manuel cohen

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  • The Roman agora or town square, built in the 2nd or 3rd century AD to replace the old agora, and the Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one. On the left, a Lycian tomb, and on the right, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC702.jpg
  • The Roman agora or town square, built in the 2nd or 3rd century AD to replace the old agora, and the Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one. On the right, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC677.jpg
  • The Roman agora or town square, built in the 2nd or 3rd century AD to replace the old agora, and the Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one. On the right, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC701.jpg
  • The Roman stadium seating 2500 people and the 150 long agora or market hall behind, in Tlos, a Lycian city in the Xanthos valley, Antalya, Turkey. These structures date from the 2nd century AD after an earthquake in 141 AD destroyed much of the city. Tlos was a major Lycian city from the 5th century BC, joining the Lycian Federation in the 2nd century BC. It was settled by the Greeks, Romans, Byzantines and finally the Ottoman Turks. Tlos has an agora, rock tombs and sarcophagi, a stadium, an acropolis, public bath, church and theatre, as well as the Ottoman residence of Ali Agha, governor of the region during the 19th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC734.jpg
  • Atrium of the House of the Labours of Hercules, 2nd century AD, named for a mosaic of Hercules' 12 trials. The house is palatial with 41 rooms covering 2000 sq m, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC073.jpg
  • Atrium of the House of the Labours of Hercules, 2nd century AD, named for a mosaic of Hercules' 12 trials. The house is palatial with 41 rooms covering 2000 sq m, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC074.jpg
  • Theatre, 1st century BC - 2nd century AD, on the Eastern slope of the acropolis, Aphrodisias, Aydin, Turkey. This white marble theatre was originally built in 27 BC and remodelled in the 2nd century AD. It was dedicated to Aphrodite and the people of the city by Julius Zoilos, a former slave of Octavian. It seated 7000 and was used in Roman times for gladiatorial spectacles. The stage building consisted of 6 vaulted dressing or storage rooms of which 4 opened into the corridor behind the proskene. The stage building wall had Greek inscriptions of important documents related to the history of the city such as letters of emperors or senatorial decrees. Aphrodisias was a small ancient Greek city in Caria near the modern-day town of Geyre. It was named after Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love, who had here her unique cult image, the Aphrodite of Aphrodisias. The city suffered major earthquakes in the 4th and 7th centuries which destroyed most of the ancient structures. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC492.jpg
  • Theatre, 1st century BC - 2nd century AD, on the Eastern slope of the acropolis, Aphrodisias, Aydin, Turkey. This white marble theatre was originally built in 27 BC and remodelled in the 2nd century AD. It was dedicated to Aphrodite and the people of the city by Julius Zoilos, a former slave of Octavian. It seated 7000 and was used in Roman times for gladiatorial spectacles. The stage building consisted of 6 vaulted dressing or storage rooms of which 4 opened into the corridor behind the proskene. The stage building wall had Greek inscriptions of important documents related to the history of the city such as letters of emperors or senatorial decrees. Aphrodisias was a small ancient Greek city in Caria near the modern-day town of Geyre. It was named after Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love, who had here her unique cult image, the Aphrodite of Aphrodisias. The city suffered major earthquakes in the 4th and 7th centuries which destroyed most of the ancient structures. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC491.jpg
  • Stage building of the Theatre, 1st century BC - 2nd century AD, on the Eastern slope of the acropolis, Aphrodisias, Aydin, Turkey. The stage is inscribed with the names of actors such as Homerites, Olympionikos and Asianikos. This white marble theatre was originally built in 27 BC and remodelled in the 2nd century AD. It was dedicated to Aphrodite and the people of the city by Julius Zoilos, a former slave of Octavian. It seated 7000 and was used in Roman times for gladiatorial spectacles. The stage building consisted of 6 vaulted dressing or storage rooms of which 4 opened into the corridor behind the proskene. The stage building wall had Greek inscriptions of important documents related to the history of the city such as letters of emperors or senatorial decrees. Aphrodisias was a small ancient Greek city in Caria near the modern-day town of Geyre. It was named after Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love, who had here her unique cult image, the Aphrodite of Aphrodisias. The city suffered major earthquakes in the 4th and 7th centuries which destroyed most of the ancient structures. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC495.jpg
  • Theatre, 1st century BC - 2nd century AD, on the Eastern slope of the acropolis, Aphrodisias, Aydin, Turkey. This white marble theatre was originally built in 27 BC and remodelled in the 2nd century AD. It was dedicated to Aphrodite and the people of the city by Julius Zoilos, a former slave of Octavian. It seated 7000 and was used in Roman times for gladiatorial spectacles. The stage building consisted of 6 vaulted dressing or storage rooms of which 4 opened into the corridor behind the proskene. The stage building wall had Greek inscriptions of important documents related to the history of the city such as letters of emperors or senatorial decrees. Aphrodisias was a small ancient Greek city in Caria near the modern-day town of Geyre. It was named after Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love, who had here her unique cult image, the Aphrodite of Aphrodisias. The city suffered major earthquakes in the 4th and 7th centuries which destroyed most of the ancient structures. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC496.jpg
