manuel cohen

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  • Foundations of the Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (left), supporting wall of the 15th century drawbridge (centre) and wall of the Thibaud Grande Poterie or pottery works, 13th century (right), seen from the moat, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC221.jpg
  • The Vienna bedroom on the first floor of the square keep, 12th - 13th century, in the Chateau de Chateauneuf, or Chateauneuf-en-Auxois, a 12th and 15th century castle, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. The terracotta floor tiles date to the 15th century, and the wooden panelled and painted alcove with wardrobe and washroom were installed by Charles I in the late 17th century. The decor of gypsum plaster imitating marble is 18th century. The portraits are of Charles I of Vienna and his wife Marguerite Fauche of Domprei. Originally built in 1132 by Jean de Chaudenay, the castle was modified from a medieval fortress to a residence from 1457 under Philippe le Bon, Duc de Bourgogne, or Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, who gave the castle to his advisor Philippe Pot. The castle sits on an outcrop overlooking the valley of the Canal de Bourgogne and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0304.jpg
  • The Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), seen through the trees from the Porte Saint Jean or St John's Gate, 13th century, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC342.jpg
  • The Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC169.jpg
  • The Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC168.jpg
  • Ramparts and the 12th century Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC182.jpg
  • The Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC181.jpg
  • The Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC220.JPG
  • Chimney on the upper part of the Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), on a misty day at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC170.jpg
  • Ruined section of the Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC179.jpg
  • The Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC180.jpg
  • Ruined section of the Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (the rest of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC196.jpg
  • Cannon slit in the ramparts under the Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built in the 12th century under Thibaud II count of Champagne (most of the tower was destroyed in the 15th century), at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC222.JPG
  • Chapel of the Priory Church, originally built in the 12th century and rebuilt in the 14th century after an earthquake, with 500 year-old alabaster carvings of biblical scenes and a 15th century granite Lantern Cross, on St Michael's Mount, a tidal island in Mount's Bay, Cornwall, England, the site of a 12th century Benedictine monastery and 14th century castle. The island is managed by the National Trust but owned by the St Aubyn family. According to legend, the Mount is the site of a battle between King Arthur and a giant. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ENGLAND_MC_052.JPG
  • The Chateau de Chateauneuf, or Chateauneuf-en-Auxois, a 12th and 15th century castle, Chateauneuf, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. Originally built in 1132 by Jean de Chaudenay, the castle was modified from a medieval fortress to a residence from 1457 under Philippe le Bon, Duc de Bourgogne, or Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, who gave the castle to his advisor Philippe Pot. The castle sits on an outcrop overlooking the valley of the Canal de Bourgogne, and consists of the 12th century keep, 14th century curtain walls with 5 towers built during the Hundred Years War, and later 15th century chapel and courtyard in Gothic style. The chateau and village are listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0301.jpg
  • The Chateau de Chateauneuf, or Chateauneuf-en-Auxois, a 12th and 15th century castle, with the village of Chateauneuf to the left and church to the right, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. Originally built in 1132 by Jean de Chaudenay, the castle was modified from a medieval fortress to a residence from 1457 under Philippe le Bon, Duc de Bourgogne, or Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, who gave the castle to his advisor Philippe Pot. The castle sits on an outcrop overlooking the valley of the Canal de Bourgogne, and consists of the 12th century keep, 14th century curtain walls with 5 towers built during the Hundred Years War, and later 15th century chapel and courtyard in Gothic style. The chateau and village are listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0297.jpg
  • The lower courtyard, between the Porte Saint Jean or St John's Gate (in distance), built 1286-1306, and the dry moat, covering one hectare, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. From the 12th century until the 18th this area was used for housing, workshops and cellars and evidence of these buildings remain. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC183.jpg
  • The lower courtyard, between the Porte Saint Jean or St John's Gate (seen here), built 1286-1306, and the dry moat, covering one hectare, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. From the 12th century until the 18th this area was used for housing, workshops and cellars and evidence of these buildings remain. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC184.jpg
