afdhal, who saved the lives of French knights during the Crusades, converted to christianity and married Robert d'Eppes, son of Guillaume II of France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0358.jpg
  • A terracotta pitcher with a handle, 14th century, from the excavations of 2009-10 led by Sebastien Ziegler, from the Latrines F288, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC155.jpg
  • The Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC169.jpg
  • Cobbled road leading to the Porte Saint Jean, or St John's Gate, built 1286-1306, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC186.jpg
  • Ramparts with the Tour Bouillon with its pedestrian entrance gate for the villagers, 13th century, seen through a gateway with steps, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC209.jpg
  • Ramparts and Tour Rouge or Red Tower in the distance, 13th century, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC211.jpg
  • Ramparts and Tour Rouge or Red Tower in the distance, 13th century, and the village below, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC213.jpg
  • The Porte Saint Pierre, or St Peter's Gate, 13th century, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, seen from within the castle, where St Joan of Arc is said to have entered at the town's surrender to the forces of King Charles VII, Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The Porte Saint Pierre was listed as a Historical Monument in 1886. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC231.JPG
  • Roof of the Tour du Roi or King's tower, 13th century, with a view over the town beyond, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC234.jpg
  • Francois Blary, teacher-researcher at the Universite de Picardie Jules Verne, laboratoire TRAME (Textes, Representations, Archeologie, Autorite et Memoires de líAntiquite a la Renaissance), in front of a large panel with an illustration of the town and castle of Chateau-Thierry, after a late 16th century drawing, in the education room of the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France.  Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC254.jpg
  • A terracotta pitcher with red painted decoration, a green and yellow lead glaze and small pinched feet, 12th century, from the excavations led by Sebastien Ziegler, from Fosse Depotoir F250, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC267.jpg
  • A glass phial, c. 13th century, from excavations before 1986 in the lower courtyard at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC283.jpg
  • A cameo in white glass with a blue glass back, with a carved effigy of a Christian woman, 10th - 11th century, from the 1988 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC302.jpg
  • A spoon made from copper alloy, 16th century, from excavations before 1996 at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC309.jpg
  • Stained glass window of St Jean-Baptiste de la Salle, 1945, showing the saint on the left and on the right, new clerics joining his order in front of the altar of Notre Dame de Liesse, in a chapel in the Basilica of Liesse Notre Dame, built 1134 in Flamboyant Gothic style by the Chevaliers d'Eppes, then rebuilt in 1384 and enlarged in 1480 and again in the 19th century, Liesse-Notre-Dame, Laon, Picardy, France. Pilgrims flock here to worship the Black Virgin, based on Ismeria, the Soudanese daughter of the sultan of Cairo El-Afdhal, who saved the lives of French knights during the Crusades, converted to christianity and married Robert d'Eppes, son of Guillaume II of France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0369.jpg
  • The Basilica of Liesse Notre Dame, <br />
built 1134 in Flamboyant Gothic style by the Chevaliers d'Eppes, then rebuilt in 1384 and enlarged in 1480 and again in the 19th century, Liesse-Notre-Dame, Laon, Picardy, France. Pilgrims flock here to worship the Black Virgin, based on Ismeria, the Soudanese daughter of the sultan of Cairo El-Afdhal, who saved the lives of French knights during the Crusades, converted to christianity and married Robert d'Eppes, son of Guillaume II of France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0364.jpg
  • Decorative detail from the High Altar, made 1610 in Italian Renaissance style, donated by Marie de Medici, wife of Henri IV, on the birth of Louis XIII, in the Basilica of Liesse Notre Dame, built 1134 in Flamboyant Gothic style by the Chevaliers d'Eppes, then rebuilt in 1384 and enlarged in 1480 and again in the 19th century, Liesse-Notre-Dame, Laon, Picardy, France. Pilgrims flock here to worship the Black Virgin, based on Ismeria, the Soudanese daughter of the sultan of Cairo El-Afdhal, who saved the lives of French knights during the Crusades, converted to christianity and married Robert d'Eppes, son of Guillaume II of France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0362.jpg
  • The Chapelle des Cierges or Chapelle St Louis, with statue of a nun and statue of St Louis, or Louis IX of France, 1214-70, with candles burning, in the Basilica of Liesse Notre Dame, built 1134 in Flamboyant Gothic style by the Chevaliers d'Eppes, then rebuilt in 1384 and enlarged in 1480 and again in the 19th century, Liesse-Notre-Dame, Laon, Picardy, France. Pilgrims flock here to worship the Black Virgin, based on Ismeria, the Soudanese daughter of the sultan of Cairo El-Afdhal, who saved the lives of French knights during the Crusades, converted to christianity and married Robert d'Eppes, son of Guillaume II of France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0356.jpg
  • High Altar, made 1610 in Italian Renaissance style, donated by Marie de Medici, wife of Henri IV, on the birth of Louis XIII, in the Basilica of Liesse Notre Dame, built 1134 in Flamboyant Gothic style by the Chevaliers d'Eppes, then rebuilt in 1384 and enlarged in 1480 and again in the 19th century, Liesse-Notre-Dame, Laon, Picardy, France. The statue of the Black Virgin and child stands in front of a fresco of the Pentecost, and above is a bas-relief of the Assumption of the Virgin. Pilgrims flock here to worship the Black Virgin, based on Ismeria, the Soudanese daughter of the sultan of Cairo El-Afdhal, who saved the lives of French knights during the Crusades, converted to christianity and married Robert d'Eppes, son of Guillaume II of France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0343.jpg