  • A Roman bronze phalera, from a horse's harness, 2nd century AD, with a carved design of dolphins, from the 2011 excavations led by Sebastien Ziegler, at the rotunda in the Vaucrises Vicus gallo-roman quarter of the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC328.jpg
  • A Roman bronze phalera, from a horse's harness, 2nd century AD, with a carved design of dolphins, from the 2011 excavations led by Sebastien Ziegler, at the rotunda in the Vaucrises Vicus gallo-roman quarter of the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC326.jpg
  • A Roman bronze phalera, from a horse's harness, 2nd century AD, with a carved design of dolphins, from the 2011 excavations led by Sebastien Ziegler, at the rotunda in the Vaucrises Vicus gallo-roman quarter of the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC327.jpg
  • Stele with relief of a veiled woman praying, 2nd-3rd century AD, 1 of 15 found in 1991 buried in a garden in Qal’at al Bahrain, displayed in the Qal'at Al-Bahrain Site Museum, near Manama in Bahrain. These stelae may have been buried during the islamic period, or placed in graves during the Tylos phase, but their purpose remains unclear. The museum was opened in 2008, displaying artefacts of the history and archaeology of the Qal'at al-Bahrain, or Bahrain Fort or Portuguese Fort, built 6th century AD, once the capital of the Dilmun Civilisation. Qal'at al-Bahrain is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_BAHREIN_MC_165.jpg
  • Stele with relief of a man wearing a long cloak, 2nd-3rd century AD, 1 of 15 found in 1991 buried in a garden in Qal’at al Bahrain, displayed in the Qal'at Al-Bahrain Site Museum, near Manama in Bahrain. These stelae may have been buried during the islamic period, or placed in graves during the Tylos phase, but their purpose remains unclear. The museum was opened in 2008, displaying artefacts of the history and archaeology of the Qal'at al-Bahrain, or Bahrain Fort or Portuguese Fort, built 6th century AD, once the capital of the Dilmun Civilisation. Qal'at al-Bahrain is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_BAHREIN_MC_166.jpg
  • Stele with relief of a man wearing a long chasuble, possibly a Parthian priest from Western Iran, 2nd-3rd century AD, 1 of 15 found in 1991 buried in a garden in Qal’at al Bahrain, displayed in the Qal'at Al-Bahrain Site Museum, near Manama in Bahrain. These stelae may have been buried during the islamic period, or placed in graves during the Tylos phase, but their purpose remains unclear. The museum was opened in 2008, displaying artefacts of the history and archaeology of the Qal'at al-Bahrain, or Bahrain Fort or Portuguese Fort, built 6th century AD, once the capital of the Dilmun Civilisation. Qal'at al-Bahrain is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC19_BAHREIN_MC_168.jpg
  • Monumental Arch and Great Colonnade in the background, Palmyra. Syria. The Monumental Arch was  built under the reign of Septimius Severus (193 - 211 AD) and is one of the two porticoes at each end of the Great Colonnade, built during the 2nd century AD.
    LCSYRIA05034.JPG
  • Statue of Neptune, god of the sea and protector of navigators, detail, Gallo-Roman, marble, late 2nd century AD with inscription added in 3rd century AD dedicating it to the Renunclarii, an association of boat traders, from excavations in the river Rhone, in the Musee de l'Arles Antique, an archaeological museum built 1995 by Henri Ciriani and extended in 2013, at Arles, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, France. The museum is built on the ruins of the Roman Circus, and houses many artefacts from the town's Gallo-Roman history from 1st century BC. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1148.jpg
  • Statue of Neptune, god of the sea and protector of navigators, detail, Gallo-Roman, marble, late 2nd century AD with inscription added in 3rd century AD dedicating it to the Renunclarii, an association of boat traders, from excavations in the river Rhone, in the Musee de l'Arles Antique, an archaeological museum built 1995 by Henri Ciriani and extended in 2013, at Arles, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, France. The museum is built on the ruins of the Roman Circus, and houses many artefacts from the town's Gallo-Roman history from 1st century BC. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1149.jpg
  • Statue of Neptune, god of the sea and protector of navigators, Gallo-Roman, marble, late 2nd century AD with inscription added in 3rd century AD dedicating it to the Renunclarii, an association of boat traders, from excavations in the river Rhone, in the Musee de l'Arles Antique, an archaeological museum built 1995 by Henri Ciriani and extended in 2013, at Arles, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, France. The museum is built on the ruins of the Roman Circus, and houses many artefacts from the town's Gallo-Roman history from 1st century BC. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1229.jpg
  • Atlant, a figure of Atlas used as an architectural support, from House G, 2nd - 3rd century AD, Roman, from the Museum Of Apollonia near the Ardenica monastery in Fier, Albania. The museum was opened in 1958 to display artefacts found at the nearby Greek Illyrian archaeological site of Apollonia. Apollonia was an ancient Greek city in Illyria, founded in 588 BC by Greek colonists from Corfu and Corinth. It flourished in the Roman period and declined from the 3rd century AD when its harbour was silted up due to an earthquake. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Albania_MC336.jpg