  • Ceiling of Gothic choir, 15th century, with tracery and high columns, and High Altarpiece, 18th century, by Sabatini, with statue of the Virgen de la Paz, 12th century, in the centre, Segovia Cathedral, (Catedral de Segovia, Catedral de Santa Maria), 1525-77, by Juan Gil de Hontanon (1480-1526), and continued by his son Rodrigo Gil de Hontanon (1500-1577), Segovia, Castile and Leon, Spain. Last Gothic Cathedral in Spain, commissioned by Carlos V (1500-58), after an earlier cathedral was damaged in the Revolt of the Comuneros, 1520. Cathedral consecrated, 1768. Ground plan has three naves surrounded by chapels. The interior is lit by Flemish windows, 16th-17th century, and centres on Gothic choir (15th century). Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN11_MC234.jpg
  • The Chateau de Chateauneuf, or Chateauneuf-en-Auxois, a 12th and 15th century castle, Chateauneuf, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. Originally built in 1132 by Jean de Chaudenay, the castle was modified from a medieval fortress to a residence from 1457 under Philippe le Bon, Duc de Bourgogne, or Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, who gave the castle to his advisor Philippe Pot. The castle sits on an outcrop overlooking the valley of the Canal de Bourgogne, and consists of the 12th century keep, 14th century curtain walls with 5 towers built during the Hundred Years War, and later 15th century chapel and courtyard in Gothic style. The chateau and village are listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0300.jpg
  • The Chateau de Chateauneuf, or Chateauneuf-en-Auxois, a 12th and 15th century castle, with the church and village (right), Chateauneuf, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. Originally built in 1132 by Jean de Chaudenay, the castle was modified from a medieval fortress to a residence from 1457 under Philippe le Bon, Duc de Bourgogne, or Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, who gave the castle to his advisor Philippe Pot. The castle sits on an outcrop overlooking the valley of the Canal de Bourgogne, and consists of the 12th century keep, 14th century curtain walls with 5 towers built during the Hundred Years War, and later 15th century chapel and courtyard in Gothic style. The chateau and village are listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0307.jpg
  • The Chateau de Chateauneuf, or Chateauneuf-en-Auxois, a 12th and 15th century castle, with the village of Chateauneuf to the left and church to the right, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. Originally built in 1132 by Jean de Chaudenay, the castle was modified from a medieval fortress to a residence from 1457 under Philippe le Bon, Duc de Bourgogne, or Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, who gave the castle to his advisor Philippe Pot. The castle sits on an outcrop overlooking the valley of the Canal de Bourgogne, and consists of the 12th century keep, 14th century curtain walls with 5 towers built during the Hundred Years War, and later 15th century chapel and courtyard in Gothic style. The chateau and village are listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0309.jpg
  • The Chateau de Chateauneuf, or Chateauneuf-en-Auxois, a 12th and 15th century castle, Chateauneuf, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. Originally built in 1132 by Jean de Chaudenay, the castle was modified from a medieval fortress to a residence from 1457 under Philippe le Bon, Duc de Bourgogne, or Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, who gave the castle to his advisor Philippe Pot. The castle sits on an outcrop overlooking the valley of the Canal de Bourgogne, and consists of the 12th century keep, 14th century curtain walls with 5 towers built during the Hundred Years War, and later 15th century chapel and courtyard in Gothic style. The chateau and village are listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0308.jpg
  • The Chateau de Chateauneuf, or Chateauneuf-en-Auxois, a 12th and 15th century castle, with the village of Chateauneuf to the left and church to the right, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. Originally built in 1132 by Jean de Chaudenay, the castle was modified from a medieval fortress to a residence from 1457 under Philippe le Bon, Duc de Bourgogne, or Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, who gave the castle to his advisor Philippe Pot. The castle sits on an outcrop overlooking the valley of the Canal de Bourgogne, and consists of the 12th century keep, 14th century curtain walls with 5 towers built during the Hundred Years War, and later 15th century chapel and courtyard in Gothic style. The chateau and village are listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0310.jpg
  • The Chateau de Chateauneuf, or Chateauneuf-en-Auxois, a 12th and 15th century castle, Chateauneuf, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. Originally built in 1132 by Jean de Chaudenay, the castle was modified from a medieval fortress to a residence from 1457 under Philippe le Bon, Duc de Bourgogne, or Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, who gave the castle to his advisor Philippe Pot. The castle sits on an outcrop overlooking the valley of the Canal de Bourgogne, and consists of the 12th century keep, 14th century curtain walls with 5 towers built during the Hundred Years War, and later 15th century chapel and courtyard in Gothic style. The chateau and village are listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0311.jpg
