manuel cohen

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  • An ivory chesspiece, 10th - 11th centuries, made into a whistle (called 'le fou chantant') in the 15th century and discarded in the 16th century, from the 1995 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC299.jpg
  • An ivory chesspiece, 10th - 11th centuries, made into a whistle (called 'le fou chantant') in the 15th century and discarded in the 16th century, from the 1995 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC300.jpg
  • An ivory chesspiece, 10th - 11th centuries, made into a whistle (called 'le fou chantant') in the 15th century and discarded in the 16th century, from the 1995 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC301.jpg
  • Low angle view of  Gravestones, Temple Doolin or Dowling, 10th century, restored 1689, and Temple Hurpan, 17th century, and in the distance, Clonmacnoise Cathedral, 10th century, Clonmacnoise, County Offaly, Ireland, in the evening. Clonmacnoise was founded by St Ciaran, with the help of Diarmait Ui Cerbaill, Ireland's first Christian King. The site presents the largest collection of Early Christian graveslabs in Western Europe. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_IRELAND_10_MC031.jpg
  • Low angle view of Clonmacnoise Cathedral, 10th century, from the south-east, and on the right Temple Doolin or Dowling, 10th century, restored 1689, and Temple Hurpan, 17th century,  Clonmacnoise, County Offaly, Ireland, in the evening. Clonmacnoise was founded by St Ciaran, with the help of Diarmait Ui Cerbaill, Ireland's first Christian King. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_IRELAND_10_MC025.jpg
  • Warm Room in the Arab baths of the Caliphate, originally built in the 10th century under Al-Hakam II and rebuilt under King Alfonso XI of Castile in the 14th century, next to the Alcazar de los Reyes Cristianos or Palace of the Catholic Kings, in Cordoba, Andalusia, Southern Spain. This was the most important room in the hammam, with perimeter galleries and half-barrel vaults resting on columns and horseshoe arches. It was decorated with painted murals. The decorative plants painted on the base of the horseshoe arches are unique in Andalusian art. Here, the Caliph would receive daily hairdressing, shaving, massage and dressing. This hammam complex was discovered in the 20th century buried under the Campo de los Santos Martires and was originally attached to the alcazar. The alcazar was rebuilt during the Umayyad Caliphate in the 10th century and used as a royal fortress by the Moors and the Christians, as a base for the Spanish Inquisition, and as a prison. The alcazar is a national monument of Spain, and the historic centre of Cordoba is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC321.jpg
  • Arab baths of the Caliphate, originally built in the 10th century under Al-Hakam II and rebuilt under King Alfonso XI of Castile in the 14th century, next to the Alcazar de los Reyes Cristianos or Palace of the Catholic Kings, in Cordoba, Andalusia, Southern Spain. This hammam complex was discovered in the 20th century buried under the Campo de los Santos Martires and was originally attached to the alcazar. The alcazar was rebuilt during the Umayyad Caliphate in the 10th century and used as a royal fortress by the Moors and the Christians, as a base for the Spanish Inquisition, and as a prison. The alcazar is a national monument of Spain, and the historic centre of Cordoba is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC304.jpg
  • Nave, choir and transept of the Eglise Saint-Martin d'Angers, a collegiate Carolingian church, Angers, Maine-et-Loire, France. The main nave is 11th century Romanesque, the large brick arches to the sides are 10th century and the choir was extended in the 12th century in Gothic style. The medieval church was expanded many times and the transept was expanded under King Rene in the 15th century. The church is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0661.jpg
  • Nave, choir and transept of the Eglise Saint-Martin d'Angers, a collegiate Carolingian church, Angers, Maine-et-Loire, France. The main nave is 11th century Romanesque, the large brick arches to the sides are 10th century and the choir was extended in the 12th century in Gothic style. The medieval church was expanded many times and the transept was expanded under King Rene in the 15th century. The church is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0452.jpg
  • A cameo in white glass with a blue glass back, with a carved effigy of a Christian woman, 10th - 11th century, from the 1988 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC302.jpg
  • A pectoral pendant in bone with carved design of the crucifixion, late 10th - early 11th century, from the 1992 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC313.jpg
  • A cameo in white glass with a blue glass back, with a carved effigy of a Christian woman, 10th - 11th century, from the 1988 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC304.jpg
  • A cameo in white glass with a blue glass back, with a carved effigy of a Christian woman, 10th - 11th century, from the 1988 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC303.jpg
  • A pectoral pendant in bone with carved design of the crucifixion, late 10th - early 11th century, from the 1992 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC311.jpg
  • A pectoral pendant in bone with carved design of the crucifixion, late 10th - early 11th century, from the 1992 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC312.jpg
  • Nave, with iconostasis and 5th century marble pulpit, in the Hanging Church, or St Virgin Mary's Coptic Orthodox Church, in Coptic Cairo, an area of Old Cairo, in Cairo, Egypt. The church, founded in the 3rd century and built here in 7th century and rebuilt 10th century, sits above the gatehouse to the Babylon Fortress, seemingly suspended above a passage. Christianity grew here near the Babylon fort from the late pharaonic and Roman eras and during Islamic rule, and 6 early christian churches remain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0165.jpg
  • Nave, with iconostasis and 5th century marble pulpit, in the Hanging Church, or St Virgin Mary's Coptic Orthodox Church, in Coptic Cairo, an area of Old Cairo, in Cairo, Egypt. The church, founded in the 3rd century and built here in 7th century and rebuilt 10th century, sits above the gatehouse to the Babylon Fortress, seemingly suspended above a passage. Christianity grew here near the Babylon fort from the late pharaonic and Roman eras and during Islamic rule, and 6 early christian churches remain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0163.jpg