  • View of the Decumanus Maximus or Main Street with Portico on the left, Ionic columns of the Forum on the right and the Tingis Gate, 169 AD, in the distance to the far right, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC178.jpg
  • General view of Volubilis on a fertile plain in Northern Morocco, with the Triumphal Arch of Caracalla, 217 AD, on the right and the Portico leading to shops on the main street or Decumanus Maximus on the left. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC051.jpg
  • General view of Volubilis on a fertile plain in Northern Morocco, with the Triumphal Arch of Caracalla, 217 AD, on the left and the Portico leading to shops on the main street or Decumanus Maximus on the right. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC053.jpg
  • The Baths of Gallienus, the House of the Oil Press and the Basilica, 217 AD, in the distance, at Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC058.jpg
  • General view of Volubilis on a fertile plain in Northern Morocco, seen from the House of Nereids, with the Triumphal Arch of Caracalla, 217 AD, and the Portico, leading to shops on the main street or Decumanus Maximus in the distance. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC052.jpg
  • Relief of flowers and a winged sea creature at the Nymphaeum of Septimius Severus, 2nd century AD, a monumental fountain dedicated to the goddess Artemis and to the emperor, on the edge of the southern baths, in Perga, an ancient Pamphylian city ruled by the Persians, Greeks and Romans, in Antalya, Turkey. Behind is the agora, an open public square surrounded by colonnades and shops, 4th century AD. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_005.jpg
  • Marble relief on a shop surrounding the agora, an open public square surrounded by colonnades and shops, 4th century AD, in Perga, an ancient Pamphylian city ruled by the Persians, Greeks and Romans, in Antalya, Turkey. Behind is Hadrian's Gate, a monumental gate built during the reign of the Emperor Hadrian in the 2nd century AD. An inscription over the middle arch states that the Plancha Magna dedicated the gate to the city. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_037.jpg
  • Inside the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, with one of its arched tunnel entrances, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC696.jpg
  • Entrance to the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC698.jpg
  • Inside the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, with one of its arched tunnel entrances, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC699.jpg
  • The Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD with a capacity of 2200, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, and on the right, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC671.jpg
  • Entrance to the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC668.jpg
  • Inside the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, with one of its arched tunnel entrances, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC649.jpg
  • The Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb(left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC645.jpg
  • Inside the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, with one of its arched tunnel entrances, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC646.jpg
  • Mosaic of a mask in the sea, Roman, 2nd - 3rd century AD, discovered in 1959 in the Salon de los Mosaicos in a wealthy Roman house in the Plaza de la Corredera, in the Alcazar de los Reyes Cristianos or Palace of the Catholic Kings, in Cordoba, Andalusia, Southern Spain. The alcazar was rebuilt during the Umayyad Caliphate in the 10th century and used as a royal fortress by the Moors and the Christians, as a base for the Spanish Inquisition, and as a prison. The alcazar is a national monument of Spain, and the historic centre of Cordoba is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC346.jpg
  • The Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD with a capacity of 2200, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, with remains of the stage building, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC711.jpg
  • The Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, and on the right, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC700.jpg
  • The Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, and on the right, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. In the foreground is another Lycian tomb. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC703.jpg
  • Inside the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, with one of its arched tunnel entrances, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC695.jpg
  • Inside the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, with one of its arched tunnel entrances, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC697.jpg
  • The Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD with a capacity of 2200, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, with remains of the stage building, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC674.jpg
  • Entrance to the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC669.jpg
  • Entrance to the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC660.jpg
  • Inside the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, with one of its arched tunnel entrances, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC654.jpg