  • The Chateau de Chateauneuf, or Chateauneuf-en-Auxois, a 12th and 15th century castle, with the village of Chateauneuf to the left and church to the right, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. Originally built in 1132 by Jean de Chaudenay, the castle was modified from a medieval fortress to a residence from 1457 under Philippe le Bon, Duc de Bourgogne, or Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, who gave the castle to his advisor Philippe Pot. The castle sits on an outcrop overlooking the valley of the Canal de Bourgogne, and consists of the 12th century keep, 14th century curtain walls with 5 towers built during the Hundred Years War, and later 15th century chapel and courtyard in Gothic style. The chateau and village are listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0296.jpg
  • The Chateau de Chateauneuf, or Chateauneuf-en-Auxois, a 12th and 15th century castle, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. Originally built in 1132 by Jean de Chaudenay, the castle was modified from a medieval fortress to a residence from 1457 under Philippe le Bon, Duc de Bourgogne, or Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, who gave the castle to his advisor Philippe Pot. The castle sits on an outcrop overlooking the valley of the Canal de Bourgogne, and consists of the 12th century keep, 14th century curtain walls with 5 towers built during the Hundred Years War, and later 15th century chapel and courtyard in Gothic style. The chateau and village are listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0299.jpg
  • The Chateau de Chateauneuf, or Chateauneuf-en-Auxois, a 12th and 15th century castle, with the village of Chateauneuf to the left and church to the right, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. Originally built in 1132 by Jean de Chaudenay, the castle was modified from a medieval fortress to a residence from 1457 under Philippe le Bon, Duc de Bourgogne, or Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, who gave the castle to his advisor Philippe Pot. The castle sits on an outcrop overlooking the valley of the Canal de Bourgogne, and consists of the 12th century keep, 14th century curtain walls with 5 towers built during the Hundred Years War, and later 15th century chapel and courtyard in Gothic style. The chateau and village are listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0298.jpg
  • Ceiling of Gothic choir, 15th century, with tracery and high columns, and High Altarpiece, 18th century, by Sabatini, with statue of the Virgen de la Paz, 12th century, in the centre, Segovia Cathedral, (Catedral de Segovia, Catedral de Santa Maria), 1525-77, by Juan Gil de Hontanon (1480-1526), and continued by his son Rodrigo Gil de Hontanon (1500-1577), Segovia, Castile and Leon, Spain. Last Gothic Cathedral in Spain, commissioned by Carlos V (1500-58), after an earlier cathedral was damaged in the Revolt of the Comuneros, 1520. Cathedral consecrated, 1768. Ground plan has three naves surrounded by chapels. The interior is lit by Flemish windows, 16th-17th century, and centres on Gothic choir (15th century). Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN11_MC233.jpg
  • Bell tower, 12th century of the Abbaye Saint-Aubin, a former Benedictine monastery built 12th - 18th centuries, in Angers, Maine-et-Loire, France. Originally a funeral basilica for the tomb of Bishop Aubin, 529-50, it was founded as a monastery in the 7th century and rebuilt in the 12th century. The main building was destroyed in the 19th century but the separate fortified bell tower or Tour Saint-Aubin remains, at 54m high. It is listed as a historic monument and used to house art exhibitions. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0496.jpg
  • Nave, 12th-13th century, Bayeux Cathedral (Notre Dame de Bayeux), 11th-19th century, Bayeux, France. The arcaded lower levels of the nave are Romanesque, 12th century, the Upper tiers are 13th century Gothic. The Romanesque section of the Cathedral, dedicated 1077, was reconstructed in the 12th century. Here William forced Harold to take the oath which led to the Norman Conquest of England. Gothic and Neo-Gothic sections were added until the 19th century. Photograph by Manuel Cohen.
    LC12_FRANCE_MC_099.jpg
  • Nave and choir, Basilique Saint Quiriace (Saint Quiriace Collegiate Church), 12th century, Provins, Seine et Marne, France. Construction works during the 12th century were never completed and a dome was added in the 17th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_PARIS_11_MC263.jpg
  • Cupola and non-projecting transept, Basilique Saint Quiriace (Saint Quiriace Collegiate Church), 12th century, Provins, Seine et Marne, France. Construction works during the 12th century were never completed and a dome was added in the 17th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_PARIS_11_MC267.jpg
  • Rib vault of the apse, Basilique Saint Quiriace (Saint Quiriace Collegiate Church), 12th century, Provins, Seine et Marne, France. Construction works during the 12th century were never completed and a dome was added in the 17th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_PARIS_11_MC268.JPG
  • View from the Palais de Tau of the Old Town of Angers, Maine-et-Loire, France. On the left is the Maison d'Adam, or Maison d'Adam et Eve, or Maison de l'Arbre-de-Vie, a half-timbered house built c. 1491 as an apothecary shop with living quarters above, by its owner Jean Lefevre, now housing the Maison des Artisans d'Angers. On the right is the bell tower, 12th century, of the Abbaye Saint-Aubin, a former Benedictine monastery built 12th - 18th centuries, founded as a monastery in the 7th century and rebuilt in the 12th century. Both are listed as a historic monuments. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0554.jpg