  • Nave, with iconostasis and 5th century marble pulpit, in the Hanging Church, or St Virgin Mary's Coptic Orthodox Church, in Coptic Cairo, an area of Old Cairo, in Cairo, Egypt. The church, founded in the 3rd century and built here in 7th century and rebuilt 10th century, sits above the gatehouse to the Babylon Fortress, seemingly suspended above a passage. Christianity grew here near the Babylon fort from the late pharaonic and Roman eras and during Islamic rule, and 6 early christian churches remain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0162.jpg
  • Cross, decorative detail in the entrance gates, 11th century, to the Hanging Church, or St Virgin Mary's Coptic Orthodox Church, in Coptic Cairo, an area of Old Cairo, in Cairo, Egypt. The church, founded in the 3rd century and built here in 7th century and rebuilt 10th century, sits above the gatehouse to the Babylon Fortress, seemingly suspended above a passage. Christianity grew here near the Babylon fort from the late pharaonic and Roman eras and during Islamic rule, and 6 early christian churches remain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0159.jpg
  • Cross and geometric patterns, decorative detail in the entrance gates, 11th century, to the Hanging Church, or St Virgin Mary's Coptic Orthodox Church, in Coptic Cairo, an area of Old Cairo, in Cairo, Egypt. The church, founded in the 3rd century and built here in 7th century and rebuilt 10th century, sits above the gatehouse to the Babylon Fortress, seemingly suspended above a passage. Christianity grew here near the Babylon fort from the late pharaonic and Roman eras and during Islamic rule, and 6 early christian churches remain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0158.jpg
  • Niche (originally for statue) between the entrance gates, 11th century, to the Hanging Church, or St Virgin Mary's Coptic Orthodox Church, in Coptic Cairo, an area of Old Cairo, in Cairo, Egypt. The church, founded in the 3rd century and built here in 7th century and rebuilt 10th century, sits above the gatehouse to the Babylon Fortress, seemingly suspended above a passage. Christianity grew here near the Babylon fort from the late pharaonic and Roman eras and during Islamic rule, and 6 early christian churches remain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0157.jpg
  • Entrance gates, 11th century, to the Hanging Church, or St Virgin Mary's Coptic Orthodox Church, in Coptic Cairo, an area of Old Cairo, in Cairo, Egypt. The church, founded in the 3rd century and built here in 7th century and rebuilt 10th century, sits above the gatehouse to the Babylon Fortress, seemingly suspended above a passage. Christianity grew here near the Babylon fort from the late pharaonic and Roman eras and during Islamic rule, and 6 early christian churches remain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0156.jpg
  • Worshippers attending mass, and 5th century marble pulpit, in the nave of the Hanging Church, or St Virgin Mary's Coptic Orthodox Church, in Coptic Cairo, an area of Old Cairo, in Cairo, Egypt. The church, founded in the 3rd century and built here in 7th century and rebuilt 10th century, sits above the gatehouse to the Babylon Fortress, seemingly suspended above a passage. Christianity grew here near the Babylon fort from the late pharaonic and Roman eras and during Islamic rule, and 6 early christian churches remain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0127.jpg
  • A double-sided comb made from bone with carved decoration, 10th - 11th centuries, from the 1994 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC307.jpg
  • A double-sided comb made from bone with carved decoration, 10th - 11th centuries, from the 1994 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC306.jpg
  • Statuette of St Barbara with a tower and palm branch, from the St Barbara altarpiece, Baroque, 17th - 18th century, in the Collegiate Church of Santa Maria la Mayor, originally a 10th century Islamic fortress, then a 12th century Romanesque church and Priory of the Royal Abbey of Montearagon, then collegiate church built 1541-59 by Pedro de Irazabal, at Bolea, Huesca, Aragon, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC124.jpg
  • A double-sided comb made from bone with carved decoration, 10th - 11th centuries, from the 1994 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC305.jpg
  • An awl in bone with incised decoration, early 10th century, from the 1994 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC293.jpg
  • An awl in bone with incised decoration, early 10th century, from the 1994 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC294.jpg
  • An awl in bone with incised decoration, early 10th century, from the 1994 excavations led by Francois Blary, from the North section of the upper courtyard in the kitchen area at the medieval castle of Chateau-Thierry, Picardy, France. The first fortifications on this spur over the river Marne date from the 4th century and the first castle was built in the 9th century Merovingian period by the counts of Vermandois. Thibaud II enlarged the castle in the 12th century and built the Tour Thibaud, and Thibaud IV expanded it significantly in the 13th century to include 17 defensive towers in the walls and an East and South gate. The castle was largely destroyed in the French Revolution after having been a royal palace since 1285. In 1814 it was used as a citadel for Napoleonic troops. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_France_MC295.jpg
  • General view of Prayer Hall, Juma Mosque, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the morning. The Juma Mosque, Khiva's main Friday Mosque is, unusally, a single storey building, whose 18th century architects tried to preserve the characteristics of its 10th century predecessor. The 45x55 metre prayer hall contains 212 10th-18th century pillars of varying form and decoration. Some are from the ancient mosque on the same site, others are battle trophies. They are remarkable not only for their fine carving and decoration but also for the  design of the lower sections in the form of a vase with flowering shoots. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC173.jpg
  • Detail of pillar base, of Prayer Hall, Juma Mosque, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the morning. The Juma Mosque, Khiva's main Friday Mosque is, unusally, a single storey building, whose 18th century architects tried to preserve the characteristics of its 10th century predecessor. The 45x55 metre prayer hall contains 212 10th-18th century pillars of varying form and decoration. Some are from the ancient mosque on the same site, others are battle trophies. They are remarkable not only for their fine carving and decoration but also for the  design of the lower sections in the form of a vase with flowering shoots. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC171.jpg