  • The Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD with a capacity of 2200, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, with remains of the stage building, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC648.jpg
  • Inside the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, with one of its arched tunnel entrances, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC651.jpg
  • Inside the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, with one of its arched tunnel entrances, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC650.jpg
  • The Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD with a capacity of 2200, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, with remains of the stage building, and behind, the Greek Harpy monument (right), 470-460 BC, a 7.5m high pillar tomb with burial chamber on top with relief carvings of sirens taking the souls of the dead to heaven, and the unusual Lycian pillar tomb (left), thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC647.jpg
  • Giant head of Medusa, 2nd century AD, from the Temple of Apollo, 4th century BC, Didyma, Aydin, Turkey. This giant Medusa head at Didyma was formerly part of a frieze on the architrave, possibly sculpted by Aphrodisias. The Gorgons were 3 sisters (Medusa, Stheno and Euryale) with snakes for hair, who could turn people to stone. They are patrons of secrecy, protecting the mystery of the oracle, and their faces were here used as a charm against illness. Didyma was an ancient Greek sanctuary on the coast of Ionia near Miletus, consisting of a temple complex and the oracle of Apollo, or Didymaion, who was visited by pilgrims from across the Greek world. The earliest temple ruins found here date to the 8th century BC but Didyma's heyday lasted throughout the Hellenistic age. It was approached along a 17km Sacred Way from Miletus and is the largest sanctuary in Western Turkey. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC224.jpg
  • Giant head of Medusa, 2nd century AD, from the Temple of Apollo, 4th century BC, Didyma, Aydin, Turkey. This giant Medusa head at Didyma was formerly part of a frieze on the architrave, possibly sculpted by Aphrodisias. The Gorgons were 3 sisters (Medusa, Stheno and Euryale) with snakes for hair, who could turn people to stone. They are patrons of secrecy, protecting the mystery of the oracle, and their faces were here used as a charm against illness. Didyma was an ancient Greek sanctuary on the coast of Ionia near Miletus, consisting of a temple complex and the oracle of Apollo, or Didymaion, who was visited by pilgrims from across the Greek world. The earliest temple ruins found here date to the 8th century BC but Didyma's heyday lasted throughout the Hellenistic age. It was approached along a 17km Sacred Way from Miletus and is the largest sanctuary in Western Turkey. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC226.jpg
  • Altar dedicated to Minerva, Roman goddess of wisdom and war, wearing helmet and holding shield and spear, Gallo-Roman, late 2nd century - early 3rd century AD, from Courthezon, in the Musee Lapidaire, or Lapidary Museum, in Avignon, Provence-Alpes-Cote-d'Azur, France. The museum houses archaeological artefacts from the Collection Archeologique de la Fondation Calvet, from the Musee Calvet. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1335.jpg
  • Head of a young boy from a wealthy family, Gallo-Roman, marble, late 2nd - late 3rd century AD, excavated from the Arles ramparts in 1858, in the Musee de l'Arles Antique, an archaeological museum built 1995 by Henri Ciriani and extended in 2013, at Arles, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, France. The museum is built on the ruins of the Roman Circus, and houses many artefacts from the town's Gallo-Roman history from 1st century BC. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1193.jpg
  • Head of Mars, Roman god of war, worshipped by the Roman legions, Gallo-Roman, depicted as an old man with beard and helmet, marble, late 2nd - early 3rd century AD, excavated from the river Rhone, in the Musee de l'Arles Antique, an archaeological museum built 1995 by Henri Ciriani and extended in 2013, at Arles, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, France. The museum is built on the ruins of the Roman Circus, and houses many artefacts from the town's Gallo-Roman history from 1st century BC. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1195.jpg
  • Head of Mithras, Indo-Iranian god of light worshipped by the Mithraic Cult, Gallo-Roman, wearing a Phrygian cap, late 2nd - early 3rd century AD, in the Musee de l'Arles Antique, an archaeological museum built 1995 by Henri Ciriani and extended in 2013, at Arles, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, France. The museum is built on the ruins of the Roman Circus, and houses many artefacts from the town's Gallo-Roman history from 1st century BC. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1200.JPG
  • Sarcophagus of Psyche, Gallo-Roman, with relief of a winged woman being led by a man holding a basket of lowers, representing the soul of the dead being led to the afterlife, marble, late 2nd - early 3rd century AD, excavated at the Alyscamps necropolis at Arles, in the Musee de l'Arles Antique, an archaeological museum built 1995 by Henri Ciriani and extended in 2013, at Arles, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, France. The museum is built on the ruins of the Roman Circus, and houses many artefacts from the town's Gallo-Roman history from 1st century BC. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1227.jpg