  • Choir, with (left) stone altarpiece with Christ and the 12 apostles, 19th century, in the Basilique Saint-Denis, Paris, France. On the right are the royal tombs, including Childebert I, 496-558, son of Clovis I, king of Paris 511-58, commissioned by the monks of Saint-Germain-des-Pres, and Clovis I, 481-511, made in the 12th century, commissioned by the monks of the Abbey of St Genevieve. The basilica is a large medieval 12th century Gothic abbey church and burial site of French kings from 10th - 18th centuries. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0495.jpg
  • A pitcher, jug and a cooking pot with no handles, terracotta, 12th century, from the excavations of 2009-10 led by Sebastien Ziegler, from Fosse Depotoir F250, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC140.jpg
  • A terracotta jug with handle, narrow neck and pouring spout, 12th century, from the excavations of 2009-10 led by Sebastien Ziegler, from Fosse Depotoir F250, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC143.jpg
  • A pitcher, jug and a cooking pot with no handles, terracotta, 12th century, from the excavations of 2009-10 led by Sebastien Ziegler, from Fosse Depotoir F250, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC141.jpg
  • A pitcher, jug and a cooking pot with no handles, terracotta, 12th century, from the excavations of 2009-10 led by Sebastien Ziegler, from Fosse Depotoir F250, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC142.jpg
  • A terracotta jug with handle, narrow neck and pouring spout, 12th century, from the excavations of 2009-10 led by Sebastien Ziegler, from Fosse Depotoir F250, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC144.jpg
  • A terracotta jug with handle, narrow neck and pouring spout, 12th century, from the excavations of 2009-10 led by Sebastien Ziegler, from Fosse Depotoir F250, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC145.jpg
  • A terracotta cooking pot with no handle, 12th century, from the excavations of 2009-10 led by Sebastien Ziegler, from Fosse Depotoir F250, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC146.jpg
  • A terracotta cooking pot with no handle, 12th century, from the excavations of 2009-10 led by Sebastien Ziegler, from Fosse Depotoir F250, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC147.jpg
  • A terracotta cooking pot with no handle, 12th century, from the excavations of 2009-10 led by Sebastien Ziegler, from Fosse Depotoir F250, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC148.jpg
  • A terracotta oil lamp, 12th century, from the 2009-10 excavations led by Sebastien Ziegler, from the Fosse Depotoir F250, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC149.jpg
  • A terracotta oil lamp, 12th century, from the 2009-10 excavations led by Sebastien Ziegler, from the Fosse Depotoir F250, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC150.jpg
  • A terracotta oil lamp, 12th century, from the 2009-10 excavations led by Sebastien Ziegler, from the Fosse Depotoir F250, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC151.jpg
  • Two men holding weapons and a shield, one with strange swollen legs, which may refer to the miracle of the bees of St Generic, on a carved stone capital, 42x45cm, found near the Tour Thibaud or Thibaud Tower, built 12th century, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC162.jpg
  • A knight holding a standard on a harnessed rearing horse, with 2 other men holding weapons, on a carved stone capital, 42x45cm, found near the Tour Thibaud or Thibaud Tower, built 12th century, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The men have strange swollen legs, which may refer to the miracle of the bees of St Generic. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC163.jpg
  • Ramparts and the 12th century Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built under Thibaud II count of Champagne, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC205.jpg
  • A terracotta pitcher with red painted decoration, a green and yellow lead glaze and small pinched feet, 12th century, from the excavations led by Sebastien Ziegler, from Fosse Depotoir F250, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC266.jpg
  • A terracotta pitcher with red painted decoration, a green and yellow lead glaze and small pinched feet, 12th century, from the excavations led by Sebastien Ziegler, from Fosse Depotoir F250, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC267.jpg
  • A terracotta pitcher with red painted decoration, a green and yellow lead glaze and small pinched feet, 12th century, from the excavations led by Sebastien Ziegler, from Fosse Depotoir F250, rue de la Madeleine, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC268.jpg
  • A circular counter with carved decorative pattern in bone, 12th century, from the 1995 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC317.jpg
  • A whole and half circular counter with carved decorative pattern in bone, 12th century, from the 1995 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC320.jpg
  • A circular counter with carved decorative pattern in bone, 12th century, from the 1995 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC318.jpg