  • Detail of pillar base, of Prayer Hall, Juma Mosque, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the morning. The Juma Mosque, Khiva's main Friday Mosque is, unusally, a single storey building, whose 18th century architects tried to preserve the characteristics of its 10th century predecessor. The 45x55 metre prayer hall contains 212 10th-18th century pillars of varying form and decoration. Some are from the ancient mosque on the same site, others are battle trophies. They are remarkable not only for their fine carving and decoration but also for the  design of the lower sections in the form of a vase with flowering shoots. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC170.jpg
  • General view of Prayer Hall, Juma Mosque, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the morning. The Juma Mosque, Khiva's main Friday Mosque is, unusally, a single storey building, whose 18th century architects tried to preserve the characteristics of its 10th century predecessor. The 45x55 metre prayer hall contains 212 10th-18th century pillars of varying form and decoration. Some are from the ancient mosque on the same site, others are battle trophies. They are remarkable not only for their fine carving and decoration but also for the  design of the lower sections in the form of a vase with flowering shoots. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC169.jpg
  • General view of Prayer Hall, with shrine, Juma Mosque, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the morning. The Juma Mosque, Khiva's main Friday Mosque is, unusally, a single storey building, whose 18th century architects tried to preserve the characteristics of its 10th century predecessor. The 45x55 metre prayer hall contains 212 10th-18th century pillars of varying form and decoration. Some are from the ancient mosque on the same site, others are battle trophies. They are remarkable not only for their fine carving and decoration but also for the  design of the lower sections in the form of a vase with flowering shoots. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC168.jpg
  • General view of Prayer Hall, Juma Mosque, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the morning. The Juma Mosque, Khiva's main Friday Mosque is, unusally, a single storey building, whose 18th century architects tried to preserve the characteristics of its 10th century predecessor. The 45x55 metre prayer hall contains 212 10th-18th century pillars of varying form and decoration. Some are from the ancient mosque on the same site, others are battle trophies. They are remarkable not only for their fine carving and decoration but also for the  design of the lower sections in the form of a vase with flowering shoots. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC167.jpg
  • Woman praying before lighted candles in the Hanging Church, or St Virgin Mary's Coptic Orthodox Church, in Coptic Cairo, an area of Old Cairo, in Cairo, Egypt. The church, founded in the 3rd century and built here in 7th century and rebuilt 10th century, sits above the gatehouse to the Babylon Fortress, seemingly suspended above a passage. Christianity grew here near the Babylon fort from the late pharaonic and Roman eras and during Islamic rule, and 6 early christian churches remain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0164.jpg
  • Iconostasis in the Hanging Church, or St Virgin Mary's Coptic Orthodox Church, in Coptic Cairo, an area of Old Cairo, in Cairo, Egypt. The church, founded in the 3rd century and built here in 7th century and rebuilt 10th century, sits above the gatehouse to the Babylon Fortress, seemingly suspended above a passage. Christianity grew here near the Babylon fort from the late pharaonic and Roman eras and during Islamic rule, and 6 early christian churches remain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0160.jpg
  • Hanging Church, or St Virgin Mary's Coptic Orthodox Church, in Coptic Cairo, an area of Old Cairo, in Cairo, Egypt. The church, founded in the 3rd century and built here in 7th century and rebuilt 10th century, sits above the gatehouse to the Babylon Fortress, seemingly suspended above a passage. Christianity grew here near the Babylon fort from the late pharaonic and Roman eras and during Islamic rule, and 6 early christian churches remain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0128.jpg
  • Round tower on San Cristobal Hill or Monte Laham (1 of 7 towers, 3 of square Moorish design and 4 or circular Christian design), and on the right, the 15th century Christian castle of the Alcazaba, a 10th century fortified enclosure and royal residence in Almeria, Andalusia, Southern Spain. The Christian towers were built by the Templars who converted it into a fortress-chapel after they conquered the City commanded by Alfonso VII in 1147. The Alcazaba itself was begun in 955 by Rahman III and completed by Hayran, Taifa king of Almeria, in the 11th century. It was later added to by the Catholic monarchs. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_ALMERIA_MC112.jpg
  • Low angle view through Prayer Hall, Juma Mosque, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured on July 6, 2010, in the morning. The Juma Mosque, Khiva's main Friday Mosque is, unusally, a single storey building, whose 18th century architects tried to preserve the characteristics of its 10th century predecessor. The 45x55 metre prayer hall contains 212 10th-18th century pillars of varying form and decoration. Some are from the ancient mosque on the same site, others are battle trophies. They are remarkable not only for their fine carving and decoration but also for the  design of the lower sections in the form of a vase with flowering shoots. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC172.jpg
  • Geometric patterns in 1 of the 3 wooden inlaid entrance doors to the Hanging Church, or St Virgin Mary's Coptic Orthodox Church, in Coptic Cairo, an area of Old Cairo, in Cairo, Egypt. The church, founded in the 3rd century and built here in 7th century and rebuilt 10th century, sits above the gatehouse to the Babylon Fortress, seemingly suspended above a passage. Christianity grew here near the Babylon fort from the late pharaonic and Roman eras and during Islamic rule, and 6 early christian churches remain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0166.jpg
  • Icons and robes in the Hanging Church, or St Virgin Mary's Coptic Orthodox Church, in Coptic Cairo, an area of Old Cairo, in Cairo, Egypt. The church, founded in the 3rd century and built here in 7th century and rebuilt 10th century, sits above the gatehouse to the Babylon Fortress, seemingly suspended above a passage. Christianity grew here near the Babylon fort from the late pharaonic and Roman eras and during Islamic rule, and 6 early christian churches remain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0161.jpg