  • Craftsman's tools, Gallo-Roman relief of chisel, compasses, adze, plumb line, square and mallet, from a funerary monument, 2nd - 3rd century AD, in the Musee de l'Arles Antique, an archaeological museum built 1995 by Henri Ciriani and extended in 2013, at Arles, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, France. The museum is built on the ruins of the Roman Circus, and houses many artefacts from the town's Gallo-Roman history from 1st century BC. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1232.jpg
  • Nymphaeum (left), basilica (right), a large rectangular meeting hall, and agora or main square (front), at Aspendos, an ancient Greco-Roman city in Antalya Province, Turkey. The Roman nymphaeum, built 2nd - 3rd century AD, a monument consecrated to water nymphs, has 2 storeys with 5 niches in each, and previously was fronted by an Ionic colonnade. Although settled before 1000 BC, Aspendos grew under the Greeks and subsequently the Persians and Romans, before declining in importance from the 4th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_079.jpg
  • Nymphaeum (left), basilica (right), a large rectangular meeting hall, and agora or main square (front), at Aspendos, an ancient Greco-Roman city in Antalya Province, Turkey. The Roman nymphaeum, built 2nd - 3rd century AD, a monument consecrated to water nymphs, has 2 storeys with 5 niches in each, and previously was fronted by an Ionic colonnade. Although settled before 1000 BC, Aspendos grew under the Greeks and subsequently the Persians and Romans, before declining in importance from the 4th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_080.jpg
  • Nymphaeum (left), basilica (right), a large rectangular meeting hall, and agora or main square (front), at Aspendos, an ancient Greco-Roman city in Antalya Province, Turkey. The Roman nymphaeum, built 2nd - 3rd century AD, a monument consecrated to water nymphs, has 2 storeys with 5 niches in each, and previously was fronted by an Ionic colonnade. Although settled before 1000 BC, Aspendos grew under the Greeks and subsequently the Persians and Romans, before declining in importance from the 4th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_081.jpg
  • Nymphaeum (left) and basilica, a large rectangular meeting hall  (right), at Aspendos, an ancient Greco-Roman city in Antalya Province, Turkey. The Roman nymphaeum, built 2nd - 3rd century AD, a monument consecrated to water nymphs, has 2 storeys with 5 niches in each, and previously was fronted by an Ionic colonnade. Although settled before 1000 BC, Aspendos grew under the Greeks and subsequently the Persians and Romans, before declining in importance from the 4th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_083.jpg
  • Carved frieze in the Nymphaeum, Roman, 2nd - 3rd century AD, monument consecrated to water nymphs, at Aspendos, an ancient Greco-Roman city in Antalya Province, Turkey. The nymphaeum has 2 storeys with 5 niches in each, and previously was fronted by an Ionic colonnade. Although settled before 1000 BC, Aspendos grew under the Greeks and subsequently the Persians and Romans, before declining in importance from the 4th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_087.jpg
  • Carved frieze in the Nymphaeum, Roman, 2nd - 3rd century AD, monument consecrated to water nymphs, at Aspendos, an ancient Greco-Roman city in Antalya Province, Turkey. The nymphaeum has 2 storeys with 5 niches in each, and previously was fronted by an Ionic colonnade. Although settled before 1000 BC, Aspendos grew under the Greeks and subsequently the Persians and Romans, before declining in importance from the 4th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_088.jpg
  • Nymphaeum (left), basilica (right), a large rectangular meeting hall, and agora or main square (front), at Aspendos, an ancient Greco-Roman city in Antalya Province, Turkey. The Roman nymphaeum, built 2nd - 3rd century AD, a monument consecrated to water nymphs, has 2 storeys with 5 niches in each, and previously was fronted by an Ionic colonnade. Although settled before 1000 BC, Aspendos grew under the Greeks and subsequently the Persians and Romans, before declining in importance from the 4th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_100.jpg
  • Stage of the Theatre, erected 39-27 BC, on the Eastern slope of the acropolis, Aphrodisias, Aydin, Turkey. The stage is inscribed with the names of actors such as Homerites, Olympionikos and Asianikos. This white marble theatre was originally built in 27 BC and remodelled in the 2nd century AD. It was dedicated to Aphrodite and the people of the city by Julius Zoilos, a former slave of Octavian. It seated 7000 and was used in Roman times for gladiatorial spectacles. The stage building consisted of 6 vaulted dressing or storage rooms of which 4 opened into the corridor behind the proskene. The stage building wall had Greek inscriptions of important documents related to the history of the city such as letters of emperors or senatorial decrees. Aphrodisias was a small ancient Greek city in Caria near the modern-day town of Geyre. It was named after Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love, who had here her unique cult image, the Aphrodite of Aphrodisias. The city suffered major earthquakes in the 4th and 7th centuries which destroyed most of the ancient structures. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC494.jpg
  • Head of Mars, Roman god of war, worshipped by the Roman legions, Gallo-Roman, depicted as an old man with beard and helmet, marble, late 2nd - early 3rd century AD, excavated from the river Rhone, in the Musee de l'Arles Antique, an archaeological museum built 1995 by Henri Ciriani and extended in 2013, at Arles, Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur, France. The museum is built on the ruins of the Roman Circus, and houses many artefacts from the town's Gallo-Roman history from 1st century BC. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1196.jpg