  • A circular counter with carved decorative pattern in bone, 12th century, from the 1995 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC319.jpg
  • A whole and half circular counter with carved decorative pattern in bone, 12th century, from the 1995 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC321.jpg
  • A whole and half circular counter with carved decorative pattern in bone, 12th century, from the 1995 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC322.jpg
  • Ramparts and the 12th century Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built under Thibaud II count of Champagne, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC341.jpg
  • Decorative wrought iron gate against the principal door of the Basilique Saint Quiriace (Saint Quiriace Collegiate Church), 12th century, Provins, Seine et Marne, France. Construction works during the 12th century were never completed and a dome was added in the 17th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_PARIS_11_MC265.jpg
  • Cupola, with apostles carved in the four pendentives, Basilique Saint Quiriace (Saint Quiriace Collegiate Church), 12th century, Provins, Seine et Marne, France. Construction works during the 12th century were never completed and a dome was added in the 17th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_PARIS_11_MC264.jpg
  • Nave and choir, Basilique Saint Quiriace (Saint Quiriace Collegiate Church), 12th century, Provins, Seine et Marne, France. Construction works during the 12th century were never completed and a dome was added in the 17th century. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_PARIS_11_MC266.jpg
  • Aragonese window, 14th century, in the Arabic Norman tower, or Torre di Scrigno, 12th century, the oldest part of the building, built on top of the Punic ancient city walls to defend the city, at the Palazzo Conte Federico, a 12th century Arabic Norman palace in Palermo, Sicily, Italy. Surrounding the window are carved the coats of arms of the city of Palermo, the Swabians and the Aragonese. The Federico counts bought the palace in the mid 17th century and are responsible for commissioning many of the decorations in place today. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_603.jpg
  • Aragonese window, 14th century, in the Arabic Norman tower, or Torre di Scrigno, 12th century, the oldest part of the building, built on top of the Punic ancient city walls to defend the city, at the Palazzo Conte Federico, a 12th century Arabic Norman palace in Palermo, Sicily, Italy. Surrounding the window are carved the coats of arms of the city of Palermo, the Swabians and the Aragonese. The Federico counts bought the palace in the mid 17th century and are responsible for commissioning many of the decorations in place today. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_602.jpg
  • Ramparts and the 12th century Tour Thibaud or Thibaud tower, built under Thibaud II count of Champagne, at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC223.jpg
  • Aragonese window, 14th century, in the Arabic Norman tower, or Torre di Scrigno, 12th century, the oldest part of the building, built on top of the Punic ancient city walls to defend the city, at the Palazzo Conte Federico, a 12th century Arabic Norman palace in Palermo, Sicily, Italy. Surrounding the window are carved the coats of arms of the city of Palermo, the Swabians and the Aragonese. The Federico counts bought the palace in the mid 17th century and are responsible for commissioning many of the decorations in place today. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_ITALY_MC_601.jpg
  • Nave, choir and transept of the Eglise Saint-Martin d'Angers, a collegiate Carolingian church, Angers, Maine-et-Loire, France. The main nave is 11th century Romanesque, the large brick arches to the sides are 10th century and the choir was extended in the 12th century in Gothic style. The medieval church was expanded many times and the transept was expanded under King Rene in the 15th century. The church is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0661.jpg
  • Harold's oath, sculpture based on scene 23 of the Bayeux Tapestry, 19th century,  between Romanesque arches, south side of Nave arcade, 12th century, Bayeux Cathedral (Notre Dame de Bayeux), 11th-19th century, Bayeux, France. The Romanesque section of the Cathedral, dedicated 1077, was reconstructed after 12th century war between the sons of William the Conqueror. Here William forced Harold to take the oath which led to the Norman Conquest of England. Gothic and Neo-Gothic sections were added until the 19th century. Photograph by Manuel Cohen.
    LC12_FRANCE_MC_098.jpg
  • Nave, choir and transept of the Eglise Saint-Martin d'Angers, a collegiate Carolingian church, Angers, Maine-et-Loire, France. The main nave is 11th century Romanesque, the large brick arches to the sides are 10th century and the choir was extended in the 12th century in Gothic style. The medieval church was expanded many times and the transept was expanded under King Rene in the 15th century. The church is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0452.jpg
  • Sarcophagi in the Abbot Hilduin Chapel, originally built 9th century and rebuilt 12th century to support Abbot Suger's choir above, in the crypt of the Basilique Saint-Denis, a large medieval 12th century Gothic abbey church and burial site of French kings from 10th - 18th centuries, Paris, France. The crypt has 7 radiating chapels, reflecting those of the ambulatory above. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC18_FRANCE_MC_0344.jpg