  • Entrance to the Hanging Church, or St Virgin Mary's Coptic Orthodox Church, in Coptic Cairo, an area of Old Cairo, in Cairo, Egypt. The church, founded in the 3rd century and built here in 7th century and rebuilt 10th century, sits above the gatehouse to the Babylon Fortress, seemingly suspended above a passage. Christianity grew here near the Babylon fort from the late pharaonic and Roman eras and during Islamic rule, and 6 early christian churches remain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0155.jpg
  • Worshippers attending mass, in the nave of the Hanging Church, or St Virgin Mary's Coptic Orthodox Church, in Coptic Cairo, an area of Old Cairo, in Cairo, Egypt. The church, founded in the 3rd century and built here in 7th century and rebuilt 10th century, sits above the gatehouse to the Babylon Fortress, seemingly suspended above a passage. Christianity grew here near the Babylon fort from the late pharaonic and Roman eras and during Islamic rule, and 6 early christian churches remain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_EGYPT_MC_0126.jpg
  • The Cathedrale Saint-Pierre de Beauvais or Cathedral of St Peter of Beauvais, an incomplete Gothic Roman Catholic cathedral consecrated in 1272, with the 10th century Romanesque church known as Basse Oeuvre, where the nave would be, Beauvais, Oise, Picardy, France. The cathedral consists only of a transept built in the 16th century and choir, with apse and 7 polygonal apsidal chapels from the 13th century. It was listed as a historic monument in 1840. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_FRANCE_MC0630.jpg
  • The Wall of Vela, or Muro de la Vela, separating the first and second enclosures, with a belfry and bell cast in 1763 to warn of danger and mark timings for curfews, irrigation and the closing of the city gates, in the Alcazaba, a 10th century fortified enclosure and royal residence in Almeria, Andalusia, Southern Spain. The wall was built in under King Carlos III in the 18th century. The Alcazaba itself was begun in 955 by Rahman III and completed by Hayran, Taifa king of Almeria, in the 11th century. It was later added to by the Catholic monarchs. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_ALMERIA_MC116.jpg
  • Torre Odalisca (left) and the 15th century Christian castle (right) in the Alcazaba, a 10th century fortified enclosure and royal residence in Almeria, Andalusia, Southern Spain, seen from San Cristobal Hill or Monte Laham. The Alcazaba itself was begun in 955 by Rahman III and completed by Hayran, Taifa king of Almeria, in the 11th century. It was later added to by the Catholic monarchs. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_ALMERIA_MC113.jpg
  • Second enclosure with the 15th century Christian castle behind, in the Alcazaba, a 10th century fortified enclosure and royal residence in Almeria, Andalusia, Southern Spain. The Alcazaba was begun in 955 by Rahman III and completed by Hayran, Taifa king of Almeria, in the 11th century. It was later added to by the Catholic monarchs. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_ALMERIA_MC143.jpg
  • The second enclosure with the tower of the 15th century Christian castle, in the Alcazaba, a 10th century fortified enclosure and royal residence in Almeria, Andalusia, Southern Spain. The Alcazaba itself was begun in 955 by Rahman III and completed by Hayran, Taifa king of Almeria, in the 11th century. It was later added to by the Catholic monarchs. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_ALMERIA_MC141.jpg
  • Low angle view of Clonmacnoise Cathedral, 10th century, with the Cross of the Scriptures (replica), 10th century, on the right, Clonmacnoise, County Offaly, Ireland, at sunset. Clonmacnoise was founded by St Ciaran, with the help of Diarmait Ui Cerbaill, Ireland's first Christian King. The site presents the largest collection of Early Christian graveslabs in Western Europe. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_IRELAND_10_MC035.jpg
  • Low angle view of Clonmacnoise Cathedral, 10th century, and Cross of the Scriptures (replica), 10th century, on the left, Clonmacnoise, County Offaly, Ireland, in the evening against a cloudy sky. Clonmacnoise was founded by St Ciaran, with the help of Diarmait Ui Cerbaill, Ireland's first Christian King. The site presents the largest collection of Early Christian graveslabs in Western Europe. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_IRELAND_10_MC029.jpg
  • General view of the North doorway, 1460, Clonmacnoise Cathedral, 10th century, Clonmacnoise, County Offaly, Ireland. The three carved figures depict St Dominic, St Patrick, and St Francis. Four small carvings above the doorway depict Evangelists Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. Clonmacnoise was founded by St Ciaran, with the help of Diarmait Ui Cerbaill, Ireland's first Christian King. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_IRELAND_10_MC033.jpg
  • General view of the North doorway, 1460, Clonmacnoise Cathedral, 10th century, Clonmacnoise, County Offaly, Ireland. The three carved figures depict St Dominic, St Patrick, and St Francis. Four small carvings above the doorway depict Evangelists Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. Clonmacnoise was founded by St Ciaran, with the help of Diarmait Ui Cerbaill, Ireland's first Christian King. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_IRELAND_10_MC032.jpg
  • Low angle view of Clonmacnoise Cathedral, 909, from the south-east (centre and left), Temple Doolin or Dowling, 10th century, restored 1689, and Temple Hurpan, 17th century,  (right), Clonmacnoise, County Offaly, Ireland, in the evening. Clonmacnoise was founded by St Ciaran, with the help of Diarmait Ui Cerbaill, Ireland's first Christian King. The site presents the largest collection of Early Christian graveslabs in Western Europe. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC_IRELAND_10_MC020.jpg
  • The hypostyle prayer hall, area built in the 10th century under Al-Mansur, 987-988, with 5 reliefs by Fray Juan Alvarez de Toledo, 1523-37 representing scenes of Christ's Passion, behind the altar of the cathedral, in the Cathedral-Great Mosque of Cordoba, in Cordoba, Andalusia, Southern Spain. The hall is filled with rows of columns topped with double arches, a horseshoe arch below a Roman arch, in stripes of red brick and white stone. The first church built here by the Visigoths in the 7th century was split in half by the Moors, becoming half church, half mosque. In 784, the Great Mosque of Cordoba was begun in its place and developed over 200 years, but in 1236 it was converted into a catholic church, with a Renaissance cathedral nave built in the 16th century. The historic centre of Cordoba is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC195.jpg