  • Nymphaeum (left), basilica (right), a large rectangular meeting hall, and agora or main square (front), at Aspendos, an ancient Greco-Roman city in Antalya Province, Turkey. The Roman nymphaeum, built 2nd - 3rd century AD, a monument consecrated to water nymphs, has 2 storeys with 5 niches in each, and previously was fronted by an Ionic colonnade. Although settled before 1000 BC, Aspendos grew under the Greeks and subsequently the Persians and Romans, before declining in importance from the 4th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_096.jpg
  • Nymphaeum (left), basilica (right), a large rectangular meeting hall, and agora or main square (front), at Aspendos, an ancient Greco-Roman city in Antalya Province, Turkey. The Roman nymphaeum, built 2nd - 3rd century AD, a monument consecrated to water nymphs, has 2 storeys with 5 niches in each, and previously was fronted by an Ionic colonnade. Although settled before 1000 BC, Aspendos grew under the Greeks and subsequently the Persians and Romans, before declining in importance from the 4th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_TURKEY_MC_097.jpg
  • Mercury - Corax, Roman marble sculpture of the god seated on a rock with a clam and lyre, 2nd century AD, from Casa del Mitreo, a large Roman house built late 1st - early 2nd century AD, in Emerita Augusta, in the Museo Nacional de Arte Romano, or National Museum of Roman Art, designed by Rafael Moneo and built 1981-86, housing Roman collections from the colony of Emerita Augusta, founded in 25 BC by Emperor Augustus, now modern-day Merida, Extremadura, Spain. The house consists of 3 peristyles or courtyards with columns, and is decorated with mosaics and frescoes. The Roman remains in Merida are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_SPAIN_MC_1057.jpg
  • Bouleuterion or Odeon, 2nd - 3rd century AD, Aphrodisias, Aydin, Turkey. The Bouleuterion or Council House was like a town hall, serving as the meeting place of the city's administrative council or Boule, and as a multi-purpose indoor theatre, concert hall and assembly space. It is a semi-circular building with auditorium and stage, seating 1750. The additional 12 rows of seating and vaulted roof collapsed in an earthquake in the 4th century. In the 5th century it was altered into a palaestra. Aphrodisias was a small ancient Greek city in Caria near the modern-day town of Geyre. It was named after Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love, who had here her unique cult image, the Aphrodite of Aphrodisias. The city suffered major earthquakes in the 4th and 7th centuries which destroyed most of the ancient structures. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC482.jpg
  • Bust of Pyrrhus, 319-272 BC, king of Epirus, Roman head from 2nd century AD and later bust from 17th century, in marble and onyx, from the Chateau de Richelieu, in the Musee des Beaux Arts de Tours, a fine arts museum founded 1801, and housed since 1910 in the archbishop's palace on the Place Francois Sicard in Tours, Indre-et-Loire, France. The museum houses paintings from 14th - 21st centuries, sculpture, prints, ceramics and furniture, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1516.jpg
  • Isis - Perses, a goddess of Egyptian origin, Roman marble statue, 2nd century AD, from Casa del Mitreo, a large Roman house built late 1st - early 2nd century AD, in Emerita Augusta, in the Museo Nacional de Arte Romano, or National Museum of Roman Art, designed by Rafael Moneo and built 1981-86, housing Roman collections from the colony of Emerita Augusta, founded in 25 BC by Emperor Augustus, now modern-day Merida, Extremadura, Spain. The house consists of 3 peristyles or courtyards with columns, and is decorated with mosaics and frescoes. The Roman remains in Merida are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_SPAIN_MC_1055.jpg
  • Bouleuterion or Odeon, 2nd - 3rd century AD, Aphrodisias, Aydin, Turkey. The Bouleuterion or Council House was like a town hall, serving as the meeting place of the city's administrative council or Boule, and as a multi-purpose indoor theatre, concert hall and assembly space. It is a semi-circular building with auditorium and stage, seating 1750. The additional 12 rows of seating and vaulted roof collapsed in an earthquake in the 4th century. In the 5th century it was altered into a palaestra. Aphrodisias was a small ancient Greek city in Caria near the modern-day town of Geyre. It was named after Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love, who had here her unique cult image, the Aphrodite of Aphrodisias. The city suffered major earthquakes in the 4th and 7th centuries which destroyed most of the ancient structures. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC480.jpg
  • Bouleuterion or Odeon, 2nd - 3rd century AD, Aphrodisias, Aydin, Turkey. The Bouleuterion or Council House was like a town hall, serving as the meeting place of the city's administrative council or Boule, and as a multi-purpose indoor theatre, concert hall and assembly space. It is a semi-circular building with auditorium and stage, seating 1750. The additional 12 rows of seating and vaulted roof collapsed in an earthquake in the 4th century. In the 5th century it was altered into a palaestra. Aphrodisias was a small ancient Greek city in Caria near the modern-day town of Geyre. It was named after Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love, who had here her unique cult image, the Aphrodite of Aphrodisias. The city suffered major earthquakes in the 4th and 7th centuries which destroyed most of the ancient structures. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC481.jpg