  • Ulldecona Castle, aerial view, at Ulldecona, Catalonia, Spain. The castle was built as an Andalusian fort under the Moors 8th - 11th centuries, then owned by the Montcada family of Tortosa, who in 1148 gave it to the Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem, when it became a Christian castle. A 16th century church, a 12th century circular watch tower and a 13th century square keep remain, built on top of the original Arabic fort and earlier Iberian settlements. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC18_SPAIN_MC_026.JPG
  • Large vaulted medieval kitchen in the 12th century keep of the Chateau de Rully, Rully, Saone-et-Loire, Burgundy, France. The kitchen houses a huge fireplace and stove, chequered tiled floor, copper utensils and long refectory table. This 12th century fortress consisting of a square keep with round towers and a 14th century crenelated curtain wall was transformed in the 15th century by the Saint-Leger family, who added a succession of rooms around the courtyard. The castle is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0278.jpg
  • Internal courtyard of the Chateau de Chateauneuf, or Chateauneuf-en-Auxois, with 15th century buildings in Flamboyant Gothic style, with the Logis des Hotes (centre), restored and used as an interpretation centre for visitors, Chateauneuf, Cote d'Or, Burgundy, France. Originally built in 1132 by Jean de Chaudenay, the castle was modified from a medieval fortress to a residence from 1457 under Philippe le Bon, Duc de Bourgogne, or Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, who gave the castle to his advisor Philippe Pot. The castle sits on an outcrop overlooking the valley of the Canal de Bourgogne, and consists of the 12th century keep, 14th century curtain walls with 5 towers built during the Hundred Years War, and later 15th century chapel and courtyard in Gothic style. The chateau and village are listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0295.jpg
  • The Roman bridge, built 1st century BC over the Guadalquivir river, and the Torre de la Calahorra, a fortified city gate, built in the 12th century by the Almohads, in Cordoba, Andalusia, Southern Spain. In the distance is the Cathedral-Great Mosque of Cordoba. The first church built here by the Visigoths in the 7th century was split in half by the Moors, becoming half church, half mosque. In 784, the Great Mosque of Cordoba was built in its place, but in 1236 it was converted into a catholic church, with a Renaissance cathedral nave built in the 16th century. The historic centre of Cordoba is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC058.jpg
  • The Roman bridge, built 1st century BC over the Guadalquivir river, and the Torre de la Calahorra, a fortified city gate, built in the 12th century by the Almohads, in Cordoba, Andalusia, Southern Spain. In the distance is the Cathedral-Great Mosque of Cordoba. The first church built here by the Visigoths in the 7th century was split in half by the Moors, becoming half church, half mosque. In 784, the Great Mosque of Cordoba was built in its place, but in 1236 it was converted into a catholic church, with a Renaissance cathedral nave built in the 16th century. The historic centre of Cordoba is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC055.jpg
  • Ulldecona Castle, aerial view, at Ulldecona, Catalonia, Spain. The castle was built as an Andalusian fort under the Moors 8th - 11th centuries, then owned by the Montcada family of Tortosa, who in 1148 gave it to the Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem, when it became a Christian castle. A 16th century church, a 12th century circular watch tower and a 13th century square keep remain, built on top of the original Arabic fort and earlier Iberian settlements. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC18_SPAIN_MC_028.JPG
  • Ulldecona Castle, aerial view, at Ulldecona, Catalonia, Spain. The castle was built as an Andalusian fort under the Moors 8th - 11th centuries, then owned by the Montcada family of Tortosa, who in 1148 gave it to the Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem, when it became a Christian castle. A 16th century church, a 12th century circular watch tower and a 13th century square keep remain, built on top of the original Arabic fort and earlier Iberian settlements. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC18_SPAIN_MC_027.JPG
  • Ulldecona Castle, aerial view, at Ulldecona, Catalonia, Spain. The castle was built as an Andalusian fort under the Moors 8th - 11th centuries, then owned by the Montcada family of Tortosa, who in 1148 gave it to the Knights Hospitaller, when it became a Christian castle. A 16th century church, a 12th century circular watchtower and a 13th century square keep remain, built on top of the original Arabic fort and earlier Iberian settlements. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    DRN_LC18_SPAIN_MC_024.JPG
  • Large vaulted medieval kitchen in the 12th century keep of the Chateau de Rully, Rully, Saone-et-Loire, Burgundy, France. The kitchen houses a huge fireplace and stove, chequered tiled floor, copper utensils and long refectory table. This 12th century fortress consisting of a square keep with round towers and a 14th century crenelated curtain wall was transformed in the 15th century by the Saint-Leger family, who added a succession of rooms around the courtyard. The castle is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC16_FRANCE_MC_0277.jpg