  • Chambre de Parement, or the Great Chamber, a 14th century reception room where the duke would receive guests, in the Chateau de Saumur, in Saumur, Maine-et-Loire, France. A castle was first built here at the confluence of the Loire and Thouet rivers under Thibaud I, Count of Blois, in the 10th century. It was then owned by the Dukes of Anjou and added to many times, including the star shaped fortifications in the 16th century, designed by Bartholomeo. The chateau is listed as a historic monument and forms part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It houses the Musee des Arts Decoratifs and Musee du Cheval. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0683.jpg
  • The hypostyle prayer hall, area built in the 10th century under Al-Mansur, 987-988, with 5 reliefs by Fray Juan Alvarez de Toledo, 1523-37 representing scenes of Christ's Passion, behind the altar of the cathedral, in the Cathedral-Great Mosque of Cordoba, in Cordoba, Andalusia, Southern Spain. The hall is filled with rows of columns topped with double arches, a horseshoe arch below a Roman arch, in stripes of red brick and white stone. The first church built here by the Visigoths in the 7th century was split in half by the Moors, becoming half church, half mosque. In 784, the Great Mosque of Cordoba was begun in its place and developed over 200 years, but in 1236 it was converted into a catholic church, with a Renaissance cathedral nave built in the 16th century. The historic centre of Cordoba is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC196.jpg
  • The hypostyle prayer hall, area built in the 10th century under Al-Mansur, 987-988, with 5 reliefs by Fray Juan Alvarez de Toledo, 1523-37 representing scenes of Christ's Passion, behind the altar of the cathedral, in the Cathedral-Great Mosque of Cordoba, in Cordoba, Andalusia, Southern Spain. The hall is filled with rows of columns topped with double arches, a horseshoe arch below a Roman arch, in stripes of red brick and white stone. The first church built here by the Visigoths in the 7th century was split in half by the Moors, becoming half church, half mosque. In 784, the Great Mosque of Cordoba was begun in its place and developed over 200 years, but in 1236 it was converted into a catholic church, with a Renaissance cathedral nave built in the 16th century. The historic centre of Cordoba is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC194.JPG
  • Painting of St Martin of Tours, 4th century bishop, in the Collegiate Church of Santa Maria la Mayor, originally a 10th century Islamic fortress, then a 12th century Romanesque church and Priory of the Royal Abbey of Montearagon, then collegiate church built 1541-59 by Pedro de Irazabal, at Bolea, Huesca, Aragon, Spain. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC116.JPG
  • The Odalisca Tower or Torre de la Odalisca in the Alcazaba, a 10th century fortified enclosure and royal residence in Almeria, Andalusia, Southern Spain. To the right are the oldest 11th century remains of this section, in front is a reservoir with boundary limits, and a garden below. The Alcazaba was begun in 955 by Rahman III and completed by Hayran, Taifa king of Almeria, in the 11th century. It was later added to by the Catholic monarchs. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_ALMERIA_MC151.jpg
  • The Odalisca Tower or Torre de la Odalisca and a circular Christian-era tower on the left, in the Alcazaba, a 10th century fortified enclosure and royal residence in Almeria, Andalusia, Southern Spain. To the right of the Odalisca Tower are the oldest 11th century remains of this section, in front is a reservoir with boundary limits, and a garden below. The Alcazaba was begun in 955 by Rahman III and completed by Hayran, Taifa king of Almeria, in the 11th century. It was later added to by the Catholic monarchs. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_ALMERIA_MC150.jpg
  • Cathedral of Saint Mary of Tortosa, begun 1347, and the Castle of Sant Joan or La Suda, right, in the old town or Casc Antic, Tortosa, Tarragona, Spain. The cathedral was designed by Benito Dalguayre and built on the site of a Roman forum and Romanesque church. It was consecrated in 1597 and is built in Catalan Gothic style, with 3 naves with chapels between the buttresses, and an 18th century Baroque facade. The 10th century Castle of Sant Joan was built by Muslim Caliph Abd ar-Rahman III. It was conquered in 1148 and became residence of the Montcada and Knights Templar, then a royal mansion from the 13th century. Tortosa is an ancient town situated on the Ebro Delta which has a rich heritage dating from Roman times. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN13_MC209.jpg
  • The Odalisca Tower or Torre de la Odalisca in the Alcazaba, a 10th century fortified enclosure and royal residence in Almeria, Andalusia, Southern Spain. To the right are the oldest 11th century remains of this section, in front is a reservoir with boundary limits, and a garden below. The Alcazaba was begun in 955 by Rahman III and completed by Hayran, Taifa king of Almeria, in the 11th century. It was later added to by the Catholic monarchs. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_ALMERIA_MC144.jpg
  • Cathedral of Saint Mary of Tortosa, begun 1347, on the right, and the Castle of Sant Joan or La Suda, left, seen from the rooftops of the old town or Casc Antic, Tortosa, Tarragona, Spain. The cathedral was designed by Benito Dalguayre and built on the site of a Roman forum and Romanesque church. It was consecrated in 1597 and is built in Catalan Gothic style, with 3 naves with chapels between the buttresses, and an 18th century Baroque facade. The 10th century Castle of Sant Joan was built by Muslim Caliph Abd ar-Rahman III. It was conquered in 1148 and became residence of the Montcada and Knights Templar, then a royal mansion from the 13th century. Tortosa is an ancient town situated on the Ebro Delta which has a rich heritage dating from Roman times. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LCSPAIN13_MC202.jpg
  • Christian castle in the third enclosure, with the Patio de Armas and the Torre del Homenaje, a large square keep and residence, built by order of the royal secretary to the Catholic monarchs, Hernando de Zafra, in 1490, in the Alcazaba, a 10th century fortified enclosure and royal residence in Almeria, Andalusia, Southern Spain. The Christian section of the Alcazaba differs greatly from the muslim part, with a triangular plan and circular towers. The Alcazaba was begun in 955 by Rahman III and completed by Hayran, Taifa king of Almeria, in the 11th century. It was later added to by the Catholic monarchs. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_ALMERIA_MC146.jpg