  • Lion's paw foot on a seat in the Bouleuterion or Odeon, 2nd - 3rd century AD, Aphrodisias, Aydin, Turkey. The Bouleuterion or Council House was like a town hall, serving as the meeting place of the city's administrative council or Boule, and as a multi-purpose indoor theatre, concert hall and assembly space. It is a semi-circular building with auditorium and stage, seating 1750. The additional 12 rows of seating and vaulted roof collapsed in an earthquake in the 4th century. In the 5th century it was altered into a palaestra. Aphrodisias was a small ancient Greek city in Caria near the modern-day town of Geyre. It was named after Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love, who had here her unique cult image, the Aphrodite of Aphrodisias. The city suffered major earthquakes in the 4th and 7th centuries which destroyed most of the ancient structures. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC483.JPG
  • Diana, goddess of hunting, restored Roman statue with original head and torso reworked from the Greek, 2nd - 3rd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0575.jpg
  • The Tingis Gate, built 169 AD, forming the North East entrance to the city at the Tangiers Gate at the end of the Decumanus Maximus, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC101.jpg
  • Painting of a male figure and garlands, fresco in room 28, 2nd century AD, Terme dei Sette Sapienti (Baths of the Seven Sages), Ostia Antica, Italy. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCITALY12_MC405.jpg
  • Painting of a male figure and garlands, fresco in room 28, 2nd century AD, Terme dei Sette Sapienti (Baths of the Seven Sages), Ostia Antica, Italy. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCITALY12_MC404.jpg
  • Diana, goddess of hunting, restored Roman statue with original head and torso reworked from the Greek, 2nd - 3rd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0628.jpg
  • Manumissions, inscriptions recording the freeing of slaves in honour of the god Asclepius, in the parados or side entrance of the Roman theatre, 2nd century AD, built over an earlier 4th century BC Greek theatre, Butrint, Chaonia, Albania. Butrint was founded by the Greek Chaonian tribe and was a port throughout Hellenistic and Roman times, when it was known as Buthrotum. It was ruled by the Byzantines and the Venetians and finally abandoned in the Middle Ages. The ruins at Butrint were listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Albania_MC285.jpg
  • The Tingis Gate, built 169 AD, forming the North East entrance to the city at the Tangiers Gate at the end of the Decumanus Maximus, Volubilis, Northern Morocco. Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BC by the Phoenicians and was a Roman settlement from the 1st century AD. Volubilis was a thriving Roman olive growing town until 280 AD and was settled until the 11th century. The buildings were largely destroyed by an earthquake in the 18th century and have since been excavated and partly restored. Volubilis was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1997. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC102.jpg
  • Painting of a male figure and garlands, fresco in room 28, 2nd century AD, Terme dei Sette Sapienti (Baths of the Seven Sages), Ostia Antica, Italy. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCITALY12_MC403.jpg
  • Second Roman Cistern, 2nd century AD, Bosra, Syria
    LCSYRIA05041.jpg
  • Diana, goddess of hunting, restored Roman statue with original head and torso reworked from the Greek, 2nd - 3rd century AD, in Lugdunum Museum, an archaeology museum housing Celtic, Roman and pre-Roman artefacts, designed by Bernard Zehrfuss and opened 1975, on the Roman site of Lugdunum in Lyon, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France. The Roman city of Lugdunum was founded in 43 BC by Lucius Munatius Plancus on an existing Gallic site, now part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_0629.jpg
  • Sculpted detail on the steps of the Hellenistic theatre, 4th century BC, later enlarged by the Romans in the 2nd century AD, Miletus, Aydin, Turkey. The new building under Emperor Trajan seated 25,000 and a third floor was added to the stage building, which was decorated with columns and hunting scenes with Eros. In the centre of the first two rows, four columns designated a special box for the emperors. The theatre was situated on the edge of the harbour. Miletus was an Ancient Greek city on the Western coast of Anatolia. Although settlement began here millennia ago, its heyday was in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The city was finally abandoned in the Ottoman era when the harbours silted up. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC413.jpg
  • Roman theatre built by emperor Hadrian, 2nd century AD, and completed under Antoninus Pius, seating 3,000, at Heraclea Lyncestis, a Greek settlement founded 4th century BC by Philip II of Macedon, near Bitola, North Macedonia. The town flourished in the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine eras. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_MACEDONIA_MC_057.jpg
  • Statue of Athena, Greek goddess of wisdom and war, detail, wearing a peplos tunic with head of Medusa and a plumed Corinthian helmet, Parthenos type, Roman copy 2nd century AD of a Greek original from 3rd century BC, from Athens, in the Musee Lapidaire, or Lapidary Museum, in Avignon, Provence-Alpes-Cote-d'Azur, France. The museum houses archaeological artefacts from the Collection Archeologique de la Fondation Calvet, from the Musee Calvet. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1309.jpg
  • Proscenium and scena of the Greek Theatre, built 3rd century BC, in Taormina, Messina, Sicily, Italy. Although originally and typically Greek, used for theatre and music performances, the theatre was remodelled in the 2nd century AD by the Romans and used for games and gladiatorial contests. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_385.jpg