  • Looking up inside the lantern tower of Rouen Cathedral or the Cathedrale de Notre Dame de Rouen, built 12th century in Gothic style, with work continuing through the 13th and 14th centuries, Rouen, Normandy, France. The first floor of the lantern tower was built in the 13th century, and the second in the 16th century. A neo-Gothic iron spire was added in the 19th century, temporarily making this the tallest building in the world. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0034.jpg
  • Qala'at ibn Maan, Arab citadel built 12th century and restored 17th century, Palmyra, Syria. Named after Fakhr al-Din ibn Maan, 17th century Lebanese warlord who resisted the Ottomans
    LCSYRIA05019.JPG
  • Macedoine, stained glass window with grisaille painting and silver stain, with window fragments from 16th century, made 19th century, by Pierre-Emile Babouot, 1845-1921, exhibited in the Hotel-Dieu-Le-Comte, a hospital founded in the 12th century by Henri I le Liberal and rebuilt 1729-64, reopening 2022 after 4 years of renovations as La Cite du Vitrail, exhibiting stained glass, in Troyes, Aube, Grand Est, France. The building is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC23_FRANCE_MC_0531.jpg
  • Looking up inside the lantern tower of Rouen Cathedral or the Cathedrale de Notre Dame de Rouen, built 12th century in Gothic style, with work continuing through the 13th and 14th centuries, Rouen, Normandy, France. The first floor of the lantern tower was built in the 13th century, and the second in the 16th century. A neo-Gothic iron spire was added in the 19th century, temporarily making this the tallest building in the world. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0080.jpg
  • Low angle view of Ramos Door, New Cathedral, Salamanca, Spain, pictured on December 18, 2010 at midday. The 16th century Tympanum above the Palm Door is carved with a relief by Juan Rodriguez showing Jesus entering Jerusalem. Salamanca, Spain's most important University city,  has two adjoining Cathedrals, Old and New. The old Romanesque Cathedral was begun in the 12th century, and the new in the 16th century. Its style was designed to be Gothic rather than Renaissance in keeping with its older neighbour, but building continued over several centuries and a Baroque cupola was added in the 18th century. Restoration was necessary after the great Lisbon earthquake, 1755. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN10_MC011.jpg
  • Relief, detail from the monumental catalan Romanesque portal, 12th century, at Santa Maria de Ripoll, or Ripoll monastery, a Benedictine monastery built in Romanesque style, founded by Guifre el Pilos, or count Wilfred the Hairy, in 888, and built 9th - 12th century mainly under the abbots Arnulfo and Oliva, in Ripoll, Girona, Catalonia, Spain. The frontal relief, 13th century, with 7 horizontal bands, depicts God enthroned with Evangelists, angels and Elders; David and Solomon and Moses, and mythical animals from the visions of Daniel. It is flanked by 2 statues of St Peter and St Paul. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_SPAIN_MC_0597.jpg
  • Relief, detail from the monumental catalan Romanesque portal, 12th century, at Santa Maria de Ripoll, or Ripoll monastery, a Benedictine monastery built in Romanesque style, founded by Guifre el Pilos, or count Wilfred the Hairy, in 888, and built 9th - 12th century mainly under the abbots Arnulfo and Oliva, in Ripoll, Girona, Catalonia, Spain. The frontal relief, 13th century, with 7 horizontal bands, depicts God enthroned with Evangelists, angels and Elders; David and Solomon and Moses, and mythical animals from the visions of Daniel. It is flanked by 2 statues of St Peter and St Paul. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_SPAIN_MC_0596.jpg
  • Monumental catalan Romanesque portal, 12th century, at Santa Maria de Ripoll, or Ripoll monastery, a Benedictine monastery built in Romanesque style, founded by Guifre el Pilos, or count Wilfred the Hairy, in 888, and built 9th - 12th century mainly under the abbots Arnulfo and Oliva, in Ripoll, Girona, Catalonia, Spain. The frontal relief, 13th century, with 7 horizontal bands, depicts God enthroned with Evangelists, angels and Elders; David and Solomon and Moses, and mythical animals from the visions of Daniel. It is flanked by 2 statues of St Peter and St Paul. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_SPAIN_MC_0595.jpg
  • King David, detail from the monumental catalan Romanesque portal, 12th century, at Santa Maria de Ripoll, or Ripoll monastery, a Benedictine monastery built in Romanesque style, founded by Guifre el Pilos, or count Wilfred the Hairy, in 888, and built 9th - 12th century mainly under the abbots Arnulfo and Oliva, in Ripoll, Girona, Catalonia, Spain. The frontal relief, 13th century, with 7 horizontal bands, depicts God enthroned with Evangelists, angels and Elders; David and Solomon and Moses, and mythical animals from the visions of Daniel. It is flanked by 2 statues of St Peter and St Paul. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_SPAIN_MC_0594.jpg
  • God enthroned, on the monumental catalan Romanesque portal, 12th century, at Santa Maria de Ripoll, or Ripoll monastery, a Benedictine monastery built in Romanesque style, founded by Guifre el Pilos, or count Wilfred the Hairy, in 888, and built 9th - 12th century mainly under the abbots Arnulfo and Oliva, in Ripoll, Girona, Catalonia, Spain. The frontal relief, 13th century, with 7 horizontal bands, depicts God enthroned with Evangelists, angels and Elders; David and Solomon and Moses, and mythical animals from the visions of Daniel. It is flanked by 2 statues of St Peter and St Paul. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_SPAIN_MC_0593.jpg