  • Lintel, detail, 1019-20, Romanesque sculpture (the earliest dated Romanesque stone sculpture) in white marble, forming part of the portal on the facade of the abbey church of St Michael, now the parish church of Saint-Genis-des-Fontaines, consecrated 1153, in the Abbaye de Saint-Genis-des-Fontaines, Pyrenees-Orientales, France. The lintel, originally an altar support, was commissioned by abbot Guillaume in the 11th century and is a bas-relief of Christ in Majesty in a mandorla with 2 archangels and figures in arched niches, and a latin inscription to King Robert II the Pious of France. The Benedictine monastery was founded 778-80 by abbot Sentimirus, rebuilt in the 10th century and sacked in the French Revolution. The abbey is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1410.jpg
  • Palm motif and blessing hand, carved into the facade beside the lintel, 1019-20, Romanesque sculpture in white marble, forming part of the portal on the facade of the abbey church of St Michael, now the parish church of Saint-Genis-des-Fontaines, consecrated 1153, in the Abbaye de Saint-Genis-des-Fontaines, Pyrenees-Orientales, France. The lintel, originally an altar support, was commissioned by abbot Guillaume in the 11th century and is a bas-relief of Christ in Majesty in a mandorla with 2 archangels and figures in arched niches, and a latin inscription to King Robert II the Pious of France. The Benedictine monastery was founded 778-80 by abbot Sentimirus, rebuilt in the 10th century and sacked in the French Revolution. The abbey is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1411.jpg
  • Lintel, detail, 1019-20, Romanesque sculpture (the earliest dated Romanesque stone sculpture) in white marble, forming part of the portal on the facade of the abbey church of St Michael, now the parish church of Saint-Genis-des-Fontaines, consecrated 1153, in the Abbaye de Saint-Genis-des-Fontaines, Pyrenees-Orientales, France. The lintel, originally an altar support, was commissioned by abbot Guillaume in the 11th century and is a bas-relief of Christ in Majesty in a mandorla with 2 archangels and figures in arched niches, and a latin inscription to King Robert II the Pious of France. The Benedictine monastery was founded 778-80 by abbot Sentimirus, rebuilt in the 10th century and sacked in the French Revolution. The abbey is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1412.jpg
  • Sculpture of St Michael, from an 18th century altarpiece dedicated to St Michael, in the abbey church of St Michael, now the parish church of Saint-Genis-des-Fontaines, consecrated 1153, in the Abbaye de Saint-Genis-des-Fontaines, Pyrenees-Orientales, France. The Benedictine monastery was founded 778-80 by abbot Sentimirus, rebuilt in the 10th century and sacked in the French Revolution. The abbey is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1419.jpg
  • Lintel, detail, 1019-20, Romanesque sculpture (the earliest dated Romanesque stone sculpture) in white marble, forming part of the portal on the facade of the abbey church of St Michael, now the parish church of Saint-Genis-des-Fontaines, consecrated 1153, in the Abbaye de Saint-Genis-des-Fontaines, Pyrenees-Orientales, France. The lintel, originally an altar support, was commissioned by abbot Guillaume in the 11th century and is a bas-relief of Christ in Majesty in a mandorla with 2 archangels and figures in arched niches, and a latin inscription to King Robert II the Pious of France. The Benedictine monastery was founded 778-80 by abbot Sentimirus, rebuilt in the 10th century and sacked in the French Revolution. The abbey is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1422.JPG
  • Lintel, 1019-20, Romanesque sculpture (the earliest dated Romanesque stone sculpture) in white marble, forming part of the portal on the facade of the abbey church of St Michael, now the parish church of Saint-Genis-des-Fontaines, consecrated 1153, in the Abbaye de Saint-Genis-des-Fontaines, Pyrenees-Orientales, France. The lintel, originally an altar support, was commissioned by abbot Guillaume in the 11th century and is a bas-relief of Christ in Majesty in a mandorla with 2 archangels and figures in arched niches, and a latin inscription to King Robert II the Pious of France. The Benedictine monastery was founded 778-80 by abbot Sentimirus, rebuilt in the 10th century and sacked in the French Revolution. The abbey is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_1427.jpg
  • Central statue of the Virgin of the Assumption, standing on the moon surrounded by angels, from the altarpiece of the high altar, Renaissance, 1490-1503, in the  Collegiate Church of Santa Maria la Mayor, originally a 10th century Islamic fortress, then a 12th century Romanesque church and Priory of the Royal Abbey of Montearagon, then collegiate church built 1541-59 by Pedro de Irazabal, at Bolea, Huesca, Aragon, Spain. The altarpiece consists of 20 painted panels and wooden polychrome statuettes. The design and ornamentation are by Flemish master Gil de Brabant, and the paintings by Master of Bolea, an unknown Spanish artist. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC125.jpg
  • Central statue of the Virgin of the Assumption, standing on the moon surrounded by angels, from the altarpiece of the high altar, Renaissance, 1490-1503, in the  Collegiate Church of Santa Maria la Mayor, originally a 10th century Islamic fortress, then a 12th century Romanesque church and Priory of the Royal Abbey of Montearagon, then collegiate church built 1541-59 by Pedro de Irazabal, at Bolea, Huesca, Aragon, Spain. The altarpiece consists of 20 painted panels and wooden polychrome statuettes. The design and ornamentation are by Flemish master Gil de Brabant, and the paintings by Master of Bolea, an unknown Spanish artist. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC120.jpg
  • Painting of Pope St Gregory, reigned 590-604 AD, by the Master of Bolea, from the altarpiece of the high altar, Renaissance, 1490-1503, in the  Collegiate Church of Santa Maria la Mayor, originally a 10th century Islamic fortress, then a 12th century Romanesque church and Priory of the Royal Abbey of Montearagon, then collegiate church built 1541-59 by Pedro de Irazabal, at Bolea, Huesca, Aragon, Spain. The altarpiece consists of 20 painted panels and wooden polychrome statuettes. The design and ornamentation are by Flemish master Gil de Brabant, and the paintings by Master of Bolea, an unknown Spanish artist. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC117.jpg
  • Painting of St Augustine of Hippo, by the Master of Bolea, from the altarpiece of the high altar, Renaissance, 1490-1503, in the  Collegiate Church of Santa Maria la Mayor, originally a 10th century Islamic fortress, then a 12th century Romanesque church and Priory of the Royal Abbey of Montearagon, then collegiate church built 1541-59 by Pedro de Irazabal, at Bolea, Huesca, Aragon, Spain. The altarpiece consists of 20 painted panels and wooden polychrome statuettes. The design and ornamentation are by Flemish master Gil de Brabant, and the paintings by Master of Bolea, an unknown Spanish artist. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC118.jpg