  • Proscenium and scena of the Greek Theatre, built 3rd century BC, in Taormina, Messina, Sicily, Italy. In the distance is Mt Etna. Although originally and typically Greek, used for theatre and music performances, the theatre was remodelled in the 2nd century AD by the Romans and used for games and gladiatorial contests. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_382.jpg
  • Greek Theatre, built 3rd century BC, in Taormina, Messina, Sicily, Italy. Although originally and typically Greek, used for theatre and music performances, the theatre was remodelled in the 2nd century AD by the Romans and used for games and gladiatorial contests. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_379.jpg
  • Greek Theatre, built 3rd century BC, in Taormina, Messina, Sicily, Italy. Although originally and typically Greek, used for theatre and music performances, the theatre was remodelled in the 2nd century AD by the Romans and used for games and gladiatorial contests. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_378.jpg
  • Greek Theatre, built 3rd century BC, in Taormina, Messina, Sicily, Italy. In the distance is Mt Etna. Although originally and typically Greek, used for theatre and music performances, the theatre was remodelled in the 2nd century AD by the Romans and used for games and gladiatorial contests. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_372.jpg
  • Looking through the entrance to the Roman Theatre, dating from the 2nd century AD, built on the same site as an earlier Hellenistic one, and in the distance, the unusual Lycian pillar tomb, thought to date from the 4th century BC, a Lycian sarcophagus on top of a short pillar tomb, Xanthos, Antalya, Turkey. Xanthos was a centre of culture and commerce for the Lycians, and later for the Persians, Greeks and Romans, and was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC653.jpg
  • The Hellenistic theatre, 4th century BC, later enlarged by the Romans in the 2nd century AD, Miletus, Aydin, Turkey. The new building under Emperor Trajan seated 25,000 and a third floor was added to the stage building, which was decorated with columns and hunting scenes with Eros. In the centre of the first two rows, four columns designated a special box for the emperors. The theatre was situated on the edge of the harbour. Miletus was an Ancient Greek city on the Western coast of Anatolia. Although settlement began here millennia ago, its heyday was in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The city was finally abandoned in the Ottoman era when the harbours silted up. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC434.jpg
  • The Hellenistic theatre, 4th century BC, later enlarged by the Romans in the 2nd century AD, Miletus, Aydin, Turkey. The new building under Emperor Trajan seated 25,000 and a third floor was added to the stage building, which was decorated with columns and hunting scenes with Eros. In the centre of the first two rows, four columns designated a special box for the emperors. The theatre was situated on the edge of the harbour. Miletus was an Ancient Greek city on the Western coast of Anatolia. Although settlement began here millennia ago, its heyday was in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The city was finally abandoned in the Ottoman era when the harbours silted up. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC435.jpg
  • The Hellenistic theatre, 4th century BC, later enlarged by the Romans in the 2nd century AD, Miletus, Aydin, Turkey. The new building under Emperor Trajan seated 25,000 and a third floor was added to the stage building, which was decorated with columns and hunting scenes with Eros. In the centre of the first two rows, four columns designated a special box for the emperors. The theatre was situated on the edge of the harbour. Miletus was an Ancient Greek city on the Western coast of Anatolia. Although settlement began here millennia ago, its heyday was in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The city was finally abandoned in the Ottoman era when the harbours silted up. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC422.jpg
  • Carved griffins on a capital from the Hellenistic theatre, 4th century BC, later enlarged by the Romans in the 2nd century AD, Miletus, Aydin, Turkey. The new building under Emperor Trajan seated 25,000 and a third floor was added to the stage building, which was decorated with columns and hunting scenes with Eros. In the centre of the first two rows, four columns designated a special box for the emperors. The theatre was situated on the edge of the harbour. Miletus was an Ancient Greek city on the Western coast of Anatolia. Although settlement began here millennia ago, its heyday was in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The city was finally abandoned in the Ottoman era when the harbours silted up. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC423.jpg
  • Carved griffin on a capital from the Hellenistic theatre, 4th century BC, later enlarged by the Romans in the 2nd century AD, Miletus, Aydin, Turkey. The new building under Emperor Trajan seated 25,000 and a third floor was added to the stage building, which was decorated with columns and hunting scenes with Eros. In the centre of the first two rows, four columns designated a special box for the emperors. The theatre was situated on the edge of the harbour. Miletus was an Ancient Greek city on the Western coast of Anatolia. Although settlement began here millennia ago, its heyday was in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The city was finally abandoned in the Ottoman era when the harbours silted up. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_Turkey_MC424.jpg
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