  • Carved capital from the nave of Vezelay Abbey church, Vezelay, Yonne, Burgundy, France. Vezelay Abbey was a Benedictine and Cluniac monastery founded in the 9th century by St Badilo, who was said to have brought back relics of Mary Magdalene from the Holy Land. The Abbey Church or Basilica of St Mary Magdalene is a 12th century Burgundian Romanesque church. The capitals in the nave were probably carved by artists from Cluny Abbey and depict biblical scenes, ancient legends and mythological creatures. This capital from the late 12th century is in the upper northern side of the nave and depicts Herod and Herodias. herodias is asking Herod for the head of St John the Baptist on a plate. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC13_FRANCE_MC312.jpg
  • Cistern for fresh drinking water, Moorish, built 12th - 13th century in the Almohad period, in the Castillo de Medellin, or Medellin Castle, built in the 14th century by Pedro I the Cruel, replacing an original 10th century castle, and rebuilt by the Infante Sancho of Castile, on the Cerro del Castillo in Medellin, Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain. The underground rectangular cistern is 6x4.5m with a brick vault resting on arches with columns and capitals, and waterproof walls painted with almagra. The castle has a double walled perimeter with turrets and reinforcing towers. It was extended in the 15th and 16th centuries. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_SPAIN_MC_1047.jpg
  • Relief, detail from the monumental catalan Romanesque portal, 12th century, at Santa Maria de Ripoll, or Ripoll monastery, a Benedictine monastery built in Romanesque style, founded by Guifre el Pilos, or count Wilfred the Hairy, in 888, and built 9th - 12th century mainly under the abbots Arnulfo and Oliva, in Ripoll, Girona, Catalonia, Spain. The frontal relief, 13th century, with 7 horizontal bands, depicts God enthroned with Evangelists, angels and Elders; David and Solomon and Moses, and mythical animals from the visions of Daniel. It is flanked by 2 statues of St Peter and St Paul. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_SPAIN_MC_0598.jpg
  • Intertwined monsters, between Romanesque arches, south side of Nave arcade, 12th century, Bayeux Cathedral (Notre Dame de Bayeux), 11th-19th century, Bayeux, France. The Romanesque section of the Cathedral, dedicated 1077, was reconstructed after 12th century war between the sons of William the Conqueror. Here William forced Harold to take the oath which led to the Norman Conquest of England. Gothic and Neo-Gothic sections were added until the 19th century. Photograph by Manuel Cohen.
    LC12_FRANCE_MC_095.JPG
  • Lion rampant beneath a monster, between Romanesque arches, south side of Nave arcade, 12th century, Bayeux Cathedral (Notre Dame de Bayeux), 11th-19th century, Bayeux, France. The Romanesque section of the Cathedral, dedicated 1077, was reconstructed after 12th century war between the sons of William the Conqueror. Here William forced Harold to take the oath which led to the Norman Conquest of England. Gothic and Neo-Gothic sections were added until the 19th century. Photograph by Manuel Cohen.
    LC12_FRANCE_MC_097.JPG
  • Sculptural detail from the East portal of the Lady Chapel, built 1189, at Glastonbury Abbey, a Benedictine monastery founded in the 7th century, enlarged in the 10th century, destroyed by fire in the 12th century and rebuilt then sacked in the Dissolution of the Monasteries, in Glastonbury, Somerset, England. Christian legend claims it was founded by Joseph of Arimathea in the 1st century AD, and it has many ties to Arthurian legend, including that he was buried here. The building is a Scheduled Ancient Monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ENGLAND_MC_018.jpg
  • Lady Chapel, built 1189, at Glastonbury Abbey, a Benedictine monastery founded in the 7th century, enlarged in the 10th century, destroyed by fire in the 12th century and rebuilt then sacked in the Dissolution of the Monasteries, in Glastonbury, Somerset, England. Christian legend claims it was founded by Joseph of Arimathea in the 1st century AD, and it has many ties to Arthurian legend, including that he was buried here. The building is a Scheduled Ancient Monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ENGLAND_MC_014.jpg
  • Sculpted East portal of the Lady Chapel, built 1189, at Glastonbury Abbey, a Benedictine monastery founded in the 7th century, enlarged in the 10th century, destroyed by fire in the 12th century and rebuilt then sacked in the Dissolution of the Monasteries, in Glastonbury, Somerset, England. Christian legend claims it was founded by Joseph of Arimathea in the 1st century AD, and it has many ties to Arthurian legend, including that he was buried here. The building is a Scheduled Ancient Monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ENGLAND_MC_015.jpg
  • Glastonbury Abbey, a Benedictine monastery founded in the 7th century, enlarged in the 10th century, destroyed by fire in the 12th century and rebuilt then sacked in the Dissolution of the Monasteries, in Glastonbury, Somerset, England. On the left is the Lady Chapel, built 1189. Christian legend claims it was founded by Joseph of Arimathea in the 1st century AD, and it has many ties to Arthurian legend, including that he was buried here. The building is a Scheduled Ancient Monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC17_ENGLAND_MC_012.jpg
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