  • Painting of St Augustine of Hippo, by the Master of Bolea, from the altarpiece of the high altar, Renaissance, 1490-1503, in the  Collegiate Church of Santa Maria la Mayor, originally a 10th century Islamic fortress, then a 12th century Romanesque church and Priory of the Royal Abbey of Montearagon, then collegiate church built 1541-59 by Pedro de Irazabal, at Bolea, Huesca, Aragon, Spain. The altarpiece consists of 20 painted panels and wooden polychrome statuettes. The design and ornamentation are by Flemish master Gil de Brabant, and the paintings by Master of Bolea, an unknown Spanish artist. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC119.JPG
  • Altarpiece of the high altar, Renaissance, 1490-1503, in the Collegiate Church of Santa Maria la Mayor, originally a 10th century Islamic fortress, then a 12th century Romanesque church and Priory of the Royal Abbey of Montearagon, then collegiate church built 1541-59 by Pedro de Irazabal, at Bolea, Huesca, Aragon, Spain. The altarpiece consists of 20 painted panels and wooden polychrome statuettes. The design and ornamentation are by Flemish master Gil de Brabant, and the paintings by Master of Bolea, an unknown Spanish artist. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC115.jpg
  • Altarpiece of the high altar, Renaissance, 1490-1503, in the  Collegiate Church of Santa Maria la Mayor, originally a 10th century Islamic fortress, then a 12th century Romanesque church and Priory of the Royal Abbey of Montearagon, then collegiate church built 1541-59 by Pedro de Irazabal, at Bolea, Huesca, Aragon, Spain. The altarpiece consists of 20 painted panels and wooden polychrome statuettes. The design and ornamentation are by Flemish master Gil de Brabant, and the paintings by Master of Bolea, an unknown Spanish artist. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC091.jpg
  • The statue of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, built in the 1930s at the top of Cerro San Cristobal, San Cristobal Hill or Monte Laham, with the port of Almeria in the distance, in the Alcazaba, a 10th century fortified enclosure and royal residence in Almeria, Andalusia, Southern Spain. The Alcazaba was begun in 955 by Rahman III and completed by Hayran, Taifa king of Almeria, in the 11th century. It was later added to by the Catholic monarchs. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_ALMERIA_MC110.jpg
  • Murder hole, through which missiles were dropped on the enemy, in the Christian castle in the third enclosure, built by order of the royal secretary to the Catholic monarchs, Hernando de Zafra, in 1490, in the Alcazaba, a 10th century fortified enclosure and royal residence in Almeria, Andalusia, Southern Spain. The Christian section of the Alcazaba differs greatly from the muslim part, with a triangular plan and circular towers. The Alcazaba was begun in 955 by Rahman III and completed by Hayran, Taifa king of Almeria, in the 11th century. It was later added to by the Catholic monarchs. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_ALMERIA_MC148.jpg
  • Christian castle in the third enclosure, with the Patio de Armas and the Torre del Homenaje with the shield of Carlos I above the door, a large square keep and residence, built by order of the royal secretary to the Catholic monarchs, Hernando de Zafra, in 1490, in the Alcazaba, a 10th century fortified enclosure and royal residence in Almeria, Andalusia, Southern Spain. The Christian section of the Alcazaba differs greatly from the muslim part, with a triangular plan and circular towers. The Alcazaba was begun in 955 by Rahman III and completed by Hayran, Taifa king of Almeria, in the 11th century. It was later added to by the Catholic monarchs. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_ALMERIA_MC147.jpg
  • Murder hole, through which missiles were dropped on the enemy, in the Christian castle in the third enclosure, built by order of the royal secretary to the Catholic monarchs, Hernando de Zafra, in 1490, in the Alcazaba, a 10th century fortified enclosure and royal residence in Almeria, Andalusia, Southern Spain. The Christian section of the Alcazaba differs greatly from the muslim part, with a triangular plan and circular towers. The Alcazaba was begun in 955 by Rahman III and completed by Hayran, Taifa king of Almeria, in the 11th century. It was later added to by the Catholic monarchs. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_ALMERIA_MC149.jpg
  • Christian castle in the third enclosure, with the Patio de Armas and the Torre de la Polvora or Powder Tower behind, built by order of the royal secretary to the Catholic monarchs, Hernando de Zafra, in 1490, in the Alcazaba, a 10th century fortified enclosure and royal residence in Almeria, Andalusia, Southern Spain. The Christian section of the Alcazaba differs greatly from the muslim part, with a triangular plan and circular towers. The Alcazaba was begun in 955 by Rahman III and completed by Hayran, Taifa king of Almeria, in the 11th century. It was later added to by the Catholic monarchs. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_ALMERIA_MC145.jpg
  • The Kairaouine Mosque, rebuilt in the 10th century under Abd Er Rahman III, Caliph of Cordoba, and in the 12th century under the Almoravids, Fes, Fes-Boulemane, Northern Morocco. The mosque was founded in 857 by Fatima al-Fihri, daughter of a wealthy refugee from the holy city of Kairouan in Tunisia, who vowed to spend her money on a mosque for the Tunisian community in Fes. It is the earliest Islamic building in Fes and the holiest mosque in Morocco.  The medina of Fes was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC14_Morocco_MC223.jpg
  • Transept, originally 10th and 11th century, expanded under King Rene in the 15th century, in the Eglise Saint-Martin d'Angers, a collegiate Carolingian church, Angers, Maine-et-Loire, France. The church is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC21_FRANCE_MC_0468.jpg
  • General view of Pahlavan Mahmud Mausoleum, 14th-16th century, Khiva, Uzbekistan, pictured at sunset on July 5, 2010. Visible are its blue tile-covered dome which commands Khiva's skyline and on the right the Islam Hodja minaret, 1910, and the Juma Mosque Minaret on the left. Commissioned by the reforming Grand Visier, Islam Khodja, the minaret is 44.8 metres high, tapering towards the top, its ochre brick alternating with bands of decorative blue and white tiles. It is the final architectural achievement of the Khanates. Khiva, ancient and remote, is the most intact Silk Road city. Ichan Kala, its old town, was the first site in Uzbekistan to become a World Heritage Site(1991). Picture by Manuel Cohen.