  • Statue of the Black Virgin, based on Ismeria, the Soudanese daughter of the sultan of Cairo El-Afdhal, who saved the lives of French knights during the Crusades, converted to christianity and married Robert d'Eppes, son of Guillaume II of France, on the High Altar, made 1610 in Italian Renaissance style, donated by Marie de Medici, wife of Henri IV, on the birth of Louis XIII, in the Basilica of Liesse Notre Dame, built 1134 in Flamboyant Gothic style by the Chevaliers d'Eppes, then rebuilt in 1384 and enlarged in 1480 and again in the 19th century, Liesse-Notre-Dame, Laon, Picardy, France. The statue of the Black Virgin and child stands in front of a fresco of the Pentecost. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0336.jpg
  • Bas-relief of the Assumption of the Virgin on the High Altar, made 1610 in Italian Renaissance style, donated by Marie de Medici, wife of Henri IV, on the birth of Louis XIII, in the Basilica of Liesse Notre Dame, built 1134 in Flamboyant Gothic style by the Chevaliers d'Eppes, then rebuilt in 1384 and enlarged in 1480 and again in the 19th century, Liesse-Notre-Dame, Laon, Picardy, France. Pilgrims flock here to worship the Black Virgin, based on Ismeria, the Soudanese daughter of the sultan of Cairo El-Afdhal, who saved the lives of French knights during the Crusades, converted to christianity and married Robert d'Eppes, son of Guillaume II of France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0332.jpg
  • The Basilica of Liesse Notre Dame, <br />
built 1134 in Flamboyant Gothic style by the Chevaliers d'Eppes, then rebuilt in 1384 and enlarged in 1480 and again in the 19th century, Liesse-Notre-Dame, Laon, Picardy, France. Pilgrims flock here to worship the Black Virgin, based on Ismeria, the Soudanese daughter of the sultan of Cairo El-Afdhal, who saved the lives of French knights during the Crusades, converted to christianity and married Robert d'Eppes, son of Guillaume II of France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0331.JPG
  • A terracotta jug with handle, narrow neck and pouring spout, 12th century, from the excavations of 2009-10 led by Sebastien Ziegler, from Fosse Depotoir F250, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC144.jpg
  • A terracotta jug with handle, narrow neck and pouring spout, 12th century, from the excavations of 2009-10 led by Sebastien Ziegler, from Fosse Depotoir F250, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC145.jpg
  • A terracotta cooking pot with no handle, 12th century, from the excavations of 2009-10 led by Sebastien Ziegler, from Fosse Depotoir F250, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC147.jpg
  • A terracotta pitcher with a handle, 14th century, from the excavations of 2009-10 led by Sebastien Ziegler, from the Latrines F288, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC157.jpg
  • Huge kitchen area to the North of the upper courtyard, with an open square where the cooking took place and behind a storeroom complex with a fishpond, 14th - 15th centuries, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC178.jpg
  • Ruined section of the Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC179.jpg
  • The lower courtyard, between the Porte Saint Jean or St John's Gate (in distance), built 1286-1306, and the dry moat, covering one hectare, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. From the 12th century until the 18th this area was used for housing, workshops and cellars and evidence of these buildings remain. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC183.jpg
  • Ruined section of the Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC196.jpg
  • The "medieval garden", with the rear view of the Porte Saint Pierre, or St Peter's Gate, 13th century, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, where St Joan of Arc is said to have entered at the town's surrender to the forces of King Charles VII, Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The Porte Saint Pierre was listed as a Historical Monument in 1886. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC198.jpg
  • The Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC220.JPG
  • Cannon slit in the ramparts under the Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (most of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC222.JPG
  • Ramparts and defensive tower, 13th century, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC227.jpg
  • Guardroom on the first floor of the Porte Saint Jean, or St John's Gate, built 1286-1306, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC237.jpg
  • Francois Blary, teacher-researcher at the Universite de Picardie Jules Verne, laboratoire TRAME (Textes, Representations, Archeologie, Autorite et Memoires de líAntiquite a la Renaissance), with a model of the medieval castle at Chateau-Thierry, photographed on site at Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC247.jpg
  • Francois Blary, teacher-researcher at the Universite de Picardie Jules Verne, laboratoire TRAME (Textes, Representations, Archeologie, Autorite et Memoires de líAntiquite a la Renaissance), in front of a large panel with an illustration of the town and castle of Chateau-Thierry, after a late 16th century drawing, in the education room of the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France.  Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC256.jpg
  • A terracotta cooking pot with no handle, 11th century, from the excavations of 1997 led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC269.jpg
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