    LC_UZBEKISTAN_0710_MC245.jpg
  • Baroque portal above the entrance to the Esglesia de Sant Pere, Romanesque church originally built in the 10th century, and rebuilt in the 15th century, in the village of Pals, in Catalonia, Spain. Pals is a medieval town on the Bay of Emporda on the Costa Brava. In the centre of the town is the Torre de les Hores, or Tower of the Hours, a Romanesque 15m high clock tower built 11th - 13th centuries. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_0492.jpg
  • Carolingian chapel, 10th century, at the Chateau de Berze, or Forteresse de Berze-le-Chatel, a fortified castle built in the 10th century and extended in the 13th and 15th centuries, in Berze-le-Chatel, Saone-et-Loire, France. The castle consists of 2 keeps, 3 enclosures, 14 towers and the Carolingian chapel. It is privately owned with an estate of Burgundy vineyards, and is listed as a historic monument. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC22_FRANCE_MC_1131.jpg
  • Esglesia de Sant Pere, Romanesque church originally built in the 10th century, and rebuilt in the 15th century, in the village of Pals, in Catalonia, Spain. Pals is a medieval town on the Bay of Emporda on the Costa Brava. In the centre of the town is the Torre de les Hores, or Tower of the Hours, a Romanesque 15m high clock tower built 11th - 13th centuries. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC20_SPAIN_MC_0493.jpg
  • Architectural detail of the Puerta de San Ildefonso, built under Al-Hakam II in the 10th century, one of the West facade entrances to the Cathedral-Great Mosque of Cordoba, on the Calle Torrijos in Cordoba, Andalusia, Southern Spain. This detail shows an overlapping arch design with red brick, mosaic work and intricately carved vegetal patterns. The first church built here by the Visigoths in the 7th century was split in half by the Moors, becoming half church, half mosque. In 784, the Great Mosque of Cordoba was begun in its place and developed over 200 years, but in 1236 it was converted into a catholic church, with a Renaissance cathedral nave built in the 16th century. The historic centre of Cordoba is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC339.jpg
  • Architectural detail of the Puerta de San Ildefonso, built under Al-Hakam II in the 10th century, one of the West facade entrances to the Cathedral-Great Mosque of Cordoba, on the Calle Torrijos in Cordoba, Andalusia, Southern Spain. This detail shows an overlapping arch design with red brick, mosaic work and intricately carved vegetal patterns. The first church built here by the Visigoths in the 7th century was split in half by the Moors, becoming half church, half mosque. In 784, the Great Mosque of Cordoba was begun in its place and developed over 200 years, but in 1236 it was converted into a catholic church, with a Renaissance cathedral nave built in the 16th century. The historic centre of Cordoba is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC338.jpg
  • Architectural detail of the Puerta de San Ildefonso, built under Al-Hakam II in the 10th century, one of the West facade entrances to the Cathedral-Great Mosque of Cordoba, on the Calle Torrijos in Cordoba, Andalusia, Southern Spain. This detail shows the frame around the arched doorway, with kufic inscription and intricately carved vegetal patterns. The first church built here by the Visigoths in the 7th century was split in half by the Moors, becoming half church, half mosque. In 784, the Great Mosque of Cordoba was begun in its place and developed over 200 years, but in 1236 it was converted into a catholic church, with a Renaissance cathedral nave built in the 16th century. The historic centre of Cordoba is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC337.jpg
  • Architectural detail of the Puerta de San Ildefonso, built under Al-Hakam II in the 10th century, one of the West facade entrances to the Cathedral-Great Mosque of Cordoba, on the Calle Torrijos in Cordoba, Andalusia, Southern Spain. This detail shows the frame around the arched doorway, with kufic inscription and intricately carved vegetal patterns. The first church built here by the Visigoths in the 7th century was split in half by the Moors, becoming half church, half mosque. In 784, the Great Mosque of Cordoba was begun in its place and developed over 200 years, but in 1236 it was converted into a catholic church, with a Renaissance cathedral nave built in the 16th century. The historic centre of Cordoba is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC335.jpg
  • Architectural detail of the Puerta de San Ildefonso, built under Al-Hakam II in the 10th century, one of the West facade entrances to the Cathedral-Great Mosque of Cordoba, on the Calle Torrijos in Cordoba, Andalusia, Southern Spain. This detail shows the intricately carved vegetal patterns and an overlapping arch design. The first church built here by the Visigoths in the 7th century was split in half by the Moors, becoming half church, half mosque. In 784, the Great Mosque of Cordoba was begun in its place and developed over 200 years, but in 1236 it was converted into a catholic church, with a Renaissance cathedral nave built in the 16th century. The historic centre of Cordoba is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC334.jpg
  • Architectural detail of the Puerta de San Ildefonso, built under Al-Hakam II in the 10th century, one of the West facade entrances to the Cathedral-Great Mosque of Cordoba, on the Calle Torrijos in Cordoba, Andalusia, Southern Spain. This detail shows the frame of the arch, with kufic inscription, mosaic work and intricately carved vegetal patterns. The first church built here by the Visigoths in the 7th century was split in half by the Moors, becoming half church, half mosque. In 784, the Great Mosque of Cordoba was begun in its place and developed over 200 years, but in 1236 it was converted into a catholic church, with a Renaissance cathedral nave built in the 16th century. The historic centre of Cordoba is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC332.jpg
  • Architectural detail of the Puerta de San Ildefonso, built under Al-Hakam II in the 10th century, one of the West facade entrances to the Cathedral-Great Mosque of Cordoba, on the Calle Torrijos in Cordoba, Andalusia, Southern Spain. This detail shows the intricately carved  vegetal patterns on the frame around the arch. The first church built here by the Visigoths in the 7th century was split in half by the Moors, becoming half church, half mosque. In 784, the Great Mosque of Cordoba was begun in its place and developed over 200 years, but in 1236 it was converted into a catholic church, with a Renaissance cathedral nave built in the 16th century. The historic centre of Cordoba is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC333.jpg
  • Architectural detail of the Puerta de San Ildefonso, built under Al-Hakam II in the 10th century, one of the West facade entrances to the Cathedral-Great Mosque of Cordoba, on the Calle Torrijos in Cordoba, Andalusia, Southern Spain. This detail shows the intricately carved vegetal patterns and a knotted lattice over a window. The first church built here by the Visigoths in the 7th century was split in half by the Moors, becoming half church, half mosque. In 784, the Great Mosque of Cordoba was begun in its place and developed over 200 years, but in 1236 it was converted into a catholic church, with a Renaissance cathedral nave built in the 16th century. The historic centre of Cordoba is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC330.jpg
  • Architectural detail of the Puerta de San Ildefonso, built under Al-Hakam II in the 10th century, one of the West facade entrances to the Cathedral-Great Mosque of Cordoba, on the Calle Torrijos in Cordoba, Andalusia, Southern Spain. This detail shows the intricately carved vegetal patterns, red brick and mosaic work of a fluted arch. The first church built here by the Visigoths in the 7th century was split in half by the Moors, becoming half church, half mosque. In 784, the Great Mosque of Cordoba was begun in its place and developed over 200 years, but in 1236 it was converted into a catholic church, with a Renaissance cathedral nave built in the 16th century. The historic centre of Cordoba is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC327.jpg
  • Architectural detail of the Puerta de San Ildefonso, built under Al-Hakam II in the 10th century, one of the West facade entrances to the Cathedral-Great Mosque of Cordoba, on the Calle Torrijos in Cordoba, Andalusia, Southern Spain. This detail shows a damaged section with mosaic work and intricately carved vegetal patterns. The first church built here by the Visigoths in the 7th century was split in half by the Moors, becoming half church, half mosque. In 784, the Great Mosque of Cordoba was begun in its place and developed over 200 years, but in 1236 it was converted into a catholic church, with a Renaissance cathedral nave built in the 16th century. The historic centre of Cordoba is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Picture by Manuel Cohen
    LC15_SPAIN_MC325.jpg
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